CN117242071A - 选择性血管紧张素ii受体配体 - Google Patents
选择性血管紧张素ii受体配体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117242071A CN117242071A CN202280030668.3A CN202280030668A CN117242071A CN 117242071 A CN117242071 A CN 117242071A CN 202280030668 A CN202280030668 A CN 202280030668A CN 117242071 A CN117242071 A CN 117242071A
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Classifications
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4178—1,3-Diazoles not condensed 1,3-diazoles and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. pilocarpine, nitrofurantoin
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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Abstract
本发明提供了式(I)药物化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4具有说明书中给出的含义,所述化合物可用于治疗自身免疫疾病和/或纤维化疾病,包括间质性肺疾病,诸如特发性肺纤维化和结节病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新颖的药学上有用的化合物,特别是作为血管紧张素II(Ang II)激动剂、更特别是Ang II 2型受体(在下文中称为AT2受体)的激动剂、并且尤其是选择性结合至该受体的激动剂的化合物。本发明进一步涉及此类化合物作为药物的用途、包含它们的药物组合物、以及它们的生产的合成路线。
背景技术
肾素(蛋白酶)切割其唯一已知的底物(血管紧张素原)以形成血管紧张素I(AngI),该Ang I继而用作血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的底物以形成Ang II。内源性激素Ang II是线性八肽(Asp1-Arg2-Val3-Tyr4-lle5-His6-Pro7-Phe8),并且是肾素血管紧张素系统(RAS)的活性成分。血管紧张素II 1型(AT1)受体在大多数器官中表达,并且被认为负责Ang II的大部分病理作用。
几项成年个体中的研究似乎表明,在Ang II受体刺激后的应答的调节中,AT2受体的活化具有与AT1受体所介导的效应相反的效应。AT2受体也已被证明参与细胞凋亡以及对细胞增殖的抑制(de Gasparo M等人,Pharmacol.Rev.(2000);52,415-472)。最近,AT2受体激动剂已被证明在治疗和/或预防消化道疾患(诸如消化不良和肠易激综合征)以及多器官衰竭方面具有潜在的效用(参见国际专利申请WO 99/43339)。AT2受体的激动的预期药理作用一般性地描述于de Gasparo M等人的论文(见上文)中。
Ang II对血管张力、细胞生长、炎症和细胞外基质合成的刺激效应主要与任何器官中的AT1受体偶联,而AT2受体的功能似乎在受损组织中更普遍并且发挥修复特性以及对抗AT1受体的特性。例如,AT2受体已被证明对于减少心肌细胞肥大和纤维化具有重要意义。
间质性肺疾病(ILD)是一组影响间质的肺部疾病,其特征在于肺泡周围的组织结疤和/或增厚,并且因此抑制呼吸过程。
ILD与阻塞性呼吸道疾病(例如,慢性阻塞性呼吸道疾病(COPD)和哮喘)不同,其典型特征在于支气管和/或细支气管狭窄(阻塞)。ILD可能由肺部损伤引起,该肺部损伤引发异常愈合反应,但在一些情况下,这些疾病的原因尚不清楚。ILD可由化学物质(矽肺、石棉肺、某些药物)、感染(例如,肺炎)或其他疾病(例如,类风湿性关节炎、系统性硬化病、肌炎或系统性红斑狼疮)引发。
最常见的ILD是特发性肺纤维化(IPF)和结节病,这两种疾病的特征均在于慢性炎症和肺功能下降。
结节病是原因不明的疾病,其特征在于炎症细胞聚集形成肿块(肉芽肿),通常始于肺部(以及皮肤和/或淋巴结,但任何器官都可能受到影响)。当结节病影响肺部时,症状包括咳嗽、哮鸣、气短和/或胸痛。
结节病的治疗因患者而异。在大多数情况下,可以用非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)进行对症治疗,但是对于出现肺部症状的患者,通常采用糖皮质激素(例如,泼尼松或泼尼松龙)、抗代谢药物和/或单克隆抗肿瘤坏死因子抗体。
IPF是原因不明的肺部疾病,其影响全球约500万人。除极少数情况下进行肺移植外,无治愈性治疗选择,造成肺功能慢性、不可逆的进行性恶化,并且在大多数情况下,导致在2-5年内死亡(中位生存期为2.5至3.5年)。虽然IPF的总体预后不佳,但很难预测个体患者的进展率。IPF的风险因素包括年龄、男性、遗传易感性和吸烟史。年发病率为每100,000人5-16例,患病率为每100,000人13-20例,随年龄增长而显著增加(King Jr TE等人,Lancet(2011);378,1949-1961;Noble PW等人,J.Clin.Invest.(2012);122,2756-2762)。IPF仅限于肺部,并且难以用针对免疫系统的疗法进行治疗,这将其与全身性疾病相关的肺纤维化区分开来。
IPF患者通常因慢性和进行性劳力性呼吸困难和咳嗽而就医。肺部影像学检查通常显示牵拉性支气管扩张、叶间隔膜增厚和胸膜下呈蜂窝状。当存在所有三种临床表现并且没有系统性结缔组织疾病或环境暴露的证据时,很可能诊断为IPF。通常通过肺活检做出明确的诊断,并且需要由多学科专业团队(包括在间质性肺疾病方面经验丰富的肺科医生、放射科医生和病理学家)进行诊断。
IPF表现出不同的表型,这些表型具有不同的预后,定义为轻度、中度和重度。轻度病例遵循稳定或缓慢的进展路径,患者有时需要几年时间来寻求医疗建议。加速型IPF具有快得多的进展速度,生存期更短,影响特定的患者子组,通常是男性吸烟者。急性加重IPF被定义为疾病迅速恶化,并且该子群体中的患者的预后非常差,短期内具有高死亡率。IPF的原因尚不清楚,但它似乎是可能由环境和遗传因素相互作用引起的疾患,造成成纤维细胞驱动不停的组织重塑而不是正常修复;发病机制主要由纤维化而非炎症驱动。越来越多的证据表明,该疾病是通过肺泡上皮细胞微损伤和细胞凋亡引发的,活化邻近的上皮细胞并且吸引产生负责以类似肿瘤的方式扩张成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞群的因子的干细胞或祖细胞。成纤维细胞灶分泌过量的细胞外基质,该细胞外基质破坏肺实质并且最终导致肺功能丧失。
肺功能(肺活量)的平均年下降率在0.13升至0.21升的范围内。症状先于诊断1年至2年出现,并且放射学体征可能先于症状出现(Ley B等人,Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med.(2011);183,431-440)。
许多治疗方法已经在临床前模型和临床试验中进行了测试,诸如抗炎、免疫调节、细胞毒性、一般抗纤维化、抗氧化剂、抗凝剂、抗趋化因子、抗血管生成药物以及RAS阻滞剂、内皮素拮抗剂和西地那非,所有这些药物基本上都已被证明提供有限的益处或没有益处(Rafii R等人,J.Thorac.Dis.(2013);5,48-73)。
目前IPF的治疗包括补氧。所用的药物包括吡非尼酮或尼达尼布,但在减缓疾病进展方面仅取得有限的成功。进一步地,这两种药物通常都会引起(主要是胃肠道)副作用。
存在与上述所有ILD(和IPF)药物治疗相关联的缺点,并且存在对更安全和/或更有效的治疗的真正的临床需要。
恢复肺泡上皮作为IPF的治疗效果是非常理想的,因此干细胞疗法也已经得到测试。一些临床前研究已经显示出使用能够分化为肺上皮细胞和内皮细胞的多能干细胞,从而修复肺损伤和纤维化的潜力。
目前,肺移植是唯一能够实质上改善IPF患者的生存期的干预措施。但是,并发症(诸如感染和移植排斥)并不少见。
开发新的IPF治疗策略因而很重要。因此,未来的根本挑战是开发适当的治疗方法来逆转或阻止疾病的进展。
美国专利申请US2004/0167176描述了可用作Ang II受体激动剂的三环杂环的制备。
具有降低的CYP 450抑制作用的选择性AT2受体激动剂描述于以下文献中:Mahalingam等人,Bioorg.Med.Chem.(2010);18,4570-4590。
用于合成在人肝微粒体中具有改善的稳定性的AT2受体配体的酯交换方法描述于以下文献中:Wannberg等人,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.(2018);28,519-522。
特别地,国际专利申请WO 2002/096883描述了作为AT2受体激动剂的咪唑基、三唑基和四唑基噻吩磺酰胺和衍生物的制备。该文献中描述的化合物(作为实例1)为化合物C21(N-丁氧基羰基-3-(4-咪唑-1-基甲基苯基)-5-异丁基噻吩-2-磺酰胺)。从约20种相关类似物的组中选择C21作为选择性AT2受体激动剂,用于临床开发。目前正在临床开发其用于治疗AT2受体相关疾患(包括IPF)(参见例如,国际专利申请WO 2016/139475)。
C21还已被表明在治疗尤其是卒中、脊髓损伤、镰状细胞病、肌营养不良、癌症治疗相关的心脏毒性、周围神经病变和系统性硬化病中具有潜在用途(参见例如,国际专利申请WO 2004/046141、WO 2016/092329、WO 2016/107879、WO 2016/139475、WO 2017/221012、WO2019/008393和美国专利申请US2012/035232)。
在开发期间中已经发现C21具有以下缺点:它是几种细胞色素P450酶(CYP)(尤其是CYP 2C9和CYP 3A4)的有效抑制剂,可能影响其他药物的代谢;而且快速水解成无活性的磺酰胺代谢物。因此,开发代谢稳定和/或表现出更少的对CYP酶的抑制的强效和选择性AT2激动剂是根本的挑战。
出人意料地,我们已经发现,如下文所定义的某些经化学修饰的化合物不仅是选择性AT2受体激动剂,而且与C21相比更有效,对代谢水解具有显著改善的稳定性和/或表现出更少的对CYP酶的抑制。
具体实施方式
在本发明的第一方面,提供了式I化合物,
其中:
R1表示C1-2烷基(其任选地被一个或多个氟原子取代)、OR7、或氟原子;
R2和R3各自独立地表示H或C1-6烷基,其任选地被一个或多个卤素原子取代;
Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4独立地表示-CH-、-CF-、或-N-;
R4表示C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基-C1-6烷基,其中的每一者的烷基部分任选地被一个或多个卤素原子取代,或者
R4表示芳基、C1-6烷基芳基、C1-3烯基芳基、杂芳基、C1-6烷基杂芳基、或C1-3烯基杂芳基,其中的每一者任选地被选自以下的一个或多个取代基取代:卤素、-CF3、CF3O-、C1-6烷基和C1-6烷氧基;
R5表示H或C1-6烷基,其中的每一者任选地被一个或多个卤素原子取代;
R6表示C2-4烷基,其任选地被一个或多个卤素原子取代;并且
R7表示H或甲基,其任选地被一个或多个氟原子取代,
或其药学上可接受的盐,这些化合物和盐在下文中一起称为“本发明的化合物”。
出于解释本说明书的目的,将应用以下定义,并且在适当时,以单数形式使用的术语也将包括复数,反之亦然。
化合物可以根据由程序Chemdoodle 8.1.0所生成的IUPAC命名法进行命名。
为避免疑义,技术人员将理解,本文对本发明的特定方面的化合物的提及(诸如涉及如前文所定义的式I化合物的本发明的任何方面)将包括对其所有实施例及其特定特征的提及,这些实施例和特定特征可以组合以形成本发明的进一步的实施例和特征。
除非另有说明,否则本文所用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的那些含义相同的含义。
