CN117215016B - Flame-retardant optical cable - Google Patents
Flame-retardant optical cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN117215016B CN117215016B CN202311474963.0A CN202311474963A CN117215016B CN 117215016 B CN117215016 B CN 117215016B CN 202311474963 A CN202311474963 A CN 202311474963A CN 117215016 B CN117215016 B CN 117215016B
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- flame
- retardant
- cavities
- light unit
- sheath
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRHNUZCXXOTJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoropropane Chemical compound CCCF JRHNUZCXXOTJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flame-retardant optical cable, which comprises a cable core, wherein the cable core comprises a central light unit, an optical fiber is arranged in the central light unit, a first flame-retardant layer, an inner sheath, an outer light unit, a water-resistant layer, a second flame-retardant layer, a middle sheath and an outer sheath are sequentially coated on the outer side of the cable core from inside to outside, a plurality of first cavities are formed in the second flame-retardant layer along the circumferential direction of the cable core, a fire extinguishing medium is filled in the first cavities, a plurality of second cavities are formed in the outer sheath along the circumferential direction of the optical cable, aerosol is filled in the second cavities, a plurality of partitions are uniformly arranged between the inner sheath and the water-resistant layer along the circumferential direction of the cable core, the partitions are in the shape of a fan, the outer light unit is arranged between two adjacent partitions, and the flame-retardant optical cable is applicable to various scenes which are extremely easy to generate fire hazards, has various flame-retardant means and excellent flame-retardant effects, and has certain tensile strength and high optical fiber density.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical cables, in particular to a flame-retardant optical cable.
Background
With the continuous progress of the society in China, the safety gradually becomes a common topic of the society, and as the safety of the optical cable, the smoothness of a communication line is critical at first, but in some places where indoor comprehensive wiring, power communication, airplanes, ships, mine entrances, subways, rockets and the like are extremely easy to generate fire, the safety is very important for the transmission of the optical cable, the flame retardant performance of the optical cable becomes extremely important, the conventional flame-retardant optical cable is relatively single in coping scene, poor in flame-retardant effect, relatively single in flame-retardant means and uneven in flame-retardant effect, mainly still concentrated on the selection of sheath materials, and in addition, the problems of low mechanical strength, small optical fiber density and the like of the optical cable are caused by filling the flame-retardant materials in a large area for a small part of flame-retardant optical cable.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a flame retardant optical cable to solve the above-mentioned problems of the related art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the cable core comprises a central light unit, wherein an optical fiber is arranged in the central light unit, a first fireproof layer, an inner sheath, an outer light unit, a water blocking layer, a second fireproof layer, a middle sheath and an outer sheath are sequentially coated on the outer side of the cable core from inside to outside, a plurality of first cavities are formed in the second fireproof layer along the circumferential direction of the cable core, fire extinguishing medium is filled in the first cavities, a plurality of second cavities are formed in the outer sheath along the circumferential direction of the cable, aerosol is filled in the second cavities, a plurality of partitions are uniformly arranged between the inner sheath and the water blocking layer along the circumferential direction of the cable core, the partitions are in a fan shape, and the outer light unit is arranged between two adjacent partitions.
Further, the partition surface is coated with a flame retardant medium.
Further, a plurality of reinforcing members are embedded in the outer sheath, and a spacing part and/or the reinforcing members are arranged between the adjacent second cavities in the outer sheath.
Further, each first cavity is located at a position corresponding to one side of each reinforcement, and each reinforcement is located at a position corresponding to each partition position.
Further, the number of the reinforcing parts is three, and the triangle formed by connecting the central lines of the three reinforcing parts is an equilateral triangle.
Further, the first fireproof layer is a mica tape.
Further, the water-blocking layer adopts high-expansion water-blocking yarns or water-blocking tapes.
Further, the inner sheath, the middle sheath and the outer sheath are made of low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant materials or PVC materials with high flame retardant performance.
Furthermore, the outside of the central light unit and the outside light unit both use a dry type micro-beam tube as a sheath, the dry type micro-beam tube is made of a low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant material, and water blocking yarns are filled in the dry type micro-beam tube.
