CN117182120A - High-surface-quality laser increasing and decreasing material forming device and method - Google Patents
High-surface-quality laser increasing and decreasing material forming device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
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- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high surface quality laser material increasing and decreasing forming device and a method, belonging to the field of laser material increasing and decreasing manufacturing, comprising the following steps: a continuous laser for melting the powder and the shaped body to effect additive manufacturing; the pulse laser is used for removing additive manufacturing part slag, adhering side powder or shifting powder near the additive manufacturing part; the beam time-sharing admittance mechanism is used for admitting continuous laser and pulse laser to perform material increasing/decreasing processing; the vibrating mirror and the light path system are used for expanding beams, collimating, deflecting, focusing continuous laser and pulse laser to process according to a set path; and the beam space position detection module is used for realizing high-precision superposition of the continuous laser and the pulse laser on the space position. The invention adopts the scanning vibrating mirror and the F-theta mirror to solve the problem of powder adhesion on the side surface of the part in the existing laser additive manufacturing, avoids the problem of motion precision difference caused by a plurality of sets of scanning vibrating mirrors, effectively improves the surface quality and the dimensional precision of the part manufactured by the laser additive, and meets the industrial application requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-surface-quality laser material increasing and decreasing forming device and method.
Background
Additive manufacturing technology is an emerging manufacturing technology for forming complex parts by depositing materials layer by layer based on the idea of discrete-stacking. The laser selective melt forming (or laser powder bed melt forming) is the most critical laser additive manufacturing technology, and is gradually applied to various industrial fields such as aerospace, automobile industry, ships, dies, power electronics and the like due to the advantages of high forming precision, no need of dies, short production period and the like. The technology adopts a focused continuous laser beam to melt a loose powder bed to form a molten pool, forms a melting channel after cooling, stacks and forms parts layer by layer, but the side surface quality of the parts formed by laser selective melting (or laser powder bed melting) is poor due to the different laser spot sizes, the adhesion of side surface powder and slag hanging in the forming process, so that the parts with inner surfaces, particularly inner flow channels, must be subjected to post treatment to meet the requirements of industrial application.
Aiming at the problems of powder adhesion and slag adhering of the side surface of a part formed by laser selective fusion (or laser powder bed fusion), the adopted post-treatment modes at present are modes of sand blasting, mechanical material reduction processing, abrasive particle flow and the like. The sand blasting and mechanical material reduction processing can effectively remove powder adhesion and slag adhering on the outer surface of the part, but cannot be performed on the inner surface of the part. Although the abrasive particle flow may treat the inner surface of the component to some extent, it is not possible to treat the inner non-conductive structure. There is therefore a great need for a way to optimize the surface quality of parts in situ during laser selective melt forming (or laser powder bed melt forming). The related published patent adopts a mode of installing a mechanical material reduction processing device in the traditional laser selective melt forming (or laser powder bed melt forming) equipment, such as patent numbers CN104493491A, CN106273440A and CN113967737A and the like, but the mode greatly changes the current industrialized SLM equipment, the equipment is complex and the manufacturing cost is extremely high, and the overall processing efficiency is low due to the introduction of machining.
Pulsed lasers, in particular ultra-short pulsed lasers, have extremely high peak powers due to their extremely short pulse widths, which instantaneously vaporize the material. Therefore, the pulse laser is introduced into the traditional laser selective melt forming (or laser powder bed melt forming) equipment to perform in-situ optimization of the surface quality of the parts. Patent CN104923786A, CN205660160U, CN113977087A, CN111992712A, CN111992879A, CN212598870U, CN114535621a discloses a scheme of a dual-optical path system, in which two sets of beam expanding collimating lenses, scanning vibrating lenses and F-theta field lenses are used to introduce two laser beams into a forming area, and the scheme has the problems of high equipment cost, difficulty in adjusting the overlapping ratio of the two laser beams in space position, movement precision and the like due to the existence of the two sets of scanning vibrating lenses and the F-theta focusing lenses.