药学上可接受的盐包括酸加成盐和碱加成盐。此类盐可通过常规手段形成,例如通过使本发明的化合物的游离酸或游离碱形式与一个或多个当量的适当的酸或碱任选地在溶剂中或在盐不溶于其中的介质中反应,然后使用标准技术(例如,在真空中、通过冷冻干燥或通过过滤)去除所述溶剂或所述介质。盐也可使用本领域技术人员已知的技术来制备,诸如通过将呈盐形式的本发明的化合物的抗衡离子与另一种抗衡离子交换(例如,使用合适的离子交换树脂)。
可提及的特定的酸加成盐包括:羧酸盐,诸如甲酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、苯甲酸盐、草酸盐、延胡索酸盐、马来酸盐等;磺酸盐,诸如甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐等;卤化物盐,诸如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐等;硫酸盐和磷酸盐,诸如硫酸盐或磷酸盐等。
可提及的特定的碱加成盐包括与碱金属形成的盐(诸如Li、Na和K盐)、与碱土金属形成的盐(诸如Mg和Ca盐)或与其他金属形成的盐(诸如Al和Zn盐)、以及与胺碱(诸如氨、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇)形成的盐。更特别地,可提及的碱加成盐包括Mg盐、Ca盐,并且最特定地包括K盐和Na盐。
本发明的化合物可作为固体存在,并且因此本发明的范围包括其所有无定形、结晶和部分结晶形式,并且还可作为油状物存在。在式I化合物以结晶和部分结晶形式存在的情况下,此类形式可包括溶剂化物,这些溶剂化物包括在本发明的范围内。
本发明的化合物还可存在于溶液中(即,在合适溶剂中的溶液中)。例如,式I化合物可存在于水溶液中,在这种情况下,本发明的化合物可以水合物的形式存在。
本发明的化合物可含有双键,并且除非另有说明,否则可因此作为关于每个单独的双键以E(entgegen)和Z(zusammen)几何异构体存在。除非另有说明,否则所有此类异构体及其混合物都包括在本发明的范围内。
本发明的化合物还可表现出互变异构现象。所有互变异构形式及其混合物都包括在本发明的范围内(特别是具有足够稳定性以允许将其分离的那些)。
本发明的化合物还可含有一个或多个不对称碳原子,并且因此可表现出光学和/或非对映异构现象(即,以对映异构体或非对映异构体形式存在)。可使用常规技术(例如,色谱法或分步结晶)来分离非对映异构体。可通过使用常规(例如,分步结晶或HPLC)技术,分离化合物的外消旋混合物或其他混合物来分离各种立体异构体(即,对映异构体)。替代性地,期望的对映异构体或非对映异构体可由适当的光学活性起始材料在不会引起外消旋化或差向异构化的条件下(即“手性池”方法),通过使适当的起始材料与“手性助剂”(其随后可以在合适的阶段通过衍生化(即,拆分,包含动态拆分;例如,与同手性酸反应,然后通过常规手段诸如色谱法分离非对映异构体衍生物)去除)的反应、或通过与适当的手性试剂或手性催化剂的反应来获得,所有这些方法和过程都可以在技术人员已知的条件下进行。除非另有说明,否则所有立体异构体及其混合物都包括在本发明的范围内。
如本文所用,术语“卤素”当在本文中使用时包括氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)和碘(I)。同样,术语“卤代”如果并且当在本文中使用时包括氟代、氯代、溴代和碘代。
除非另有说明,否则本文所定义的C1-6烷基基团(例如,C1-2烷基基团)、C2-4烷基基团、以及C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基-C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基芳基、C1-3烯基芳基、C1-6烷基杂芳基和C1-3烯基杂芳基基团的烷基部分可为直链的,或者当存在足够数量(即,适当时,至少两个或三个)碳原子时为支链的和/或环状的(例如,形成C3-6环烷基基团)。当存在足够数量(即,至少四个)碳原子时,此类基团也可为部分环状的(例如,形成C4-6部分环烷基基团)。例如,可提及的环烷基基团包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。类似地,可提及的部分环状烷基基团(其也可称为“部分环烷基”基团)包括环丙基甲基。当存在足够数量的碳原子时,此类基团还可为多环的(例如,二环或三环)和/或螺环的。
当存在足够数量(即,最少三个)碳原子时,烷基基团和烷氧基基团可为不饱和的,并且因此引入双键或三键。
可提及的特定烷基基团包括直链(即,非支链和/或环状)烷基基团。例如,C1-6烷基、以及C1-6烷氧基基团的烷基部分包括但不限于正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基;丙基,诸如正丙基、2-甲基丙基或异丙基;乙基;和甲基。
为避免任何疑义,C1-6烷基基团、以及C1-6烷氧基-C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基芳基、C1-3烯基芳基、C1-6烷基杂芳基和C1-3烯基杂芳基基团的烷基部分的连接点经由此类基团的烷基部分。
为避免疑义,烷氧基基团经由该基团中的氧原子连接至分子的其余部分,并且烷氧基烷基基团经由该基团的烷基部分连接至分子的其余部分。
除非另有说明,否则烷氧基是指O-烷基,其中术语“烷基”具有上文给出的含义。
如本文所用,对杂原子的提及将采用本领域技术人员所理解的其通常的含义。可提及的特定杂原子包括磷、硒、硅、硼、氧、氮和硫(例如,氧、氮和硫,诸如氧和氮)。
如本文所可能使用的,对“杂芳基”(其也可以称为杂芳族)环或基团的提及可以指含有一个或多个杂原子(诸如选自氧、氮和/或硫的一个或多个杂原子)的杂芳族基团。此类杂芳基基团可包含一个、两个或三个环,其中至少一个环为芳族环(其中芳族环可含有或可不含有一个或多个杂原子)。适当时,杂芳基/杂芳族基团上的取代基可位于环系统中的任何合适的原子(包括杂原子)上(例如,位于合适的N原子上)。
杂芳基/杂芳族基团的连接点可经由环系统中的任何原子(包括(适当时)杂原子)。双环杂芳基/杂芳族基团可包含与一个或多个进一步的芳族或非芳族杂环稠合的苯环,在这些情况下,多环杂芳基/杂芳族基团的连接点可经由包括苯环或杂芳基/杂芳族或杂环基环的任何环。
为避免疑义,技术人员将理解,可形成本发明的化合物的一部分的杂芳基基团是如本领域技术人员所知的能够通过化学方法获得的那些。各种杂芳基基团是本领域技术人员所熟知的,诸如吡啶基、吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、咪唑基、咪唑并嘧啶基、咪唑并噻唑基、噻吩并噻吩基、嘧啶基、呋喃并吡啶基、吲哚基、氮杂吲哚基、吡嗪基、吡唑并嘧啶基、吲唑基、嘧啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并三唑基和嘌呤基。
为避免疑义,杂芳基/杂芳族基团的氧化物也包括在本发明的范围内(例如,N-氧化物)。
如上所述,杂芳基包括多环(例如,双环)基团,其中一个环为芳族的(而其他环可以是或不是芳族的)。因此,可提及的其他杂芳基基团包括基团,诸如苯并[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯基、苯并[1,4]二噁英基、二氢苯并[d]异噻唑、3,4-二氢苯并[1,4]噁嗪基、二氢苯并噻吩基、二氢吲哚基、5H,6H,7H-吡咯并[1,2-b]嘧啶基、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉基、苯并二氢噻喃基等。
如本文中可以使用的,术语芳基可以指C6-14(例如,C6-10)芳族基团。此类基团可为单环或双环,并且当为双环时,可以为完全或部分芳族的。可提及的C6-10芳基基团包括苯基、萘基、1,2,3,4-四氢萘基、茚满基等(例如,苯基、萘基等)。
芳族基团可被描绘为其中包含合适数量的双键以允许芳香性的环状基团。
技术人员将理解,可形成本发明的化合物的一部分的芳基基团是如本领域技术人员所知的能够通过化学方法获得的那些。
为避免疑义,取代基在芳基基团上的连接点可经由环系统的任何合适的碳原子。
本发明也包括与本文所述的那些相同的同位素标记的本发明的化合物,但是其中一个或多个原子被原子质量或质量数不同于自然界中通常发现的原子质量或质量数(或在自然界中发现的最丰富的那种)的原子所取代。在本发明的化合物及其用途的范围内设想到本文指定的任何特定原子或元素的所有同位素。因此,本发明的化合物还包括氘代化合物,即其中一个或多个氢原子被氢同位素氘取代的本发明的化合物。
在本发明的化合物中的两个或更多个取代基的特性可以相同的情况下,相应取代基的实际特性不以任何方式相互依存。例如,在存在两个或更多个卤代基团的情况下,那些基团可以相同或不同(例如,两个氯代基团、或一个氟代基团和一个氯代基团)。类似地,在其中存在两个或更多个烷基基团的情况下,所讨论的基团在它们的碳原子数和/或它们是直链、支链、不饱和的还是其他方式等方面可以相同或不同。
进一步,当指定取代基本身任选地被一个或多个取代基取代时(例如,任选地被一个或多个独立地选自卤代的基团取代的丁基),这些取代基在可能的情况下可以位于相同或不同的原子上。此类任选的取代基可以以其任何合适的数量存在(例如,相关基团可以经一个或多个此类取代基(诸如一个此类取代基)取代)。
在基团在本文中被称为任选地被取代的情况下,具体地设想到此类任选的取代基可以不存在(即,对此类任选的取代基的提及可以被移除),在这种情况下,任选地被取代的基团可以被称为是未取代的。
除非另有说明,否则取代基(无论是任选的还是其他方式)可位于它们可以连接的基团上的任何点处。在这方面,可以被一个或多个取代基取代的烷基和烷氧基基团(例如)也可以被此类取代基封端(意指位于例如烷基或烷氧基链的末端处)。
为避免疑义,在式I化合物中的两个或更多个取代基的特性可以相同的情况下,相应取代基的实际特性不以任何方式相互依存。例如,在其中R2和R3均为C1-6烷基的情况下,所讨论的C1-6烷基基团可以相同或不同。
技术人员将认识到,作为本发明的主题的本发明的化合物包括能够获得的那些,即,能够以稳定的形式制备的那些。即,本发明的化合物包括那些足够稳定以承受分离(例如,从反应混合物中分离)以得到有用的纯度的化合物。
本发明的优选的化合物包括那些化合物,其中:
当R1表示甲基或乙基基团时,其任选地被至多三个氟原子(例如,CH2CF3)取代;
R2和R3独立地表示H或C1-4烷基基团(诸如甲基、乙基、丙基(例如,正丙基)、或丁基(例如,正丁基)),其任选地被至多三个卤素原子(例如,CH2CHClCH2CH2F或CH2CF3)取代;
Y1表示-CH-、-CF-、或-N-;
Y2表示-CH-或-CF-;
Y3表示-CH-;
Y4表示-CH-或-N-;
R4表示C1-4烷基基团(诸如乙基、丙基(例如,正丙基或异丙基)或丁基(例如,叔丁基、异丁基、或正丁基))、C1-4烷氧基-C1-4-烷基(诸如甲氧基乙基)、苯基、C1-3烷基芳基、或C1-3烷基杂芳基,其中的每一者任选地被至多三个卤素原子(诸如F)取代或封端;
R5表示H或C1-4烷基基团(诸如甲基、乙基、丙基(例如,正丙基)、或丁基(例如,异丁基));
R6表示乙基、丙基(例如,正丙基)、或丁基(例如,正丁基),其任选地被一个或多个卤素取代。
本发明的更优选的化合物包括那些化合物,其中:
R1表示甲基、OR7、或氟原子;
R2和R3独立地表示H或甲基;
Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4独立地表示-CH-或-CF-;
R5表示H、甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、或异丁基;
R6表示正丙基、正丁基、或异丁基,其任选地被至多三个氟原子取代或更优选地被至多三个氟原子封端;
R7表示H或甲基。
本发明的特别优选的化合物包括那些化合物,其中:
R1表示甲基;
R2和R3均表示H;
Y1表示-CH-或-CF-;
Y2、Y3和Y4全部表示-CH-;
R4表示乙基、正丙基、或正丁基,其任选地被至多三个氟原子封端;甲氧基乙基;苄基;2-甲基呋喃基、2-甲基噻吩基、或2-甲基吡啶基;
R5表示H;
R6表示异丁基。
因此,可提及的本发明的优选化合物包括:
呋喃-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻吩基]磺酰基]脲,
