CN117183317B - Synchronous annealing and stress relieving method and device for additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Synchronous annealing and stress relieving method and device for additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a synchronous annealing and stress-relieving method and device for additive manufacturing, which comprise the following steps: s1, simulating and calculating the stress concentration position of a workpiece, and marking the stress concentration position on a reference model; s2, defining a processing area in the additive manufacturing device; s3, marking a pre-processing point in the delimited processing area, and placing a reference model aiming at the pre-processing point; s4, arranging a first heating device outside the processing area and aligning the stress concentration position marked on the reference model; s5, setting a second heating device to heat and stress the stress concentration position of the processing blind spot; s6, starting the material adding manufacturing device; and S7, in the additive manufacturing process, the first heating device and the second heating device heat and stress the workpiece. According to the additive manufacturing method, the stress concentration position is calculated through simulation, and then the first heating device is arranged in a targeted mode to perform heat treatment, so that the additive manufacturing method has the advantages of being high in pertinence and low in energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a synchronous annealing and stress relieving method and device for additive manufacturing.
Background
Additive manufacturing generally refers to 3D printing, which is a rapid prototyping technology, and according to different materials, the requirements on the processing mode are different, for example, when the additive manufacturing is performed by using thermoplastic or thermosetting materials, the additive manufacturing is performed by heating and stacking the hot-melting materials, and when the additive manufacturing is performed by using metal powder materials, the additive manufacturing is performed by processing through an electric arc or laser mode, so that a workpiece is manufactured. The additive manufacturing has the advantages of low cost, capability of avoiding waste of materials and energy sources, suitability for machining complex workpieces and the like, and has been rapidly developed in recent years.
When a metal material is used as a preparation material, stress is generated because a hot-melt material is required for molding, and annealing and stress relief treatment is required after the preparation of the workpiece is completed in order to avoid the influence of the stress on the structural strength of the workpiece, but after printing of a large workpiece, it is difficult to perform integral annealing in a heat treatment furnace, for example, a large titanium alloy member for aerospace, a large stainless steel member, etc. having a size of 5 m or more, and thus local annealing of the workpiece is required.
The invention patent application with the prior application publication number of CN115255399A discloses a 3D printing device and a method for eliminating printing defects by utilizing micro-zone synchronous heat treatment, wherein the 3D printing device comprises a 3D printing device body and an infrared halogen lamp; the infrared halogen lamp is arranged near a laser printing head of the 3D printing device body, and the infrared halogen lamp is used for heating the position of a molten pool micro-area which is melted in the early stage of laser to the heat treatment temperature in the laser processing process so as to gradually cool the molten pool;
the invention patent application with the publication number of CN112338201A discloses a method for synchronous heat treatment of 3D printing, which comprises the following steps that S1, a carbon dioxide laser is adopted as a synchronous heat treatment heat source for manufacturing parts by 3D printing additive; s2, intelligent temperature measurement of the 3D printing process is performed by an infrared imaging thermometer;
s3, performing 3D printing manufacturing of the metal part by adopting a method of synchronizing 3D printing of a fiber laser and heat treatment of a carbon dioxide laser; and S4, determining laser power of the carbon dioxide laser, and performing 3D printing manufacturing of the metal part by adopting a method of performing 3D printing of the fiber laser and heat treatment of the synchronous carbon dioxide laser.
In the two technical schemes, the infrared halogen lamp and the laser are adopted as the heat source, and the common point is that the heat source moves along with the printing component (the laser gun body/the optical fiber laser) to synchronously realize heat treatment. However, the processing mode is limited by the structure, the heat treatment can be synchronously performed only when the printing part linearly displaces, and the printing part is required to excessively move at the end point and the turning point of the printing track, so that the heat source can perform the heat treatment on the end point and the turning point, thereby causing the problem of prolonged processing path, increasing the production time and reducing the production efficiency; meanwhile, the synchronous heat treatment has the problems of poor pertinence and energy waste.
The prior patent with publication number CN109663917B discloses a device and a method for manufacturing a titanium-based composite material by electromagnetic induction heating assisted laser additive. The coil is connected to the output end of the electromagnetic induction extension machine, and the coil and the laser head synchronously move, so that the deposition sample piece is preheated and slowly cooled in a small area in real time.
