CN105710205A - Self-blocked heating incremental forming device for whole plate - Google Patents
Self-blocked heating incremental forming device for whole plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN105710205A CN105710205A CN201610210109.7A CN201610210109A CN105710205A CN 105710205 A CN105710205 A CN 105710205A CN 201610210109 A CN201610210109 A CN 201610210109A CN 105710205 A CN105710205 A CN 105710205A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/005—Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/003—Positioning devices
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明一种板料整体自阻加热渐进成形装置包括：三轴数控机床、成形工具、板料夹具、直流电源、导线、绝缘垫片、温度传感器、温度控制器及保温箱；所述成形装置用电源、导线、板料夹具与板料构成电流回路，通过焦耳热使板料温度升高；在板料两端通电流，板料整体升温，温度梯度小；安装有半封闭保温箱，减少热量散失，提高能源利用率；用温度传感器测量板料温度，并通过闭环控制精确控制板料温度。该技术还可以用于常温下成形力大的厚板渐进成形加工和常温下难成形的钛合金、镁合金板料渐进成形加工。
A progressive forming device for integral self-resistance heating of sheet metal according to the present invention includes: three-axis numerical control machine tool, forming tool, sheet metal clamp, DC power supply, wire, insulating gasket, temperature sensor, temperature controller and incubator; the forming device A current loop is formed by a power supply, wires, sheet fixtures and the sheet, and the temperature of the sheet is raised through Joule heat; current is passed through both ends of the sheet, and the overall temperature of the sheet is raised, and the temperature gradient is small; a semi-closed incubator is installed to reduce The heat is dissipated to improve energy utilization; the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the sheet, and the temperature of the sheet is precisely controlled through closed-loop control. This technology can also be used for incremental forming of thick plates with high forming force at room temperature and incremental forming of titanium alloy and magnesium alloy sheets that are difficult to form at room temperature.
Description
【技术领域】【Technical field】
本发明涉及一种板料整体自阻加热渐进成形装置，属于板料渐进成形加工技术领域。The invention relates to an integral self-resistance heating progressive forming device for sheet metal, which belongs to the technical field of sheet metal progressive forming processing.
【背景技术】【Background technique】
传统的板料成形中常用的技术是模具冲压成形，由于具有生产效率高、成形质量高和消耗材料少等优点，较适合大批量生产单一类型零件，在现代工业生产中长期占据主导地位。The commonly used technology in traditional sheet metal forming is die stamping. Due to its advantages of high production efficiency, high forming quality and less material consumption, it is more suitable for mass production of a single type of parts, and has long occupied a dominant position in modern industrial production.
随着时代的进步，对产品的需要趋向个性化和新颖化，这要求企业必须不断对自身产品进行更新换代，才可在激烈的市场竞争中占据一席之地。传统模具冲压成形技术模具开发周期长、资金耗费较高，已不能满足企业进行多品种、小批量产品开发生产的要求。With the progress of the times, the demand for products tends to be personalized and novel, which requires enterprises to constantly update their products in order to occupy a place in the fierce market competition. The traditional mold stamping technology has a long mold development cycle and high capital cost, which can no longer meet the requirements of enterprises for the development and production of multi-variety and small-batch products.
板材渐进成形工艺是一种无专用模具成形的工艺，其基本思想是根据零件的形状，对成形轨迹进行规划，编制出数控机床的控制程序，利用数控机床的进给系统，使成形工具按设计的轨迹移动，成形工具与板料的不断挤压使板料逐步成形，最终成形出所要求的形状。这种成形方法不需要专用的成形模具，因而生产准备快、成本低，特别适合于小批量、多品种、复杂零件的生产。Sheet metal progressive forming process is a process without special mold forming. Its basic idea is to plan the forming trajectory according to the shape of the part, compile the control program of the CNC machine tool, and use the feed system of the CNC machine tool to make the forming tool according to the design. The track movement, the continuous extrusion of the forming tool and the sheet makes the sheet gradually formed, and finally the required shape is formed. This forming method does not require a special forming mold, so the production preparation is fast and the cost is low, and it is especially suitable for the production of small batches, multiple varieties, and complex parts.