噻吩-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻吩基]磺酰脲,
2-甲氧基乙基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻吩基]磺酰脲,
吡啶-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻吩基]磺酰脲,
1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺酰基]-3-(2-吡啶基甲基)脲,
1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺酰基]-3-乙基-脲,或
1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺酰基]-3-(2-噻吩基甲基)脲。
IUPAC名称可以由程序Chemdoodle 8.1.0生成。
本发明的更优选的化合物包括下文所述的实例的化合物。
式I化合物可以根据本领域技术人员所熟知的技术来制备,例如如下文所述。
根据本发明的进一步的方面,提供了一种用于制备式I化合物的方法,该方法包括:
(i)使式II化合物,
其中R1、R2、R3、R6、Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4如前文所定义,并且L表示C1-6烷基或芳基基团(例如,苯基),与式III化合物、或其盐,
NHR4R5 III
其中R4和R5如前文所定义,例如在大约室温或更高温度(例如,至多70℃至110℃)在合适的溶剂(诸如甲苯、乙腈、或二噁烷)和/或合适的碱(诸如三乙胺或4-二甲基氨基吡啶或碳酸钾)存在下反应。
(ii)在其中R5表示H的式I化合物的情况下,使式IV化合物,
其中R1、R2、R3、R6、Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4如前文所定义,与式V化合物,
R4-N=C=O V
其中R4如前文所定义,例如在大约室温或更高温度(例如,至多60℃至70℃)、任选地在氯化亚铜(I)或三氟化硼乙醚和/或合适的碱(例如,吡咯烷子基吡啶、吡啶、三乙胺、三丁胺、三甲胺、二甲基氨基吡啶、二异丙胺、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、或其混合物)和适当的溶剂(例如,吡啶、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、或其混合物)存在下反应。
(iii)在其中R5表示H的式I化合物的情况下,使如前文所定义的式IV化合物与式VI,
其中R4如前文所定义并且X1为合适的离去基团(例如,卤素(例如,氯代或溴代)、-O-C1-6烷基或-O-C1-6芳基(例如,-OPh),例如在微波辐照下在高于室温下在合适的碱(例如,碳酸氢钠、吡咯烷子基吡啶、吡啶、三乙胺、三丁胺、三甲胺、二甲基氨基吡啶、二异丙胺、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、或其混合物)和适当的溶剂(例如,乙腈、吡啶、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、或甲苯)存在下反应。
式II化合物可通过使如前文所定义的式IV化合物与式VII化合物,
其中X1a和X1b各自表示如前文所定义的X1并且可以相同或不同,例如在低于、大约或高于室温(例如,0℃,或至多50℃至70℃)下在合适的碱(如前文所定义)和适当的溶剂(例如,吡啶、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、或甲苯)存在下反应来制备。
式IV化合物可通过使式VIII化合物,
其中R6如前文所定义、或其N-保护的衍生物,并且X2表示合适的交叉偶联基团,与式IX化合物,
其中R1、R2、R3、Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4如前文所定义,并且X3表示合适的交叉偶联基团,反应来制备。以上偶联反应优选地为Suzuki反应,因此可以在标准Suzuki条件下进行,这意味着X2和X3中的一者表示合适的Suzuki交叉偶联基团(或“配偶体”)即硼酸(-B(OH)2)或硼酸酯(例如,MIDA衍生物或频哪醇酯)和卤素基团(诸如碘或溴)中的一者,并且另一个表示其他基团。标准Suzuki条件可应用于该反应,其包括例如存在适当的偶联催化剂体系(例如,钯催化剂,诸如[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)、[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)二氯甲烷络合物、Pd(PPh3)4、或Pd(OAc)2/配体(其中配体可以为例如PPh3、P(o-Tol)3、或1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁))和合适的碱(例如,氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、三乙胺、或二异丙胺)以及合适的溶剂体系(例如,甲苯、乙醇、正丁醇、二甲氧基甲烷、二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇二甲醚、水、二噁烷、或其混合物)。该反应可以在高于室温的温度下(例如,在所用溶剂系统的回流温度下)进行。该反应可以在微波辐照下在高于室温下进行。如果采用式VIII化合物的经保护的形式,则该反应之后可以在标准条件(例如,如下文所述)下对SO2NH-基团脱保护。式VIII化合物与式IX化合物的反应之后还可以进行由此形成的中间体与合适的酸的反应以形成酸加成盐、或更优选地其N-保护的形式。合适的酸加成盐包括延胡索酸盐、三氟乙酸盐和草酸盐。
替代性地,式IV化合物可以通过使式X化合物,
其中R1、R2和R3如前文所定义,与式XI化合物,
其中R6、X1、Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4如前文所定义(X1特别地可以表示溴)或其N-保护的衍生物,例如在大约室温下或低于室温下在合适的碱(例如,吡啶)和适当的有机溶剂(例如,甲苯)存在下反应来制备。如果采用式XI化合物的经保护的形式,则该反应之后可以在标准条件(例如,如下文所述)下对SO2NH-基团脱保护。另外,式IV化合物可以通过这种方式来制备,例如根据或类似于尤其是英国专利申请GB 2281298中所述的方法。
式IX化合物可以通过标准技术来制备,例如通过使如前文所述的式X化合物与式XII化合物,
其中X1、X3、Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4如前文所定义,例如在与前文关于式IV化合物的制备所述的条件类似的那些条件下反应。
式XI化合物在本领域中是已知的。例如,它们可以根据或类似于尤其是美国专利号5,312,820、英国专利申请GB 2281298和/或国际专利申请WO 02/096883中所述的方法来制备。
式VIII化合物在本领域中是已知的。例如,它们可以根据或类似于尤其是国际专利申请WO 02/096883中所述的方法来制备。
式III、V、VI、VII、X和XII的化合物可通过商购获得,在文献中是已知的,或者可以通过与本文所述的方法类似的方法获得,或通过常规合成程序根据标准技术,使用适当的试剂和反应条件由易于获得的起始材料制备。
本领域技术人员将认识到,在上文和下文所述的方法中,中间体化合物的官能团可能需要由保护基团保护。
期望保护的官能团包括磺酰胺基、酰氨基、氨基和醛。磺酰胺基、酰氨基和氨基的合适的保护基团包括叔丁氧基羰基、苄氧基羰基、2-三甲基甲硅烷基乙氧基羰基(Teoc)或叔丁基。醛的合适的保护基团包括醇,诸如甲醇或乙醇、以及二醇(诸如1,3-丙二醇、或优选地1,2-乙二醇)(因此形成环状缩醛)。官能团的保护和脱保护可以在上述方案中的反应之前或之后进行。
保护基团可以根据本领域技术人员所熟知或如后文所述的技术来应用或去除。例如,可以使用标准脱保护技术将本文所述的经保护的化合物/中间体化学转化为未经保护的化合物。所涉及的化学类型将决定保护基团的需求和类型以及完成合成的顺序。保护基团的使用全面描述于以下文献中:“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,第3版,T.W.Greene&P.G.M.Wutz,Wiley-Interscience(1999),文献内容通过引用并入本文。
医学和药物用途
如本文所述,本发明的化合物,并且因此包含这些化合物的组合物和试剂盒是有用的,因为它们具有药理活性,并且/或者在口服或肠胃外施用后在体内代谢以形成具有药理活性的化合物。
因此,根据本发明的进一步的方面,提供了如前文所定义的本发明的化合物,该化合物用作药物(或在药物中使用)。
特别地,本发明的化合物为AT2受体的激动剂。因此,预期本发明的化合物对其中Ang II的内源性产生不足和/或期望或需要AT2受体活性增加的那些病症是有用的。
更特别地,本发明的化合物为AT2受体的激动剂,并且尤其是该亚受体的选择性(相对于AT1受体)激动剂,例如可以由下文所述的测试所证明的。
AT2受体激动剂包括完全活化AT2受体的激动剂以及部分活化AT2受体的激动剂。因此,本发明的化合物可以选择性地结合至AT2受体,并且对AT2受体表现出激动剂活性。“选择性地结合”至AT2受体的化合物包括在给定浓度下对相关化合物的亲和力比(AT2:AT1)为至少50:1,诸如至少100:1,优选地至少1000:1。
进一步预期本发明的化合物可用于其中表达AT2受体并且期望或需要它们的刺激的那些病症。
在这方面,本发明的化合物适用于治疗特征在于血管收缩、纤维化、细胞生长和/或分化增加、心肌收缩力增加、心血管肥大增加和/或液体和电解质潴留的病症、以及皮肤疾患和肌肉骨骼疾患。
本发明的化合物还可以表现出血栓素受体活性。在这方面,本发明的化合物可以对血小板活化和/或聚集具有抑制作用(因此具有例如抗血栓形成作用),并且/或者可以以治疗方式减少血管收缩和/或支气管收缩。
本发明的化合物进一步适用于治疗应激相关疾患,和/或改善微循环和/或黏膜保护机制。
因此,预期本发明的化合物对于以下疾患的治疗是有用的,这些疾患的特征可以如上所示并且为例如胃肠道、心血管系统、呼吸道、肾脏、眼睛、女性生殖(排卵)系统和中枢神经系统(CNS)的疾患。
可提及的胃肠道疾患包括食管炎、巴雷特食管、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、消化不良(包括非溃疡性消化不良)、胃食管反流、肠易激综合征(IBS)、炎症性肠病(IBD)、胰腺炎、肝脏疾患(诸如肝炎)、胆囊疾病、多器官衰竭(MOF)和脓毒症。可提及的其他胃肠道疾患包括口干燥症、胃炎、胃轻瘫、胃酸过多、胆道疾患、乳糜泻、克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎、腹泻、便秘、绞痛、吞咽困难、呕吐、恶心、消化不良和干燥综合征。
可提及的呼吸道疾病包括炎性疾患,诸如哮喘、阻塞性肺疾病(诸如慢性阻塞性肺疾病)、肺炎、肺动脉高压和成人呼吸窘迫综合征。
可提及的肾脏疾患包括肾衰竭、肾炎和肾性高血压。
可提及的眼睛疾患包括糖尿病性视网膜病变、早产儿视网膜病变和视网膜微血管化。
可提及的女性生殖系统疾患包括排卵功能障碍。
可提及的心血管疾病包括高血压、心脏肥大、心力衰竭(包括射血分数保留的心力衰竭)、动脉粥样硬化、动脉血栓形成、静脉血栓形成、内皮功能障碍、内皮病变、球囊扩张后狭窄、血管生成、糖尿病并发症、微血管功能障碍、心绞痛、心律失常、间歇性跛行、子痫前期、心肌梗死、再梗死、缺血性病变、勃起功能障碍和新生内膜增殖。
可提及的CNS疾患包括认知功能障碍、食物摄入(饥饿/饱腹感)和口渴功能障碍、卒中、脑出血、脑栓塞和脑梗死、多发性硬化症(MS)、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。
