CN117255737A - 制造高压复合材料压力容器的方法以及相关产品 - Google Patents

制造高压复合材料压力容器的方法以及相关产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117255737A
CN117255737A CN202280032258.2A CN202280032258A CN117255737A CN 117255737 A CN117255737 A CN 117255737A CN 202280032258 A CN202280032258 A CN 202280032258A CN 117255737 A CN117255737 A CN 117255737A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
composite
fiber
expandable core
reinforced composite
high pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202280032258.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
D·E·豪贝尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Germany GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Germany GmbH filed Critical Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Germany GmbH
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2022/064071 external-priority patent/WO2022248484A1/en
Publication of CN117255737A publication Critical patent/CN117255737A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/44—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
    • B29C33/48—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling
    • B29C33/50—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling elastic or flexible
    • B29C33/505—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling elastic or flexible cores or mandrels, e.g. inflatable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/60—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
    • B29C53/602—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels for tubular articles having closed or nearly closed ends, e.g. vessels, tanks, containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
    • B29C63/04—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like
    • B29C63/08—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like by winding helically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/081—Combinations of fibres of continuous or substantial length and short fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
    • B29C70/14—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/32—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/3642—Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing
    • B29C2043/3649—Inflatable bladders using gas or fluid and related details
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

一种制造高压复合材料压力容器的方法，其高压为70巴(1000PSI或7兆帕)或以上，该方法包括提供可膨胀的芯体容器，该芯体容器在端部圆顶之间限界出环形区段。排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料与所述可膨胀的芯体容器中存在的多个载荷路径对正地进行包裹，所述载荷路径位于所述环形区段和端部圆顶之上。排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料在预浸料带中的纤维长度至少为5mm至最长100mm。接下来，连续纤维强化复合材料沿着所述环形区段进行包裹，而不沿着所述端部圆顶进行包裹。可以对可膨胀的芯体容器进行加压和加热，以加固复合材料外包覆。最后，容器在压力下冷却，形成高压复合材料压力容器。

Description

制造高压复合材料压力容器的方法以及相关产品
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年5月26日提交的第63/193,426号美国临时申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容在此并入本文作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及压力容器，特别是高压复合材料压力容器及其制造方法。
背景技术
氢是一种零排放燃料，使用氢的燃料电池可以最有效地利用储存的能量。问题是氢的密度非常低，必须在高压下压缩才能为许多应用储存足够的能量。对于地面交通、电动交通，特别是城市空中交通(UAM)等应用，必须最大限度地减轻重量。与金属压力容器相比，复合材料包裹的压力容器(COPV)具有较高的强度重量比，但现有技术并不理想。
众所周知，从20世纪80年代开始，复合材料可用于减轻压力容器的重量。压力容器按复合材料含量的增加分类如下：
类型I：全金属结构；
类型II：仅有复合材料包裹的金属内衬；
类型III：金属内衬，全复合材料外包覆；
类型IV：全复合材料结构，带聚合物内衬；以及
类型V：无内衬的全复合材料结构；
COPV目前最先进的技术是以热固性复合材料进行丝绕。例如，美国专利第4,699,288号教导以热固性复合材料的丝绕层和弹性内衬来提高耐损坏性。然而，弹性内衬会增加重量。
丝绕是一种标准的复合材料制造工艺，涉及将连续纤维复合材料自动缠绕在诸如圆筒等闭合截面结构上。丝绕包括将连续纤维(例如碳纤维)缠绕在热固性基体(例如环氧树脂)中的聚合物内衬(在类型IV的COPV的情况下)上，然后在高温下加固以交联树脂。
这种方法存在多个问题，包括：丝绕限制了可能的纤维路径，导致圆顶端部纤维过多(直径减小，但缠绕的纤维量相同)；热固性树脂加固导致收缩和脱胶，引起纤维起皱，降低了纤维承受外加载荷的能力；热固性树脂比热塑性树脂脆，降低了耐损伤性。
目前的技术水平试图通过日益复杂的热固性复合材料丝绕策略来减少这些问题。例如，美国专利10,436,388B2号教导控制丝绕的包裹模式，以限制丝绕过程中产生的诱导应力和端部圆顶的过量堆积。然而，由此产生的不连续性会导致结构中的应力集中，从而降低结构效率和疲劳寿命。因此，10,436,388号专利的图1和本专利申请的图1示出了丝绕的COPV，如申请人的图2所示，该COPV在端部圆顶和层间落差处有过量积聚，导致应力变化。
需要提高COPV的损伤耐受性以改善安全性，提高疲劳寿命以延长使用寿命，并在使用寿命结束时提高可回收性。热塑性复合材料可用于实现这些优点和其他优点。
美国专利号6,716,503B1和6,893,604B2教导了一种热塑性复合材料压力容器的产品和制造方法，包括冷却和对内部施压，同时加热外部以加固连续纤维热塑性复合材料。经证实，这种技术可在低压下(低于1000PSI，7Mpa，70巴)实现接近理论值的纤维平移(fiber translation)，纤维平移是指在圆筒中承受压力所需的纤维理论重量除以纤维的实际重量。这是因为纤维在熔融热塑性基体中时，内部压力会迫使纤维重新排列，以更平均地分配外加载荷。事实证明，与同类热固性复合材料压力容器相比，这种方法可减轻20％的重量、延长疲劳寿命并提高耐损坏性。此外，一致的纤维平移可减少爆破压力的变化，从而降低安全系数，进一步减轻重量。应该指出的是，本发明并不局限于热塑性复合材料COPV，对于热固性和热塑性COPV或其组合同样有利。美国专利第6,893,604B2号中的图2示出了一种强化热塑性塑料储存容器的制造方法。