虽然渐进成形技术具有较大优势和广阔的应用前景，但也有一些不容忽略的问题，如成形精度较差、加工效率较低以及稳定性较差等。除此之外，渐进成形装置刚度较差，当成形强度较高板材时，往往会因成形力过大而造成成形工具的变形，导致成形质量下降，严重时甚至不能正常成形。Although incremental forming technology has great advantages and broad application prospects, there are also some problems that cannot be ignored, such as poor forming accuracy, low processing efficiency and poor stability. In addition, the progressive forming device has poor rigidity. When the forming strength is high, the forming tool is often deformed due to excessive forming force, resulting in a decrease in the forming quality, and in severe cases, it may even fail to form normally.
针对以上问题，国内外学者进行了热渐进成形研究，通过加热可以提高板料的成形性能，降低对机床刚度的要求，提高成形精度，增大零件可成形角度，且还可以成形常温无法成形的钛合金、镁合金零件。加热方法包含激光加热、局部自阻加热、电热炉加热、旋转摩擦加热等。In response to the above problems, scholars at home and abroad have carried out research on thermal progressive forming. Heating can improve the formability of sheet metal, reduce the requirements for machine tool stiffness, improve forming accuracy, increase the formable angle of parts, and can also form parts that cannot be formed at room temperature. Titanium alloy, magnesium alloy parts. Heating methods include laser heating, local self-resistance heating, electric furnace heating, rotating friction heating, etc.
激光加热方法有加热速度快的优点，但加热点随加工位置的变化而不断变化，存在控制难度大的问题，而且激光设备成本很高。The laser heating method has the advantage of fast heating speed, but the heating point is constantly changing with the change of the processing position, so there is a problem that it is difficult to control, and the cost of laser equipment is very high.
局部自阻加热方法设备成本低、加热速度快。但也存在一些缺点，包括：电流通过成形工具，对成形工具性能要求高；加热区域不断变化，温度不易测量与控制；润滑油在板料与成形工具之间即电流回路内，对润滑油导电性有较高要求；容易出现电火花等。The local self-resistance heating method has low equipment cost and fast heating speed. However, there are also some disadvantages, including: the current passes through the forming tool, which requires high performance of the forming tool; the heating area is constantly changing, and the temperature is not easy to measure and control; the lubricating oil is in the current circuit between the sheet and the forming tool, which conducts electricity to the lubricating oil There is a high requirement for performance; it is prone to electric sparks and so on.
电热炉加热方法加热温度均匀、温度易于控制，但设备设计复杂，且不适用于双点渐进成形。The electric furnace heating method has uniform heating temperature and easy temperature control, but the equipment design is complicated and it is not suitable for two-point incremental forming.
旋转摩擦加热方法是给成形工具提供一个很高的转速，通过成形工具与板料的摩擦而产生热量。这种方法由于旋转自由度而使主轴刚度降低，且高速摩擦影响板料表面质量。The rotary friction heating method is to provide a high speed to the forming tool, and generate heat through the friction between the forming tool and the sheet. This method reduces the stiffness of the spindle due to the rotational degree of freedom, and the high-speed friction affects the surface quality of the sheet.
本发明提出一种板料整体自阻加热渐进成形装置，该装置同时具有局部自阻加热方法的设备成本低、加热速度快以及电热炉加热的板料温度均匀、温度易于控制等优点。且电流回路稳定，不会产生电火花；润滑剂不影响电流回路，降低了对润滑剂的要求。The invention proposes a progressive forming device for overall self-resistance heating of sheet metal. The device has the advantages of low equipment cost and fast heating speed in the local self-resistance heating method, and the temperature of the sheet material heated by an electric furnace is uniform and easy to control. Moreover, the current loop is stable and no electric sparks will be generated; the lubricant does not affect the current loop, which reduces the requirements for the lubricant.
