CN117231221A - Air cushion type open caisson device and control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses an air cushion type open caisson device, which comprises: an initial ring; the tunneling equipment is arranged below the initial ring; the cabin system is arranged above the initial ring and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring; the dregs conveying system is arranged above the initial ring and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring; and the air compressor is communicated with the lower part of the initial ring and is used for providing high-pressure air for the lower part of the initial ring. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme disclosed by the application can improve the efficiency of effectively discharging the slag soil of the tunneling surface, improve the tunneling efficiency of the vertical shaft and reduce the abrasion of tunneling equipment. The application also discloses a control method for the air cushion type open caisson device.

Description

Air cushion type open caisson device and control method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of vertical shaft tunneling, in particular to an air cushion type open caisson device; and also relates to a control method for the air cushion type open caisson device.

Background

The prior pressure balance type full-face shaft heading machine adopts the mode that mud water is filled in a well, and the mud water pressure and the soil pressure outside the shaft are balanced to maintain the soil pressure balance around the shaft.

The construction method requires that the tunneling equipment is required to be constructed underwater, so that all sensors, cables, actuating mechanisms and components in the equipment can bear high-pressure water, the sealing requirements on the components are very high, and the soil condition cannot be visually observed under the condition of the equipment in underwater excavation.

Therefore, how to provide an air cushion type open caisson device, which can improve the efficiency of effectively discharging the dregs of a driving surface, improve the efficiency of shaft driving and reduce the abrasion of driving equipment, has become a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides an air cushion type open caisson device, which can improve the efficiency of effectively discharging the dregs of a tunneling surface, improve the efficiency of shaft tunneling and reduce the abrasion of tunneling equipment.

The technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:

the device comprises: an initial ring; the tunneling equipment is arranged below the initial ring; the cabin system is arranged above the initial ring and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring; the dregs conveying system is arranged above the initial ring and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring; and the air compressor is communicated with the lower part of the initial ring and is used for providing high-pressure air for the lower part of the initial ring.

Further, in a preferred form of the application, the initial ring comprises: a horizontally arranged base body, a soil retaining structure wound around the edge of the base body; the soil retaining structure is located below the base main body, and the soil retaining structure and the base main body form a working space below the base main body.

Further, in a preferred mode of the present application, the lower end face of the soil retaining structure is a wedge structure for being inserted into the soil body to be excavated.

Further, in a preferred mode of the present application, the horizontal section of the base body is one or more of polygonal and elliptical.

Further, in a preferred form of the application, the cabin system comprises: the personnel capsule is used for being arranged at a wellhead; a capsule passageway disposed between the capsule and the initiation ring; the cabin channel is communicated with the lower part of the initial ring.

Further, in a preferred form of the application, the muck delivery system comprises: the slag soil lifting channel is arranged above the initial ring and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring; the dregs lifting bin is arranged above the dregs lifting channel; and a lifting bucket which moves back and forth below the initial ring, between the muck lifting channel and the muck lifting bin in a lifting mode.

Further, in a preferred mode of the application, the lower end of the muck lifting channel is provided with a first sealing gate; the top or the side surface of the muck lifting bin is provided with a second sealing valve; the bottom of the dregs lifting bin is provided with a third sealing valve.

Further, in a preferred mode of the application, the personnel capsule and the muck lifting bin are both pressure transition bins.

Further, in a preferred mode of the present application, the number of the cabin systems is two or more; the number of the dregs conveying systems is two or more.

The application also provides a technical scheme of the control method for the air cushion type open caisson device. The method comprises the following steps: injecting high-pressure air to the lower part of the initial ring through an air compressor, and forming an operation space below the initial ring; tunneling is carried out on a tunneling surface through tunneling equipment, and dregs are generated; and transporting the dregs generated in the working space outwards through a dregs transporting system.

Further, in a preferred mode of the present application, the "transporting the muck generated in the working space out through the muck transporting system" specifically includes: filling the slag into the bucket until the bucket is filled; closing a second sealing valve corresponding to the bucket; opening a first sealing gate and a third sealing valve corresponding to the bucket; lifting the bucket to the residue soil lifting bin through the residue soil lifting channel; closing the first sealing gate and the third sealing valve; and opening a second sealing valve, lifting the bucket to the ground and transferring the muck to a muck treatment field.