美国能源部提供的关于压缩氢储存技术现状的数据包括以下内容。关于纤维平移效率的现有技术，提供了图3。关于纤维和制造的变化实现更高的安全系数和重量，提供了图4。
然而，相对于上述热塑性复合材料压力容器的产品和制造方法(参考美国专利号6,716,503B1和6,893,604B2)，该方法的优点在高压下无法实现。这里的高压一般指70巴(1000PSI或7Mpa)以上的压力；例如，压缩氢通常大于700巴，压缩天然气通常大于200巴。之所以在高压下无法实现，是因为高强度纤维、例如碳纤维没有足够的伸长率来适应厚壁层压板在加固过程中由于体积系数而产生的膨胀。当内层由于内部压力而膨胀时，连续碳纤维在断裂前的伸长率只能达到约1.5％，而断裂可能是灾难性的，导致破裂。根据本领域的理解，体积系数是指未加固复合材料层压板的厚度除以加固厚度。
此外，众所周知，与非连续纤维相比，连续纤维可提高强度和模量。例如，填充PEEK聚合物的切碎的碳纤维的强度和模量分别为0.33和43GPa，而连续纤维PEEK预浸料的强度和模量分别为2.1和138GPa(PEEK指Polyetheretherkeytone，一种高性能热塑性聚合物)。此处的预浸料是指预浸渍复合材料带，即纤维以带的形式固定在聚合物基体中。
本领域需要的是一种用于氢储存等应用的高压复合材料容器的制造方法，这种容器重量轻、耐损坏、成本低、可回收，以及这样一种高压复合材料容器。
美国专利号4,699,288；10,436,388；6,716,503B1；和6,893,604在此作为参考文献全文并入本文。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于氢储存等应用的高压复合材料容器的制造方法，这种容器重量轻、耐损坏、成本低、可回收，还提供了这样一种高压复合材料容器。也就是说，本发明适用于需要在高压下容纳气体和/或液体，同时尽可能减轻重量的COPV及其他结构。在改进COPV的现有技术水平从而提高压力容器的储能能力方面，本发明采用了现有(至少部分)技术的新颖组合。
相对于上述五种类型的压力容器，本发明主要涉及类型IV压力容器，这种压力容器具有较高的储能效率(能量含量/压力容器重量)，其内衬具有降低的渗透性。然而，根据本发明也可以制造类型V压力容器，条件是制造过程包括芯轴，该芯轴是可膨胀的，以用于在加固期间提供内部压力和在加固后移除，如本文所述。此类芯轴包括但不限于可充气材料、形状记忆材料和可溶解材料。
虽然众所周知连续纤维比非连续纤维的强度和模量更高，但本领域技术人员普遍不理解的是，存在临界纤维长度，超过该临界纤维长度，强度和/或模量不会显著提高。这就是纤维与基体之间的结合力超过纤维强度的点。图5示出了纤维长度与某些特性(模量、强度和冲击力)的关系，并说明长度为10至100mm的纤维在预浸料带中排列整齐时，即使不能保持全部特性，也能保持大部分特性。因此，本发明使用排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料，允许纤维在复合材料完全加固之前在其内部移动。
因此，本发明提供了一种用于氢储存等应用的高压复合材料压力容器的产品和制造方法，这种压力容器重量轻、耐损坏、成本低且可回收。本发明将薄壁压力容器的现有技术扩展到高压应用领域，例如压缩氢储存。更具体地说，本发明通过改进美国专利第6,893,604B2号中公开的方法，扩大了高压COPV和类似结构的压力范围并提高了结构效率，从而推进了该技术的发展。本发明尤其适用于可变形的储存容器(下文将介绍可变形的储存方法)。
本发明在一个实施例中涉及一种高压复合材料压力容器的制造方法，该方法包括以下步骤：提供排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料；以非连续纤维强化复合材料包裹可膨胀的芯体，使纤维与受压COPV中存在的载荷路径大致对正；对可膨胀的芯体加压，并可选地加热被包裹的COPV，使芯体膨胀，从而对复合材料外包覆施加压力；加热COPV，使复合材料外包覆加固；提供限制膨胀的方法；以及使加固的COPV在压力下冷却。复合材料可以是热塑性复合材料或热固性复合材料。可膨胀的芯体可以是聚合物内衬、气囊和/或形状记忆气囊。限制膨胀的方式可以包括连续纤维复合材料包覆、模具和/或高温聚合物膜或任何其他合适的方式。
本发明在另一个实施例中涉及一种高压复合材料压力容器，其中，压力容器的制造方法包括提供排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料；以非连续纤维强化复合材料包裹可膨胀的芯体，使纤维与加压COPV中存在的载荷路径大致对正；对可膨胀的芯体加压，并可选地加热被包裹的COPV，使芯体膨胀，从而对复合材料外包覆施加压力；加热COPV以加固复合材料外包层；提供限制膨胀的方法；以及使加固的COPV在压力下冷却，其中在压力下冷却的COPV就是通过这些制造步骤制成的本发明的压力容器(产品)。复合材料可以是热塑性复合材料或热固性复合材料。可膨胀的芯体可以是聚合物内衬、气囊和/或形状记忆气囊。限制膨胀的方式可以包括连续纤维复合材料外包覆、模具和/或高温聚合物膜。高压复合材料压力容器可以是适形的。适形压力容器是一种非圆柱形的压力容器，其设计可与给定空间相适应，从而最大限度地利用该空间。
