CN117189075A - Compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample, device, control system and test method - Google Patents
Compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample, device, control system and test method Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
In order to solve the technical problem that the prior art is difficult to develop a fracturing test aiming at the characteristics of a high-temperature reservoir, the embodiment of the invention provides a compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample, a device, a control system and a test method, and the embodiment of the invention provides a compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device, which comprises the following components: a heating container provided with a placing space for placing the fracturing sample; the two ends of the placing space are respectively provided with a pressure head which is suitable for the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress to the fracturing sample in the placing space; and the high-pressure fluid pipeline is used for penetrating into the fracturing sample through a pipeline after penetrating through the pressure head at one end of the placing space. The embodiment of the invention realizes the aim of carrying out the fracturing test aiming at the high-temperature reservoir characteristics, and provides the fracturing sample and the testing method suitable for the fracturing test aiming at the high-temperature reservoir characteristics aiming at the used device, thereby avoiding the technical defect that the fracturing test is difficult to carry out aiming at the high-temperature reservoir characteristics in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample, a device, a control system and a test method.
Background
Unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs are more difficult to recover than conventional natural gas, and in order to achieve efficient recovery, an artificial fracture network must be created by fracturing modification to create industrial capacity. The method is characterized in that the hydraulic fracturing is used for forming one or more main cracks in the reservoir, and meanwhile, the means of staged multi-cluster perforation, low-viscosity fracturing fluid, steering materials and the like are used for realizing communication of natural cracks and structural cracks.
However, as the burial depth of the tight sandstone reservoir is increased, the formation temperature is high (150-200 ℃), the plasticity is enhanced, the crack initiation difficulty is increased, the crack width is narrowed, the formation closing pressure is increased, and the high closing stress (90-100 MPa) brings a series of important theoretical and technical problems for the effective fracturing of the tight sandstone. There is a need to explore new fracturing modes and new complex seam formation techniques. At present, in the aspect of related research at home and abroad, a true triaxial object model test is mostly adopted indoors to develop hydraulic fracture expansion research, research objects of the test systems are basically designed aiming at the stress characteristics of a middle-shallow oil and gas reservoir, special environmental conditions such as high temperature and temperature alternation are difficult to consider, a device capable of developing a high-temperature fracturing test is also lacking, and basic data for effectively developing the fracturing test aiming at the high-temperature reservoir characteristics are difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the prior art is difficult to develop a fracturing test aiming at the characteristics of a high-temperature reservoir, the embodiment of the invention provides a compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample, a device, a control system and a test method.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device, including:
a heating container provided with a placing space for placing the fracturing sample;
the two ends of the placing space are respectively provided with a pressure head which is suitable for the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress to the fracturing sample in the placing space; and
and the high-pressure fluid pipeline is used for penetrating into the fracturing sample through a pipeline after penetrating through the pressure head at one end of the placing space.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
one end of the waveguide rod is used for contacting with the fracturing sample after penetrating through the heating container, and the other end of the waveguide rod is connected with an acoustic emission probe.
Further, the number of the waveguide rods is a plurality of; the heating container is provided with a plurality of mounting holes for the waveguide rod to pass through; one end of each waveguide rod passes through the mounting hole and then contacts with the surface of the fracturing sample through the coupling agent; the other end of each waveguide rod is contacted with the acoustic emission probe through a coupling agent.
Further, the number of the mounting holes is 4; the 4 mounting holes are uniformly arranged at the side of the heating container.
Further, the fracturing sample comprises a deep tight sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core; the deep compact sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core is of a cylindrical structure; the pipeline is an elongated steel pipe;
one end face of the fracturing sample is provided with a central hole serving as a simulated shaft; the center of the simulated well is used for placing an elongated steel tube serving as a sleeve in the simulated well, and a gap between the sleeve in the simulated well and the inner wall of the simulated well is sealed by sealant;
one end of the slender steel pipe is used for being connected with a high-pressure fluid pipeline;
the bottom of the simulated wellbore is provided with a cavity for filling soluble matters; the cavity is provided with software for covering the cavity;
the test device further comprises a syringe; the end of the syringe is adapted to be connected to a high pressure fluid line to inject a liquid for dissolving the solubles through the elongated steel tube into the cavity and withdraw the liquid after dissolving the solubles from the cavity.