Although the heat source (coil) and the printing component (laser head) are coaxially arranged in the technical scheme, the technical scheme has the same problems as the two technical schemes because the laser printing speed is higher, namely, the heat source always moves, the heating of the workpiece is insufficient, the stress is removed, the short heating treatment is not needed, the residual stress is easily caused to the workpiece, and therefore, part of the workpiece still needs to be subjected to heat preservation treatment, which cannot be realized by the prior scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a synchronous annealing and destressing method and an additive manufacturing device for additive manufacturing, which can perform targeted heating and heat preservation and have low energy consumption, so as to solve the problems of poor pertinence, high energy consumption and incapability of heat preservation in the destressing mode in the existing additive manufacturing technical scheme.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
in one aspect, the invention provides a method for simultaneous annealing and stress relief for additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:
s1, simulating and calculating the stress concentration position of a workpiece, and marking the stress concentration position on a reference model;
s2, defining a processing area in the additive manufacturing device;
s3, marking a pre-processing point in the delimited processing area, and placing a reference model aiming at the pre-processing point;
s4, fixedly arranging a first heating device outside the processing area, and adjusting the first heating device to be aligned to the stress concentration position marked on the reference model;
s5, arranging a movable second heating device for heating and destressing the stress concentration position of the processing blind spot of the first heating device;
s6, taking down the reference model, and starting the material adding manufacturing device to work;
and S7, in the additive manufacturing process, the first heating device and the second heating device heat and stress the workpiece.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, step S4 includes:
s41, arranging a flexible base outside the processing area, and arranging a first heating device on the flexible base;
s42, adjusting the first heating device to align with the stress concentration position marked on the reference model, and then taking down the reference model;
s43, the additive manufacturing device runs in a trial mode, the fact that the arrangement position of the first heating device does not interfere with a processing path is guaranteed, and then the additive manufacturing device resets;
s44, the reference model alignment pre-machining point is placed back into the machining area.
On the basis of the above technical solution, it is preferable that the reference model is a model piece or a prepared workpiece, the reference model has two, wherein,
a reference model has the shape of a workpiece subjected to heat treatment, and the reference model is a model part or a prepared workpiece;
the other reference model has a shape of the workpiece which is not subjected to heat treatment, and the reference model is a model part.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, step S7 includes:
s71, dividing a single stress concentration position of a workpiece into a plurality of parts;
s72, setting a temperature detection and regulation device for detecting and regulating the heating temperature and the heating time of the first heating device and the second heating device;
s73, after the stress concentration structure of the workpiece is printed for a certain layer thickness, the first heating device or the second heating device carries out heat treatment stress relief on the printed part, and when the stress relief is carried out by heating, the additive manufacturing continues to work; and after the workpiece is accumulated for a certain thickness again, performing heat treatment for stress relief again until the heat treatment for stress relief work of the workpiece stress concentration position is completed, and synchronously detecting and regulating the heating temperature and the heating time of the first heating device and the second heating device by the temperature detection regulating device.
On the other hand, the invention provides an additive manufacturing device applying the synchronous annealing and stress-relieving method for additive manufacturing, which comprises a machine body, a processing head, a lifting table and a processing table, wherein,
a processing chamber is arranged in the machine body;
the processing head is movably arranged in the processing chamber;
the lifting table is arranged in the processing cavity in a sliding manner and can move relative to the processing head;
the processing table is arranged on the lifting table; the first heating device is arranged on the processing table, and the second heating device is movably arranged in the processing chamber.
On the basis of the technical proposal, the processing table preferably comprises a base, an annular table, an inner table, a bracket and a lifting piece, wherein,
the base is arranged on the lifting table;
the annular table is arranged on the base, and the first heating device is arranged on the annular table;
the inner table is arranged in the central hole of the annular table and is in sliding connection with the annular table;
the support is arranged on one surface of the base far away from the inner table;
the lifting piece is arranged on the bracket, and the movable end of the lifting piece penetrates through the base and is connected with the inner table.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the annular table is preferably a rotary table.
In the above aspect, preferably, a plurality of first heating devices are provided on the circumferential surface of the annular table, and the plurality of first heating devices are spirally provided with respect to the axis of the annular table.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the device preferably further comprises a gooseneck, one end of the gooseneck is connected with the processing table, and the other end of the gooseneck is connected with the first heating device.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the device also preferably comprises a mechanical arm, wherein one end of the mechanical arm is connected with the machine body, and the other end of the mechanical arm is connected with the second heating device.