本发明在另一个实施例中涉及一种高压压力容器，该压力容器包括本体，该本体配置用于容纳加压介质并承受一般高于70巴(1000PSI或7MPa)的介质压力。压力容器可以是COPV，包括容纳介质并承受介质高压的壁，其中的围壁由复合材料制成。壁可以由非连续纤维强化复合材料制成，这样纤维通常与加压COPV中的载荷路径对正。压力容器可容纳通常大于700巴的压缩氢或通常大于200巴的压缩天然气。
本发明的一个优点是提供了一种在高压下储存压缩气体和/或液体的改进方法。
本发明的另一个优点是，它提供了改进的损伤耐受性、改进的疲劳寿命、降低的成本、改进的疲劳寿命和可回收性。
本发明的另一个优点是其应用包括但不限于氢、压缩天然气和空气。
本发明的另一个优点是可用于必须将重量减至最低的场合，例如运载火箭、空中运输和地面运输。其他应用可从降低成本、耐损伤性、提高疲劳寿命和可回收性中获益。
本发明的另一个优点是克服了上述连续碳纤维断裂造成的灾难性破损。本发明通过对高压应用中的厚壁COPV采用改进的方法来实现这一点。
本发明的另一个优点是，它提供了一种制造方法的实施例，在该制造方法中，可对热塑性高压复合材料外包的压力容器进行加固。
附图说明
参考以下结合附图对本发明实施例的描述，本发明的上述及其他特征和优点，以及实现这些特征和优点的方式将变得更加清楚易懂，本发明也将得到更好的理解：
图1是根据美国专利10,436,388所述的复合材料包裹的压力容器的图片；
图2是透视图，示出了根据美国专利10,436,388所述的复合材料包裹的压力容器的不同应力水平；
图3是美国能源部提供的有关纤维平移效率的现有技术的数据；
图4是美国能源部提供的关于纤维和制造的变化导致更高的安全系数和重量的数据；
图5是纤维长度与某些特性(模量、强度和冲击力)的概括图，说明长度为10至100mm的纤维在预浸料带中排列整齐时，即使不能保持全部特性，也能保持大部分特性；
图6是示出根据本发明的制造方法的一个实施例的流程图；
图7是示出用于成型的定制通用原料(TuFF)与其他非连续纤维强化和连续纤维复合材料比较的图表；
图8是来自Hexcel公司的图表，示出拉伸断裂纤维比连续纤维具有更高的性能；
图9是丝绕方法的透视图，根据本发明，该方法可用于应用排列整齐的非连续纤维强化材料；
图10是纤维铺放方法的透视图，根据本发明，该方法可用于应用排列整齐的非连续纤维强化材料；
图11是根据本发明的纤维补片铺放方法的透视图，该方法可用于应用排列整齐的非连续纤维强化材料；
图12是示出根据本发明的制造方法的另一个实施例的流程图，以及方法步骤的侧视图；
图13是压力容器的部分剖视透视图；
图14是根据本发明的压力容器的一个实施例的截面图；以及
图15包括两幅图示，即一组压力容器的两个侧视图，其中一组是示出非适形的压力容器的三个压力容器的组，另一组(就在非适形的压力容器组的下方)是适形的压力容器的三个压力容器的组；
图16是可采用本发明方法制造的压力容器的一个示例；
图17A是可采用本发明方法制造的压力容器的另一个示例；
图17B是可采用本发明方法制造的压力容器的另一个示例；
图18是可采用本发明方法制造的压力容器的另一个示例；
图19是可采用本发明方法制造的压力容器的另一个示例；
图20是可采用本发明方法制造的压力容器的另一个示例；
图21是可采用本发明方法制造的压力容器的另一个示例；
图22是可采用本发明方法制造的压力容器的另一个示例；以及
图23是可以用本发明方法制造的压力容器的另一个示例。
相应的附图标记表示多个视图中的相应部件。此处列出的示例说明了本发明的实施例，这些示例不得解释为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图，更具体地说参照图6，图中示出了根据本发明的高压复合材料压力容器的制造方法的流程图。本发明的高压复合材料压力容器的制造方法包括：提供或以其他方式使用排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料，使纤维在加固前能够移动；以排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料包裹可膨胀的芯体，使纤维与加压COPV中存在的载荷路径大致对正；对可膨胀的芯体加压，并可选地对被包裹的COPV进行加热，从而使可膨胀的芯体对复合材料外包覆施加压力；加热COPV以加固复合材料外包覆；提供限制膨胀的方法；以及使加固的COPV在压力下冷却。
本发明采用排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料。用于生产这种排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料的材料方法可以是常规的，但本领域的技术人员会理解一些方法更有优势。这些方法包括：纤维在单一方向上的最大限度对正；最小纤维长度超过临界纤维长度；复合材料内纤维断裂的随机排列；纤维断裂发生在沿连续纤维的薄弱点上。
