CN117180333A - Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and its preparing process - Google Patents
Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and its preparing process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and a preparation method thereof, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following components: 5-15 parts of quercetin, 5-15 parts of poria cocos, 2-8 parts of safflower, 2-8 parts of red sage root, 2-8 parts of white peony root, 2-8 parts of Chinese angelica, 2-8 parts of ligusticum wallichii and 1-5 parts of liquorice, and dividing the above medicinal materials into A, B groups according to the effect of the medicinal materials; in addition, the preparation method of the coated pill is adopted to coat the component B by the component A so as to realize layered release of the medicine, and gradually release the long-acting component and the short-acting component according to a preset mode so as to achieve better treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The traditional Chinese medicine has long history and abundant experience in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and can be traced back to classical and traditional medical theories of ancient traditional Chinese medicine at the earliest. From the viewpoint of traditional Chinese medicine, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are caused by qi and blood circulation disorder, imbalance of yin and yang in the body, viscera dysfunction and the like.
The Chinese medicine has the unique characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets and overall conditioning, and plays an important role in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The Chinese medicine can play roles in protecting cardiac and cerebral vessels, reducing inflammatory reaction, improving cardiac and cerebral functions by regulating blood circulation, enhancing cardiac and cerebral vascular system functions, improving microcirculation, inhibiting platelet aggregation and the like.
In addition, the efficacy of many traditional Chinese medicines in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is supported and verified by modern pharmacological and clinical studies. Some traditional Chinese medicines are even extracted to obtain effective components, are converted into modern medicines, and play an important role in clinical application. As an important component for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the traditional Chinese medicine provides an effective and comprehensive treatment choice for patients by virtue of unique theoretical basis, abundant clinical experience and diversified treatment means, and continuous research and clinical practice can further promote the application and development of the traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Chinese patent publication No.: CN104784667B discloses a traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and a preparation method thereof, and the traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases provided by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of radix codonopsis pilosulae, 50-70 parts of raw fleece-flower root, 30-50 parts of radix salviae miltiorrhizae, 9-11 parts of nutgrass galingale rhizome, 9-11 parts of costustoot, 9-15 parts of baical skullcap root, 2-4 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 2-4 parts of pinellia ternate, 2-4 parts of arisaema cum bile, 6-10 parts of radix rehmanniae, 1-2 parts of Chinese angelica, 1-2 parts of peach kernel and 4-6 parts of dried ginger; the preparation method comprises the steps of pulverizing, soaking in water, granulating and charging. The invention has broad-spectrum treatment effect on various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the medicament cost is greatly reduced while the medicament damage is low due to the adoption of simple pure Chinese medicament components, so that the invention benefits the majority of patients. Therefore, the traditional Chinese medicine for treating the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the preparation method thereof do not consider the influence of long-time acting components and short-time acting components in the traditional Chinese medicine materials, and can cause insufficient acting time of the medicine or premature release, so that the expected treatment effect can not be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and a preparation method thereof, and adopts a preparation method of a wrapped pill to realize layered release of the medicine, so that long-acting components and short-acting components are gradually released according to a preset mode, and a better treatment effect is achieved.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, comprising: a component A and a component B, and the component B is coated by the component A;
wherein, the component A comprises 5-15 parts of quercetin, 2-8 parts of safflower, 2-8 parts of red sage root and 2-8 parts of szechuan lovage rhizome;
the component B comprises 5-15 parts of poria cocos, 2-8 parts of white paeony root, 2-8 parts of Chinese angelica and 1-5 parts of liquorice.
Further, the formulation also includes additives to increase mouthfeel and acceptability;
wherein the additive comprises honey, starch, glucose and chitosan.
Further, the traditional Chinese medicine is an oral dosage form pill.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, respectively preparing required quercetin, poria cocos, safflower, red sage root, white peony root, chinese angelica, ligusticum wallichii and liquorice according to a proportion, and dividing the quercetin, the poria cocos, the safflower, the red sage root, the white peony root, the Chinese angelica, the ligusticum wallichii and the liquorice into two groups A, B;
step S2, preprocessing the A, B two groups of medicinal materials, including cleaning, slicing and stir-frying;
step S3, respectively mixing and finely grinding the two groups of pretreated medicinal materials into powder, and uniformly mixing the powder to obtain two groups of mixed medicinal material powder;
s4, preparing an inner layer pill by using the medicinal materials in the group B;
s5, preparing an outer tablet by using the medicinal materials in the group A;
step S6, wrapping the outer-layer tablets with the inner-layer pills one by one, so that the inner-layer pills and the outer-layer pills form a whole pill with a wrapping structure;
step S7, the pill is spread and dried to increase the hardness and the storage stability of the pill.