Further, the sealant is epoxy resin, the soluble matters are table salt, and the liquid for dissolving the soluble matters is water.
Further, the heating container is a ceramic heating sleeve; the ceramic heating sleeve comprises a ceramic sleeve; an electric heating coil is arranged on the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve.
Further, the pressure head at one end of the placement space includes:
the upper pressure head is used for being in contact with the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress, and is provided with a through hole for a high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through;
the pressure-bearing quartz plate is arranged between the upper pressure head and the force transmission pressure head and is provided with a through hole for a high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through; and
and the force transmission pressure head is used for being contacted with one end of the fracturing sample and is provided with a through hole for a high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through.
Further, the pressure head at the other end of the placement space comprises: and the lower pressure head is used for being contacted with the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress.
Furthermore, the force transmission pressure head and the pressing head are both provided with cooling devices.
Further, two ends of the heating container are provided with heat insulation boards; the heat insulating plate is provided with a pressing hole for a pressing head in the placing space to pass through.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: and a bracket for supporting the heating container.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control system of the tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device, including:
the temperature controller is connected with the heating container to control the heating temperature of the heating container; and
the servo pump pressure control system is used for adjusting the flow of the pumped fracturing fluid by connecting a pump with a high-pressure fluid pipeline;
the heating container is provided with a thermocouple, and the thermocouple is connected with a temperature controller.
Further, the tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device is the tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device, and the control system further comprises:
the cooling water control system is used for being connected with the cooling device to control the flow of cooling water; and
the acoustic emission monitoring system is used for being connected with the acoustic emission probe to receive and monitor the acoustic emission signal sent by the acoustic emission probe.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a testing method based on the tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing testing system, including:
controlling a temperature controller to enable the heating container to be heated to a high-temperature preset value at a stable heating rate, and keeping the temperature constant at the high-temperature preset value so as to enable the internal temperature of the fracturing sample to be heated uniformly;
controlling the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress so that the rock mechanical testing machine can stably load preset axial stress along the axial direction of the fracturing sample;
the control system of the control servo pump pressure continuously pumps fracturing fluid to the fracturing sample through a high-pressure fluid pipeline;
judging whether the pumping pressure of the servo pumping pressure control system is changed from an ascending trend to a falling trend, if so, controlling the servo pumping pressure control system to stop working, and completing the hydraulic fracturing test.
Further, a control servo pump pressure control system is controlled to continuously pump fracturing fluid to a fracturing sample through a high-pressure fluid pipeline; thereafter or simultaneously, the method also comprises the following steps: and controlling the acoustic emission monitoring system to receive the damage and rupture signals of the fracturing test sample sent by the acoustic emission probe.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample comprising a deep tight sandstone reservoir downhole full diameter core;
one end face of the fracturing sample is provided with a central hole serving as a simulated shaft; the center of the simulated well is used for placing an elongated steel tube serving as a sleeve in the simulated well, and a gap between the sleeve in the simulated well and the inner wall of the simulated well is sealed by sealant;
the bottom of the simulated wellbore is provided with a cavity for filling soluble matters; the cavity is provided with software for covering the cavity;
the test device further comprises a syringe; the end of the syringe is adapted to be connected to a high pressure fluid line to inject a liquid for dissolving the solubles through the elongated steel tube into the cavity and withdraw the liquid after dissolving the solubles from the cavity.
Further, the deep compact sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core is of a cylindrical structure.
Further, the soluble substance is water soluble substance, and the liquid for dissolving the soluble substance is water.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample, the device, the control system and the test method, the purpose of carrying out fracturing tests on the characteristics of the high-temperature reservoir is achieved through the heating container, the placing space, the pressure head, the fracturing sample and the high-pressure fluid pipeline, the fracturing sample and the test method suitable for carrying out fracturing tests on the characteristics of the high-temperature reservoir are provided for the used device, and therefore the technical defect that the fracturing tests are difficult to carry out on the characteristics of the high-temperature reservoir in the prior art is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the examples will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracturing sample.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control system of a tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a test method flow of a tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device.