排列整齐的非连续纤维材料/强化材料的制造商包括但不限于特拉华大学、蒙大拿州立大学、Hexcel公司(都柏林，加利福尼亚州)、Pepin Assoc.(格林维尔，缅因州)、Pharr Yarns(麦卡登维尔，北卡罗来纳州)、Schappe Techniques(夏诺兹，法国)和Advanced Composites Group Ltd.(ACG，希诺尔，德比郡，U.K.)。这些制造商的产品在一定程度上互不相同，本领域技术人员可根据具体应用选择最合适的产品。
继续沿着这一思路，图7中的以下数据表明，在复合材料结构中，排列整齐的非连续纤维强化材料的强度与连续纤维强化材料相当，甚至更强。特拉华大学已开发出定制通用成型原料(TuFF)。图7的图表示出了TuFF与其他非连续纤维强化材料和连续纤维复合材料的比较。
以下图8的数据与Hexcel公司有关，该数据表明拉伸断裂的纤维的性能高于连续纤维(拉伸断裂的纤维指的是连续纤维预浸料，在这种情况下，连续纤维预浸料被拉伸使得一些单独的纤维断裂，形成排列整齐的非连续纤维带)。(更多信息请参见以下网站链接：
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268049934_CHARACTERIZATI ON_ OF_STRETCH_BROKEN_CARBON_FIBER_COMPOSITES_-_IM7_FI BER_IN_8552_RESIN_-_ STRETCHED_AT_PREPREG_LEVEL/figures？lo＝1)
关于纤维应用工艺，本领域技术人员可根据具体应用，从各种现有(至少部分)方法中进行选择，通过这些方法应用排列整齐的非连续纤维强化材料来形成复合材料结构。现概述本发明可采用的三种此类方法。
第一种应用排列整齐的非连续纤维强化材料的方法是丝绕。美国专利第6,893,604B2号(强化热塑性塑料储存容器的制造)教导了连续纤维强化材料的丝绕方法。丝绕是包裹封闭式结构、例如压力容器的一种简单方法。但是，这种方法需要以近似大地线路径的方式缠绕连续带，而这种路径可能与包括COPV在内的结构的被施加载荷方向不一致。丝绕还会导致COPV的端部圆顶堆积，增加重量，从而降低结构效率。从理论上讲，圆柱形压力容器在周向方向所需的强化量是轴向的两倍。然而，丝绕不允许在纯粹的周向或轴向铺放纤维。图9示出了根据本发明可以使用的丝绕方法的一个实施例。
应用排列整齐的非连续纤维强化材料的第二种方法是纤维铺放。纤维铺放法可以将复合材料纤维按任意方向铺放，并能自动启动和切割复合材料带。但是，由于需要用压实辊跟踪表面以及切割和重新启动预浸料，这种方法不如丝绕快。自动纤维铺放(AFP)可以进行调整和采用，其中，自动纤维铺放是一种标准的复合材料制造工艺，包括自动将连续纤维复合材料铺放到结构上，包括切割和启动条带以优化结构。图10示出了根据本发明可以使用的纤维铺放方法的一个实施例。
应用排列整齐的非连续纤维加固的第三种方法是纤维补片预成型。纤维补片预成型是将复合材料的小补片铺放到结构上的自动化过程。例如，纤维补片预成型可自动将纤维强化复合材料补片置于模具上。通过使补片长于最小纤维长度、弥补切口并将纤维铺放在载荷路径上，纤维补片预成型可以在COPV等结构上实现排列整齐的非连续纤维强化材料。图11示出了根据本发明可以使用的纤维补片铺放方法的一个实施例。
关于加固工艺，本发明提供了对现有工艺的开发。美国专利第6,893,604B2号(强化热塑性塑料储存容器制造)教导对压力容器内部加压，从外部加热，然后冷却内部。本发明也可采用这种方法，关键区别在于使用排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料，以及允许纤维强化材料膨胀的方法，以便在加固过程中补偿COPV的体积因数，以及限制膨胀的方法。
可以使用任何合适的方式来加热、加压以及限制膨胀。加热方法包括采用但不限于以下几种：内部的加热液体；内部的加热气体；外部的加热气体；内部的红外加热；外部的红外加热；外部的火焰加热。加压方法包括但不限于以下几种：内部的加压气体；内部的加压液体；外部真空；内部的加压以及外部真空。
现在参阅图12，图中示出了本发明压力容器制造方法的另一个实施例(从文本块向下指向的箭头表示方法的进展，指向文本块左侧的箭头表示特定步骤的说明)。本发明方法的这一实施例可与图6所示的本发明方法的实施例结合使用，但图12所示的实施例主要侧重于示出该方法的一些阶段所使用的纤维类型。在图12的第一步骤中，提供了聚合物内衬。接着，以排列整齐的非连续纤维包裹聚合物内衬。接着，以连续纤维包裹聚合物内衬，连续纤维的包裹可以分两步、沿两个不同方向或在单个步骤中使用。连续纤维的外包覆会在加固过程中限制在热量和内部压力的作用下的膨胀。接下来发生加固。加固步骤可选地包括冷却剂54；另一方面，在制造方法中也可选地不使用冷却剂54。最后，就得到了本发明的COPV。