Further, the reinforcing member is an aramid or glass fiber yarn or a reinforced plastic rod made of aramid or a fiber rod made of glass fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the flame-retardant optical cable has the following beneficial effects: the outer sheath is provided with the plurality of second cavities along the circumferential direction of the optical cable, and the second cavities are filled with aerosol, so that the aerosol has excellent flame-retardant and fire-extinguishing effects and can block flame from spreading further; the second fireproof layer is provided with the first cavities along the circumferential direction of the cable core, and the fire extinguishing medium is filled in the first cavities, so that once the flame breaks through the outer sheath, the fire extinguishing medium in the first cavities can extinguish the flame instantly; the inner sheath and the waterproof layer are provided with the plurality of partitions along the circumferential direction of the cable core and corresponding to the reinforcing piece, and the surfaces of the partitions are coated with the flame-retardant medium to make up for relatively poorer flame-retardant effect at the reinforcing piece embedded in the outer sheath, so that the flame-retardant effect can be more comprehensively improved; the flame-retardant optical cable is suitable for various scenes which are extremely prone to occurrence of fire hazards, has various flame-retardant means and excellent flame-retardant effects, and has certain tensile strength and higher optical fiber density.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are shown only in connection with the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, since any modification, variation in proportions, or adjustment of the size, etc. of the structures, proportions, etc. should be considered as falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, without affecting the effect or achievement of the objective.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a flame retardant fiber optic cable of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 a central light unit, 2 a first fireproof layer, 3 an inner sheath, 4 an outer light unit, 5 a waterproof layer, 6 a partition, 7 a second fireproof layer, 8 a first cavity, 9 a middle sheath, 10 an outer sheath, 11 a second cavity, 12 a spacer and 13 a reinforcement.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the cable core comprises a central light unit 1, an optical fiber is arranged in the central light unit 1, a first fireproof layer 2, an inner sheath 3, an outer light unit 4, a water-blocking layer 5, a second fireproof layer 7, a middle sheath 9 and an outer sheath 10 are sequentially coated on the outer side of the cable core from inside to outside, a plurality of first cavities 8 are formed in the second fireproof layer 7 along the circumferential direction of the cable core, fire extinguishing medium is filled in the first cavities 8, the fire extinguishing medium comprises dry powder, carbon dioxide, hexa, fluoropropane and other gases, a plurality of second cavities 11 are formed in the outer sheath 10 along the circumferential direction of the cable, the number of the second cavities 11 is controlled to be about 9-15, aerosol is filled in the second cavities 11, and is mainly a pyrotechnic agent composed of an oxidant, a reducing agent and other additives, can generate oxidation-reduction combustion reaction in the interior of the cable core through excitation to generate condensation type aerosol, a suspension space can be used for a long time, the fire extinguishing medium is filled in the first cavities 8, a plurality of second cavities 11 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cable core, and a plurality of annular flame blocking layers 6 are uniformly arranged between the outer sheaths 6 and the outer sheaths 6 along the circumferential direction of the two adjacent flame blocking layers 6.
An isolation space can be formed between two adjacent partitions 6, so that the external light unit 4 is placed in the isolation space, flame can be prevented from directly contacting the external light unit 4 by the isolation space, so that a good flame-retardant effect is achieved, meanwhile, the arrangement can effectively increase the overall optical fiber density of the product, and for some areas with smaller fire hazards, only the external light unit 4 can be configured without configuring the internal light unit 1, so that the installation process cost is saved.
Further, the surface of the partition 6 is coated with a flame-retardant medium, the flame-retardant medium can be mica tape, PI film or the like or a flame-retardant coating, and the flame-retardant coating can be an inorganic high-temperature resistant material, a ceramic polyolefin material, a phenolic-based fireproof coating, a silicone resin polycarbonate coating or the like.