【发明内容】【Content of invention】
本发明的目的是针对板料热渐进成形设备目前存在的问题，提出一种结构简单，使用方便、安全，成形范围广，加工精度高的板料整体自阻加热渐进成形装置。该技术还可以用于常温下成形力大的厚板渐进成形加工和常温下难成形的钛合金、镁合金板料渐进成形加工。The object of the present invention is to solve the existing problems of sheet metal thermal progressive forming equipment, and propose a simple structure, easy to use, safe, wide forming range, high processing precision sheet metal overall self-resistance heating progressive forming device. This technology can also be used for incremental forming of thick plates with high forming force at room temperature and incremental forming of titanium alloy and magnesium alloy sheets that are difficult to form at room temperature.
一种板料整体自阻加热渐进成形装置包括：三轴数控机床、成形工具、板料夹具、直流电源、导线、绝缘垫片、温度传感器、温度控制器及保温箱；A progressive forming device for overall self-resistance heating of a sheet metal includes: a three-axis numerical control machine tool, a forming tool, a sheet metal fixture, a DC power supply, a wire, an insulating gasket, a temperature sensor, a temperature controller, and an incubator;
所述成形装置用电源、导线、板料夹具与板料构成电流回路，通过焦耳热使板料温度升高；在板料两端通电流，板料整体升温，温度梯度小；安装有半封闭保温箱，减少热量散失，提高能源利用率；用温度传感器测量板料温度，并通过闭环控制精确控制板料温度。The forming device uses a power supply, wires, sheet clamps, and the sheet to form a current loop, and the temperature of the sheet is raised through Joule heat; current is passed through both ends of the sheet, and the overall temperature of the sheet is raised, and the temperature gradient is small; a semi-closed The heat preservation box reduces heat loss and improves energy utilization; the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the sheet, and the temperature of the sheet is accurately controlled through closed-loop control.
所述三轴数控机床为进成装置的运动驱动机构，包括：数控系统，X、Y、Z三个方向的伺服电机、丝杠、机床主轴等，可以使机床主轴做三自由度平移运动；The three-axis numerically controlled machine tool is a motion drive mechanism of a progressing device, including: a numerically controlled system, servo motors in the three directions of X, Y, and Z, lead screws, machine tool spindles, etc., which can make the machine tool spindle do three-degree-of-freedom translational motion;
所述成形工具与机床主轴连接，在机床主轴的带动下沿设定的轨迹做三轴平移运动，并挤压板料使板料不断发生局部变形；The forming tool is connected to the main shaft of the machine tool, and is driven by the main shaft of the machine tool to perform a three-axis translational movement along the set track, and squeezes the sheet to cause continuous local deformation of the sheet;
所述板料夹具包含两个通电夹具和两个普通夹具，通电夹具和普通夹具相间布局于板料四周，使板料四周与板料支撑台相对固定，通电夹具与普通夹具之间绝缘，其中，两个通电夹具分别连接直流电源正极和负极，使板料通电；The sheet material clamp includes two energized clamps and two ordinary clamps, and the energized clamps and ordinary clamps are alternately arranged around the sheet material, so that the surrounding area of the sheet material is relatively fixed with the sheet material support platform, and the energized clamps are insulated from the ordinary clamps, wherein , the two energized fixtures are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC power supply to energize the sheet;
所述直流电源可以提供最高36V的低压电流，其最大输出电流应不低于200A，用于给板料提供电流使其产生焦耳热，且低压可以保证操作人员的安全；The DC power supply can provide a low-voltage current of up to 36V, and its maximum output current should not be lower than 200A, which is used to provide current to the sheet material to generate Joule heat, and the low voltage can ensure the safety of operators;
所述导线一端连接电源，另一端通过接线柱与通电夹具相连，将电源电流传输给板料；One end of the wire is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the energized fixture through the terminal, so as to transmit the power supply current to the sheet;
所述绝缘垫片安装在板料与板料支撑台之间，用于使板料与机床之间绝缘，绝缘垫片使用高温绝缘材料如云母；The insulating gasket is installed between the sheet material and the sheet material support platform, and is used to insulate the sheet material and the machine tool, and the insulating gasket uses a high-temperature insulating material such as mica;
所述温度传感器用于测量板料温度，可以是接触式热电偶或红外热电偶，布局于板料上夹具与加工区域之间的位置；The temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the sheet metal, which can be a contact thermocouple or an infrared thermocouple, and is arranged between the clamp and the processing area on the sheet material;
所述温度控制器可以采集温度传感器测得的温度数据，并与设定的温度数据进行对比，得到调节量并传输给直流电源，使直流电源调节输出功率进而调节板料加热温度，实现温度闭环控制；The temperature controller can collect the temperature data measured by the temperature sensor, compare it with the set temperature data, obtain the adjustment value and transmit it to the DC power supply, so that the DC power supply can adjust the output power and then adjust the heating temperature of the sheet to achieve a closed temperature loop control;
所述保温箱用于减少热量散失，使板料容易达到高温且节省能源，保温箱包裹板料的发热区域，且上端有开口使成形工具在加工板料时不与保温箱接触，保温箱由保温棉与支撑结构组成。The heat preservation box is used to reduce heat loss, so that the sheet can easily reach high temperature and save energy. Composed of thermal insulation cotton and support structure.