Patent CN111992877a discloses a double-station laser increasing and decreasing material composite manufacturing device, the continuous laser material increasing and manufacturing and laser material decreasing positions are two stations, the position of an optical path system is unchanged, station switching is realized through a translation forming cylinder, the scheme leads to the volume of equipment to be doubled compared with the conventional laser selective melt forming (or laser powder bed melt forming), the equipment cost is obviously increased, and the forming efficiency is low due to the reciprocating forming cylinder in the forming process, and the space position is overlapped with considerable difficulty, especially under a heavy load.
Patent CN114535610a discloses a device and a method for forming a double-beam synchronous laser selective melting, which adopts a beam combiner to combine a gaussian beam and a flat-top beam so as to improve the efficiency of additive manufacturing, and the patent does not relate to the technical aspect of laser material increasing and decreasing; similarly, patent CN114643369a discloses a scanning method for dual beam composite additive manufacturing, nor does it relate to laser subtractive and high precision shaping aspects. Patent CN115889820a and patent CN110977152a disclose a device for combining two laser beams and an additive manufacturing forming method, the two laser beams after combining have inconsistent focused spot sizes, and the patent does not relate to the technical aspect of laser material increasing and decreasing. Patent CN115026313a discloses a device and a method for adjusting superposition of two light tracks by means of a first reflecting mirror of a scanning galvanometer, which realize laser material-increasing processing of two light beams in a time-division controllable manner, but the patent does not relate to aspects such as laser material-reducing.
Patent CN110587118A discloses a device that two light beams can enter a laser selective melting device at the same time/in a time period to perform material increasing/reducing manufacturing, the scheme adopts an unconventional small curvature spherical reflecting mirror and two plane reflecting mirrors, so that reflected light beams of two light beams are positioned on the same straight line, but the scheme is not easy to regulate and control, and the space overlapping ratio of the two light beams in the forming process cannot be ensured. Patent CN206326260U discloses a device for increasing or decreasing laser material by infrared laser and green laser, the patent uses 45-degree mirror to highly transmit 1064nm infrared laser, and highly reflect 532nm green laser to realize dual-wavelength laser sharing one set of optical path system to realize infrared laser material increasing and green laser material decreasing, but the patent is mainly aimed at manufacturing hollow overhang structure in parts, and does not mention the aspect of increasing or decreasing laser material with high precision. Patent CN110369725a discloses a device and a method for laser composite material increasing and decreasing, which adopts a continuous/ultrafast laser composite mode to process the laser material increasing and decreasing, but no mention is made of a beam switching scheme, i.e. no specific switching device structure of continuous laser and ultrafast pulse laser is given.
The prior solution for manufacturing the part with poor surface quality by aiming at laser additive is characterized in that a composite mechanical material reduction processing and continuous/ultra-fast laser composite scheme is adopted, and a double-light-path and double-station are adopted as main materials in a double-light-beam switching scheme, so that a single-light-path, continuous/short pulse and ultra-short pulse double-laser composite device and method are not adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a high-surface-quality metal/nonmetal laser material increasing and decreasing forming device and method, so that the problems of powder adhesion, slag hanging and the like in the laser material increasing and manufacturing process are solved, and the problems that the surface quality of a part manufactured by laser material increasing is poor, direct application cannot be realized and the like are solved.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high surface quality laser increasing/decreasing material forming apparatus comprising: the device comprises a continuous laser, a first beam expansion collimating lens, a pulse laser, a second beam expansion collimating lens, a beam time-sharing access mechanism, a beam space position detection module, a scanning vibrating lens and an F-theta lens;
the continuous laser is arranged on the first beam expansion collimating lens through an optical fiber and a QBH interface, the pulse laser is arranged on the second beam expansion collimating lens, the first beam expansion collimating lens and the second beam expansion collimating lens are arranged on the beam time-sharing admitting mechanism, a beam space position detection module is arranged between the beam time-sharing admitting mechanism and the scanning vibrating lens, the F-theta lens is arranged below the scanning vibrating lens, and the scanning vibrating lens and the F-theta lens are respectively used for deflecting and focusing laser beams. The light beam time-sharing admitting mechanism comprises a reversing servo motor, a reflecting mirror and an integral frame, wherein the reflecting mirror and the integral frame are directly installed with the reversing servo motor and are transmitted through key connection, and meanwhile, the light beam time-sharing admitting mechanism is locked through bolts (nails).