Further, the outer sheath 10 is embedded with a plurality of reinforcing members 13, the reinforcing members 13 are embedded in the outer sheath 10 to enable the outer sheath 10 to be sufficiently stressed, the overall tensile strength of the optical cable is effectively improved, meanwhile, the overall radial dimension of the optical cable can be reduced by about 0.3-0.6 mm, a spacing part 12 and/or the reinforcing members 13 are arranged between the adjacent second cavities 11 in the outer sheath 10, the spacing parts 12 are arranged between the plurality of second cavities 11, so that the inflatable sol is uniformly distributed in the outer sheath 10, if a certain part of the optical cable is broken through by flame, the flame can be extinguished only by using the inflatable sol in the corresponding second cavity 11, if the inflatable sol is only stored in one cavity, and if the flame on a certain side of the optical cable breaks through first, the aerosol in the cavity is completely consumed, the effective flame-retardant effect cannot be achieved elsewhere.
Further, each first cavity 8 is located at a position corresponding to one side of each stiffener 13, the stiffener 13 is not filled with the aerosol, so that the flame retardant performance of the stiffener is poorer than that of the stiffener 11 with the second cavity, even if the flame enters from the stiffener 13, because the first cavity 8 is located at a position corresponding to one side of each stiffener 13, the fire extinguishing medium in the first cavity 8 can form a first supplementary fire protection line to extinguish the flame entering from the stiffener 13, meanwhile, each stiffener 13 is located corresponding to each partition 6, the partition 6 is coated with the flame retardant medium, and the partition 6 coated with the flame retardant medium forms a second supplementary fire protection line to further extinguish the flame from the stiffener 13.
Further, the number of the reinforcing members 13 is three, the triangle formed by connecting the centers of the reinforcing members 13 is an equilateral triangle, the stability of the equilateral triangle is better, and the second cavities 11 with the same number can be arranged between the adjacent reinforcing members 13, so that the uniformity of the flame retardant effect is improved.
Further, the first fireproof layer 2 is a mica tape, so that the central light unit 1 is effectively protected, the mica tape has excellent high temperature resistance and combustion resistance, and the flame retardant effect of the optical cable can be greatly improved.
Furthermore, the water-blocking layer 5 adopts high-expansion water-blocking yarns or water-blocking tapes, the expansion rate is more than 100ml/g/min, and the expansion rate is more than or equal to 110ml/g, so that the integral water-blocking effect of the product can be effectively achieved.
Further, the inner sheath 3, the middle sheath 9 and the outer sheath 10 are formed by extrusion molding of a low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant material or a PVC material with high flame retardant property, so that flame retardance and fire prevention are facilitated, and the heating and burning risks of the optical cable can be effectively reduced.
Furthermore, the outside of the central light unit 1 and the outside light unit 4 both use dry type microbeam tubes as jackets, the dry type microbeam tubes are made of low smoke halogen-free flame retardant materials, the fireproof flame retardant problem of the optical cable is effectively solved, the cable has the advantages of rust resistance, light weight, flexibility, lightning protection, tensile strength and the like, water blocking yarns are filled in the dry type microbeam tubes, the cable has certain water blocking performance, and the number of microbeam tube cores can be varied according to the requirements of customers from 1 core to 48 core.
Further, the reinforcement 13 is an aramid fiber or glass fiber yarn or a reinforced plastic rod made of aramid fiber or a fiber rod made of glass fiber, when the optical cable is stretched, the reinforcement 13 embedded in the outer sheath 10 is stressed first, most of stretching force is consumed by the outer sheath 10 and the reinforcement 13, the stress of the optical unit can be reduced, higher optical fiber strain is avoided, the non-metal reinforcement is provided with the characteristics of good chemical stability, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, water resistance and insulation, and the optical fiber has a better protection effect.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The cable core comprises a central light unit, wherein an optical fiber is arranged in the central light unit, the cable core is characterized in that a first fireproof layer, an inner sheath, an outer light unit, a water blocking layer, a second fireproof layer, a middle sheath and an outer sheath are sequentially coated on the outer side of the cable core from inside to outside, a plurality of first cavities are formed in the second fireproof layer along the circumferential direction of the cable core, fire extinguishing medium is filled in the first cavities, a plurality of second cavities are formed in the outer sheath along the circumferential direction of the cable, aerosol is filled in the second cavities, a plurality of partitions are uniformly arranged between the inner sheath and the water blocking layer along the circumferential direction of the cable core, the partitions are in the shape of a fan ring, the outer light unit is arranged between two adjacent partitions, a plurality of reinforcing members are embedded in the outer sheath, a spacing part and/or the reinforcing members are arranged between the adjacent second cavities in the outer sheath, the position of each first cavity is correspondingly arranged on one side of each reinforcing member, and each reinforcing member is correspondingly arranged at the position.