本发明的化合物还可用于调节生长代谢和增殖,例如用于治疗衰老、肥大性疾患、前列腺增生、自身免疫疾病(例如,关节炎,诸如类风湿性关节炎或系统性红斑狼疮)、银屑病、肥胖、神经元再生、溃疡愈合、脂肪组织增生抑制、干细胞分化和增殖、纤维化疾病、癌症(例如,在胃肠道(包括食道或胃)、前列腺、乳腺、肝脏、肾脏中的癌症或其本身的癌症,以及淋巴癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、血液系统恶性肿瘤等)、细胞凋亡、肿瘤(一般)和肥大、糖尿病、神经元病变和器官排斥。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗卒中、脊髓损伤、镰状细胞病、肌营养不良、癌症治疗相关的心脏毒性、周围神经病变以及(特别是)系统性硬化病。
本发明的化合物特别适用于治疗和/或预防ILD,诸如结节病或纤维化,更具体地肺纤维化(并且特别是IPF),以及可能引发ILD的病症(诸如系统性硬化病、类风湿性关节炎、肌炎或系统性红斑狼疮)或以其他方式与ILD相关联的病症(诸如肺动脉高压和/或动脉性肺动脉高压)。
本发明的化合物特别地可用于治疗肺纤维化,特别是IPF。
根据本发明的进一步的方面,提供了一种治疗肺纤维化(并且特别是IPF)的方法,该方法包括向罹患此类病症的人施用治疗有效量的本发明的化合物。
在肺纤维化(包括IPF)的治疗中,本发明的化合物可以具有抗纤维化作用,减少纤维化并且防止细胞外基质的进一步沉积。本发明的化合物可以减少肺瘢痕形成/伤口愈合并且还具有抗细胞凋亡作用,从而防止肺泡内皮细胞的细胞凋亡(该细胞凋亡是肺纤维化发展的起始因素)。本发明的化合物还可以具有抗增殖作用,因而减少肺纤维化中成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞的类癌症增殖。本发明的化合物还可以改善肺纤维化中的血管重塑,从而减少继发性肺动脉高压。最后,本发明的化合物可以表现出抗炎、抗生长因子(例如,转化生长因子β)和/或抗细胞因子作用。
此外,本发明的化合物还可以用于治疗或预防以纤维结缔组织的过度积累为特征的一个或多个内脏器官的任何纤维化病症,和/或用于治疗或预防纤维发生以及可能与之相关联的发病率和死亡率。此类纤维化可能与急性炎症病症(诸如急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)以及多器官炎症、损伤和/或衰竭(其可能由内部或外部创伤(例如,受伤)引起或感染引起)相关联。
因此,此类病症可能是由病毒、细菌或真菌感染(例如,病毒性呼吸道感染)引起的脓毒症或脓毒症休克引起的。此外,急性肺损伤、ARDS(特别是SARS)可能是由病毒(诸如冠状病毒,包括新型SARS冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2))引起的,其可能导致内部组织损伤和/或相关内部(例如,黏膜)组织(诸如呼吸道上皮)功能障碍,从而导致病毒诱发性肺炎、肺功能受损、呼吸功能障碍、窘迫和/或衰竭。此类组织损伤还可能导致重度纤维化。例如,已知由新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的SARS疾病(冠状病毒病2019或COVID-19)在许多情况下导致纤维化。
本发明的化合物特别可用于治疗其中期望或需要活化AT2受体但不期望抑制一种或多种CYP酶的疾病或病症。
在本发明的替代实施例中,提供了式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制造药物中的用途,该药物在治疗其中期望或需要活化AT2受体但其中不期望抑制CYP酶的疾病和病症中使用。
“其中期望或需要活化AT2受体但其中不期望抑制CYP酶的疾病和病症”包括已知能够通过活化AT2受体来治疗的疾病或病症,诸如下文提到的那些,但其中此类病症的现有治疗可以包括施用由CYP代谢的其他治疗剂。因此,此类疾病或病症可以包括其中对至少一种CYP酶的抑制是不需要的、有利的和/或期望的病症,或其中此类抑制对患者有害或将会有害的病症。
其中期望或需要活化AT2受体但其中不期望抑制CYP酶的特定疾病和病症为间质性肺疾病(例如,肺纤维化、IPF、系统性硬化病和结节病)、自身免疫疾病(例如,类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、多发性硬化症、银屑病和炎症性肠病)、慢性肾脏疾病(例如,糖尿病肾病)、肺动脉高压、动脉性肺动脉高压、子痫前期和/或梗死(例如,心肌梗死和卒中)。因此,本发明的化合物特别地可用于治疗:间质性肺疾病,诸如IPF;自身免疫疾病,诸如类风湿性关节炎;慢性肾脏疾病,诸如糖尿病肾病;肺动脉高压,包括动脉性肺动脉高压;子痫前期;和/或梗死,诸如心肌梗死。
根据本发明的进一步的方面,提供了一种治疗其中期望或需要活化AT2受体但其中不期望抑制CYP酶的特定疾病和病症(诸如肺纤维化,特别是IPF)的方法,该方法包括向患有相关病症的人施用治疗有效量的本发明的化合物。
本发明的化合物适用于任何以下病症的治疗性、姑息性和/或诊断性治疗、以及预防性治疗(包括预防和/或消除病症的恶化和/或加重)状况。
本发明的化合物通常将以药学上可接受的剂型(在溶液中、在混悬剂中、在乳剂(包括纳米混悬剂)中或在脂质体制剂中)口服、静脉内、皮下、口腔、直肠、皮肤、经鼻、气管、支气管、通过任何其他肠胃外途径、或经由吸入或肺部途径、或其任何组合来施用。另外的施用方法包括但不限于动脉内、肌内、腹膜内、门静脉内、皮内、硬膜外、鞘内施用、或其任何组合。
在一些实施例中,本发明的化合物可以使用不同的施用途径单独(例如,分别)、和/或依次、和/或在相同时间平行(例如,同时)施用,但优选地通过已知的药物制剂(包括用于口服施用的片剂、胶囊或酏剂,用于直肠施用的栓剂,用于肠胃外或肌内施用或经由吸入的无菌溶液、混悬剂或乳剂等来施用。通过吸入施用优选地通过使用雾化器来完成,从而将本发明的化合物递送至小的肺组织(包括肺泡和细支气管),优选地不会在接受治疗的受试者中引起刺激或咳嗽。
优选地,治疗有效量的本发明的化合物的施用通过施用途径的组合分别(例如,彼此相隔约2小时或更多小时)、依次(例如,彼此相隔约2小时以内)、或在相同时间平行(例如,同时)进行,包括经由吸入和口服,以实现有效的剂量。
在一些实施例中,提供了一种治疗其中期望或需要活化AT2受体的疾病或病症(以及其中不期望抑制CYP酶的此类疾病或病症)的方法,该疾病或病症包括肺纤维化并且特别是IPF,该方法包括通过施用途径的组合分别、依次或在相同时间平行(优选地经由吸入和口服)向需要此类疗法的患者施用治疗有效量的本发明的化合物,以便实现有效的量或剂量。
施用途径的此类组合,优选地经由吸入和口服,可以作为针对每种施用途径优化的本发明的化合物的单独制剂来呈现。
此类制剂可以根据标准和/或公认的制药实践来制备。
因此,根据本发明的进一步的方面,提供了一种药物制剂,其包含本发明的化合物,本发明的化合物与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合。
本发明的化合物可以与本领域中已知的其他AT2激动剂(诸如C21)组合、以及与本领域已知的AT1受体拮抗剂组合、和/或与血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制剂组合施用。可根据实施例使用的AT1受体拮抗剂的例示性但非限制性的实例包括阿齐沙坦、坎地沙坦、依普罗沙坦、非马沙坦、厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦、米法沙坦、奥美沙坦、波米沙坦、普拉托沙坦、利匹亚沙坦、沙普沙坦、他索沙坦、替米沙坦、缬沙坦、和/或其组合。可根据实施例的使用的ACE抑制剂的例示性但非限制性的实例包括卡托普利、佐芬普利、依那普利、雷米普利、喹那普利、培哚普利、赖诺普利、贝那普利、咪达普利、群多普利、福辛普利、莫昔普利、西拉普利、螺普利、替莫普利、阿拉普利、西罗普利、地来普利、莫维普利、和/或其组合。
可以与本发明的化合物组合施用的其他活性成分包括色甘酸二钠;内皮素受体拮抗剂,诸如波生坦、安立生坦、西他生坦和马西替坦;PDE5抑制剂,诸如西地那非和他达拉非:前列环素(依前列醇)及其类似物,诸如伊洛前列素和曲前列环素;其他生物制剂,包括干扰素γ-1b、依那西普、英夫利昔单抗和阿达木单抗;和甲氨蝶呤。可以与本发明的化合物共同施用的正在开发的进一步的活性成分包括潘瑞鲁单抗(pamrevlumab;抗CTGF,Fibrogen);GLPG1690(自分泌运动因子抑制剂,Galapagos)、TD139(半乳糖凝集素-3抑制剂,Galecto)、PRM-151(重组五聚蛋白-2,Promedior)、BBT-877(自分泌运动因子抑制剂,Boehringer/Bridge)、CC-90001(JNK抑制剂,Celgene)、PBI-4050(双GPR40激动剂/GPR84拮抗剂,Prometic)、BMS–986020(溶血磷脂酸受体拮抗剂,BMS)、RVT-1601(肥大细胞稳定剂,Respivant)、SMO4646(wnt信号抑制剂,United Therapeutics)、KD25(Rho相关激酶抑制剂,Kadmon Holdings)、BG00011(整合素拮抗剂,Biogen)、PLN-74809(整合素拮抗剂,PilantTherapeutics)、塞卡替尼(Saracatinib;src激酶抑制剂,AstraZeneca)、PAT-1251(赖氨酰氧化酶抑制剂2,PharmAkea)、ABM-125(IL-25MAB,Abeome)和TA5-115(多激酶抑制剂,Otsuka)。
在本发明的进一步的方面,本发明的化合物当与其他治疗剂在联合疗法中组合以治疗各种病症(包括前文提及的那些)时特别有用。由于本发明的化合物表现出极小的CYP酶抑制作用,因此当用于相关病症的其他治疗剂本身被CYP酶代谢时,此类的组合是特别有利的。
因此,当待治疗的病症为本领域中已知的间质性肺疾病(诸如IPF)、系统性硬化病或纤维化疾病时,本发明的化合物优选地与半乳糖凝集素-3抑制剂、溶血磷脂酸受体1(LPA1)拮抗剂、自分泌运动因子(ATX)抑制剂、重组人五聚蛋白-2蛋白或用于此类治疗的既定疗法(包括但不限于吡非尼酮和/或尼达尼布)组合施用。优选地,本发明的化合物的组合是与吡非尼酮或其药学上可接受的盐(已知该化合物被CYP酶诸如CYP1A代谢)的组合。
进一步,当待治疗的病症为慢性肾脏相关疾病时,本发明的化合物优选地与一种或多种也用于此类治疗的其他药物(诸如厄贝沙坦和/或托拉塞米,已知这些化合物被CYP酶诸如CYP2C9代谢)组合施用。
当待治疗的病症为肺动脉高压时,本发明的化合物优选地与一种或多种也用于此类治疗的其他药物(诸如塞来西帕和/或西地那非,已知这些化合物被CYP酶诸如CYP3A4代谢)组合施用。
当待治疗或预防的病症为心肌梗死和/或卒中相关疾病时,本发明的化合物优选地与一种或多种也用于此类治疗的其他药物(诸如普萘洛尔、华法林、氯吡格雷、阿托伐他汀、西洛他唑、利多卡因和/或辛伐他汀、或其药学上可接受的盐,已知这些化合物被CYP酶诸如CYP1A、CYP2CP和/或CYP3A4代谢)组合施用。
当待治疗的病症为自身免疫疾病诸如类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症或银屑病时,本发明的化合物优选地与一种或多种也用于此类治疗的其他药物(包括但不限于非甾体抗炎药(NSAID),诸如萘普生、塞来昔布、美洛昔康或其类似物(例如,吡罗昔康)或吲哚美辛;或药物诸如替扎尼定、环磷酰胺、环孢菌素、地夫可特和/或氢化可的松、利鲁唑、或其药学上可接受的盐,已知这些化合物被CYP酶诸如CYP1A、CYP2CP、CYP2C19和/或CYP3A4代谢)组合施用。
因此,本发明的化合物特别可用于治疗其中期望或需要活化AT2受体但不期望抑制CYP酶的疾病或病症,因此可以与前文提到的通过CYP酶途径代谢、有用或可以有用的其他治疗剂中的一者或多者组合施用以治疗疾病(包括前文所提及的那些),这些治疗剂包括吡非尼酮、萘普生、普萘洛尔、利鲁唑、替扎尼定、华法林、塞来昔布、氯吡格雷、厄贝沙坦、美洛昔康、吡罗昔康、托拉塞米、环磷酰胺、吲哚美辛、阿托伐他汀、西洛他唑、环孢菌素、地夫可特、氢化可的松、利多卡因、塞来西帕、西地那非和/或辛伐他汀。最优选地,本发明的化合物与吡非尼酮组合施用以治疗间质性肺疾病(诸如IPF)。