The continuous laser is used for generating continuous laser, forming continuous focusing laser beams to reach the set position of the required processing part after being collimated and expanded by the first beam expanding collimating lens, and forming a compact solid part by the scanning vibrating lens and the F-theta lens; the pulse laser is used for generating pulse laser, forming pulse focusing laser beams to reach the set position of the required processing part after being collimated and expanded by the second beam expanding collimating lens, and forming pulse focusing laser beams to remove adhesive powder on the side surface of the continuous laser additive manufacturing part or shift powder around the part after passing through the scanning vibrating lens and the F-theta lens. The beam time-sharing admittance mechanism is used for admitting continuous laser and pulse laser into the scanning galvanometer and the F-theta mirror respectively for laser processing. The scanning galvanometer and the F-theta mirror are respectively used for laser beam deflection and laser beam focusing.
Preferably, the beam space position detection and feedback consists of a beam position detector, a galvanometer offset regulation and control program and a reversing servo motor position regulation and control program, wherein the beam position detector detects the relative offset position of a light spot, and the beam position detector is fed back to a main control computer for adjusting the position of the reversing servo motor and the scanning offset of a scanning galvanometer, so that high-precision superposition of continuous laser and pulse laser in space is realized.
Preferably, the continuous laser in the continuous laser and the beam expanding and collimating system is a single-mode or multi-mode laser, the power output power range is 100-100000W, and the power density range is 1.0X10 5 ～7.5×10 9 W/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The beam expanding collimating lens in the continuous laser and the beam expanding collimating system can expand the diameter of the laser beam to 10-30 mm and output parallel beams in the market.
Preferably, the pulse laser in the pulse laser and the beam expanding and collimating system can be a nanosecond (ns), picosecond (ps) or femtosecond (fs) laser, the output average power range is 1-5000W, and the pulse width range covers 1 fs-1000 ns; the beam expansion collimating lens in the pulse laser and the beam expansion collimating system can expand the diameter of the laser beam to 10-30 mm and output parallel beams in the market.
Preferably, the reversing servo motor can be a servo motor or a stepping motor with a band-type brake or without the band-type brake;
according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming a high surface quality laser augmented or reduced material, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, a central control system plans a laser material increasing and decreasing processing path according to information such as a three-dimensional slicing model, laser processing technological parameters and the like input by a user;
s2, a beam time-sharing access mechanism drives a reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position according to program setting, a continuous laser and a beam expanding and collimating system generate continuous laser beams which are continuous, beam expanding and parallel, so that the continuous laser beams are focused to reach the relevant positions of required processing parts set by the program through a scanning galvanometer and an F-theta mirror, and the laser selective melting (or laser powder bed melting forming) additive manufacturing of the current slice layer is completed;
s3, a beam time-sharing access mechanism drives a reversing servo motor to move to a pulse laser working position according to program setting, a pulse laser and a beam expanding and collimating system generate continuous, beam expanding and parallel pulse laser beams so as to form focused pulse beams to reach relevant positions of required processing parts set by the program through a scanning vibrating mirror and an F-theta mirror, and laser material reduction manufacturing of a current slice layer is completed, and redundant materials, powder and the like on the surfaces of laser material increase manufacturing parts in the step S2 are removed;
s4, the central control system drives the parts to be processed to descend by one slice layer thickness and perform powder paving, the beam time-sharing access mechanism drives the reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position according to program setting, and the steps S2, S3 and S4 are repeated until the part forming is finished.
Preferably, step S3 may be performed by selecting a certain number of layers according to an actual processing technology, such as performing each layer, performing 1 layer at intervals, performing 2 layers at intervals, performing … … layers at intervals, performing n layers at intervals, and the like.
