CN117185877A - Liquid compound bacterial fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid compound bacterial fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Landscapes
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste recycling, in particular to a preparation method of a liquid compound bacterial fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (1) Placing kitchen waste into a reaction device for solid-liquid separation; (2) Adding rice hulls and biochar into the solid kitchen waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain composite kitchen waste solid compost; (3) Adding a composite bacterial system into the kitchen waste liquid separated in the step (1) to prepare a liquid fertilizer, and mixing the liquid fertilizer with the kitchen waste compost in the step (2) to obtain the composite bacterial fertilizer. The composite bacterial fertilizer prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention realizes the full recycling of kitchen waste, reduces the load of a waste treatment plant, and avoids the pollution and hazard risks of kitchen waste to the environment and human bodies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste recycling, in particular to a liquid compound bacterial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A large amount of kitchen waste liquid is generated in the kitchen waste collection and transportation treatment process, the kitchen waste liquid belongs to high-concentration organic waste liquid, contains rich amino acids, N, P, K and major and trace elements required by plant growth, the COD content is generally above 10g/L, if kitchen Yu Feiye directly enters a municipal sewage pipe network, grease in the kitchen waste liquid can be attached and solidified on the pipe wall, the kitchen waste liquid is extremely difficult to clean, and the pipeline system can be blocked for a long time; if the kitchen Yu Feiye enters a municipal sewage treatment plant, a large amount of organic pollutants can greatly increase the organic load of a treatment system, the proportion and balance of nutrient substances in subsequent biochemical treatment are destroyed, so that the water quality of effluent cannot be ensured, and on the other hand, kitchen waste liquid is treated as sewage, so that the waste of organic matter resources is also caused; if the kitchen Yu Feiye is discharged into a natural water body, the oxygen-consuming organic matter level in the water is quickly increased, the dissolved oxygen content in the water is reduced, the water body is subjected to eutrophication, the water quality is quickly deteriorated, heavy striking is caused to aquatic ecology, and a black and odorous water body is formed by serious people; if the kitchen Yu Feiye enters the soil, the original aggregate structure in the soil is structurally damaged, so that a soil layer is hardened and is in an anoxic state for a long time, the microenvironment ecology of the soil is damaged, and the yield of crops is reduced or is insulated; the kitchen waste liquid which is not treated properly is exposed to the external environment, volatile components and decomposition products, particularly grease decomposition products, in the kitchen waste liquid enter the atmosphere, and a large amount of malodorous gas causes serious atmospheric pollution.
The high-concentration organic waste liquid represented by kitchen waste liquid is suitable for being used as a cheap culture medium for culturing PGPR to prepare the agricultural growth-promoting bacterial fertilizer due to the fact that the content of organic matters is rich and the content of toxic and harmful matters is less. The method for preparing the growth-promoting bacterial fertilizer by using the kitchen waste liquid is to culture microorganisms with specific functions by using high nutrition in the kitchen waste liquid, so as to obtain a biological bacterial fertilizer product with specific functions. The method has the advantages of no secondary pollution, low cost, quick response and the like, so the method is more and more valued by students at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that kitchen waste contains a large amount of organic matters, is extremely easy to be decomposed and deteriorated, and can cause harm to environmental safety and human health if being not reasonably treated, and provides a liquid compound bacterial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a liquid compound bacterial fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing kitchen waste into a reaction device for solid-liquid separation;
(2) Adding rice hulls and biochar into the solid kitchen waste subjected to the solid-liquid separation in the step (1) to obtain composite kitchen waste compost;
(3) Adding a composite bacterial system into the kitchen waste liquid separated in the step (1) to prepare a liquid fertilizer, and mixing the liquid fertilizer with the kitchen waste compost in the step (2) to obtain the composite bacterial fertilizer.
The preparation process of the compound bacterial fertilizer provided by the invention enables two kitchen waste recycling approaches to have extremely high complementarity.
Preferably, the reaction device in step (1) comprises a solid-liquid separation device, a thermometer and a ventilation device.
Preferably, a screen is arranged at the bottom of the solid-liquid separation device.