可以与本发明的化合物联合使用的治疗剂包括针对病毒感染的各种应用的标准治疗,包括抗体疗法(例如LY-CoV555/LY-CoV016(巴尼韦单抗(bamlanivimab)和埃特司韦单抗(etesevimab))、LY-CoV555(巴尼韦单抗,Eli Lilly)、REGN-COV2(卡西瑞单抗(casirivimab)和伊德单抗(imdevimab))、REGN3048-3051、TZLS-501、SNG001(Synairgen)、依库珠单抗(Soliris;Alexion Pharmaceuticals)、雷夫利珠单抗(Ultomiris;AlexionPharmaceuticals)、伦齐鲁单抗(lenzilumab)、乐龙单抗(leronlimab)、托珠单抗(tocilizumab)(Actemra;Roche)、沙利鲁单抗(sarilumab)(Kevzara;Regeneron Pharma)和Octagam(Octapharma))、抗病毒药物(例如,奥司他韦、瑞德西韦、法维拉韦、莫努匹韦(molnupiravir)、西咪匹韦(simeprevir)、达克拉韦(daclatasvir)、索非布韦(sofosbuvir)、利巴韦林、乌非诺韦、洛匹那韦、利托那韦、洛匹那韦/利托那韦(Kaletra;AbbVie Deutschland GmbH Co.KG)、替考拉宁、巴瑞替尼(Olumiant;Eli Lilly)、鲁索替尼(Jakavi;Novartis)、托法替尼(Xeljanz;Pfizer)、TMPRSS2抑制剂卡莫司他或甲磺酸卡莫司他、Actemra(Roche)、AT-100(rhSP-D)、MK-7110(CD24Fc;Merck))、OYA1(OyaGen9)、BPI-002(BeyondSpring),NP-120(Ifenprodil;Algernon Pharmaceuticals)和加利德西韦(Biocryst Pharma)、抗炎剂(例如,NSAID,诸如布洛芬、酮咯酸、萘普生等)、氯喹、羟氯喹、干扰素(例如,干扰素β(干扰素β-1a)、托珠单抗(Actemra)、来那度胺、泊马度胺和沙利度胺)、镇痛药(例如,扑热息痛或阿片类药物)、镇咳药剂(例如,右美沙芬)、疫苗接种(例如,INO-4800,由Inovio Pharmaceuticals和北京艾棣维欣生物技术股份公司提供(如有))、COVID-19恢复期血浆(CCP)、和/或使用SARS-CoV或SARS-CoV-2感染康复者血液中的抗体的被动抗体疗法。
可提及的进一步的治疗剂包括抗纤维化药物(例如,尼达尼布,并且特别是吡非尼酮)、维生素(例如,维生素B、维生素C和维生素D)和粘液溶解剂(诸如乙酰半胱氨酸和氨溴索)。
可以与根据本发明的化合物或其根据本发明的药学上可接受的盐联合使用的其他治疗剂包括皮质类固醇。皮质类固醇包括天然存在的皮质类固醇和合成皮质类固醇。
可提及的天然存在的皮质类固醇包括:皮质醇(氢化可的松)、醛固酮、皮质酮、可的松、孕烯醇酮、黄体酮;以及皮质类固醇生物合成中天然存在的前体和中间体;以及天然存在的皮质类固醇的其他衍生物,诸如11-脱氧皮质醇、21-脱氧皮质醇、11-脱氢皮质酮、11-脱氧皮质酮、18-羟基-11-脱氧皮质酮、18-羟基皮质酮、21-脱氧可的松、11β-羟基孕烯醇酮、11β,17α,21-三羟基孕烯醇酮、17α,21-二羟基孕烯醇酮、17α-羟基孕烯醇酮、21-羟基孕烯醇酮、11-酮孕酮、11β-羟基孕酮、17α-羟基孕酮和18-羟基孕酮。
可提及的合成皮质类固醇包括氢化可的松型的那些(A组),诸如醋酸可的松、丙酮酸氢化可的松、醋酸氢化可的松、丁酸氢化可的松、丁酸氢化可的松、戊酸氢化可的松、替可的松和新戊酸替可的松、泼尼松龙、甲泼尼龙、强的松、氯泼尼松、氯泼尼醇、二氟泼尼酯、氟氢可的松、氟轻松、氟培龙、氟泼尼松龙、氯替泼诺、泼尼卡酯和曲安西龙;丙酮化合物及相关物质(B组),诸如安西奈德、布地奈德、地奈德、醋酸氟轻松、氟轻松、哈西奈德、曲安奈德、环索奈德、地夫可特、福莫考他、氟羟考肽、氟尼缩松和氟轻松;(β)倍他米松型的那些(C组),诸如倍氯米松、倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松和戊酸倍他米松、地塞米松、氟可龙、卤米松、莫米松和糠酸莫米松、阿氯米松和二丙酸阿氯米松、氯倍他索和丙酸氯倍他索、氯倍他松和丁酸氯倍他松、氯可托龙、去羟米松、双氟拉松、双氟考龙、氟氯龙、氟米松、氟皮质素、氟泼尼汀和醋酸氟泼尼汀、氟替卡松、糠酸氟替卡松和丙酸氟替卡松、甲泼尼龙、帕拉米松、泼尼立定、利美索龙和乌倍他索;黄体酮型的那些,诸如氟孕酮、氟米龙、甲地松和醋酸孕二醇,以及黄体酮衍生物(孕激素),诸如醋酸氯地孕酮、醋酸环丙孕酮、美屈孕酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮和醋酸赛孕酮;以及其他皮质类固醇,诸如可的伐唑和6-甲基-11β,17β-二羟基-17α-(1-丙炔基)雄甾-1,4,6-三烯-3-酮。
优选的皮质类固醇包括可的松、强的松、泼尼松龙、甲基泼尼松龙,并且尤其是地塞米松。
进一步,可以与本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐联合使用的治疗剂包括H2受体阻滞剂、抗凝剂、抗血小板药物、以及他汀类药物、抗微生物剂和抗过敏/抗哮喘药物。
可提及的H2受体阻滞剂包括法莫替丁。可提及的抗凝剂包括肝素和低分子量肝素(例如,贝米肝素、那屈肝素、瑞维肝素、依诺肝素、帕肝素、西托肝素、达肝素、亭扎肝素);直接作用的口服抗凝剂(例如,达比加群、阿加曲班、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班、依度沙班、贝曲沙班、达雷沙班、奥米沙班、来他沙班、艾瑞巴沙班(eribaxaban)、水蛭素、来匹卢定和比伐卢定);香豆素型维生素K拮抗剂(例如,香豆素、醋硝香豆素、苯丙香豆素、阿托门汀和苯茚二酮)以及Xa因子的合成五糖抑制剂(例如,磺达肝癸钠、艾屈肝素(idraparinux)和生物素化艾屈肝素(idrabiotaparinux))。可提及的抗血小板药物包括不可逆环氧合酶抑制剂(例如,阿司匹林和三氟柳);二磷酸腺苷受体抑制剂(例如,坎格瑞洛、氯吡格雷、普拉格雷、替格瑞洛和噻氯匹定);磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(例如,西洛他唑);蛋白酶活化受体1拮抗剂(例如,沃拉帕沙);糖蛋白IIB/IIIA抑制剂(例如,阿昔单抗、依替巴肽和替罗非班);腺苷再摄取抑制剂(例如,双嘧达莫);以及血栓素抑制剂(例如,特鲁曲班、雷马曲班、塞曲司特和吡考酰胺)。可提及的他汀类药物包括阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀和瑞舒伐他汀。可提及的抗微生物剂包括阿奇霉素、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、强力霉素、氟康唑、哌拉西林、他唑巴坦和替考拉宁。可提及的抗过敏/抗哮喘药物包括扑尔敏、左西替利嗪和孟鲁司特。
因此,受试者还可以(和/或可能已经)接受任何如上所述的其他治疗剂中的一种或多种,这意味着在用本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐治疗之前、之外和/或之后接受规定剂量的那些其他治疗剂中的一种或多种。
当本发明的化合物与前文所述的其他治疗剂“组合”时,活性成分可以在相同制剂中一起施用,或在不同制剂中单独(同时或顺序)施用。
此类组合产品提供本发明的化合物与其他治疗剂的联合施用,因此可以作为单独的制剂呈现,其中那些制剂中的至少一种包含本发明的化合物,并且至少一种包含其他治疗剂;或者可以作为组合制剂呈现(即,配制)(即,以包括本发明的化合物和其他治疗剂的单一制剂呈现)。
因此,进一步提供了:
(1)一种药物制剂,其包含:本发明的化合物;选自上述那些的治疗剂(例如,已知被CYP酶代谢的治疗剂);以及药学上可接受的赋形剂(例如,佐剂、稀释剂或载体),该制剂在下文中被称为“组合制剂”;以及
(2)一种多部件试剂盒,该多部件试剂盒包括以下组分:
(A)药物制剂,其包含本发明的化合物,该化合物与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合;以及
(B)药物制剂,其包含选自上述那些的治疗剂(例如,已知被CYP酶代谢的治疗剂),该治疗剂与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合,
其中组分(A)和(B)各自以适合于与另一种联合施用的形式提供。
在本发明的进一步的方面,提供了一种用于制备如前文所定义的组合制剂的方法,该方法包括将本发明的化合物、其他治疗剂和至少一种(例如,药学上可接受的)赋形剂结合在一起。
在本发明的进一步的方面,提供了一种用于制备如前文所定义的多部件试剂盒的方法,该方法包括将组分(A)和(B)结合在一起。如本文所用,对联合的提及将意指使两种组分适合于彼此联合施用。
因此,关于用于制备如前文所定义的多部件试剂盒的方法,使两种组分彼此“结合在一起”,包括多部件试剂盒的两种组分可以:
(i)作为单独的制剂(即,彼此独立)提供,随后将其聚集在一起,以在联合疗法中彼此结合使用;或者
(ii)作为“组合包”的单独组分一起包装和呈现,以在联合疗法中彼此结合使用。
因此,进一步提供了一种多部件试剂盒,该多部件试剂盒包括:
(I)如本文所定义的组分(A)和(B)中的一者;还有
(II)将两种组分中的一种组分与另一种组分结合的使用说明书。
根据待治疗的患者和施用途径,本发明的化合物可以以不同的剂量施用。尽管剂量因患者而异,但以单剂量或多剂量施用时,合适的日剂量在每位患者约0.1mg至约1000mg的范围内(例如,0.1mg、0.5mg、1mg、2mg、5mg、10mg、15mg、20mg、25mg、30mg、35mg、40mg、45mg、50mg、75mg、100mg、150mg、200mg、250mg、300mg、350mg、400mg、450mg、500mg、550mg、600mg、650mg、700mg、750mg、800mg、850mg、900mg、950mg、1000mg等,或其中的任何范围或值)。更优选的日剂量在每位患者约0.1mg至约250mg的范围内(例如,0.2mg、0.3mg、0.4mg、0.5mg、1mg、1.5mg、2mg、2.5mg、3mg、3.5mg、4mg、4.5mg、5mg、5.5mg、6mg、6.5mg、7mg、7.5mg、8mg、8.5mg、9mg、9.5mg、10mg、15mg、20mg、25mg、30mg、35mg、40mg、45mg、50mg、55mg、60mg、65mg、70mg、75mg、80mg、85mg、90mg、95mg、100mg、110mg、120mg、130mg、140mg、150mg、160mg、170mg、180mg、190mg、200mg、210mg、220mg、230mg、240mg、250mg等,或其中的任何范围或值)。特别优选的日剂量在每位患者约0.3至约100mg的范围内。
本发明的化合物的单个剂量可以在约0.1mg至约100mg的范围内(例如,0.3mg、0.5mg、1mg、2mg、3mg、4mg、5mg、6mg、7mg、8mg、9mg、10mg、11mg、12mg、13mg、14mg、15mg、16mg、17mg、18mg、19mg、20mg、25mg、30mg、35mg、40mg、45mg、50mg、55mg、60mg、65mg、70mg、75mg、80mg、85mg、90mg、95mg、100mg等,或其中的任何范围或值)。
在任何情况下,医师或技术人员都将能够确定最适合个体患者的实际剂量,该剂量可能随待治疗的病症、以及待治疗的特定患者的年龄、体重、性别和反应而变化。上文提及的剂量是平均情况的示例;当然,可以存在其中需要更高或更低剂量范围的单独的情况,并且这在本发明的范围内。
经由分别和/或依次和/或在相同时间平行地组合施用途径使用本发明的化合物的益处在于为需要该疗法的患者产生定制的治疗,具有预防和/或减少副作用的可能性,并且还调整治疗有效量的本发明的化合物的正确剂量水平。
本文所述的多部件试剂盒可包括多于一种包含适当量/剂量的本发明的化合物的制剂,和/或多于一种包含适当量/剂量的其他治疗剂的制剂,以便提供重复给药。如果存在多于一种制剂(包含任一活性化合物),此类制剂可以是相同的,或者可以在任一化合物的剂量、化学组合物和/或物理形式方面是不同的。
关于本文所述的多部件试剂盒,“联合施用”包括在相关病症的治疗过程中依次、分别和/或同时施用包含本发明的化合物和其他治疗剂的相应制剂。
因此,关于根据本发明的组合产品,术语“联合施用”包括该组合产品的两种组分(本发明的化合物和其他治疗剂)一起施用(任选地重复),或者在时间上足够接近,以使得在相关病症的治疗过程中能够对患者产生有益的效果,该效果比包含本发明的化合物的制剂或包含其他药剂的制剂在相同的治疗过程中在不存在其他组分的情况下单独施用(任选地重复)时更大。确定组合关于特定病症或在特定病症的治疗过程中是否提供更大的有益效果,将取决于待治疗或预防的病症,但可以由技术人员常规地实现。