现在参考图13和图14，图中示出了一种复合材料包裹的压力容器100。该压力容器包括以碳纤维复合材料104包裹的高密度聚合物内衬102。这是本发明一般设计的一个实施例，可以看出图13中的碳纤维复合材料并没有明确示出本发明的非连续纤维层。凸台106包括阀门108和热激活压力释放装置110，该热激活压力释放装置由位于容器100内部的温度传感器112激活。此外，还可添加圆顶保护层114，以提供额外的保护，防止意外损坏。
图14是穿过本发明的压力容器的简化截面图。图14现在明确示出了本发明COPV的非连续纤维层116。更具体地说，图14示出了具有圆柱形的高压COPV100。可以理解的是，虽然图14示出的是圆柱形COPV，但COPV也可以形成其他形状、例如球形，或符合COPV所占空间的形状，可以是不对称形状。图14中COPV的一端具有凸台中的开口107，用于接收氢等。COPV还包括内层118，例如形成为聚合物内衬。中间层可包括排列整齐的非连续纤维116，即上文所述的排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料。外层120可以包括连续纤维层，即连续纤维强化复合材料。如图14所示，复合材料不会像传统丝绕COPV那样在端部圆顶上堆积。
现在请参照图15，图中顶部示出了矩形约束器或支架130内的一组三个压力容器100a。作为不可变形的压力容器，它们在支架内保持圆形截面(例如圆柱形压力容器)。每个压力容器都具有外部复合材料层。如图所示，在支架和每个压力容器的外表面之间存在大量的浪费空间132a。浪费的空间可以计算出来，其中，"r"是圆的半径。因此，圆的面积为πr2，正方形的面积为(2r)2。因此，我们可以用πr2/(2r)2来表示圆的面积与正方形的面积之比，这等于π/4，而π/4本身等于79％。这意味着浪费的空间面积约为21％，相当于矩形支架中非适形的压力容器图纸中浪费的空间量。
另一方面，适形压力容器至少部分地顺应其支架的形状，如图15中的下部插图所示出的一组三个适形压力容器100b(在一组三个不适形压力容器的下方)。适形压力容器的截面不是圆形的，而是方形的，就像它们的矩形支架或外罩130一样，外罩130可以是图中所示的复合材料。箭头指示的是适形压力容器的膨胀位置，以最大化其面积/容积。本领域技术人员可以理解，浪费的空间132b远远小于浪费的空间132a。
根据本发明，可以制造非适形和适形压力容器。例如，对于非适形COPV，可以使用排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料，使其在内部压力的作用下在加固过程中移动，以便更有效地填充可用空间，例如在支架或外罩中的空间。同样，本发明也适用于图15下部所示的压力容器，这种容器被称为“适形储存器”。本发明也可用于适形压力容器，这样就可以使用排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料，使其在内部压力的作用下在加固过程中移动，以便更有效地填充外模的可用空间。因此，本发明可用于生产各种形状的适形压力容器。在所有情况下，外罩都必须在加固过程中受到限制。因此，这种具有非典型形状的适形压力容器可以在壁厚和几何形状上进行调整，以提供一种可以节省空间、强度和容积与圆柱体相当的容器，尽管其形状不是圆柱体，但可以进行安装和配置。
现在请参照图16-23，图中示出了具有各种配置的各种常规适形储存容器。也就是说，本发明的高压COPV可以制造成具有图16-23中所示的任何配置，并且可以以图16-23中所示的任何方式使用，因为图16-23仅作为示例而非限制提供。因此，本发明的高压COPV虽然可以采用图16-23中所示的任何配置或任何其他配置，但本发明的高压COPV可为任何此类配置提供改进的性能。
图16示出了翼状结构、利如飞机机翼中的可适形储存容器的剖面图。
图17A示出了多个压力容器的透视图，其中包括多缸和多球容器。图17B示出了多个压力容器的透视剖面图，这些压力容器彼此同心并具有环形结构。
图18示出了多个压力容器的透视部分剖面图，这些压力容器至少部分地彼此同心，并至少部分地具有环形构造，同时还有四个相交的膜。
图19示出了多个压力容器的透视剖视图，其中一个配置成环形，另一个配置成两端呈滚圆形的圆柱体，并且没有相交处。
图20在a、b、c和d处分别示出了多个压力容器(罐)的透视图，这些压力容器(罐)除了相互接触的位置外一般都是球形的。
图21示出了多个压力容器的A、B和C三组，一般称为肠道，以表示其相互连接的管状性质，各组由两条分界线划定。A组示出了多个压力容器的四个视图：透视图(下)；端视图(左中)；侧视图(上)；以及在端视图中圆圈附近截取的剖面图(右中)。A组的容器一般呈管状结构。B组示出了多个压力容器的三个视图：透视图(底视图)、俯视图(左上角视图)和沿穿过俯视图中间的垂直线截取的剖视图(右上角视图)。B组的压力容器呈圆盘状，中心区域具有孔。C组示出了两个视图：多个压力容器的透视图(上图)，与A组的透视图类似；以及矩形框内单个压力容器的透视图(下图)。C组示出了C组中两种配置的比较，即单个压力容器(底部)比多个压力容器(顶部)所占矩形盒的面积要小。