In the drawings, the reference numerals and corresponding part names:
the device comprises a 1-cooling water pipeline, a 2-waveguide rod, a 3-electric heating wire, a 4-lower pressure head, a 5-upper pressure head, a 6-high-pressure fluid pipeline, a 7-ceramic heating sleeve, an 8-upper heat insulation plate, a 9-lower heat insulation plate, a 10-fracturing sample, an 11-force transmission pressure head, a 12-support, a 13-acoustic emission probe, a 14-pressure-bearing quartz plate, a 15-slender steel pipe, 16-epoxy resin, a 17-deep compact sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core, 18-plasticine and 19-salt.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: no such specific details are necessary to practice the invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail in order not to obscure the invention.
Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" mean: a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included within at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an example," or "in an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the illustrations are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Examples
In order to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, a fracturing test is difficult to develop aiming at the characteristics of a high-temperature reservoir, an embodiment of the invention provides a compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample, a device, a control system and a test method, and is shown with reference to fig. 1-4, in a first aspect, a compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device comprises: a heating container provided with a placing space for placing the fracturing sample; the two ends of the placing space are respectively provided with a pressure head which is suitable for the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress to the fracturing sample in the placing space; and a high-pressure fluid pipeline 6 for penetrating into the fracturing sample 10 through a pipeline after penetrating through the pressure head at one end of the placing space.
Referring to fig. 1, the tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device comprises a heating container, wherein the heating container is provided with a placing space, and a fracturing sample is heated to a test temperature in the placing middle; and the two ends of the heating container are opened, the two ends of the heating container are used for extruding the fracturing sample to load axial stress through the pressure head, and the fracturing sample is injected with high-pressure fluid required by the test after passing through the pressure head through a high-pressure fluid pipeline to carry out the test.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention realizes the aim of carrying out the fracturing test aiming at the characteristics of the high-temperature reservoir by heating the container, the placing space, the pressure head, the fracturing test sample and the high-pressure fluid pipeline, and provides the fracturing test sample and the testing method which are suitable for carrying out the fracturing test aiming at the characteristics of the high-temperature reservoir aiming at the used device, thereby avoiding the technical defect that the fracturing test is difficult to carry out aiming at the characteristics of the high-temperature reservoir in the prior art.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: and one end of the waveguide rod 2 is used for contacting with the fracturing sample after penetrating through the heating container, and the other end of the waveguide rod is connected with an acoustic emission probe 13.
Referring to fig. 2, the right end of the waveguide rod extends into the heating container from the side surface of the heating container to contact with the fracturing test sample, and the left end of the waveguide rod contacts with the acoustic emission probe, so that the waveguide rod can send the fracturing signal of the fracturing test sample to a corresponding receiving device through the acoustic emission probe to analyze and process the fracturing signal.
Further, the number of the waveguide rods is a plurality of; the heating container is provided with a plurality of mounting holes for the waveguide rod to pass through; one end of each waveguide rod passes through the mounting hole and then contacts with the surface of the fracturing sample through the coupling agent; the other end of each waveguide rod is contacted with the acoustic emission probe through a coupling agent.
Optionally, in order to achieve better effect of monitoring fracturing signals, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the heating container, each mounting hole is used for mounting a waveguide rod, one end of each waveguide rod stretches into the mounting hole to be in contact with the surface of the fracturing sample through the couplant, and the other end of each waveguide rod is in contact with the acoustic emission probe through the couplant to conduct fracturing signals of the fracturing sample.
Optionally, the number of the mounting holes is 4; the 4 mounting holes are uniformly arranged at the side of the heating container.