Compared with the prior art, the additive manufacturing synchronous annealing stress-relieving method and the additive manufacturing device have the following beneficial effects:
(1) In the additive manufacturing method, the stress concentration position is calculated through simulation, and then the first heating device is arranged in a targeted manner to perform heat treatment, so that uninterrupted heat treatment is not needed; meanwhile, the first heating device is fixedly arranged outside the processing area, so that normal additive manufacturing work is not interfered, heating and heat preservation work of the workpiece can be realized in the manufacturing process, residual stress of the workpiece can be better removed, so that the structural strength of the workpiece is effectively improved, the heating device and additive manufacturing are synchronously carried out, heat treatment and stress removal work of the workpiece can be timely completed, the forming quality of the workpiece is guaranteed, the processing time is obviously shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved;
(2) By setting the reference model for the installation reference of the first heating device, the first heating device can be ensured to be aligned to the stress concentration position of the workpiece during production, and the stress relieving effect of the heat treatment of the first heating device is improved;
(3) By arranging the second heating device, the second heating device can move, and can perform heat treatment on the heat treatment blind spot of the first heating device, so that the stress of a workpiece is fully removed, and the performance of the workpiece can be further ensured;
(4) In the additive manufacturing device, a processing table comprises an annular table and an inner table, a first heating device is arranged on the annular table, the inner table is used for bearing a workpiece and can be lifted by a lifting piece, so that after the partial printing of the workpiece is finished in the additive manufacturing process, the workpiece can be directly heated, insulated and destressed by the first heating device, and the inner table and the workpiece can be lifted by the lifting piece according to a plurality of areas with the same circumferential position but different height directions, and the heat treatment work of the plurality of areas of the workpiece can be realized by the first heating device, so that the application convenience is improved;
(5) The annular table adopts the rotary workbench, so that the annular table can drive the first heating device to rotate, and the first heating device can perform heat treatment on areas with different circumferential positions of a workpiece, so that the application convenience is further improved;
(6) The first heating device is provided with a plurality of spiral, so when the annular table drives the first heating device to rotate, the heat treatment work can be carried out on the areas with different heights of the workpiece, the inner table does not need to be lifted at the moment, the influence on additive manufacturing can be reduced, the stability of the additive manufacturing device is guaranteed, and the forming quality of the workpiece is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the additive manufacturing synchronous annealing destressing method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a processing station of the additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a processing station of the additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a first heating device; 2. a second heating device; 3. a body; 301. a processing chamber; 4. a processing head; 5. a lifting table; 6. a processing table; 61. a base; 62. an annular table; 621. a pedestal; 622. a turntable; 63. an inner stage; 64. a bracket; 65. a lifting member; 7. a gooseneck; 8. and (5) a mechanical arm.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will clearly and fully describe the technical aspects of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention includes a first heating device 1, a second heating device 2, a machine body 3, a processing head 4, a lift table 5, a processing table 6, a gooseneck 7, and a robot arm 8.
Wherein, the machine body 3 is internally provided with a processing chamber 301; the processing head 4 is movably disposed within the processing chamber 301; the lifting table 5 is slidably arranged in the processing chamber 301, and the lifting table 5 can be displaced relative to the processing head 4; the processing table 6 is arranged on the lifting table 5; the first heating device 1 is arranged on the processing table 6, and the second heating device 2 is movably arranged in the processing chamber 301;
in the above structure, the machine body 3 is a body of the additive manufacturing device, the processing chamber 301 is used for forming a workpiece, and the processing head 4 can be disposed in the processing chamber 301 by using a multi-axis moving mechanism, for example, a plurality of groups of linear guide rails are used to drive the processing head 4 to displace for forming the workpiece;
the processing table 6 is used for bearing workpieces, and in order to further improve the convenience of processing, the lifting table 5 is arranged to bear the processing table 6 and the workpieces, so that the lifting table 5 can be matched with the processing head 4 to synchronously carry out displacement adjustment so as to better shape the workpieces; specifically, during manufacturing, the materials output by the processing head 4 are stacked on the processing table 6 to form a workpiece, and of course, powder can be covered on the processing table 6, and then the processing head 4 is used for hot melt molding;
in the preparation process of the workpiece, along with the gradual forming of the workpiece, the first heating device 1 is used for heating, preserving heat and other heat treatment works on the stress concentration position of the workpiece, meanwhile, the processing head 4 is used for synchronously processing, and the two parts do not interfere, and as the stress is removed only by carrying out heat treatment on the stress concentration position, compared with the traditional integral annealing treatment of a large-scale metal component, the local heating annealing obviously reduces the energy consumption, reduces the carbon emission and realizes the green energy-saving manufacture;
in the preparation process, the first heating device 1 can perform heat treatment on the peripheral surface of the workpiece, but in the height direction, namely on the generation path of the workpiece, the first heating device 1 is not arranged to avoid machining interference, and the movable second heating device 2 is used for performing heat treatment work to eliminate heat treatment blind spots, so that the stress removal effect on the workpiece is improved, and the forming quality of the workpiece is ensured.