Further, in a preferred form of the application, the method further comprises: the excavation of the tunneling equipment on the whole face is controlled, and slag soil is cleaned; controlling the initial ring to settle by dead weight or to assist in settling by a lifting oil cylinder; the follow-up installation lengthens the shaft wall above the initial ring.

Compared with the prior art, the air cushion type open caisson device provided by the application has the advantages that the high-pressure gas is introduced below the initial ring, so that a high-pressure operation space is formed below the initial ring, the entry of water in the well is prevented, the entry of sediment into tunneling equipment is avoided, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged. Through dregs conveying system, can be convenient outwards transport the dregs colleges and universities of face. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the application has the advantages that the slag soil of a tunneling surface can be effectively discharged, the tunneling efficiency of a vertical shaft is improved, and the abrasion of tunneling equipment is reduced.

The air cushion type open caisson construction method utilizes the fact that the air density is low, the air cushion is excavated with a vertical shaft from top to bottom, and therefore the air cushion formed in the bottom excavation area cannot reach soil or leak. Meanwhile, the air pressure presses the soil or water at the bottom, the soil pressure of the external soil can be maintained, and the accident of tower prevention can not occur. And the shaft excavated by this construction method can be any shape without being limited to a circular area.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an air cushion type open caisson device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an initial state of the air cushion type open caisson device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of lifting a bucket of the air cushion type open caisson device to a muck lifting bin according to an embodiment of the application;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of sinking and lifting slag soil of the air cushion type open caisson device provided by the embodiment of the application.

Reference numerals illustrate:

a tunneling apparatus 1; an initial ring 2; a shaft wall 3; a slag soil lifting bin 4; a person compartment 5; a muck lifting channel 6; an air compressor 7; a cabin passage 8; a bucket 9; a second sealing valve 10; a third sealing valve 11; a first sealing gate 12.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element; when an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.

It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "first," "second," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are merely for convenience in describing and simplifying the description based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the application.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" or "a number" means two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.

It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for the purpose of understanding and reading the disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the application, which is defined by the claims, but rather by the claims, unless otherwise indicated, and that any structural modifications, proportional changes, or dimensional adjustments, which would otherwise be apparent to those skilled in the art, would be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the application provides a technical scheme of an air cushion type open caisson device. The device comprises: an initial ring 2; a ripping apparatus 1 arranged below the initiation ring 2; a cabin system arranged above the initial ring 2 and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring 2; a muck conveying system arranged above the initial ring 2 and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring 2; an air compressor 7 communicating with the lower side of the initial ring 2 for supplying high-pressure air to the lower side of the initial ring 2.

Compared with the prior art, the application provides a technical scheme of an air cushion type open caisson device. High-pressure gas is introduced from the lower part of the initial ring, so that a high-pressure operation space is formed below the initial ring, water in the well is prevented from entering, sediment is prevented from entering tunneling equipment, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged. Through dregs conveying system, can be convenient outwards transport the dregs colleges and universities of face. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the application has the advantages that the slag soil of a tunneling surface can be effectively discharged, the tunneling efficiency of a vertical shaft is improved, and the abrasion of tunneling equipment is reduced.

Specifically, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the initial ring 2 includes: a horizontally arranged base body, a soil retaining structure wound around the edge of the base body; the soil retaining structure is located below the base main body, and the soil retaining structure and the base main body form a working space below the base main body.

The soil retaining structure can prevent soil around the face from collapsing, and tunneling equipment is affected in the working space.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the lower end surface of the soil retaining structure is a wedge-shaped structure and is used for being inserted and embedded into the soil body to be excavated.

It should be noted that the wedge-shaped structure can be better embedded into the soil layer to form a better blocking effect.

Specifically, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the horizontal section of the base body is one or more of polygonal and elliptical.

Specifically, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the cabin system includes: a personnel capsule 5 for setting up at the wellhead; a cabin passage 8 provided between the cabin 5 and the initial ring 2; the cabin channel 8 communicates with the underside of the initial ring 2.

The maintenance personnel can be transported to the lower part of the initial ring through the personnel capsule.

Specifically, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the muck conveying system includes: the muck lifting channel 6 is arranged above the initial ring 2 and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring 2; a muck lifting bin 4 arranged above the muck lifting channel 6; and a bucket 9 which moves back and forth between the muck lifting channel 6 and the muck lifting bin 4 below the initial ring 2 in a lifting manner.