Preferably, the pulsed laser should be an ultra-short pulsed laser, including picosecond (ps) and femtosecond (fs) lasers in the blue, green and infrared bands.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of high surface quality metal/nonmetal laser additive and subtractive forming, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, a central control system plans a continuous laser additive processing path and a pulse laser powder shift processing path according to information such as a three-dimensional slice model, laser processing technological parameters and the like input by a user;
s2, a beam time-sharing access mechanism drives a reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position according to program setting, a continuous laser and a beam expanding and collimating system generate continuous laser beams which are continuous, beam expanding and parallel, so that the continuous laser beams are focused to reach the relevant positions of required processing parts set by the program through a scanning galvanometer and an F-theta mirror, and filling line scanning processing of laser selective melting (or laser powder bed melting forming) additive manufacturing of a current slice layer is completed;
s3, the beam time-sharing access mechanism drives the reversing servo motor to move to a pulse laser working position according to program setting, the pulse laser and the beam expanding and collimating system generate continuous, beam expanding and parallel pulse laser beams so as to form focused pulse beams to reach relevant positions of required processing parts set by the program through the scanning galvanometer and the F-theta mirror, powder near the outer surface of the laser additive manufacturing part of the current slice layer is finished, and unmelted powder is far away from the surface of a solid part manufactured by laser additive;
s4, the beam time-sharing admitting mechanism drives the reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position according to program setting, the continuous laser and the beam expanding and collimating system generate continuous laser beams which are continuous, beam expanding and parallel, so that the continuous laser beams are focused to reach the relevant positions of required processing parts set by the program through the scanning vibrating mirror and the F-theta mirror, the contour line scanning processing of the laser selective melting (or laser powder bed fusion forming) additive manufacturing of the current slice layer is completed, and powder is removed by the step S3 during contour scanning, so that powder adhesion during continuous laser scanning contour can be effectively avoided, and powder adhesion caused during continuous laser processing filling line can be eliminated under the action of surface tension and melt wetting;
s5, the central control system drives the part to be processed to descend by one slice layer thickness and perform powder paving, and the steps S2, S3, S4 and S5 are repeated until the part forming is finished.
Preferably, step S3 may be performed by selecting a certain number of layers according to an actual processing technology, such as performing each layer, performing 1 layer at intervals, performing 2 layers at intervals, performing … … layers at intervals, performing n layers at intervals, and the like.
Preferably, the pulse laser may be an ultrafast pulse laser, including picosecond (ps) and femtosecond (fs) lasers in blue, green, and infrared bands; or the pulsed laser may be a short pulse laser, including nanosecond (ns) lasers in the blue, green and infrared bands.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1. according to the invention, through continuous laser material adding and pulse laser material subtracting, powder adhesion and slag adhering on the surface of the part in the laser material adding manufacturing process are removed, and the surface quality and precision of the part formed by laser material adding are effectively improved;
2. the invention adopts a single light path design, and two laser beams are admitted in a time-sharing way, so that the effective coupling with functionality and low cost is realized;
3. the spot position detector is combined with the reversing servo motor and the scanning galvanometer offset regulation program to effectively ensure the space superposition precision of two beams of light in the forming process and ensure the forming stability of laser increase and decrease materials and the surface quality and precision of formed parts;
4. the forming method provided by the invention can be used for carrying out laser material reduction by using ultra-short pulse laser to obtain the surface quality and the precision of the part manufactured by using ultra-high laser material increase, and can also be used for realizing the surface quality improvement of the part manufactured by using low-cost laser material increase by using ns short pulse laser.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in a continuous laser operating position.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in a pulsed laser operating position.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a method of implementing an embodiment of the invention to improve the surface quality and precision of laser selective melt formed (or laser powder bed melt formed) parts based on the effect of pulsed laser direct vaporization.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of another method of practicing an embodiment of the invention for improving the surface quality and accuracy between laser selective melt-formed (or laser powder bed melt-formed) parts based on pulsed laser-induced shock waves to cause powder displacement, forming ablation zones between the powder and the laser selective melt-formed (or laser powder bed melt-formed) parts.