In order to facilitate better testing, the present embodiments provide improvements to the frac specimens. The fracturing sample comprises a deep compact sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core; the deep compact sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core is of a cylindrical structure; the pipeline is an elongated steel pipe;
one end face of the fracturing sample is provided with a central hole serving as a simulated shaft; the center of the simulated well is used for placing an elongated steel tube serving as a sleeve in the simulated well, and a gap between the sleeve in the simulated well and the inner wall of the simulated well is sealed by sealant;
one end of the slender steel pipe is used for being connected with a high-pressure fluid pipeline;
the bottom of the simulated wellbore is provided with a cavity for filling soluble matters; the cavity is provided with software for covering the cavity;
the test device further comprises a syringe; the end of the syringe is used for injecting the liquid for dissolving the soluble matters into the cavity through the slender steel tube and extracting the liquid after dissolving the soluble matters from the cavity.
The cavity obtained by extracting the liquid which dissolves the soluble matters is the fracturing channel.
Further, the sealant is epoxy resin, the soluble matters are table salt, and the liquid for dissolving the soluble matters is water.
Further, the heating container is a ceramic heating sleeve 7; the ceramic heating sleeve comprises a ceramic sleeve; an electric heating coil is arranged on the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve.
Referring to fig. 1, an electric heating coil is provided at an inner wall of the heating container, and the electric heating coil is connected with a temperature controller through an electric heating wire 3 to adjust heating efficiency of the electric heating coil.
Further, the pressure head at one end of the placement space includes:
the upper pressure head 5 is used for being in contact with a rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress, and is provided with a through hole for a high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through;
the pressure-bearing quartz plate 14 is arranged between the upper pressure head and the force transmission pressure head and is provided with a through hole for a high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through; and
the force transmission pressure head 11 is used for contacting with one end of the fracturing sample and is provided with a through hole for a high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through.
Further, the pressure head at the other end of the placement space comprises: a lower ram 4 for contact with the rock mechanics tester to load axial stresses.
Furthermore, the force transmission pressure head and the pressing head are both provided with cooling devices.
Optionally, referring to fig. 1, the outer sides of the force transmission pressure head and the lower pressure head are sleeved with a cooling water pipeline 1, and the force transmission pressure head and the lower pressure head are cooled by cooling water in the cooling water pipeline.
Further, two ends of the heating container are provided with heat insulation boards; the heat insulating plate is provided with a pressing hole for a pressing head in the placing space to pass through.
Referring to fig. 1, the upper end of the heating container is provided with an upper heat insulation plate 8, and the lower end of the heating container is provided with a lower heat insulation plate 9.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: a support 12 for supporting the heating vessel.
Specifically, in order to realize the technical requirement of developing the fracturing physical simulation of the compact sandstone sample at the high temperature indoors, 1) in the compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device, the ceramic heating sleeve can be customized according to the geometric size requirement of the full-diameter fracturing sample, the outer diameter of the ceramic heating sleeve is 30cm, the height is 20cm, the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve is provided with an electric heating coil, the output power of the ceramic heating sleeve is ensured to reach 4 kilowatts, and the temperature is accurately controlled by a thermocouple in the heating process; 2) Upper pressure head, lower pressure head and force transmission pressure head: the design requirements of the three pressure heads are cylinders with the diameter of 100mm, wherein the lower pressure head is a cylinder with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 80 mm; the force transmission pressure head is a cylinder with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 80mm, but a through hole with the diameter of 8mm is pre-drilled in the center position, so that a high-pressure fluid pipeline can conveniently pass through the hole; the diameter of the upper pressure head is 100mm, the height of the upper pressure head is 60mm, and holes with the diameter of 8mm are reserved on the lower end face and the side face and are used for the high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through. And a plurality of circles of steel pipes with the diameter of 4mm are welded around the lower pressure head and the force transmission pressure head and are used for cooling water circulation pipelines to prevent heat from being transferred to the rock mechanical testing machine in the high-temperature heating process. 3) Thermal insulation board: in the working process of the heating sleeve, an upper heat insulating plate and a lower heat insulating plate which are matched with the space of the heating sleeve are respectively processed to prevent heat loss. 4) Heating sleeve support: in order to ensure that the heating sleeve is positioned at the sample position in the heating process, a heating sleeve bracket with adjustable height is processed. 5) The high-strength non-heat-conducting quartz material is adopted to be processed into a quartz plate with the same diameter as the force transmission pressure head, the suggested thickness is 2-4cm, the heat insulation effect is achieved, and a through hole is pre-processed in the center of the quartz plate, so that a high-pressure fluid pipeline can conveniently pass through the through hole. 6) Acoustic emission signal transmission waveguide rod: in developing high-temperature hydraulic fracturing physical simulation, how to monitor the cracking and expanding information of cracks is a technical difficulty, and the acoustic emission probe piezoelectric ceramic is difficult to withstand high-temperature environments under high-temperature conditions.