Preferably, the kitchen waste is piled on a screen.
Preferably, the ventilation means takes the form of intermittent ventilation.
Preferably, the intermittent ventilation mode is as follows: ventilating for 5min, and intermittently ventilating for 30min at a ventilation flow of 4L/min.
In the invention, in the step (2), the mixture of kitchen waste, rice hulls and biochar is prepared, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled to be 25.
Preferably, the complex bacterial strain in step (3) is at least four of bacillus cereus, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia wound, stenotrophomonas maltophilia or colese's disease.
Preferably, the complex bacterial strain in step (3) is a combination of bacillus cereus, enterobacter cloacae, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and coxsackie.
In the invention, three factors of rotation speed, temperature and inoculation amount of a shaking table are generally controlled to culture PGPR (composite bacterial strain) in kitchen waste liquid, so that the PGPR reaches the optimal growth state, and then the PGPR is applied to the preparation of the composite bacterial fertilizer.
Preferably, the amount of the composite bacterial strain in the step (3) is 0.1% -0.5% of the mass of the composite kitchen waste, for example, may be 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5%.
Preferably, the amount of the composite bacterial system in the step (3) is 0.2% of the mass of the composite kitchen waste, and the number of viable bacteria of the composite bacterial system is the largest in the proportion.
Preferably, the mixing in step (3) is carried out for 7 to 10 days, for example, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, or the like.
The strengthening process of the invention comprises the following steps: intermittent ventilation is adopted, the ventilation is carried out for 5min, the ventilation is carried out for 30min, and the ventilation flow is 4L/min. Rice husk and biochar are added according to the water content of kitchen waste, and the water content of the whole material is kept to be about 65%.
On the other hand, the liquid compound bacterial fertilizer prepared by the preparation method can realize full recycling of the residual garbage, reduce the load of garbage treatment factories, avoid pollution and hazard risks of kitchen garbage to the environment and human bodies, has the potential of replacing chemical fertilizers, realizes the reduction of chemical fertilizers, can improve the current situation that agricultural production depends on chemical fertilizers, and promotes the development of a kitchen garbage recycling system.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the full recycling of kitchen waste is realized, the load of a waste treatment plant is reduced, and the pollution and hazard risks of the kitchen waste to the environment and human bodies are avoided.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) And taking kitchen waste of the student canteen, selecting and removing sundries, and simply crushing the kitchen waste by using a stirrer. The experimental device uses a barrel of about 10L and consists of a solid-liquid separation device, a thermometer and a ventilation device. The bottom of the solid-liquid separation device is provided with a screen, compost raw materials are piled on the screen, and the outside of the barrel wall is wrapped by heat insulation materials. The ventilation adopts intermittent ventilation (ventilation for 5min, intermittent ventilation for 30min, ventilation flow rate of 4L/min). Rice husk and biochar are added according to the water content of kitchen waste, and the water content of the whole material is kept to be about 65%. The EM microbial inoculum is adopted to strengthen the compost, and the application amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.2 percent of that of the compost raw material. And the composting time is 8d, and sampling and detecting are carried out after the composting is finished. The detection indexes comprise pH, water content, C/N, quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, maturity, enzyme activity and seed Germination (GI) of kitchen waste raw materials and compost products before and after composting.
(2) The 7 PGPR strains are identified in the capabilities of phosphate dissolving, nitrogen fixing, IAA secretion and siderophore secretion, and the S1, S2, S3, N7 and P3 are found to have stronger growth promoting capability. The method is selected to examine whether 7 PGPR strains can be co-cultured, and the antagonistic relationship between the K9 strain and most other PGPR strains is found, and in addition, N4 has antagonistic phenomenon with S3 and P3, so that the co-culture cannot be performed. Because N4 and K9 are main antagonistic strains, strong antagonism does not exist among other 5 strains, and the strains can be co-cultured. By combining the previous research results S1, S2, S3, N7 and P3, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, IAA secretion, siderophore secretion and other promotion effects can be covered, and part of strains have strong promotion capability, so that S1, S2, S3, N7 and P3 are initially selected for constructing a composite flora. The 5 PGPR strains initially used for constructing the complex flora were identified as S1 Bacillus cereus, S2 Enterobacter cloacae (Enterobacter cloacae), S3 Escherichia coli, N7 Pseudomonas maltophilia (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia), and P3 Cookie saxoides (Kosakonia cowanii). The constructed PGPR complex flora is S1, S2, N7 and P3.