2. The flame-retardant fiber optic cable of claim 1, wherein the partition surface is coated with a flame-retardant medium.
3. The flame retardant fiber optic cable of claim 1, wherein said strength members are three, and wherein the triangle formed by the center lines of three of said strength members is an equilateral triangle.
4. The flame retardant fiber optic cable of claim 1, wherein said first flame retardant layer is a mica tape.
5. The flame retardant fiber optic cable of claim 1, wherein said water blocking layer is a high expansion water blocking yarn or tape.
6. The flame-retardant optical cable according to claim 1, wherein the inner sheath, the middle sheath and the outer sheath are made of a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant material or a PVC material with high flame retardant performance.
7. The flame-retardant optical cable according to claim 1, wherein the outer parts of the central light unit and the outer light unit are both sheathed by a dry type microbeam tube made of a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant material, and water-blocking yarns are filled in the dry type microbeam tube.
8. The flame retardant fiber optic cable of claim 1, wherein said strength members are reinforced plastic rods made of aramid or fiberglass yarns or fiberglass rods made of fiberglass.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311474963.0A CN117215016B (en) | 2023-11-08 | 2023-11-08 | Flame-retardant optical cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311474963.0A CN117215016B (en) | 2023-11-08 | 2023-11-08 | Flame-retardant optical cable |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117215016A CN117215016A (en) | 2023-12-12 |
| CN117215016B true CN117215016B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
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ID=89037401
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311474963.0A Active CN117215016B (en) | 2023-11-08 | 2023-11-08 | Flame-retardant optical cable |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117215016B (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204480805U (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2015-07-15 | 苏州威尔特线缆科技有限公司 | A kind of environmental protection flame retardant photoelectricity composite shielding cable for digital communication |
| US9728302B1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-08-08 | Superior Essex International IP | Flame retardant communication cables incorporating extinguishants |
| CN207718048U (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-08-10 | 内蒙古工业大学 | A kind of Novel optical cable for railway security communication |
| CN109407247A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-03-01 | 徐亚琴 | A kind of fire-retardant cable |
| CN114035292A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-11 | 江苏财奥科技有限公司 | High-strength optical cable with fireproof function |
| CN114609736A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-10 | 浙江富春江光电科技有限公司 | Novel rat-bite-preventing bending-resistant optical cable and preparation process thereof |
| CN219143170U (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-06-06 | 好光景通信科技(深圳)有限公司 | Stretch-proofing optical cable |
| CN219552730U (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-08-18 | 武汉亿联高清信息科技有限公司 | Abrasion-resistant optical fiber cable |
-
2023
- 2023-11-08 CN CN202311474963.0A patent/CN117215016B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204480805U (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2015-07-15 | 苏州威尔特线缆科技有限公司 | A kind of environmental protection flame retardant photoelectricity composite shielding cable for digital communication |
| US9728302B1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-08-08 | Superior Essex International IP | Flame retardant communication cables incorporating extinguishants |
| CN207718048U (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-08-10 | 内蒙古工业大学 | A kind of Novel optical cable for railway security communication |
| CN109407247A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-03-01 | 徐亚琴 | A kind of fire-retardant cable |
| CN114035292A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-11 | 江苏财奥科技有限公司 | High-strength optical cable with fireproof function |
| CN114609736A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-10 | 浙江富春江光电科技有限公司 | Novel rat-bite-preventing bending-resistant optical cable and preparation process thereof |
| CN219143170U (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-06-06 | 好光景通信科技(深圳)有限公司 | Stretch-proofing optical cable |
| CN219552730U (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-08-18 | 武汉亿联高清信息科技有限公司 | Abrasion-resistant optical fiber cable |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN117215016A (en) | 2023-12-12 |
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