图22示出了带有多个压力容器的车辆的透视图，图22中配置的多个压力容器占用了给定的空间，从而减少了浪费的空间。
图23示出了Noble Gas Systems制造的压力容器的透视图，该压力容器包括：内衬，其可以是热塑性弹性体，具有柔韧性和阻隔渗透的作用；强化层，其由编织合成纤维制成，用于承压。压力容器的形状一般为线形，编织层可使其具有适应性而不会塌陷。压力容器包括多个大体呈圆柱形的本体和多个直径小于圆柱形本体的管状体。圆柱形本体通过管状体相互串联，每个管状体都与圆柱形本体的两端相连，并在图23中折叠，从而使圆柱形本体彼此堆叠，从而占据非对称形状的空间，如图23所示，压力容器从其限定非对称形状空间的容器中分解出，以便于观察。
虽然本发明已就至少一个实施例进行了描述，但本发明可在本公开的精神和范围内进一步修改。因此，本申请旨在涵盖本发明使用其一般原理的任何变体、用途或改型。此外，本申请旨在涵盖本发明相关技术中已知或习惯做法中与本发明公开内容的偏离。

Claims (23)

1.一种制造高压复合材料压力容器的方法，所述高压复合材料压力容器配置用于容纳气体和/或液体，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供可膨胀的芯体容器，所述可膨胀的芯体容器在端部圆顶之间限界出环形区段；
提供排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料包括长度至少为5mm、最长为100mm的纤维，其中，所述纤维在预浸料带中排列整齐；
以所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器，其中，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料与所述可膨胀的芯体容器中存在的多个载荷路径对正地进行包裹，所述载荷路径位于所述环形区段和端部圆顶之上；
以连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器，其中，所述连续纤维强化复合材料包裹在所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料之上，所述连续纤维强化复合材料沿着所述环形区段进行包裹，而不沿着所述端部圆顶进行包裹；
对所述可膨胀的芯体容器加压，其中，所述可膨胀的芯体容器配置成能够膨胀以对所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料和连续纤维强化复合材料施加压力；
加热所述可膨胀的芯体容器并加固复合材料外包覆；以及
在压力下冷却所述可膨胀的芯体容器，以最终形成所述高压复合材料压力容器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法在加热所述可膨胀的芯体容器和加固复合材料外包覆的步骤之后、但在压力下冷却所述可膨胀的芯体容器以形成高压复合材料压力容器的步骤之前包括限制所述可膨胀的芯体容器膨胀的步骤。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述限制的步骤包括使用连续纤维复合材料外包覆、模具和高温聚合物膜中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述非连续纤维强化复合材料的复合材料包括热塑性复合材料或热固性复合材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述可膨胀的芯体容器包括聚合物内衬、囊或形状记忆囊。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料包括长度至少为10mm、最长为100mm的纤维。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料包括长度至少为25mm、最长为100mm的纤维。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料包括长度至少为50mm、最长为100mm的纤维。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述高压复合材料压力容器配置成能够容纳大于或等于700巴的压缩氢。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述高压复合材料压力容器配置成能够容纳大于或等于200巴的压缩天然气。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，以所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器的步骤采用了丝绕工艺。