Specifically, one end of the mechanical arm 8 is connected with the machine body 3, and the other end is connected with the second heating device 2;
in the above structure, the second heating device 2 is installed and fixed by the mechanical arm 8, and the mechanical arm 8 is installed on the machine body 3, so that the processing head 4 and the second heating device 2 are both independent structures, and the movements of the two are not interfered with each other, so that after the processing head 4 completes the local forming of the workpiece, if the part is a stress concentration position, the mechanical arm 8 can immediately drive the second heating device 2 to heat and stress the stress concentration position, and the mechanical arm 8 and the second heating device 2 are not influenced by the displacement of the processing head 4, and the mechanical arm 8 and the second heating device 2 can keep motionless so as to perform heat preservation treatment on the workpiece;
the mechanical arm 8 and the processing head 4 can be fixed on the same displacement mechanism, so that the mechanical arm 8 can move along with the processing head 4, the processing head 4 can continue to work after forming aiming at the stress concentration position, the second heating device 2 can perform position adjustment through the mechanical arm 8, and the second heating device 2 always performs heating treatment corresponding to the stress concentration position, namely the second heating device 2 still cannot be influenced by the displacement of the processing head 4;
like for some thin-walled parts, the second heating device 2 can also move synchronously along with the processing head 4 without long-time heat preservation.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the processing table 6 includes a base 61, an annular table 62, an inner table 63, a bracket 64, and a lifter 65, wherein the base 61 is provided on the lifter 5; an annular table 62 is provided on the base 61, and the first heating device 1 is provided on the annular table 62; the inner table 63 is arranged in the central hole of the annular table 62, and the inner table 63 is in sliding connection with the annular table 62; the bracket 64 is arranged on one surface of the base 61 away from the inner table 63; the lifting member 65 is arranged on the bracket 64, and the movable end of the lifting member 65 passes through the base 61 and is connected with the inner table 63;
the above structure, wherein the inner stage 63 is used for carrying the workpiece, and the annular stage 62 is used for installing the first heating device 1, so that after the workpiece is formed on the inner stage 63, the first heating device 1 on the annular stage 62 can directly heat the stress concentration part of the workpiece for heat preservation and heat treatment;
because the first heating device 1 is fixedly arranged, and the workpiece is continuously formed in the height direction, the height application range of the first heating device 1 needs to be expanded, and after the inner platform 63 is connected with the movable end of the lifting piece 65, the lifting piece 65 can drive the inner platform 63 and the workpiece to lift, so that the first heating device 1 can perform heat treatment on the positions of different heights of the workpiece; to ensure the stability of the displacement of the inner stage 63, the inner stage 63 is in sliding engagement with the annular stage 62.
In order to further improve the application range of the first heating device 1, the annular table 62 is set as a rotary table, so that the annular table 62 can drive the first heating device 1 to rotate, and the first heating device 1 has no processing blind spot in the height direction and the circumferential direction of a workpiece, thereby effectively improving the convenience of heat treatment;
specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the annular table 62 includes a pedestal 621 and a turntable 622, wherein the turntable 622 is connected to the first heating device 1, the pedestal 621 is used for installing a transmission mechanism, such as a worm gear transmission mechanism or a planetary gear transmission mechanism, to drive the turntable 622 and the first heating device 1 to rotate, and the inner table 63 is slidably connected with the pedestal 621, so that the operations of the inner table 63 and the annular table 62 do not interfere with each other, and the lifting stability of the inner table 63 can be ensured.