The same elements or structures are denoted by all reference numerals, wherein: 1. a continuous laser, 2, a first beam expansion collimating lens, 3, a pulse laser, 4, a second beam expansion collimating lens, 5, a beam time-sharing admittance mechanism, and 6, a beam space position detection module, 7, an F-theta mirror, 8, a scanning galvanometer, 9, a focusing continuous beam, 10, a focusing pulse beam, 11 and a required processing part.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not interfere with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an example of the present invention provides a high surface quality metal/nonmetal laser additive and subtractive forming apparatus, comprising: the laser comprises a continuous laser 1, a first beam expanding collimator lens 2, a pulse laser 3, a second beam expanding collimator lens 4, a beam time-sharing admitting mechanism 5, a beam space position detection module 6, a scanning galvanometer 7 and an F-theta lens 8. The continuous laser 1 is arranged on the first beam expanding collimating lens 2 through an optical fiber and a QBH interface, the pulse laser 3 is arranged on the second beam expanding collimating lens 4, a beam space position detection module 6 is arranged between the beam time-sharing admittance mechanism 5 and the scanning vibrating lens 8, and the F-theta lens 7 is arranged below the scanning vibrating lens 8. The beam time-sharing admitting mechanism 5 comprises a reversing servo motor, a reflecting mirror and an integral frame, wherein the reflecting mirror and the integral frame are directly installed with the reversing servo motor and are transmitted through key connection, and are locked through bolts (nails). The continuous laser 1 is used for generating continuous laser, forming continuous focusing continuous light beams 9 to the set positions of required processing parts 11 after being collimated and expanded by the first beam expanding collimator lens 2 and passing through the scanning galvanometer 8 and the F-theta lens 7, and is used for carrying out metal/nonmetal laser material adding to form compact solid parts; the pulse laser 3 is used for generating pulse laser, and after being collimated and expanded by the second beam expansion collimating lens 4, the pulse laser passes through the scanning vibrating lens 8 and the F-theta lens 7 to form a focused pulse beam 10 to reach the set position of the required processing part 11, so as to remove the adhering powder on the side surface of the continuous laser additive manufacturing part or shift the powder around the part. The beam time-sharing admittance mechanism 5 is used for admitting continuous laser and pulse laser into the scanning galvanometer 8 and the F-theta mirror 7 respectively for laser processing. The scanning galvanometer 8 and the F-theta mirror 7 are used for laser beam deflection and laser beam focusing respectively. The beam space position detection module 6 consists of a beam position detector, a galvanometer offset regulation and control program and a reversing servo motor position regulation and control program, wherein the beam position detector detects the relative offset position of light spots, and the relative offset position is fed back to a main control computer for adjusting the position of the reversing servo motor and the scanning offset of the scanning galvanometer 8, so that the superposition of high surface quality on the space of continuous laser and pulse laser is realized.