The fracturing sample can adopt a deep compact sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core, a deep compact sandstone reservoir drilling full-size core (with a diameter of 100mm cylinder) is collected, the collected shale is processed into a standard fracturing sample with a diameter of 100mm and a height of 200mm (the length of which can be adjusted between 160mm and 220 mm) by adopting a horizontal drilling machine, and a straight diamond bit is adopted along the coring direction, and a central hole with a diameter of 8mm and a depth of 130mm is drilled on one end face of the sample to serve as a simulated drilling shaft; placing an elongated steel tube at the central position of an upper well hole of the simulated drilling well shaft as a sleeve in the simulated well, sealing the annular space between the elongated steel tube and the inner wall of the well hole by adopting epoxy resin, waiting for solidification, reserving a high-pressure steel tube with the length of more than 50cm at the other end, and facilitating the elongated steel tube to penetrate out of a force transmission pressure head, a quartz heat insulation plate and an upper pressure head through hole; salt with the length of 30mm is filled in the pit shaft, plasticine is placed on the upper part of the salt, and epoxy resin is prevented from entering the salt when the upper sleeve is sealed, so that a fracturing channel is blocked; then, a syringe injector is adopted to penetrate through the plasticine interlayer, distilled water is injected into the salt filling section to dissolve salt, and the dissolved salt is pumped out to complete the preparation work of the fracturing sample.
Device system construction under alternating actions of temperature and high and low temperature is completed: (1) ceramic heating sleeve: the outer diameter of the ceramic heating sleeve is 30cm, the height of the ceramic heating sleeve is 20cm, the output power of the electric heating coil is 4 kilowatts, and the temperature is precisely controlled to be 0.5 ℃/min during heating; (2) a cylinder with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 80mm is arranged on the lower pressing head; the diameter of the force transmission pressure head is 100mm, the height of the cylinder is 80mm, and a through hole with the diameter of 8mm is drilled in the center position; the diameter of the upper pressing head is 100mm, the height of the upper pressing head is 60mm, and holes with the diameter of 8mm are reserved on the lower end face and the side face. A plurality of circles of steel pipes with the diameter of 4mm are welded around the lower pressure head and the force transmission pressure head; (3) processing an upper heat insulating plate and a lower heat insulating plate which are matched with the space of the heating sleeve; (4) processing a heating sleeve bracket with adjustable height; (5) a pressure-bearing quartz plate with the thickness of 5cm and the diameter of 100mm is arranged between the force transmission pressure head and the upper pressure head and is used for starting the heat insulation effect; (6) four round holes are arranged on the ceramic heating sleeve in an oriented mode, a high-temperature-resistant waveguide rod penetrates through the round holes to be tightly contacted with the surface of a sample after the couplant is smeared, then the other end of the waveguide rod is contacted with an acoustic emission probe through the couplant, and acoustic emission signals in the hydraulic fracturing process are collected through an acoustic emission testing instrument.