When the inner platform 63 is lifted, in order to avoid interference to the normal work of the processing head 4, the processing head 4 needs to synchronously lift so as to avoid collision with a workpiece, but under the condition of insufficient precision of the additive manufacturing device, the stability of the workpiece molding is easily affected, and the scheme further provides an optimization method;
specifically, the first heating devices 1 are provided in plurality on the circumferential surface of the annular table 62, and the plurality of first heating devices 1 are spirally provided with respect to the axis of the annular table 62;
in the above structure, the plurality of first heating devices 1 are arranged on the circumferential surface of the annular table 62, and the first heating devices 1 are spirally arranged, so that the plurality of first heating devices 1 have different heights, and when the positions of different heights of the workpiece are subjected to heat treatment, the annular table 62 drives the first heating devices 1 to rotate, so that the first heating devices 1 positioned at proper heights can perform heat treatment on the stress concentration part of the workpiece, the inner table 63 does not need to be subjected to lifting adjustment, and the processing stability can be ensured;
specifically, each first heating device 1 is controlled by a separate circuit, so as to conveniently and adaptively adjust the heat treatment temperature and the heat treatment duration, for example, adjust the heat treatment temperature to be 400-1500 ℃.
As shown in fig. 4, one end of the gooseneck 7 is connected to the processing table 6, and the other end is connected to the first heating apparatus 1;
through setting up gooseneck 7, utilize its characteristic of being convenient for buckle, conveniently adjust the concrete position of first heating device 1 to make this device be applicable to the processing of multiple work piece and use.
Specifically, the first heating device 1 and the second heating device 2 can selectively adopt heat sources such as an induction coil or a laser, wherein the laser has the advantage of being capable of heating remotely, and the induction coil has the advantages of being adjustable and changeable in shape and being capable of better adapting to a workpiece, and the induction coil can be selected according to the distance between the induction coil and the workpiece and the specific size of the workpiece.
Referring to fig. 1, the additive manufacturing synchronous annealing and stress relieving method comprises the following steps:
s1, simulating and calculating the stress concentration position of a workpiece, and marking the stress concentration position on a reference model;
specifically, simulation software is adopted to calculate the stress concentration position of a workpiece, then the prepared workpiece or model part is selected to be used as a reference model, and the stress concentration position is marked on the reference model;
s2, defining a processing area in the additive manufacturing device;
specifically, referring to the present additive manufacturing apparatus, the processing area may be a space above the inner stage 63;
s3, marking a pre-processing point in the delimited processing area, and placing a reference model aiming at the pre-processing point;
specifically, the pre-processing point is a placement point of the reference model, namely a molding initial point of the additive manufacturing device, and after the reference model is placed on the pre-processing point, the position of a molded workpiece is ensured to be consistent with the position placed by the reference model in the subsequent processing process;
s4, fixedly arranging a first heating device 1 outside the processing area, and adjusting the stress concentration position of the first heating device 1, which is aligned with the mark on the reference model;
the step S4 includes: s41, arranging a flexible base outside the processing area, and arranging the first heating device 1 on the flexible base; s42, adjusting the first heating device 1 to align with the stress concentration position marked on the reference model, and then taking down the reference model; s43, the additive manufacturing device runs in a trial mode, the fact that the arrangement position of the first heating device 1 does not interfere with a processing path is guaranteed, and then the additive manufacturing device is reset; s44, positioning the reference model alignment pre-machining point back to the machining area;
specifically, referring to the additive manufacturing device, the flexible base is the gooseneck 7, so that the position of the first heating device 1 can be conveniently adjusted, so that the first heating device 1 can be aligned to the stress concentration position marked on the reference model, after a workpiece is formed, the first heating device 1 is aligned to the stress concentration position of the workpiece, the heat treatment work is conveniently performed, after the placement of the first heating device 1 is completed, the reference model is taken down, then the additive manufacturing device runs once in a workpiece processing path, the first heating device 1 is ensured not to be interfered, then the additive manufacturing device is reset, and the next operation is continued;
s5, arranging a movable second heating device 2 for heating and destressing the stress concentration position of the processing blind spot of the first heating device 1;