Further illustratively, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the continuous laser 1 is a single-mode or multimode laser having a power output power in the range of 100W to 100000W and a power density in the range of 1.0X10 5 ～7.5×10 9 W/cm 2 . The first beam expansion collimator lens 2 can expand the diameter of a laser beam to 20-30 mm and output a parallel beam in the market. The pulse laser 3 can be nanosecondns), picosecond (ps) or femtosecond (fs) lasers, the output power ranges from 1 to 1000W, and the pulse width ranges from 1fs to 1000ns. The second beam expansion collimator lens 4 can expand the diameter of the laser beam to 20-30 mm and output parallel beams in the market. The reversing servo motor can be a servo motor or a stepping motor with and without a band-type brake.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a method for forming a high surface quality additive-subtractive material layer by using a continuous laser additive and combining an ultra-short pulse laser is provided, comprising the steps of:
s1, a central control system plans a laser material increasing and decreasing processing path according to information such as a three-dimensional slicing model, laser processing technological parameters and the like input by a user;
s2, a beam time-sharing access mechanism 5 drives a reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position shown in the figure 1 according to program setting, a continuous laser 1 and a first beam expanding and collimating lens 2 generate continuous, beam expanding and parallel continuous laser beams so as to form a focused continuous beam 9 to reach the relevant position of a required processing part 11 set by the program through a scanning vibrating lens 8 and an F-theta lens 7, and metal/nonmetal laser selective melting (or laser powder bed melting forming) additive manufacturing of a current slice layer is completed;
s3, a beam time-sharing access mechanism 5 drives a reversing servo motor to move to a pulse laser working position shown in the figure 2 according to program setting, a pulse laser 3 and a second beam expansion collimating lens 4 generate continuous, beam expansion and parallel pulse laser beams so as to form focused pulse beams 10 to reach the relevant positions of required processing parts 11 set by the program through a scanning vibrating lens 8 and an F-theta lens 7, and laser material reduction manufacturing of a current slice layer is completed, and residues, powder and the like on the surfaces of laser material increase manufacturing parts in the step S2 are removed;
s4, the central control system drives the part 11 to be processed to descend one slice layer thickness and perform powder paving, the beam time-sharing access mechanism 5 drives the reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position shown in the figure 1 according to program setting, and the steps S2, S3 and S4 are repeated until the part forming is finished.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a method for forming a high surface quality add-drop material using continuous laser additive and combining ultra-short pulse laser spacer 5 layers of subtractive material is provided, comprising the steps of:
s1, a central control system plans a laser material increasing and decreasing processing path according to information such as a three-dimensional slicing model, laser processing technological parameters and the like input by a user;
s2, a beam time-sharing access mechanism 5 drives a reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position shown in the figure 1 according to program setting, a continuous laser 1 and a first beam expansion collimating lens 2 generate continuous, beam expansion and parallel continuous laser beams so as to form a focused continuous beam 9 to reach the relevant position of a required processing part 11 set by the program through a scanning vibrating lens 8 and an F-theta lens 7, and the laser selective melting (or laser powder bed melting forming) additive manufacturing of the current slice layer is completed; the central control system drives the part 11 to be processed to descend one slice layer thickness and perform powder paving, and the step S2 is circulated until 2 layers of laser material increase are completed;
s3, a beam time-sharing access mechanism 5 drives a reversing servo motor to move to a pulse laser working position shown in the figure 2 according to program setting, a pulse laser 3 and a second beam expansion collimating lens 4 generate continuous, beam expansion and parallel pulse laser beams so as to form focused pulse beams 10 to reach the relevant positions of required processing parts 11 set by the program through a scanning vibrating lens 8 and an F-theta lens 7, and laser material reduction manufacturing of a current slice layer is completed, and residues, powder and the like on the surfaces of laser material increase manufacturing parts in the step S2 are removed;
s4, the central control system drives the part 11 to be processed to descend one slice layer thickness and perform powder paving, the beam time-sharing access mechanism 5 drives the reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position shown in the figure 1 according to program setting, and the steps S2, S3 and S4 are repeated until the part forming is finished.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, a method for forming a high surface quality additive and subtractive material by using continuous laser additive in combination with a short pulse or ultra-short pulse laser (nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond pulse lasers are all possible) is provided, comprising the steps of:
s1, a central control system plans a continuous laser additive processing path and a pulse laser powder shift processing path according to information such as a three-dimensional slice model, laser processing technological parameters and the like input by a user;