Further, step S2 includes:
step S21, soaking the medicinal materials in clear water for 5-10min respectively, and cleaning;
s22, cutting the cleaned medicinal materials into slices with equal widths;
step S23, after the water on the surfaces of the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii is absorbed, the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii are respectively put into a frying pan to be continuously stir-fried with medium and low fire, so that the surfaces of the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii are respectively yellowish and reddish, and fragrance is emitted by the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii.
Further, step S4 includes:
step S41, adding a first additive into the group B medicinal material powder and uniformly stirring the first additive to obtain a pill inner layer raw material;
step S42, preparing the inner layer raw materials of the pills into a plurality of inner layer pills with the same size by a pill machine;
wherein the first adjunct comprises starch and chitosan.
Further, step S5 includes:
step S51, adding a second additive into the group A medicinal material powder and uniformly stirring the second additive to obtain a raw material of the outer layer of the pill;
step S52, preparing the outer layer raw materials of the pill into a plurality of outer layer pills with equal sizes;
step S53, pressing the outer-layer pill into an outer-layer tablet with a certain thickness;
wherein the second adjunct comprises starch and glucose.
Further, the number of the inner-layer pills prepared in the step S4 is equal to the number of the outer-layer pills prepared in the step S5.
Further, the device for adding the additive is a flat plate-shaped device with dense pores so that the additive can be uniformly dripped into the medicinal material powder;
the area of the flat plate device is equal to the area of the container opening of the medicinal material container in the step S3.
Further, in the step S6, each of the pellets forming the whole of the wrapping structure is placed in a roller system of the pill machine to be rolled for 30 minutes to form the pellets of the wrapping structure.
Compared with the prior art, the traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is divided into the component A and the component B according to the short-time acting component and the long-time acting component of each medicinal material, the component A is used for wrapping the component B by adopting a wrapping type pill preparation method to realize the effects of layered release and drug potency synergy, the component A can be released and exert the short-time effect more quickly by being placed on the outer layer, and the component B forms the protective layer on the inner layer and is gradually released and exerts the long-time effect.
Further, a flat plate device with dense pores is used in the preparation process so as to ensure that the additive can be uniformly dripped into medicinal material powder; the area of the flat plate device is equal to the area of the container opening of the medicinal material container, so that the uniform distribution of the additives is ensured; the device is helpful for improving the mixing uniformity of medicinal powder and additives, and finally preparing pills with stable quality and uniformly distributed active ingredients.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be further described with reference to the following examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases according to an embodiment of the invention. The embodiment of the invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which comprises the following components: a component A and a component B, and the component B is coated by the component A;
wherein, the component A comprises 5-15 parts of quercetin, 2-8 parts of safflower, 2-8 parts of red sage root and 2-8 parts of szechuan lovage rhizome;
the component B comprises 5-15 parts of poria cocos, 2-8 parts of white paeony root, 2-8 parts of Chinese angelica and 1-5 parts of liquorice.