该板料整体自阻加热渐进成形装置适用于常温成形力较大的厚板渐进成形加工，降低工艺对机床刚度的要求，如钛合金、镁合金渐进成形加工。当支撑板料的托板固定不动时可以实现单点渐进成形；当支撑板料的托板沿竖直方向导柱自由移动时可以实现双点渐进成形。The overall self-resistance heating progressive forming device for sheet metal is suitable for progressive forming of thick plates with relatively large forming force at room temperature, and reduces the requirements of the process on the rigidity of machine tools, such as progressive forming of titanium alloys and magnesium alloys. Single-point incremental forming can be realized when the supporting plate supporting the sheet is fixed; two-point incremental forming can be realized when the supporting plate supporting the sheet moves freely along the vertical guide column.
本发明优点及有益效果在于：Advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)该装置结构简单，成本低，加热升温快。(1) The device has simple structure, low cost, and fast heating.
(2)电流回路接触稳定，不会出现电火花。(2) The contact of the current circuit is stable, and there will be no electric sparks.
(3)板料整体加热，温度梯度小。(3) The whole sheet is heated, and the temperature gradient is small.
(4)设置有半封闭保温箱，能源利用率高。(4) Equipped with a semi-closed incubator, the energy utilization rate is high.
(5)板料温度容易测量，易于实现温度闭环控制。(5) The temperature of the sheet metal is easy to measure, and it is easy to realize the closed-loop control of the temperature.
(6)提高板料成形性能，加大了材料的成形角范围。(6) Improve the forming performance of the sheet metal and increase the forming angle range of the material.
(7)降低了板料的残余应力，减少零件回弹，提高成形精度。(7) The residual stress of the sheet is reduced, the springback of the parts is reduced, and the forming accuracy is improved.
(8)解决了常温难成形的钛合金、镁合金等板料的渐进成形问题。(8) Solve the problem of incremental forming of titanium alloy, magnesium alloy and other sheet materials that are difficult to form at room temperature.
(9)解决了加工厚板时机床刚度不足的问题。(9) Solved the problem of insufficient rigidity of the machine tool when processing thick plates.
(10)同时适用于单点渐进成形和双点渐进成形。(10) It is applicable to both single-point incremental forming and double-point incremental forming.
【附图说明】【Description of drawings】
图1是板料整体自阻加热渐进成形装置双点成形示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of double-point forming of an overall self-resistance heating progressive forming device for sheet metal.
图2是板料整体自阻加热渐进成形装置单点成形示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-point forming device for integral self-resistance heating progressive forming of sheet metal.
图3是板料整体自阻加热渐进成形装置板料装夹示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of sheet metal clamping in the sheet metal overall self-resistance heating progressive forming device.