(3) And (3) in response surface optimization research, from the consideration of PGPR growth influence factors, three factors including rotation speed, temperature and inoculum size of a shaking table are selected to optimize the culture of PGPR in kitchen waste liquid, three levels (A: rotation speed of the shaking table is 120/150/180rpm; B: temperature is 25/30/35 ℃ and inoculum size is 1/1.5/2%) are respectively selected according to the previous research result, design-Expert 12 software Box-Behnken Design is adopted to carry out experimental Design on the three factors, and the number of viable bacteria of the final composite flora is taken as a criterion, wherein the experimental Design is shown in the following table 1. Before culturing, pH of kitchen waste liquid is adjusted to 7.0 by using 6mol/L NaOH solution, and the number of viable bacteria is detected by adopting a dilution coating flat plate method for culturing liquid bacterial manure for 3 d. Finally, the ecological fertilizer and the compost are combined to prepare the compound bacterial fertilizer which is applied to the soil.
Examples 2 to 13 were substantially the same as in example 1 except that the rotation speed of the shaking table, the temperature and the inoculation amount of the complex bacterial system were set as shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Examples | Rotation speed/rpm of shaking table | Temperature/. Degree.C | Inoculum size/% |
| 1 | 180 | 30 | 1 |
| 2 | 150 | 25 | 1 |
| 3 | 150 | 30 | 1.5 |
| 4 | 180 | 30 | 2 |
| 5 | 120 | 25 | 1.5 |
| 6 | 120 | 35 | 1.5 |
| 7 | 150 | 35 | 1 |
| 8 | 120 | 30 | 1 |
| 9 | 120 | 30 | 2 |
| 10 | 150 | 35 | 2 |
| 11 | 180 | 35 | 1.5 |
| 12 | 150 | 25 | 2 |
| 13 | 180 | 25 | 1.5 |
The experiments performed in examples 1-13 above were tested as follows:
research on influence of organic compound bacterial fertilizer on soil fertility and plant growth
The effect of different fertilizer application combinations on tomato seedling growth was examined by potting experimental methods. The farmland soil in Changping area of Beijing city is used as cultivation substrate, and is used for sorting and separating stone, dead leaves, branches and other sundries. 1kg of soil is taken from each flowerpot, 1 tomato seedling with four leaves and one heart is transplanted, water is added to soak the soil, composting and compound bacterial manure are sequentially applied according to the description of each treatment group in table 2, the soil is cultivated in an illumination incubator under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 18% of water, and the illumination/darkness is 12h/12h, the water content is kept at 18%, and three parallel control experiments are arranged in each treatment group. The tomato seedling plant height, stem thickness and dry weight were measured at 7, 14, 21 and 35d after seedling transplanting.
TABLE 2
| Marking | Treatment of |
| Blank processing | Without applying any fertiliser |
| Examples 1 to 13 | 100mL of liquid bacterial manure and 100g of compost are applied |
The index detection methods are as follows:
the quick-acting nitrogen in soil is detected by adopting an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method. And (3) air-drying, crushing and sieving potting experimental soil with a 100-mesh sieve, taking 2g of soil sample below the sieve, uniformly placing the soil sample on the outer ring of the diffusion vessel, adding 2mL of boric acid solution into the inner ring of the diffusion vessel, dripping an indicator, coating special glue on the edge of the outer ring of the diffusion vessel, and rotating to cover ground glass so as to enable the ground glass to be completely adhered to the edge of the outer ring of the diffusion vessel. Turning off the frosted glass, dripping 10mL of NaOH solution into the outer ring of the diffusion vessel, resealing the diffusion vessel, fastening by using rubber bands, and horizontally placing the diffusion vessel in a constant temperature incubator at 40+/-0.1 ℃ for 24 hours. H completed by calibration 2 SO 4 Titrating the solution in the inner ring of the diffusion vessel, taking the time when the solution is changed from green to grey red as a titration end point, and recording H 2 SO 4 Consuming volume.