The assembly process of the compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device is as follows: placing a lower pressure head on a base of a high-temperature high-pressure rock mechanical testing machine in sequence, fracturing a sample by a cylinder (with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 200 mm), then sequentially placing a force transmission pressure head, a pressure-bearing quartz plate and an upper pressure head on the fracturing sample, and enabling a high-pressure fluid pipeline in the center of the fracturing sample to pass through holes of the force transmission pressure head, the pressure-bearing quartz plate and the upper pressure head; then placing a bracket, placing a lower heat insulation plate, and fixing a heating container on the bracket; then according to the requirements of a fracturing test, a couplant is used for coating the couplant at four fixed positions on the circumferential surface of a fracturing test sample, one end of a waveguide rod, which penetrates through a round hole, is tightly contacted with the surface of the test sample, then the other end of the waveguide rod is contacted with an acoustic emission probe through the couplant, and the acoustic emission probe, a preamplifier and an acoustic emission acquisition instrument are connected through signal wires, so that the positioning and the installation of an acoustic emission monitoring probe are completed; continuously placing an upper heat insulation plate, connecting a power line and a thermocouple lead with a temperature controller, and then connecting a high-pressure fluid pipeline with a servo pump pressure control system; and connecting the cooling water pipelines of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head with a laboratory water pipe to finish the preparation work of the whole sample.
According to a set high-temperature fracturing test scheme of the compact sandstone, synchronously starting a temperature controller and a servo pump pressure control system, heating a compact sandstone sample to a preset value by a heating container according to a set heating rate, keeping the temperature constant for 2 hours, and uniformly heating the internal temperature of the fracturing sample; and then loading a preset axial stress value along the axial direction of the sample by adopting a rock mechanical experiment system, wherein the axial stress is recommended to be 4-6MPa, and the axial stress is kept constant. Starting a servo pump pressure control system, starting an acoustic emission real-time monitoring system, pumping simulated fracturing fluid according to set fracturing fluid displacement parameters, and rapidly increasing the pumping pressure along with the increase of the pumped fracturing fluid, stopping the servo pump pressure control system until a pumping pressure curve obviously rises to a rapid drop point, and obtaining a complex fracture of sample fracturing after the unconventional reservoir is subjected to high temperature and high and low temperature alternation, thereby completing a hydraulic fracturing test.
Optionally, setting the heating temperature to be 200 ℃, synchronously starting a temperature controller and a cooling water system at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, heating the sample to a preset value by adopting a heating sleeve according to the set heating rate, and keeping the temperature constant for 2 hours to uniformly heat the internal temperature of the fracturing sample; then loading a preset axial stress value of 5MPa along the axial direction of the sample by adopting a rock mechanical experiment system, and keeping the axial stress relatively stable, wherein the fluctuation range is smaller than 0.5MPa; and starting a servo pump pressure control system, starting an acoustic emission monitoring instrument, pumping fracturing fluid according to the displacement of 1ml/min by adopting a slickwater fracturing fluid, and rapidly increasing the pump pressure along with the increase of the pumping fracturing fluid, stopping the servo pump pressure control system until the pump pressure curve obviously rises to a rapid drop point, so as to obtain the fracturing complex joint characteristics of the tight sandstone at high temperature, and completing a hydraulic fracturing test.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control system of the tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device, referring to fig. 3, including:
the temperature controller is connected with the heating container to control the heating temperature of the heating container; the servo pump pressure control system is used for adjusting the flow of the pumped fracturing fluid by connecting a pump with the high-pressure fluid pipeline; the heating container is provided with a thermocouple, and the thermocouple is connected with a temperature controller.
Optionally, the temperature controller is used for controlling the heating rate of the heating container, and is connected with a thermocouple contacted with the heating container to control the heating temperature of the heating container according to the feedback temperature of the thermocouple; the servo pump pressure control system is used for controlling the displacement of the pump to pump the pumped fracturing fluid into the high-pressure fluid pipeline, and controlling the opening and closing of the pump according to the pump pressure curve, so that the hydraulic fracturing test is completed.
Further, the tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device is the tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device, and the control system further comprises:
the cooling water control system is used for being connected with the cooling device to control the flow of cooling water; and
the acoustic emission monitoring system is used for being connected with the acoustic emission probe to receive and monitor the acoustic emission signal sent by the acoustic emission probe.
In order to facilitate better control of the temperature of the heating vessel, the control system also comprises a cooling water control system; the cooling water control system is connected with the switch of the cooling water device and is used for controlling the cooling speed by controlling the opening degree of the switch of the cooling water device to adjust the flow of the cooling water; in order to facilitate better monitoring of the fracturing signals of the fracturing test samples, the control system further comprises an acoustic emission monitoring system for receiving the acoustic emission signals sent by the acoustic emission probes so as to monitor the test process of the fracturing test samples.