图中标号名称：Label name in the figure:
1板料支撑台，2成形工具，3成形模具，4板料，1 sheet support table, 2 forming tool, 3 forming die, 4 sheet,
5耐高温绝缘垫片，6通电夹具，7升降导柱，8接线柱，9温度传感器，5 high temperature resistant insulating gasket, 6 energized fixture, 7 lifting guide column, 8 binding post, 9 temperature sensor,
10导线，11直流电源，12普通夹具，13温度控制器，14机床主轴，10 wires, 11 DC power supply, 12 common fixture, 13 temperature controller, 14 machine tool spindle,
15保温箱，16工作台。15 incubators, 16 working tables.
【具体实施方式】【detailed description】
装置由三轴数控机床、成形工具、板料夹具、电源、导线、绝缘垫片、温度传感器、温度控制器、保温箱等组成。三轴数控机床的主轴夹持成形工具沿设定的轨迹运动，使板料发生连续的局部变形，最终生成所需的零件。装置用电源、导线、板料夹具与板料构成电流回路，用耐高温绝缘垫片将回路与机床进行可靠绝缘。通过0-36V，200-1000A的低压大电流产生的焦耳热使板料温度升高。The device consists of three-axis CNC machine tools, forming tools, sheet metal fixtures, power supplies, wires, insulating gaskets, temperature sensors, temperature controllers, and incubators. The main shaft of the three-axis CNC machine tool clamps the forming tool and moves along the set trajectory, causing continuous local deformation of the sheet metal, and finally produces the required parts. The device uses power supply, wires, sheet metal fixtures and sheet metal to form a current loop, and uses high temperature resistant insulating gaskets to reliably insulate the loop from the machine tool. Joule heat generated by 0-36V, 200-1000A low voltage and high current increases the temperature of the sheet.
以附图1为例说明板料整体自阻加热渐进成形双点成形。Take the accompanying drawing 1 as an example to illustrate the double-point forming of the integral self-resistance heating progressive forming of the sheet metal.
用CAD软件建立零件三维模型，然后用CAM软件生成数控代码，并将数控代码导入数控机床。Use CAD software to build a three-dimensional model of the part, then use CAM software to generate NC codes, and import the NC codes into the CNC machine tool.
升高板料支撑台1到最高处并固定，将成形模具3安装在工作台15上。开启数控机床进行对刀，对刀完成后退刀到安全位置。Elevate the sheet material support platform 1 to the highest point and fix it, and the forming mold 3 is installed on the workbench 15. Turn on the CNC machine tool for tool setting, and retract the tool to a safe position after the tool setting is completed.
剪裁合适尺寸的板料4，这里，板料4为正方形且其边长等于板料支撑台1中间开设的正方形孔的长度加上通电夹具6宽度的两倍。将板料4放在板料支撑台1上，其中板料支撑台1与板料4之间放置云母制作的耐高温绝缘垫片5。如附图3所示，通电夹具6和普通夹具12相间放置在板料4四周并固定。通过接线柱8和导线10将通电夹具6与直流电源11连接，使直流电源11、导线10、接线柱8、通电夹具6、板料4组成电流回路。Cut the sheet material 4 of suitable size, here, sheet material 4 is square and its side length equals the length of the square hole that offers in the middle of sheet material support table 1 and adds twice of the width of energized fixture 6. The sheet material 4 is placed on the sheet material support platform 1, wherein a high temperature resistant insulating gasket 5 made of mica is placed between the sheet material support platform 1 and the sheet material 4. As shown in accompanying drawing 3, electrified clamp 6 and common clamp 12 are alternately placed around the sheet material 4 and fixed. The energized fixture 6 is connected to the DC power supply 11 through the terminal 8 and the wire 10, so that the DC power 11, the wire 10, the terminal 8, the energized fixture 6, and the sheet material 4 form a current loop.
松开板料支撑台1，使其在自重状态下降落致模具3与板料4的接触力支撑板料支撑台1。打开直流电源11开关，开始加热板料4，当板料4达到设定温度后运行数控代码进行数控加工，对于钛合金板料设定的温度在500℃左右。Loosen the sheet material support platform 1, and make it fall under its own weight so that the contact force between the mold 3 and the sheet material 4 supports the sheet material support platform 1. Turn on the switch of the DC power supply 11 to start heating the sheet 4. When the sheet 4 reaches the set temperature, run the numerical control code to carry out the numerical control processing. The temperature set for the titanium alloy sheet is about 500°C.