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，以所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器的步骤采用了纤维铺放工艺。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，以所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器的步骤采用了纤维补片预成型工艺，其中，每个补片都长于最小纤维长度，并以弥补切口的方式铺放所述补片。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在以所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器的步骤之后、在以所述连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器的步骤之前，包括以预备的连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器的步骤，其中，所述预备的连续纤维强化复合材料与所述可膨胀的芯体容器中存在的多个载荷路径对正地进行包裹，所述载荷路径位于所述环形区段和端部圆顶之上。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述高压复合材料压力容器配置用于70巴(1000PSI或7Mpa)或以上的高压。
16.一种制造高压复合材料压力容器的方法，所述高压复合材料压力容器配置用于容纳气体和/或液体，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供可膨胀的芯体容器；
提供排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料包括长度至少为5mm至最长100mm的纤维，其中，所述纤维在预浸料带中排列整齐；
以所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器；
以连续纤维强化复合材料包裹所述可膨胀的芯体容器；
对所述可膨胀的芯体容器加压，其中，所述可膨胀的芯体容器配置成膨胀以对所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料和连续纤维强化复合材料施加压力；
加热所述可膨胀的芯体容器并加固复合材料外包覆；以及
在压力下冷却所述可膨胀的芯体容器，以最终形成高压复合材料压力容器。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料包括长度至少为10mm至最长100mm的纤维。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料包括长度至少为25mm至最长100mm的纤维。
19.根据权利要求16的方法，其中，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料包括长度至少为50mm至最长100mm的纤维。
20.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中，所述高压复合材料压力容器配置用于70巴(1000PSI或7Mpa)或以上的高压。
21.一种高压复合材料压力容器，配置用于容纳气体和/或液体，所述高压复合材料压力容器包括：
可膨胀的芯体，其在端部圆顶之间限界出环形区段；
包裹在所述可膨胀的芯体之上的排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料包括长度至少为5mm至最长100mm的纤维，其中，所述纤维在预浸料带中排列整齐，所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料与所述可膨胀的芯体容器中存在的多个载荷路径对正地进行包裹，所述载荷路径位于所述环形区段和端部圆顶之上；以及
连续纤维强化复合材料，其包裹在所述排列整齐的非连续纤维强化复合材料之上，其中，所述连续纤维强化复合材料沿着所述环形区段进行包裹，而不沿着所述端部圆顶进行包裹。
22.根据权利要求21所述的高压复合材料压力容器，其中，所述高压复合材料压力容器包括包裹在所述排列整齐的非连续纤维复合材料之上和所述连续纤维强化复合材料之下的预备的连续纤维强化复合材料，其中，所述预备的连续纤维强化复合材料与所述可膨胀的芯体容器中存在的多个载荷路径对正地进行包裹，所述载荷路径位于所述环形区段和端部圆顶之上。
23.根据权利要求21所述的高压复合材料压力容器，其中，所述高压复合材料压力容器用于70巴(1000PSI或7Mpa)或以上的高压。
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