specifically, the first heating device 1 is fixedly arranged aiming at the stress concentration position, a heat treatment blind spot exists on the processing path of the workpiece, namely the section in the height direction, and if the blind spot area has the stress concentration position, the movable second heating device 2 is used for carrying out heat treatment and stress relief;
s6, taking down the reference model, and starting the material adding manufacturing device to work;
s7, in the additive manufacturing process, the first heating device 1 and the second heating device 2 heat and stress the workpiece;
the step S7 includes: s71, dividing a single stress concentration position of a workpiece into a plurality of parts; s72, setting a temperature detection and regulation device for detecting and regulating the heating temperature and the heating time of the first heating device and the second heating device; s73, after the stress concentration structure of the workpiece is printed for a certain layer thickness, the first heating device 1 or the second heating device 2 carries out heat treatment to remove stress on the printed part, and the additive manufacturing continues to work while heating and removing stress; after the workpiece accumulates a certain thickness again, performing heat treatment for stress relief again until the heat treatment for stress relief work of the workpiece stress concentration position is completed, and synchronously detecting and regulating the heating temperature and the heating time of the first heating device 1 and the second heating device 2 by the temperature detection and regulation device;
according to the method, as the volume of part of the workpiece is large, if the workpiece is subjected to heat treatment after the stress concentration position of the workpiece is completely printed, the workpiece is too late and can be deformed and cracked without waiting for the heat treatment, so that the stress concentration position needs to be subjected to heat treatment in time;
specifically, in the additive manufacturing process, heat treatment and stress removal can be performed on a single part of a workpiece, namely, after a part is printed, the printed part is heated and stress removed through a first heating device or a second heating device until the stress concentration position is printed, the heating device heats and removes the stress on the last part, after the heat treatment of the stress concentration position is completed, the heating device stands by, and when the next stress concentration position is printed, the operation is repeated;
specifically, when the stress concentration position is subjected to partial dividing treatment, the number of printing layers can be divided, for example, the stress removing work of heat treatment is performed once every n layers are printed;
along with the process of additive manufacturing, due to the limitation of parameters such as the structural shape, thickness and the like of a workpiece, single heating time length and heating temperature cannot meet the heat treatment stress relief work of the whole workpiece, so that the heating temperature and the heating time length of the first heating device and the second heating device need to be adjusted in real time;
specifically, the temperature detection and regulation device is used for controlling the heating device, wherein the temperature detection and regulation device can be electrically connected with the control circuits of the first heating device and the second heating device by adopting the infrared temperature measurement sensor so as to realize the power regulation and the heating time regulation of the heating device, and the temperature detection and regulation control circuit is the prior art, so that the temperature detection and regulation device is not excessively described;
further, the temperature detection and regulation device is not only used for detecting the temperature of the heating device, but also synchronously detecting the temperature of the workpiece, so that the temperature detection and regulation device is used as a reference for regulating the power and the heating time of the heating device, and the heating device can be used for better destressing the workpiece.
In the annealing stress relief method, the reference model is a model part or a prepared workpiece; specifically, the model part refers to a model which is simply manufactured, such as a foam model or a model made of plastic, wood and other materials;
the reference model has two reference models, wherein one reference model has the shape of a workpiece subjected to heat treatment, and the reference model is a model part or a prepared workpiece;
the other reference model has a shape that the workpiece is not subjected to heat treatment, and the reference model adopts a model part; like some large-sized workpieces or workpieces with high manufacturing cost, if the prepared workpieces are not subjected to heat treatment, the prepared workpieces are used as reference models to cause cost waste, so that model parts are preferably adopted to achieve the aim of reducing the cost;
in the implementation process of the method, the reference model with the non-heat-treated form of the workpiece is provided, the specific shape of the reference model can be obtained in a simulation mode so as to simulate the deformation state of the workpiece caused by stress, and in the application process, the posture of the first heating device 1 is corrected through the two reference models respectively, so that the first heating device 1 can be better aligned with the stress concentration position of the formed workpiece, and the stress removing effect of heat treatment is effectively improved.