It is to be noted that the slag soil can be quickly and stably lifted and conveyed through the bucket.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the lower end of the muck lifting channel 6 is provided with a first sealing gate 12; the top or the side surface of the muck lifting bin 4 is provided with a second sealing valve 10; the bottom of the dregs lifting bin 4 is provided with a third sealing valve 11.

The air compressor has the advantages that the air leakage amount of high-pressure air in the working space below the initial ring in the process of conveying dregs can be effectively reduced through the cooperation of the first sealing gate, the second sealing gate and the third sealing gate, and the pressurizing effect of the air compressor is improved.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the personnel capsule 5 and the muck lifting bin 4 are both pressure transition bins.

Specifically, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the number of the cabin systems is two or more; the number of the dregs conveying systems is two or more.

The application also provides a technical scheme of the control method for the air cushion type open caisson device. The method comprises the following steps: high-pressure air is injected into the lower part of the initial ring 2 through the air compressor 7, and an operation space is formed under the initial ring 2; tunneling is carried out on a tunneling surface through tunneling equipment 1, and dregs are generated; and transporting the dregs generated in the working space outwards through a dregs transporting system. The technical scheme of the control method provided by the application has the technical effects of the technical scheme.

Specifically, in the specific embodiment of the present application, the "transporting the slag generated in the working space to the outside by the slag transporting system" specifically includes: filling the bucket 9 with the dregs until the bucket 9 is filled; closing a second sealing valve 10 corresponding to the bucket 9; opening a first sealing gate 12 and a third sealing valve 11 corresponding to the bucket 9; lifting the bucket 9 to the residue soil lifting bin 4 through the residue soil lifting channel 6; closing the first sealing gate 12 and the third sealing valve 11; the second sealing valve 10 is opened, the bucket 9 is lifted to the ground, and the muck is transported to a muck treatment site.

Specifically, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the method further includes: the excavation of the whole face of the tunneling equipment 1 is controlled, and slag soil is cleaned; the initial ring 2 is controlled to subside by dead weight or to assist in subsidence by a lifting oil cylinder; the follow-up installation lengthens the shaft wall 3 above the initial ring 2.

It should be noted that in addition to this,

the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

1. a closed cavity is formed at the initial ring of the vertical shaft and is used as an air cushion bin. One or more residue soil channels are arranged at the top of the air cushion bin, and soil body excavated in the air cushion bin can be conveyed to a ground residue soil treatment field through a lifting or muddy water or belt conveying device;

2. the ground air compressor generates high-pressure gas, compressed air is conveyed to the air cushion cabin through the valve group and the pipeline, and the pressure of the air cushion cabin is further maintained within a set pressure range so as to meet the requirement of balancing the pressure of surrounding soil;

3. an excavator is arranged in the air cushion bin, and soil at the bottom of the air cushion bin is excavated into the hopper; or the muddy water is conveyed or the belt is conveyed to convey the dregs to the ground.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the excavating equipment of the construction method does not need to adopt high-pressure water sealing protective measures, and is simple and efficient in design, production and maintenance. The excavating equipment for ground construction can be easily transformed into underground construction. And the cross-sectional shape of the shaft may be any shape. The space in the vertical shaft can be efficiently utilized.

Using example 1:

the application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings by taking a muck lifting mode as an example because the muck conveying mode is various.

Step 1: as shown in fig. 2, the shaft initial ring 2, the excavator 1, the cabin 5, the muck lifting bin 4, the muck lifting channel 6 and the cabin channel 8 which are arranged on the shaft initial ring 2 are arranged at the position of pre-excavation of the shaft. The ground air compressor 7 and the control valve group pipeline thereof are connected into the air cushion bin for pressure test.

Soft soil on the ground is excavated by the excavator 1, and the soil is filled into the bucket 9.

Step 2: as shown in fig. 3, after the bucket 9 in step 1 is filled with the muck, the upper gate 10 (second sealing valve) of the muck lifting bin 4 corresponding to the bucket 9 is closed, the lower gate 12 (first sealing valve) of the lifting channel corresponding to the bucket 9 is opened, and the lower gate 11 (third sealing valve) of the muck lifting bin 4 is opened. Lifting the bucket 9 into the dregs lifting bin 4. The lower gates 11 and 12 are then closed. After the lower gate 11 (third sealing valve) is closed and sealed, the upper gate 10 (second sealing valve) is opened, the bucket 9 is lifted to the ground and the muck is transported to the muck treatment site. The number of the lifting barrels and the number of the slag soil lifting bins and the channels of the slag soil lifting bins are determined according to the size and the layout of the cross section of the vertical shaft. The number of the sets can be 1, or a plurality of sets can be performed simultaneously.