The quick-acting phosphorus in soil is detected by adopting a sodium bicarbonate leaching-molybdenum-antimony spectrophotometry. The potting experiment soil is air-dried, crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, 2.5g of the soil sample under the sieve is taken, placed in a 150mL conical flask, and 50mL NaHCO is added 3 The leaching solution is pricked into a bottle mouth by a sealing film, and is oscillated for 30min in a shaking table at 25 ℃ and 150rpm, so that quick-acting phosphorus is completely leached. Filtering with phosphorus-free filter paper after oscillation, taking 5mL of filtrate in a 50mL colorimetric tube, dripping an indicator, regulating the pH value to be colorless, adding an ascorbic acid solution and a molybdate solution, uniformly oscillating, developing color for 30min, measuring absorbance at 880nm, and calculating the quick-acting phosphorus concentration of soil by adopting a standard curve method.
The quick-acting potassium detection method of the soil adopts an ammonium acetate leaching method for detection. The potting experiment soil is air-dried, crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, 5g of the soil sample is taken out, placed in a 150mL conical flask, 50mL of ammonium acetate solution is added, a sealing film is used for pricking a bottle mouth, and the sealing film is oscillated in a shaking table at 25 ℃ and 150rpm for 30min, so that the quick-acting potassium in the soil is completely leached. After shaking, the mixture was filtered through a non-phosphate filter paper, and the filtrate was examined by ICP-OES.
Measuring the diameter of the main stem of tomato seedling stem by adopting a vernier caliper; the dry weight of the tomato seedlings is determined by using an oven at 105 ℃ to remove the green of the harvested seedlings for 30 minutes, drying the seedlings to constant weight and measuring the dry weight by using an electronic balance.
The results of the data obtained in examples 1-13 for the improvement of various index values of soil and plants relative to the blank are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the culture conditions of the composite bacterial system provided in example 3 show that the cultured composite bacterial system has the best effect of improving various indexes of soil and plants, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the soil can be obviously improved and the plant growth is promoted under the culture conditions that the rotation speed of a shaking table is 150rpm, the temperature is 30 ℃ and the inoculum size is 1.5%, so that the conditions of example 3 are optimized in practical application, and the prepared composite bacterial fertilizer has the best application effect by matching with the preparation method of the liquid composite bacterial fertilizer provided by the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a liquid compound bacterial fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing kitchen waste into a reaction device for solid-liquid separation;
(2) Adding rice hulls and biochar into the solid kitchen waste subjected to the solid-liquid separation in the step (1) to obtain kitchen waste compost;
(3) Adding a composite bacterial system into the kitchen waste liquid separated in the step (1) to prepare a liquid fertilizer, and mixing the liquid fertilizer with the kitchen waste compost in the step (2) to obtain the composite bacterial fertilizer.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reaction device in the step (1) comprises a solid-liquid separation device, a thermometer and a ventilation device;
preferably, a screen is arranged at the bottom of the solid-liquid separation device;
preferably, the kitchen waste is piled on a screen.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the ventilation device adopts an intermittent ventilation state;
preferably, the intermittent ventilation mode is as follows: ventilating for 5min, and intermittently ventilating for 30min at a ventilation flow of 4L/min.
4. A production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: and (3) in the step (2), the mixture of kitchen waste, rice hulls and biochar is formed, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled to be 25.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the compound bacteria in the step (3) are at least four of bacillus cereus, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, stenotrophomonas maltophilia or coxsackie.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 5, wherein: the complex bacterial system in the step (3) is a combination of bacillus cereus, enterobacter cloacae, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and colese's disease.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the dosage of the composite bacterial system in the step (3) is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the composite kitchen waste.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein: the dosage of the composite bacterial system in the step (3) is 0.2 percent of the mass of the composite kitchen waste.
9. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the mixing time in the step (3) is 7-10 days.
10. The liquid compound bacterial fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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