s2, a beam time-sharing access mechanism 5 drives a reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position shown in the figure 1 according to program setting, a continuous laser 1 and a first beam expansion collimating lens 2 generate continuous, beam expansion and parallel continuous laser beams so as to form a focused continuous beam 9 to reach the relevant position of a required processing part 11 set by the program through a scanning vibrating lens 8 and an F-theta lens 7, and the filling line scanning processing of the laser selective melting (or laser powder bed melting forming) additive manufacturing of the current slice layer is completed;
s3, a beam time-sharing access mechanism 5 drives a reversing servo motor to move to a pulse laser working position shown in figure 2 according to program setting, a pulse laser 3 and a first beam expansion collimating lens 4 generate continuous, beam expansion and parallel pulse laser beams so as to form focused pulse beams 10 to reach relevant positions of required processing parts 11 set by the program through a scanning vibrating lens 8 and an F-theta lens 7, powder near the outer surface of the laser additive manufacturing part of the current slicing layer is finished, and unmelted powder is far away from the surface of the solid part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing;
s4, a beam time-sharing admitting mechanism 5 drives a reversing servo motor to move to a continuous laser working position shown in the figure 1 according to program setting, a continuous laser 1 and a first beam expansion collimating lens 2 generate continuous, beam expansion and parallel continuous laser beams so as to form a focused continuous beam 9 to reach the relevant position of a required processing part 11 set by the program through a scanning vibrating lens 8 and an F-theta lens 7, and finish contour line scanning processing of laser selective melting (or laser powder bed fusion forming) additive manufacturing of the current slice layer, and powder is removed by a step S3 during contour scanning, so that powder adhesion during continuous laser scanning contour can be effectively avoided, and powder adhesion caused during continuous laser processing filling line can be eliminated together under the action of surface tension and melt wetting;
s5, the central control system drives the part 11 to be processed to descend one slice layer thickness and perform powder paving, and the steps S2, S3, S4 and S5 are repeated until the part forming is finished.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high surface quality laser add-drop forming apparatus comprising: the device comprises a continuous laser (1), a first beam expansion collimating lens (2), a pulse laser (3), a second beam expansion collimating lens (4), a light beam time-sharing access mechanism (5), a light beam space position detection module (6), an F-theta lens (7) and a scanning vibrating lens (8); the continuous laser (1) is arranged on a first beam expanding and collimating lens (2), the pulse laser (3) is arranged on a second beam expanding and collimating lens (4), the first beam expanding and collimating lens (2) and the second beam expanding and collimating lens (4) are arranged on a beam time-sharing admitting mechanism (5), a beam space position detection module (6) is arranged between the beam time-sharing admitting mechanism (5) and a scanning vibrating lens (8), an F-theta lens (7) is arranged below the scanning vibrating lens (8), and the scanning vibrating lens (8) and the F-theta lens (7) are respectively used for deflecting and focusing laser beams;
the continuous laser generated by the continuous laser (1) is collimated and expanded by the first beam expansion collimating lens (2) and then sequentially enters the scanning vibrating lens (8) and the F-theta lens (7) to form a continuous focusing laser beam to reach the preset position of the part to be processed, and laser material adding is performed;
the pulse laser generated by the pulse laser (3) is collimated and expanded by a second beam expansion collimating lens (4) and then sequentially enters a beam time-sharing access mechanism (5), a beam space position detection module (6), a scanning vibrating lens (8) and an F-theta lens (7), so that a pulse focusing laser beam reaches a preset position of a part to be processed, and the side surface adhesive powder of the part manufactured by continuous laser additive is removed or the powder around the part is shifted;
the beam time-sharing admittance mechanism (5) is used for switching the continuous laser working position and the pulse laser switching position, and the continuous laser does not act with the reflecting mirror in the beam time-sharing admittance mechanism (5) during continuous laser working; when the pulse laser works at the working position, the pulse laser is reflected by a reflecting mirror plate in the beam time-sharing admittance mechanism (5);
the beam space position detection module (6) is used for detecting the position of the pulse laser beam in real time and adjusting the sweeping field deviation of the scanning galvanometer (8) in real time so as to realize high space coincidence ratio of continuous laser and pulse laser.
2. A high surface quality laser add-drop profile shaping apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the beam time-sharing admission mechanism (5) comprises a reversing servo motor, a mirror, driven by a key connection, for movement to a continuous laser working position or a pulsed laser working position according to a preset path.
3. The high-surface-quality laser increase-decrease material forming device according to claim 2, wherein the beam space position detection module (6) comprises a beam position detector, a galvanometer offset regulation unit and a reversing servo motor position regulation unit, the beam position detector is used for detecting the relative offset position of light spots, and the galvanometer offset regulation unit and the reversing servo motor position regulation unit are respectively used for adjusting the position of the beam time-sharing access mechanism (5) and the sweeping offset of the scanning galvanometer (8) so as to realize high-precision superposition of continuous laser and pulse laser space.