进一步,在根据本发明的多部件试剂盒的上下文中,术语“联合”包括两种制剂中的一种或另一种可以在施用其他组分之前、之后和/或在相同时间施用(任选地重复)。当在此上下文中使用时,术语“同时施用”和“在相同时间施用”包括在彼此间隔48小时(例如,24小时)内施用本发明的相关化合物和其他抗炎剂的单个剂量。
如本文所述的药物组合物/制剂、组合产品和试剂盒可以根据标准和/或公认的制药实践来制备。
因此,在本发明的进一步的方面,提供了一种用于制备如前文所定义的药物组合物/制剂的方法,该方法包括将如前文所定义的本发明的某些化合物与一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂(例如,佐剂、稀释剂和/或载体)结合在一起。
在本发明的进一步的方面,提供了一种用于制备如前文所定义的组合产品或多部件试剂盒的方法,该方法包括将如前文所定义的本发明的某些化合物与可用于治疗相关疾病或疾患的其他治疗剂以及至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂结合在一起。
适合用本发明的制剂治疗的受试者包括但不限于哺乳动物受试者,特别是人类受试者。
当在本文中关于具体值(诸如量)使用时,术语“约”(或类似术语,诸如“大约”)将被理解为指示此类值可以在所定义的值的基础上变化至多10%(特别地,至多5%,诸如至多1%)。设想到在每种情况下此类术语可以用符号“±10%”等替代(或者通过指示基于相关值计算的具体量的方差)。还设想到在每种情况下此类术语可以被删除。
本发明的化合物具有以下优势:它们比前文所提及的CYP酶更强效、和/或对代谢水解稳定、和/或不抑制前文所提及的CYP酶。
本发明的化合物还可以具有以下优势:无论是用于治疗IPF还是其他用途,它们可以比现有技术已知的化合物更有效、毒性更小、作用时间更长、更强效、产生更少的副作用、更容易吸收、和/或具有更好的药代动力学特征(例如,更高的口服生物利用度和/或更低的清除率)、和/或具有其他有用的药理学、物理或化学特性。此类效应可以由医疗保健专业人员、治疗受试者或观察者临床地、客观地和/或主观地评估。
实例
将参照以下实例进一步描述本发明,但这些实例并非旨在限制本发明的范围。
如果名称与图形化地描绘的任何化合物之间存在差异,则以后者为准(除非与可能给出的任何实验细节相矛盾,或除非从上下文中可以清楚地看出)。
实验程序
在本文所述的化合物的合成中使用的起始材料和中间体可通过商购获得,或者可通过本文所述的方法或通过本领域中已知的方法来制备。
实验通常在惰性气氛(氮气或氩气)下进行,特别是在使用对氧或水分敏感的试剂或中间体的情况下。
质谱数据由液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)报告。NMR数据的化学位移参考所用氘代溶剂的残留峰以百万分之一(ppm,δ)表达。
对于参考一般程序的合成,反应条件(诸如反应长度或温度)可能有所不同。一般来说,反应后进行薄层色谱法或LC-MS分析,并且当适当时经受后处理。纯化在实验之间可能有所不同:一般来说,选择用于洗脱液/梯度的溶剂和溶剂比率,以提供适当的Rf和/或保留时间。一些产物是使用超临界流体色谱法(例如在反相柱上使用具有流动相A(CO2)和B(MeOH/H2O/NH3)的溶剂组合)进行纯化的。一些化合物是使用制备型HPLC、快速柱色谱法或带有H2O/MeCN极性的手动C18反相柱进行纯化的。
实例
实例1
呋喃-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻
吩基]磺酰基]脲
(a)1-[(4-溴苯基)甲基]-2-叔丁基咪唑
在0℃下将NaH(0.184g,8.0mmol,2当量)加入2-叔丁基-1H-咪唑(0.497g,4.0mmol,1当量)在DMF(0.27M)中的搅拌溶液中。20min后,加入1-溴-4-(溴甲基)苯(1.05g,4.2mmol,1.05当量)。使所得混合物温热至环境温度并且搅拌过夜,然后用水(15mL)淬灭。将产物用乙酸乙酯(3×25mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,经无水MgSO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。得到标题化合物,其为固体,产率为99%(1.16g,0.396mmol)。
(b)5-溴-N-(叔丁基)噻吩-2-磺酰胺
将5-溴噻吩-2-磺酰氯(1mmol,1当量)溶于DCM(2mL)中,并且加入叔丁胺(1.1mmol,1.1当量),并且将反应混合物搅拌2-4小时。将副标题产物通过快速柱(在异己烷中的20% EtOAc)分离,其为无色固体。
(c)N-叔丁基-5-异丁基噻吩-2-磺酰胺
副标题产物是根据以下方法A和B制备的。
方法A:将氯化锌(1.9M,在2-甲基四氢呋喃中)加入干燥的小瓶中并且加盖。缓慢加入异丁基氯化镁(2.0M,在THF中)并且将混合物搅拌15分钟。将5-溴-N-(叔丁基)噻吩-2-磺酰胺(来自以上步骤(b))和Pd(tBu3P)2溶于干燥的THF(0.75mL)中并且加入小瓶中。将反应混合物在微波辐照下在80℃下加热30分钟。
方法B:在氮气下,将Pd(OAc)2与Xantphos在经脱气的THF中合并。搅拌5分钟后,在氮气下将溶液转移至含有5-溴-N-(叔丁基)噻吩-2-磺酰胺和异丁基溴化锌的单独容器中。将密封的容器在80℃下搅拌18小时。
在方法A和B两者中,冷却至室温后,将反应混合物过滤并且将固体用DCM洗涤。通过旋转蒸发去除溶剂,并且将副标题化合物通过柱色谱法(在异己烷中的20% EtOAc)纯化,其为无色固体。
(d)N-(叔丁基)-5-异丁基-3-(6-甲基-4,8-二氧代-1,3,6,2-二氧氮杂硼烷-2- 基)噻吩-2-磺酰胺
将N-叔丁基-5-异丁基噻吩-2-磺酰胺(1.00g,3.65mmol;来自以上步骤(c))溶于干燥THF中并且转移至干燥的三颈圆底烧瓶中。将烧瓶抽真空三次并且置于惰性气氛下。将混合物冷却至-78℃并且逐滴加入n-BuLi(7.59mL,19.0mmol,4.74当量)。将混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟,然后将其转移至冰浴并且在0℃下搅拌45分钟,以得到橙色溶液。将混合物再次置于干冰浴中并且使用注射器在5分钟内加入硼酸三异丙酯(2.53mL,10.9mmol)。将溶液搅拌15分钟,然后将其转移回冰浴并且搅拌1h,在此期间观察到白色沉淀的形成。
向现在呈白色并且不透明的溶液中加入2M HCl(水溶液;20mL),并且将溶液搅拌15分钟。进行混合物的部分蒸发,以去除存在的大部分THF。将剩余混合物用水(10mL)稀释并且用DCM(3×25mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥并且在减压下去除溶剂。
将粗硼酸溶于DMSO(2mL)和甲苯(30mL)中。加入甲基亚氨基二乙酸(0.748g,5.09mmol)并且将混合物回流3h。使反应混合物在1h内冷却至室温。
将混合物用EtOAc(100mL)稀释,随后用0.1MHCl水溶液(3×50mL)洗涤。将有机层用MgSO4干燥并且在减压下去除溶剂。将粗产物通过FCC(在异己烷中的10%至100%乙酸乙酯)纯化,以得到产物,该产物为浅黄色无定形固体(1.56g,产率77%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ6.87(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),5.20(s,1H),3.98(m,4H),2.82(s,3H),2.66(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.89(m,1H),1.25(s,9H),0.93(d,J=6.6Hz,6H)。
(e)3-(4-((2-(叔丁基)-1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基)苯基)-5-异丁基噻吩-2-磺酰胺
将N-(叔丁基)-5-异丁基-3-(6-甲基-4,8-二氧代-1,3,6,2-二氧氮杂硼烷-2-基)噻吩-2-磺酰胺(来自以上步骤(d);0.451g,1.05mmol)、K2CO3(0.415g,3.00mmol,3当量)、1-[(4-溴苯基)甲基]-2-叔丁基-咪唑(参见以上步骤(a);0.293g,1.0mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(57.8g,0.50mmol,0.05当量)悬浮于经脱气的甲苯(6mL)、乙醇(2mL)和水(1mL)中。将所得反应混合物在微波辐照下在120℃下搅拌60min,然后使其冷却至环境温度,加入水(10mL),并且将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(2×25mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(25mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且浓缩。将粗产物通过FCC(在CH2Cl2中的0%至10% MeOH)纯化,以得到副标题化合物,该副标题化合物为浅黄色无定形固体(0.364g,两步产率75%,纯度90%)。1H-NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.53(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.31(s,1H),7.19–6.93(m,3H),6.69(s,1H),5.76(s,br.,2H),5.46(s,2H),2.61(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.12–1.78(m,1H),1.49(s,9H),0.92(d,J=6.6,6H)。
(f)呋喃-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]-苯基]- 2-噻吩基]磺酰基]脲
将3-(4-((2-(叔丁基)-1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基)苯基)-5-异丁基噻吩-2-磺酰胺(来自以上步骤(f);0.12mmol,1当量)和氯化亚铜(I)(0.02mmol,15摩尔%)在室温溶于干燥DMF中,并且在氩气气氛下加入2-(异氰酸根合甲基)呋喃(0.35mmol,2.5当量)并且将反应混合物搅拌24h。反应完成后,将粗混合物倒入0.1N HCl水溶液中,用乙酸乙酯(25mL)稀释,并且使有机相和水相分离。将水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取两次,将合并的有机相用盐水(20mL)洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并且在真空中蒸发溶剂,以得到粗产物。将粗产物用制备型HPLC(在水中的20%至90%乙腈)纯化,并且获得粗产物,该产物为白色无定形固体(36mg,产率56%)。1H-NMR(400MHz,乙腈-d3)δ7.51(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.12(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.90(brs,2H),6.85(brs,1H),6.35(dd,J=3.2,1.9Hz,1H),6.22–6.11(m,2H),5.42(s,2H),4.20(d,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.75(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.97–1.95(m,1H),1.42(s,9H),1.01(d,J=6.6Hz,6H)。13C-NMR(101MHz,乙腈-d3)δ154.4,153.2,142.5,138.0,137.9,134.6,130.1,130.0,126.9,126.8,124.6,123.2,111.1,110.9,108.1,107.3,51.2,39.1,37.0,33.8,30.9,29.5,22.0。HRMS(ESI):C28H35N4O4S2 +[M+H]+计算值555.2094;发现值:555.2107。