加工过程中温度传感器9测量板料温度并通过控制器13控制直流电源11的输出电流来调节板料4的温度，最终实现板料4的温度闭环控制，板料4在高温下实现整体软化。During processing, the temperature sensor 9 measures the temperature of the sheet metal and controls the output current of the DC power supply 11 through the controller 13 to adjust the temperature of the sheet material 4, and finally realizes the closed-loop temperature control of the sheet material 4, and the overall softening of the sheet material 4 at high temperature.
加工完成后抬起成形工具2，并关闭直流电源11，待温度降低到室温后取下零件。Lift the forming tool 2 after processing is completed, and turn off the DC power supply 11, and take off the parts after the temperature drops to room temperature.
以附图2为例说明板料整体自阻加热渐进成形单点成形。Take the accompanying drawing 2 as an example to illustrate the single-point forming of the integral self-resistance heating progressive forming of the sheet metal.
用CAD软件建立零件三维模型，然后用CAM软件生成数控代码，并将数控代码导入数控机床。Use CAD software to build a three-dimensional model of the part, then use CAM software to generate NC codes, and import the NC codes into the CNC machine tool.
升高板料支撑台1到最高处并固定。开启数控机床进行对刀，对刀完成后退刀到安全位置。Raise the plate support platform 1 to the highest point and fix it. Turn on the CNC machine tool for tool setting, and retract the tool to a safe position after the tool setting is completed.
剪裁合适尺寸的板料4，这里，板料为正方形且其边长等于板料支撑台1中间开设的正方形孔的长度加上通电夹具6宽度的两倍。将板料4放在板料支撑台1上，其中板料支撑台1与板料4之间放置云母制作的耐高温绝缘垫片5。如附图3所示，通电夹具6和普通夹具12相间放置在板料4四周并固定。通过接线柱8和导线10将通电夹具6与直流电源11连接，使直流电源11、导线10、接线柱8、通电夹具6、板料4组成电流回路。Cut the sheet material 4 of suitable size, here, sheet material is square and its side length is equal to the length of the square hole that offers in the middle of sheet material support table 1 and adds twice of the width of energized fixture 6. The sheet material 4 is placed on the sheet material support platform 1, wherein a high temperature resistant insulating gasket 5 made of mica is placed between the sheet material support platform 1 and the sheet material 4. As shown in accompanying drawing 3, electrified clamp 6 and common clamp 12 are alternately placed around the sheet material 4 and fixed. The energized fixture 6 is connected to the DC power supply 11 through the terminal 8 and the wire 10, so that the DC power 11, the wire 10, the terminal 8, the energized fixture 6, and the sheet material 4 form a current loop.
打开直流电源11开关，开始加热板料4，当板料4达到设定温度后运行数控代码进行数控加工，对于钛合金板料设定的温度在500℃左右。Turn on the switch of the DC power supply 11 to start heating the sheet 4. When the sheet 4 reaches the set temperature, run the numerical control code to carry out the numerical control processing. The temperature set for the titanium alloy sheet is about 500°C.
加工过程中温度传感器9测量板料温度并通过控制器13控制直流电源11的输出电流来调节板料4的温度，最终实现板料4的温度闭环控制，板料4在高温下实现整体软化。During processing, the temperature sensor 9 measures the temperature of the sheet metal and controls the output current of the DC power supply 11 through the controller 13 to adjust the temperature of the sheet material 4, and finally realizes the closed-loop temperature control of the sheet material 4, and the overall softening of the sheet material 4 at high temperature.
加工完成后抬起成形工具2，并关闭直流电源11，待温度降低到室温后取下零件。Lift the forming tool 2 after processing is completed, and turn off the DC power supply 11, and take off the parts after the temperature drops to room temperature.
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