4. The apparatus for forming a high surface quality laser added or subtracted material according to claim 1, wherein the continuous laser (1) is a single mode or multimode laser, the power output power is in the range of 100 to 100000W, and the power density is in the range of 1.0x10 5 ～7.5×10 9 W/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first beam expansion collimating lens (2) is used for expanding the laser beam diameter to 20-30 mm and outputting parallel beams.
5. The high surface quality laser increasing and decreasing material forming device according to claim 1, wherein the pulse laser (3) is a nanosecond (ns), picosecond (ps) or femtosecond (fs) laser, the output power range is 1-1000W, and the pulse width range covers 1 fs-1000 ns; the second beam expansion collimating lens (4) is used for expanding the laser beam diameter to 20-30 mm and outputting parallel beams.
6. A forming method based on a high surface quality laser add-drop forming device according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the pulsed laser (3) is a picosecond or femtosecond laser, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, a beam time-sharing admitting mechanism (5) moves to a continuous laser working position according to a preset program, a continuous laser (1) generates continuous laser, and after passing through a first collimating and expanding beam mirror (2), the continuous laser passes through a scanning vibrating mirror (8) and an F-theta mirror (7) to form a focused continuous beam (9) to reach a preset position of a required processing part (11) set by the program, so that laser additive manufacturing of a current slice layer is completed;
s2, a beam time-sharing access mechanism (5) moves to a pulse laser working position according to a preset program, a pulse laser (3) generates pulse laser, a second collimation beam expander (4) passes through a scanning vibrating mirror (8) and an F-theta mirror (7) to form a focused pulse beam (10) to reach the preset position of a part (11) required to be processed set by the program, laser material reduction manufacturing of a current slice layer is completed, and residues, side adhesive powder and the like on the surface of the part manufactured by the laser material addition in the step S1 are removed;
s3, the part (11) to be processed is lowered by one slice layer thickness, powder is paved, and the steps S1 and S2 are repeated until the part forming is finished.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein step S2 is performed with n layers being an integer greater than or equal to 1.
8. A method of forming a high surface quality laser add/drop forming device according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the pulsed laser is a nanosecond laser, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, a beam time-sharing admitting mechanism (5) moves to a continuous laser working position according to a preset program, a continuous laser (1) generates continuous laser, and after passing through a first collimating and expanding beam mirror (2), the continuous laser passes through a scanning vibrating mirror (8) and an F-theta mirror (7) to form a focused continuous beam (9) to reach a preset position of a required processing part (11) set by the program, and then filling line scanning processing of laser additive manufacturing of a current slice layer is completed;
s2, a beam time-sharing admitting mechanism (5) moves to a pulse laser working position according to a preset program, a pulse laser (3) generates a pulse laser beam, and the pulse laser beam passes through a second collimation beam expander (4) and then passes through a scanning vibrating mirror (8) and an F-theta mirror (7) to form a focused pulse beam (10) to reach the preset position of a required processing part (11) set by the program, so that powder near the outer surface of the laser additive manufacturing part of the current slicing layer is finished, and unmelted powder is far away from the surface of an entity part manufactured by the laser additive;
s3, the beam time-sharing admitting mechanism (5) moves to a continuous laser working position according to program setting, the continuous laser (1) generates continuous laser, and the continuous laser passes through the first collimating and beam expanding lens (2) and then passes through the scanning vibrating lens (8) and the F-theta lens (7) to form a focused continuous beam (9) to reach a preset position of a part (11) to be processed, which is set by the program, so that contour line scanning processing of laser additive manufacturing of a current slice layer is completed;
s4, the part (11) to be processed is lowered by one slice layer thickness and is subjected to powder paving, and the steps S2, S3 and S4 are repeated until the part forming is finished.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein step S3 is performed at intervals of n layers, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
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