CN1172069A - 生产一氧化碳的方法和装置 - Google Patents

生产一氧化碳的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1172069A
CN1172069A CN97109524A CN97109524A CN1172069A CN 1172069 A CN1172069 A CN 1172069A CN 97109524 A CN97109524 A CN 97109524A CN 97109524 A CN97109524 A CN 97109524A CN 1172069 A CN1172069 A CN 1172069A
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synthetic gas
methane
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carbon monoxide
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J·比利
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

在一种生产一氧化碳的方法中,从原料流体中产生的合成气通过低温蒸馏步骤分离。使富含于残余甲烷中的组分回流到原料流体中。

Description

生产一氧化碳的方法和装置
本发明涉及生产一氧化碳的方法及装置，尤其涉及通过产生合成气、然后再将其净化的一氧化碳的生产。
在传统的生产一氧化碳的方法中，合成气的产生是靠焦碳和诸如天然气、液化石油气(LPG)、石脑油及减压渣油等碳氢化合物的部分氧化，尤其靠用氧、水蒸汽或CO2重整来完成的。然后将合成气纯化，一般为低温或化学纯化。
一氧化碳，其化学式为CO，通常采用包括下述主要步骤的工艺过程从碳氢化合物中生产：
用水蒸汽重整或用氧部分氧化而使碳氢化合物裂解；
洗涤已如此生产的合成气混合物，使其脱碳；
使该混合气体的组分低温分离，最终产生出四种产品：一氧化碳、氢、合成气的不分离部分及剩余甲烷。
该方法的详细描述见由R.Berninger博士和Linde所著“H2/CO的低温分离的改进”一文，该文出自1988年62期的“科学与技术报告”。
为了有助于减少生产每摩尔CO的碳氢化合物消耗率，一般采用四项技术：
使合成气的富CO的不可分离部分再循环并回到工艺系统中；
采用能减少在氢产品中CO损失的低温分离方法(一种称为“甲烷清洗”的工艺)；
使残余甲烷再循环并回到初始的碳氢化合物投料中；
使脱碳残留物再循环并回到初始碳氢化合物投料中。
本发明的目的是通过增加工艺步骤使回收循环联合生产的氢气中包含的残余甲烷成为可能，而进一步减少生产每摩尔CO的碳氢化合物消耗率。
为此目的，本发明的一个主题是通过从原料流体中产生合成气，然后分离该合成气，来生产一氧化碳(CO)的方法，其特征在于使至少一部分富含于残余甲烷中的成分再循环并回到原料流体中。
本发明的另一个主题是生产一氧化碳(CO)的装置，它包括一个产生含有CO的合成气的装置、一个分离该合成气的装置及使由分离装置输出的部分富含在残余甲烷中的成分回流到产生合成气装置的输入口的装置。
甲烷清洗方法产生一种可在合成气压力下获得的饱和甲烷(摩尔分数为1％到2％)氢组分。该甲烷量取决于产生合成气所使用的方法，它的量可相当于(以碳原子量表示)一氧化碳产品中含碳量的1％到10％。
本发明的目的是利用渗透工艺从携带甲烷成分的氢中分离出甲烷成分。高甲烷的渗透残余物可回流到碳氢化合物投料中，渗透物是可在低压下获得的贫甲烷氢气。
本发明在仅生产一氧化碳一种产品的装置中尤其有利，此时生产的作为副产品的氢相应可用作燃料。
现将参照附图描述本发明的实施方案，其中唯一的此幅图表示了根据本发明的一套装置。
图中所示装置包括一个通过催化裂解产生合成气的装置1、一个胺洗装置2和一个利用甲烷清洗进行低温分离的装置3。把构成原料流体的天然气送入产生合成气体的装置1，然后该合成气经管道4进入装置2，经过胺洗步骤后得到净化。分离后的二氧化碳经管道6回流到产生合成气的装置1的入口。在装置2中脱碳后，该已净化了的合成气在分离装置3中经过一个或多个低温蒸馏步骤分离。生产的闪蒸气体经管道8回流到净化后的合成气中，第一甲烷流经管道10回流到产生合成气的装置的入口。该装置的主要产品为来自管道12的CO。由洗涤塔出来的氢和甲烷的混合物经管道14送到渗透装置16。该渗透装置的渗透物由贫甲烷流18组成，不可渗透物由富甲烷流组成。该不可渗透物、或其一部分经管道20回流到产生合成气的装置1的入口。

Claims (11)

1、一种从原料流体中产生合成气、然后将其分离来生产一氧化碳(CO)的方法，其特征在于至少一部分富含于残余甲烷中的组分循环并回流到原料流体。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于该甲烷残余通过渗透步骤生产。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于渗透步骤分离含有氢和甲烷的气体混合物。
4、根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于使渗透步骤中组成不可渗透物的大多数成分或全部成分再循环。
5、根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于调节渗透步骤中的渗透压力以控制所述渗透物的组分。
6、根据上述任一权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于所述合成气通过低温蒸馏分离。
7、一种用于生产一氧化碳(CO)的装置，包括产生含有CO的合成气的装置(1)，一个分离该合成气的装置(3)，以及使从分离装置输出的、富含于残余甲烷中的部分成分回流到产生合成气的装置的入口。
8、根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于渗透装置从净化装置的输出流中生产富含在残余甲烷中的组分。
9、根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于净化装置的出口流中含有氢和甲烷。
10、根据权利要求9所述的装置，包括调节渗透步骤中渗透压的装置(19)。
11、根据权利要求7至10中任何一个所述的装置，其特征在于分离所述合成气的所述装置是低温分离装置。
CN97109524A 1996-02-16 1997-02-14 生产一氧化碳的方法和装置 Pending CN1172069A (zh)

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FR9601962A FR2745000A1 (fr) 1996-02-16 1996-02-16 Procede et installation de production de monoxyde de carbone

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CN100453938C (zh) * 2003-10-20 2009-01-21 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 低温蒸馏生产一氧化碳和/或氢和/或氢和一氧化碳混合物的方法和设备

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CN100339301C (zh) * 2002-04-15 2007-09-26 液体空气乔治洛德方法利用和研究的具有监督和管理委员会的有限公司 用于分离氢气和一氧化碳的混合物的方法和装置
CN100453938C (zh) * 2003-10-20 2009-01-21 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 低温蒸馏生产一氧化碳和/或氢和/或氢和一氧化碳混合物的方法和设备

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