The method is applicable to various additive manufacturing devices, such as an arc additive manufacturing device or a laser additive manufacturing device, wherein the processing chamber 301 of the machine body 3 can be provided with a sealing structure, and the interior of the processing chamber is vacuumized or is filled with inert gas for protection so as to facilitate additive manufacturing;
the method is not limited by the form of the material, and the material can be powder, silk material and the like;
the method simplifies the heat treatment structure, can avoid overlarge volume of the additive manufacturing device, can set an independent driving mechanism for the first heating device 1 on the premise of not considering the volume and cost of equipment, and correlates the driving mechanism with a stress simulation system so as to realize automatic identification of a stress concentration area and move the first heating device 1 to the area through the driving mechanism for annealing treatment;
specifically, in this embodiment, the lifter 65 and the annular table 62 may be associated with a stress simulation system to adaptively adjust the position of the first heating device 1 to align the stress concentration location for the thermal annealing heat treatment.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A synchronous annealing and stress-relieving method for additive manufacturing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, simulating and calculating the stress concentration position of a workpiece, and marking the stress concentration position on a reference model;
s2, defining a processing area in the additive manufacturing device;
s3, marking a pre-processing point in the delimited processing area, and placing a reference model aiming at the pre-processing point;
s4, fixedly arranging a first heating device (1) outside the processing area, and adjusting the stress concentration position of the first heating device (1) aiming at the mark on the reference model;
s5, arranging a movable second heating device (2) for heating and destressing the stress concentration position of the processing blind spot of the first heating device (1);
s6, taking down the reference model, and starting the material adding manufacturing device to work;
s7, in the additive manufacturing process, the first heating device (1) and the second heating device (2) heat and stress the workpiece;
the additive manufacturing device comprises a machine body (3), a processing head (4), a lifting table (5) and a processing table (6), wherein a processing chamber (301) is arranged in the machine body (3); the processing head (4) is movably arranged in the processing chamber (301); the lifting table (5) is arranged in the processing chamber (301) in a sliding manner, and the lifting table (5) can be displaced relative to the processing head (4); the processing table (6) is arranged on the lifting table (5); the first heating device (1) is arranged on the processing table (6), and the second heating device (2) is movably arranged in the processing chamber (301).
2. The additive manufacturing synchronous annealing destressing method according to claim 1, wherein: the step S4 includes:
s41, arranging a flexible base outside the processing area, and arranging a first heating device (1) on the flexible base;
s42, adjusting the first heating device (1) to align with the stress concentration position marked on the reference model, and then taking down the reference model;
s43, the additive manufacturing device is operated in a trial mode, the fact that the arrangement position of the first heating device (1) does not interfere with a processing path is guaranteed, and then the additive manufacturing device is reset;
s44, the reference model alignment pre-machining point is placed back into the machining area.
3. The additive manufacturing synchronous annealing destressing method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the reference model is a model part or a prepared workpiece, and the reference model has two reference models, wherein,
a reference model has the shape of a workpiece subjected to heat treatment, and the reference model is a model part or a prepared workpiece;
the other reference model has a shape of the workpiece which is not subjected to heat treatment, and the reference model is a model part.
4. The additive manufacturing synchronous annealing destressing method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the step S7 includes:
s71, dividing a single stress concentration position of a workpiece into a plurality of parts;
s72, setting a temperature detection and regulation device for detecting and regulating the heating temperature and the heating time of the first heating device (1) and the second heating device (2);
s73, after the stress concentration structure of the workpiece is printed for a certain layer thickness, the first heating device (1) or the second heating device (2) carries out heat treatment to remove stress on the printed part, and when the stress is removed by heating, additive manufacturing continues to work; after the workpiece is accumulated for a certain thickness again, carrying out heat treatment stress relief again until the heat treatment stress relief work of the workpiece stress concentration position is completed, and synchronously detecting and regulating the heating temperature and the heating time of the first heating device (1) and the second heating device (2) by the temperature detection regulating device.
5. The additive manufacturing synchronous annealing destressing method according to claim 1, wherein: the processing table (6) comprises a base (61), an annular table (62), an inner table (63), a bracket (64) and a lifting piece (65), wherein,
the base (61) is arranged on the lifting platform (5);
the annular table (62) is arranged on the base (61), and the first heating device (1) is arranged on the annular table (62);
the inner table (63) is arranged in the central hole of the annular table (62), and the inner table (63) is in sliding connection with the annular table (62);
the bracket (64) is arranged on one surface of the base (61) away from the inner table (63);
the lifting piece (65) is arranged on the bracket (64), and the movable end of the lifting piece (65) penetrates through the base (61) and is connected with the inner table (63).
6. The additive manufacturing synchronous annealing destressing method according to claim 5, wherein: the annular table (62) is a rotary table.
7. The additive manufacturing synchronous annealing destressing method according to claim 6, wherein: the first heating device (1) is provided in a plurality on the circumferential surface of the annular table (62), and the plurality of first heating devices (1) are spirally provided with respect to the axis of the annular table (62).
8. The additive manufacturing synchronous annealing destressing method according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a gooseneck (7), one end of the gooseneck (7) is connected with the processing table (6), and the other end is connected with the first heating device (1).
9. The additive manufacturing synchronous annealing destressing method according to claim 1, wherein: the heating device further comprises a mechanical arm (8), one end of the mechanical arm (8) is connected with the machine body (3), and the other end of the mechanical arm is connected with the second heating device (2).
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