Step 3: as shown in fig. 4, after the equipment finishes the excavation of the whole face and discharges the dregs to the ground, the equipment can be self-weight sedimentation or auxiliary sedimentation by adopting a lifting oil cylinder according to project depth and integral open caisson requirements. When the shaft has been lowered to a certain depth, the shaft wall 3 is extended at the ground level. A cast in place or segment installation mode may be employed. The manhole wall is prolonged, and meanwhile, the manhole channel and the muck transporting channel are also prolonged according to the situation. The extension method is to close the bottom gate 12, hoist the cabin and the muck lifting cabin, and separate the cabin and the muck lifting cabin from the channel. And after the channel is prolonged, the personnel cabin and the muck lifting cabin are installed back. The next cycle is entered.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. An air cushion type open caisson device, characterized in that the device comprises:

an initial ring (2);

a tunneling device (1) arranged below the initial ring (2);

a cabin system arranged above the initial ring (2) and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring (2);

the dregs conveying system is arranged above the initial ring (2) and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring (2);

and the air compressor (7) is communicated with the lower part of the initial ring (2) and is used for providing high-pressure air for the lower part of the initial ring (2).

2. An air cushion type open caisson apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein,

the initial ring (2) comprises:

a horizontally disposed base body;

a soil blocking structure wound around an edge of the base body;

the soil retaining structure is located below the base main body, and the soil retaining structure and the base main body form a working space below the base main body.

3. The air cushion type open caisson device according to claim 2, wherein the lower end face of the soil retaining structure is of a wedge-shaped structure and is used for being inserted and embedded into a soil body to be excavated; and/or

The horizontal section of the base main body is one or more of polygonal and elliptical.

4. An air-cushion type open caisson apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the cabin system comprises:

a personnel capsule (5) for setting at the wellhead;

-a cabin channel (8) arranged between the cabin (5) and the initial ring (2);

the cabin channel (8) is communicated with the lower part of the initial ring (2).

5. The air cushion type open caisson apparatus according to claim 4, wherein,

the muck conveying system comprises:

a muck lifting channel (6) which is arranged above the initial ring (2) and communicated with the lower part of the initial ring (2);

the dregs lifting bin (4) is arranged above the dregs lifting channel (6);

and a lifting barrel (9) which moves back and forth between the residue soil lifting channel (6) and the residue soil lifting bin (4) below the initial ring (2) in a lifting manner.

6. The air cushion type open caisson apparatus according to claim 5, wherein,

the lower end of the slag soil lifting channel (6) is provided with a first sealing gate (12);

the top or the side surface of the dregs lifting bin (4) is provided with a second sealing valve (10);

the bottom of the dregs lifting bin (4) is provided with a third sealing valve (11).

7. The air cushion type open caisson apparatus according to claim 6, wherein,

the personnel cabin (5) and the muck lifting cabin (4) are both pressure transition cabins; and/or

The number of the cabin systems is two or more;

the number of the dregs conveying systems is two or more.

8. A control method for an air-cushion type open caisson apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the method comprises:

injecting high-pressure air into the lower part of the initial ring (2) through an air compressor (7), and forming an operation space below the initial ring (2);

tunneling is carried out on a tunneling surface through tunneling equipment (1) to generate dregs;

and transporting the dregs generated in the working space outwards through a dregs transporting system.

9. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the "transporting the muck generated in the working space out through the muck transporting system" specifically includes:

filling the bucket (9) with the dregs until the bucket (9) is filled;

closing a second sealing valve (10) corresponding to the bucket (9);

opening a first sealing gate (12) and a third sealing valve (11) corresponding to the bucket (9);

lifting a lifting bucket (9) into the residue soil lifting bin (4) through the residue soil lifting channel (6);

closing the first sealing gate (12) and the third sealing valve (11);

and opening a second sealing valve (10), lifting the bucket (9) to the ground and transferring the muck to a muck treatment field.

10. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that the method further comprises:

the excavation of the whole face of the tunneling equipment (1) is controlled, and slag soil is cleaned;

controlling the initial ring (2) to settle by dead weight or to assist in settling by a lifting oil cylinder;

and the vertical shaft pipe wall (3) above the initial ring (2) is lengthened in follow-up installation.