当测量乙腈-d3中的1H NMR(上文)时,观察到质子峰中的一者被乙腈溶剂残留峰(1.97–1.95(m,1H)处的峰)掩盖。因此,还测量MeOD中的1H NMR。1H-NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.46(brs,2H),7.38(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.19(brs,2H),7.03(brs,2H),6.77(s,1H),6.32(dd,J=3.2,1.8Hz,1H),6.15(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),5.57(s,2H),4.16(s,2H),2.73(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.94(dt,J=13.4,6.7Hz,1H),1.49(s,9H),1.01(d,J=6.6Hz,6H)。
实例2
噻吩-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻
吩基]磺酰脲
标题化合物是使用以上实例1中所述方法的类似方法制备的,不同的是在最终步骤中采用2-(异氰酸根合甲基)噻吩(0.30mmol,2.5当量)。将粗产物用制备型HPLC(在水中的20%至90%乙腈)纯化,并且获得粗产物,该产物为白色无定形固体(31mg,产率47%)。1H-NMR(400MHz,乙腈-d3)δ7.52(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.23(dd,J=5.1,1.3Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),6.99(brs,2H),6.91(dd,J=5.1,3.4Hz,1H),6.90–6.84(m,2H),6.83(s,1H),5.43(s,2H),4.33(d,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.71(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.95–1.86(m,1H),1.41(s,9H),0.98(d,J=6.6Hz,6H)。13C-NMR(101MHz,乙腈-d3)δ154.2,154.0,149.5,144.0,143.3,137.3,135.3,134.7,130.1,129.9,127.2,127.0,125.9,125.3,123.6,123.5,51.4,39.1,38.7,33.9,30.9,29.3,22.0。HRMS(ESI):C28H35N4O3S3 +[M+H]+计算值571.1866;发现值:571.1864。
实例3
2-甲氧基乙基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻吩
基]磺酰脲
标题化合物是使用以上实例1中所述方法的类似方法制备的,不同的是在最终步骤中采用1-异氰酸根合-2-甲氧基乙烷(0.29mmol,2.5当量)。将粗产物用制备型HPLC(在水中的20%至90%乙腈)纯化,并且获得粗产物,该产物为白色无定形固体(31mg,产率47%)。1H-NMR(400MHz,乙腈-d3)δ7.55(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.18(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),6.99(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.96(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),6.87(s,1H),6.14(brs,1H),5.46(s,2H),3.34(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),3.29(s,3H),3.19(q,J=5.5Hz,2H),2.77(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.01–1.98(m,1H),1.45(s,9H),1.01(d,J=6.6Hz,6H)。13C-NMR(101MHz,乙腈-d3)δ154.3,153.0,150.1,144.6,144.2,137.6,134.6,134.4,130.1,127.1,123.8,123.5,71.4,58.4,51.4,39.9,39.1,33.9,30.9,29.3,22.0。HRMS(ESI):C26H37N4O4S2 +[M+H]+计算值533.2251;发现值:533.2252。
实例4
吡啶-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻
吩基]磺酰脲
将磺酰胺(0.18mmol,1当量)、N-(2-吡啶基甲基)氨基甲酸苯酯(0.28mmol,1.5当量;如以下文献中所述合成:Org.Biomol.Chem.,2017,15,4992)和DBU(0.28mmol,1.5当量)溶于乙腈中,并且将反应混合物在MW下加热1h。反应完成后(如通过TLC所指示),在减压下蒸发溶剂。然后将残余物溶于乙酸乙酯中并且用0.1N HCl萃取。将水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取两次,将合并的有机相用盐水(20mL)洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并且在真空中蒸发溶剂,以得到粗产物。将粗产物用带有水乙腈极性(在水中的20%至90%乙腈)的手动C-18反相柱纯化,并且获得产物,该产物为白色无定形固体(60mg,产率57%)。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.48(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),7.73(td,J=7.7,1.8Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.26(dd,J=7.0,5.1Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.09–7.07(m,3H),6.92(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),6.84(brs,1H),5.45(s,2H),4.25(d,J=5.5Hz,2H),2.70(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.92–1.82(m,1H),1.32(s,9H),0.93(d,J=6.6Hz,6H)。13C-NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.5,158.2,153.7,152.2,149.3,149.2,144.0,138.4,137.2,133.6,130.0,129.7,126.4,125.0,123.3,122.65,121.3,50.5,44.9,38.6,33.6,30.3,30.0,22.5。HRMS(ESI):C29H36N5O3S2 +[M+H]+计算值566.2254;发现值:566.2267。
实例5
1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺酰
基]-3-(2-吡啶基甲基)脲
(a)1-(4-溴-2-氟苄基)-2-(叔丁基)-1H-咪唑
标题化合物是使用以上实例1步骤(a)中所述方法的类似方法制备的,不同的是使用2-叔丁基-1H-咪唑(1.02g,8.21mmol)和4-溴-1使用-(溴甲基)-2-氟-苯(2.20g,8.21mmol)代替。将粗产物通过FCC(在异己烷中的30%乙酸乙酯)纯化,以得到产物,该产物为浅黄色无定形固体(2.56g,产率39%)。1H-NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.24(dd,J=9.5,1.9Hz,1H),7.21–7.16(m,1H),6.93(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),6.55(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),5.25(s,2H),1.35(s,9H)。13C-NMR(101MHz,氯仿-d)δ159.4(d,J=251.2Hz),154.6,129.2(d,J=4.5Hz),128.0(d,J=3.7Hz),126.9,124.0(d,J=14.4Hz),122.0(d,J=9.3Hz),121.6,119.1(d,J=24.1Hz),44.7(d,J=4.9Hz),33.5,29.8。19F-NMR(376MHz,氯仿-d)δ-115.61(t,J=8.7Hz)。
(b)3-(4-((2-(叔丁基)-1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基)-3-氟苯基)-5-异丁基噻吩-2-磺酰 胺
副标题化合物是使用以上实例1步骤(a)中所述方法的类似方法制备的。1H-NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.48–7.31(m,3H),7.15–6.97(m,2H),6.72(s,1H),5.78(s,br.,2H),5.48(s,2H),2.64(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.98–1.81(m,J=6.7Hz,1H),1.56(s,9H),0.96(d,J=6.6Hz,6H)。13C-NMR(101MHz,氯仿-d)δ159.9(d,J=248.9Hz),152.8,148.7,141.1,138.2(d,J=8.4Hz),136.7,129.2,129.1,126.2,122.9,120.7(d,J=14.3Hz),119.7,117.0(d,J=21.9Hz),46.8(d,J=3.4Hz),39.2,33.9,30.6,28.7,22.3。19F-NMR(376MHz,氯仿-d)δ-75.39。
(c)1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺 酰基]-3-(2-吡啶基甲基)脲
将3-(4-((2-(叔丁基)-1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基)-3-氟苯基)-5-异丁基噻吩-2-磺酰胺(450mg,330μmol;来自以上步骤(b))、碳酸二苯酯(106mg,495μmol)和K2CO3(91mg,660μmol)溶于乙腈(15ml)中,并且将反应混合物在氮气气氛下在60℃下加热持续过夜。滤除固体并且蒸发溶剂。将粗产物和2-氨基甲基吡啶(108mg,1mmol)溶于二噁烷(10ml)中。将反应混合物加热至70℃下持续过夜。蒸发溶剂,并且使用HPLC纯化产物,其量为18mg,并且作为CF3COOH盐分离。1H-NMR(CD3OD):0.85(d,6H),1.44(s,9H),1.90(m,1H),2.68(d,2H),4.32(s,2H),5.49(s,2H),6.82(s,1H),6.92(m,1H),6.97(s,1H),6.99(s,1H),7.23-7.28(b,2H),7.42(d,1H),7.59(d,1H),7.72(d,1H),8.41(d,1H)。MS[M+H]:584.0,计算值584.2。
实例6
1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺酰
基]-3-乙基-脲
将3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-噻吩-2-磺酰胺(201mg,397μmol;如实例1中所述来制备,来自以上步骤(b))、异氰酸乙酯(94μl,1192μmol)和BF3-醚合物(169mg,1192μmol)溶于乙腈(20ml)中。在室温持续4小时后,LC/MS显示少量转化为产物。加入更多异氰酸乙酯(94μl,1192μmol)并且将反应搅拌持续过夜。蒸发溶剂,并且使用HPLC纯化产物,其量为84mg,并且作为CF3COOH盐分离。1H-NMR(CDCl3):0.98(d,6H),1.04(t,3H),1.63(s,9H),1.93(m,1H),2.70(d,2H),3.14(m,2H),5.51(s,2H),6.76(s,1H),7.11(t,1H),7.23(s,1H),7.27-7.35(b,3H)。MS[M+H]:521.0,计算值521.2。
实例7
1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺酰
基]-3-(2-噻吩基甲基)脲
标题化合物是通过与实例5中所述方法类似的方法来制备的,不同的是使用2-氨基甲基噻吩(113mg,1000μmol)。将产物作为CF3COOH盐分离,产量为70mg。1H-NMR(CDCl3):0.99(d,6H),1,61(s,9H),1.93(m,1H),2.69(d,2H),4.42(d,2H),5.47(s,2H),6.72(s,1H),6.87(m,2H),7.04(b,2H),7.15(d,1H),7.21(m 2H),7.32(d,1H)。MS[M+H]:589.0,计算值589.2。
生物测定
使用以下生物测定法评估如以上本文所述的示例化合物的生物活性(并且与C21比较)。
代谢稳定性
将PBS中的浓度为0.5mg/mL的人肝微粒体在具有或不具有1mM NADPH的情况下在37℃下孵育70min。10分钟后加入测试化合物,使最终浓度为1μM。在0分钟、5分钟、15分钟和60分钟时取出样品并且加入含有乙腈的试管中以停止反应,并且加入特非那定作为内标。以10000×g离心5分钟后,将上清液用1%甲酸按1:1稀释。将样品在反相柱上分离,并且通过三重四极杆MSMS(Agilant 6540型)进行检测。使用特非那定作为内标,通过外标曲线测量不同时间点母体化合物的浓度,并且计算在存在或不存在NADPH的情况下的初始代谢率。
T1/2,不具有NaDPH[min] | T1/2,具有NaDPH[min] | |
C21 | 31 | 35 |
实例1 | >60 | >60 |
实例2 | >60 | 32 |
实例3 | >60 | >60 |
实例4 | >60 | >60 |
实例5 | >60 | >60 |
实例6 | >60 | >60 |
实例7 | >60 | 23 |
与AT1和AT2受体结合
根据Eurofins方案ITEM26和ITEM24,使用放射性闪烁测定法评价化合物与人重组AT2和AT1受体的结合。
简而言之,对于IC50测量,将重组蛋白与测试化合物(对于AT2受体,浓度为1nM、10nM、100nM和1000nM;对于AT1受体,浓度为1μM和10μM)在37℃下孵育2h至4h。对AT2受体的Ki值是使用七点剂量反应曲线确定的。将125I(sar1,IIe8)-AT-II用作AT1受体的配体,并且将125ICGP 42112A用作AT2受体的配体。对照特异性结合的抑制百分比是根据100–(测得的特异性结合/对照特异性结合)×100来计算。
星号(*)表示从两次运行获得的数据的平均值。
CYP抑制
使用与人肝微粒体一起孵育的异构体特异性底物(Eurofins方案ITEMG232),评价10μM化合物对主要细胞色素P450异构体(CYP1A、CYP2B6、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP3A4和CYP3A4&5)的抑制作用。使用以下底物;CYP1A非那西丁、CYP2B6安非他酮、CYP2C8紫杉醇和阿莫地喹、CYP2C9双氯芬酸、CYP2C19奥美拉唑、CYP2D6右美沙芬、CYP3A咪达唑仑和睾酮。
孵育结束时,通过HPLC-MS/MS监测作为峰面积响应的代谢物的形成。
缩写
本文可使用以下缩写。
DBU 1,8-二氮杂双环(5.4.0)十一碳-7-烯
DCM 二氯甲烷
DMF 二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO 二甲基亚砜
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
FCC 快速柱色谱法
HPLC 高效液相色谱法
HRMS 高分辨率质谱
MeCN 乙腈
MeOH 甲醇
MW 微波
NMR 核磁共振
r.t. 室温
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 四氢呋喃
TLC 薄层色谱法
Claims (22)
1.一种式I化合物,
其中:
R1表示C1-2烷基(其任选地被一个或多个氟原子取代)、OR7、或氟原子;
R2和R3各自独立地表示H或C1-6烷基,其任选地被一个或多个卤素原子取代;
Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4独立地表示-CH-、-CF-、或-N-;
R4表示C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基-C1-6烷基,其烷基部分任选地被一个或多个卤素原子取代,或者
R4表示芳基、C1-6烷基芳基、C1-3烯基芳基、杂芳基、C1-6烷基杂芳基、或C1-3烯基杂芳基,其中的每一者任选地被选自以下的一个或多个取代基取代:卤素、-CF3、CF3O-、C1-6烷基和C1-6烷氧基;
R5表示H或C1-6烷基,其中的每一者任选地被一个或多个卤素原子取代;
R6表示C2-4烷基,其任选地被一个或多个卤素取代;并且
R7表示H或甲基,其任选地被一个或多个氟原子取代,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1表示任选地被至多三个氟原子取代的C1-2烷基或OR7。
3.根据权利要求2所述的化合物,其中R1表示甲基。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2和R3两者均表示H。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物,其中R4表示C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷基、苯基;C1-3烷基芳基;或C1-3烷基杂芳基,其中的每一者任选地被一个或多个卤素原子取代。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5表示H、甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、或异丁基。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6表示正丙基、正丁基、或异丁基。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物,其中R7表示H或甲基。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物,其中Y1表示-CF-或-CH,并且Y2、Y3和Y4全部表示-CH-。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物,所述化合物为:
呋喃-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻吩基]磺酰基]脲,
噻吩-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻吩基]磺酰脲,
2-甲氧基乙基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻吩基]磺酰脲,
吡啶-2-基甲基-3-[[5-异丁基-3-[4-[(2-叔丁基-咪唑-1-基)甲基]苯基]-2-噻吩基]磺酰脲,
1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺酰基]-3-(2-吡啶基甲基)脲,
1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺酰基]-3-乙基-脲,或
1-[[3-[4-[(2-叔丁基咪唑-1-基)甲基]-3-氟-苯基]-5-异丁基-2-噻吩基]磺酰基]-3-(2-噻吩基甲基)脲。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物,其用作药物。
12.一种药物制剂,其包含根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的化合物,所述化合物与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体混合。
13.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的化合物,其用于治疗自身免疫疾病,病毒性呼吸道感染和/或由其引起的肺炎,纤维化疾病,慢性肾脏疾病,肺动脉高压,心力衰竭和/或心肌梗死。
14.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的化合物用于制造药物的用途,所述药物用于治疗自身免疫疾病,病毒性呼吸道感染和/或由其引起的肺炎,纤维化疾病,慢性肾脏疾病,肺动脉高压,心力衰竭和/或心肌梗死。
15.一种治疗自身免疫疾病,病毒性呼吸道感染和/或由其引起的肺炎,纤维化疾病,慢性肾脏疾病,肺动脉高压,心力衰竭和/或心肌梗死的方法,所述方法包括向需要此类治疗的患者施用根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的化合物。
16.根据权利要求13所述使用的化合物、根据权利要求14所述的用途或根据权利要求15所述的治疗的方法,其中所述疾病为间质性肺疾病。
17.根据权利要求16所述使用的化合物、用途或治疗的方法,其中所述间质性肺疾病为特发性肺纤维化或结节病。
18.根据权利要求13所述使用的化合物、根据权利要求14所述的用途或根据权利要求15所述的治疗的方法,其中所述自身免疫疾病为类风湿性关节炎或系统性硬化病。
19.根据权利要求13所述使用的化合物、根据权利要求14所述的用途或根据权利要求15所述的治疗的方法,其中所述慢性肾脏疾病为糖尿病肾病。
20.根据权利要求13所述使用的化合物、根据权利要求14所述的用途或根据权利要求15所述的治疗的方法,其中所述肺动脉高压为动脉性肺动脉高压。
21.根据权利要求13所述使用的化合物、根据权利要求14所述的用途或根据权利要求15所述的治疗的方法,其中所述心力衰竭为射血分数保留的心力衰竭。
22.一种用于制备根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的式I化合物的方法,所述方法包括:
(i)使式II化合物,
其中R1、R2、R3、R6、Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述,并且L表示C1-6烷基或芳基,与式III化合物,
NHR4R5 III
其中R4和R5根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述,进行反应;
(ii)对于其中R5表示H的式I化合物,使式IV化合物,
其中R1、R2、R3、R6、Y1、Y2、Y3和Y4根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述,与式V化合物,
R4-N=C=O V
或式VI化合物,
其中X1为合适的离去基团,并且其中在每种情况下,R4根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述,进行反应。
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