Other principles are expressed by the same means and are not repeated here.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a testing method based on the tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing test system, as shown in fig. 4, including:
s1, controlling a temperature controller to enable a heating container to be heated to a high-temperature preset value at a stable heating rate, and keeping the temperature constant at the high-temperature preset value so as to enable the internal temperature of a fracturing sample to be heated uniformly;
s2, controlling the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress so that the rock mechanical testing machine can stably load preset axial stress along the axial direction of the fracturing sample;
s3, controlling a servo pump pressure control system to continuously pump fracturing fluid to the fracturing sample through a high-pressure fluid pipeline;
s4, judging whether the pumping pressure of the servo pumping pressure control system is changed from an ascending trend to a falling trend, if so, controlling the servo pumping pressure control system to stop working, and completing the hydraulic fracturing test.
The execution subject of the method can be a separate control component, such as a server, a terminal and a client; the execution body may be each component having a processor function.
Further, a control servo pump pressure control system is controlled to continuously pump fracturing fluid to a fracturing sample through a high-pressure fluid pipeline; thereafter or simultaneously, the method also comprises the following steps: and controlling the acoustic emission monitoring system to receive the damage and rupture signals of the fracturing test sample sent by the acoustic emission probe.
Other principles are described with respect to devices and control systems and are not repeated here.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a tight sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample, as shown with reference to fig. 2, comprising a deep tight sandstone reservoir downhole full diameter core 17;
one end face of the fracturing sample is provided with a central hole serving as a simulated shaft; the center of the simulated well is used for placing an elongated steel tube serving as a sleeve in the simulated well, and a gap between the sleeve in the simulated well and the inner wall of the simulated well is sealed by sealant;
optionally, the sealant is an epoxy 16.
The bottom of the simulated wellbore is provided with a cavity for filling soluble matters; the cavity is provided with software for covering the cavity;
optionally, the soft body is a plasticine 18.
The test device further comprises a syringe; the end of the syringe is adapted to be connected to a high pressure fluid line to inject a liquid for dissolving the solubles through the elongated steel tube into the cavity and withdraw the liquid after dissolving the solubles from the cavity.
Further, the deep compact sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core is of a cylindrical structure.
Further, the soluble substance is water soluble substance, and the liquid for dissolving the soluble substance is water.
Optionally, the water soluble substance is salt 19.
Therefore, the compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing sample, the device, the control system and the test method can be used for researching the evaluation and research of fracturing and seam making effects of compact sandstone reservoirs (shale gas, compact sandstone gas and the like), and provide technical support for new technology and new process research of compact sandstone reservoir fracturing, and provide a technical means for researching a high-temperature reservoir fracturing and seam expanding mechanism.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (16)
1. The utility model provides a compact sandstone high temperature fracturing test device which characterized in that includes:
a heating container provided with a placing space for placing the fracturing sample;
the two ends of the placing space are respectively provided with a pressure head which is suitable for the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress to the fracturing sample in the placing space; and
and the high-pressure fluid pipeline is used for penetrating into the fracturing sample through a pipeline after penetrating through the pressure head at one end of the placing space.
2. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 1, wherein: further comprises:
one end of the waveguide rod is used for contacting with the fracturing sample after penetrating through the heating container, and the other end of the waveguide rod is connected with an acoustic emission probe.
3. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 2, wherein: the number of the waveguide rods is a plurality of; the heating container is provided with a plurality of mounting holes for the waveguide rod to pass through; one end of each waveguide rod passes through the mounting hole and then contacts with the surface of the fracturing sample through the coupling agent; the other end of each waveguide rod is contacted with the acoustic emission probe through a coupling agent.
4. A tight sandstone high temperature fracture test device according to claim 3, wherein: the number of the mounting holes is 4; the 4 mounting holes are uniformly arranged at the side of the heating container.
5. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 1, wherein: the fracturing sample comprises a deep compact sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core; the deep compact sandstone reservoir underground full-diameter core is of a cylindrical structure; the pipeline is an elongated steel pipe;
one end face of the fracturing sample is provided with a central hole serving as a simulated shaft; the center of the simulated well is used for placing an elongated steel tube serving as a sleeve in the simulated well, and a gap between the sleeve in the simulated well and the inner wall of the simulated well is sealed by sealant;
one end of the slender steel pipe is used for being connected with a high-pressure fluid pipeline;
the bottom of the simulated wellbore is provided with a cavity for filling soluble matters; the cavity is provided with software for covering the cavity;
the test device further comprises a syringe; the end of the syringe is adapted to be connected to a high pressure fluid line to inject a liquid for dissolving the solubles through the elongated steel tube into the cavity and withdraw the liquid after dissolving the solubles from the cavity.
6. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 5, wherein: the sealant is epoxy resin, the soluble matters are table salt, and the liquid for dissolving the soluble matters is water.
7. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 2 or 5, wherein: the heating container is a ceramic heating sleeve; the ceramic heating sleeve comprises a ceramic sleeve; an electric heating coil is arranged on the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve.
8. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 7, wherein: the pressure head of placing space one end includes:
the upper pressure head is used for being in contact with the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress, and is provided with a through hole for a high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through;
the pressure-bearing quartz plate is arranged between the upper pressure head and the force transmission pressure head and is provided with a through hole for a high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through; and
and the force transmission pressure head is used for being contacted with one end of the fracturing sample and is provided with a through hole for a high-pressure fluid pipeline to pass through.
9. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 8, wherein: the pressure head of placing the space other end includes: and the lower pressure head is used for being contacted with the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress.
10. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 8, wherein: and the force transmission pressure head and the pressing head are respectively provided with a cooling device.
11. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 2 or 5, wherein: both ends of the heating container are provided with heat insulation boards; the heat insulating plate is provided with a pressing hole for a pressing head in the placing space to pass through.
12. The tight sandstone high-temperature fracture test device of claim 2 or 5, wherein: further comprises: and a bracket for supporting the heating container.
13. A control system for a tight sandstone high temperature fracture test device according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein: comprising the following steps:
the temperature controller is connected with the heating container to control the heating temperature of the heating container; and
the servo pump pressure control system is used for adjusting the flow of the pumped fracturing fluid by connecting a pump with a high-pressure fluid pipeline;
the heating container is provided with a thermocouple, and the thermocouple is connected with a temperature controller.
14. The control system of a tight sandstone high temperature fracture test device of claim 13, wherein: the compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device is the compact sandstone high-temperature fracturing test device of claim 10, and the control system further comprises:
the cooling water control system is used for being connected with the cooling device to control the flow of cooling water; and
the acoustic emission monitoring system is used for being connected with the acoustic emission probe to receive and monitor the acoustic emission signal sent by the acoustic emission probe.
15. A testing method based on the tight sandstone high-temperature fracture testing system of claim 13 or 14, comprising:
controlling a temperature controller to enable the heating container to be heated to a high-temperature preset value at a stable heating rate, and keeping the temperature constant at the high-temperature preset value so as to enable the internal temperature of the fracturing sample to be heated uniformly;
controlling the rock mechanical testing machine to load axial stress so that the rock mechanical testing machine can stably load preset axial stress along the axial direction of the fracturing sample;
the control system of the control servo pump pressure continuously pumps fracturing fluid to the fracturing sample through a high-pressure fluid pipeline;
judging whether the pumping pressure of the servo pumping pressure control system is changed from an ascending trend to a falling trend, if so, controlling the servo pumping pressure control system to stop working, and completing the hydraulic fracturing test.
16. The test method of claim 15, wherein the servo pump control system is controlled to continuously pump the fracturing fluid to the fracturing sample through the high pressure fluid line; thereafter or simultaneously, the method also comprises the following steps: and controlling the acoustic emission monitoring system to receive the damage and rupture signals of the fracturing test sample sent by the acoustic emission probe.
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