It can be understood that the quercetin has the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and can promote blood circulation, reduce blood coagulation and effectively improve the blood circulation problems related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; poria is a traditional Chinese medicine with diuretic effect, and can discharge excessive water in vivo, relieve edema in vivo, and help to regulate body fluid balance; the safflower has the effects of activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis and detoxifying, and can improve microcirculation, promote blood circulation and relieve symptoms caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; the red sage root is a common Chinese herbal medicine, has the characteristics of activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, dilating blood vessels and resisting blood coagulation, can improve symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and reduce risks of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; white peony root is a Chinese herbal medicine with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and can relieve pain and inflammatory reaction caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and promote blood circulation; chinese angelica is a common Chinese herbal medicine for tonifying qi and activating blood, and can promote blood circulation, improve symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and relieve fatigue and qi-blood deficiency caused by the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; the ligusticum wallichii has the effects of activating blood circulation, removing stasis and dilating blood vessels, can promote blood circulation, reduce blood viscosity and improve symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; licorice is a common Chinese herbal medicine, has the function of harmonizing drug properties, can increase the acceptability of a formula, and has certain auxiliary effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
The components in the formula have the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, dilating blood vessels, promoting blood circulation, relieving inflammatory reaction, and improving symptoms and conditions related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
In practice, the component A is a short-time acting group, and consists of quercetin, safflower, red sage root and ligusticum wallichii. These ingredients are short acting traditional Chinese medicines, which have relatively short duration of action on the human body, usually within a few hours. Safflower, red sage root, ligusticum wallichii and other components are commonly used for improving blood circulation, dilating blood vessels, relieving pain and other short-term effects. They are rapidly absorbed after administration, usually in a few hours, and are rapidly metabolized and expelled from the body.
The component B is a long-acting group and consists of poria cocos, white paeony root, chinese angelica and liquorice. These ingredients are long acting traditional Chinese medicines, and the action time is relatively long, and can reach several days or even longer. These ingredients generally have the effects of regulating body function, nourishing the body, and promoting overall health. Poria, radix Paeoniae alba and radix Angelicae sinensis are commonly used for regulating immune system, enhancing physical strength, balancing endocrine, etc. They take some time to accumulate in the body to exert a full conditioning effect.
The component A is coated on the outer layer of the component B, so that the component A can be released and exert short-term effect more quickly, and the component B forms a protective layer on the inner layer and is released gradually and exerts long-term effect.
Specifically, the formulation also includes additives to increase mouthfeel and acceptability;
wherein the additive comprises honey, starch, glucose and chitosan.
Specifically, the traditional Chinese medicine is an oral dosage form pill.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, respectively preparing required quercetin, poria cocos, safflower, red sage root, white peony root, chinese angelica, ligusticum wallichii and liquorice according to a proportion, and dividing the quercetin, the poria cocos, the safflower, the red sage root, the white peony root, the Chinese angelica, the ligusticum wallichii and the liquorice into two groups A, B;
step S2, preprocessing the A, B two groups of medicinal materials, including cleaning, slicing and stir-frying;
step S3, respectively mixing and finely grinding the two groups of pretreated medicinal materials into powder, and uniformly mixing the powder to obtain two groups of mixed medicinal material powder;
s4, preparing an inner layer pill by using the medicinal materials in the group B;
s5, preparing an outer tablet by using the medicinal materials in the group A;
step S6, wrapping the outer-layer tablets with the inner-layer pills one by one, so that the inner-layer pills and the outer-layer pills form a whole pill with a wrapping structure;
step S7, the pill is spread and dried to increase the hardness and the storage stability of the pill.
Specifically, step S2 includes:
step S21, soaking the medicinal materials in clear water for 5-10min respectively, and cleaning;
s22, cutting the cleaned medicinal materials into slices with equal widths;
step S23, after the water on the surfaces of the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii is absorbed, the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii are respectively put into a frying pan to be continuously stir-fried with medium and low fire, so that the surfaces of the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii are respectively yellowish and reddish, and fragrance is emitted by the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii.
In the actual preparation process, the stir-frying time of the red sage root is usually 10-15 minutes, and the stir-frying time of the ligusticum wallichii is about 5-10 minutes.
Specifically, step S4 includes:
step S41, adding a first additive into the group B medicinal material powder and uniformly stirring the first additive to obtain a pill inner layer raw material;
step S42, preparing the inner layer raw materials of the pills into a plurality of inner layer pills with the same size by a pill machine;
wherein the first adjunct comprises starch and chitosan.
Specifically, step S5 includes:
step S51, adding a second additive into the group A medicinal material powder and uniformly stirring the second additive to obtain a raw material of the outer layer of the pill;
step S52, preparing the outer layer raw materials of the pill into a plurality of outer layer pills with equal sizes;
step S53, and pressing the outer-layer pill into the outer-layer tablet having a certain thickness;
wherein the second adjunct comprises starch and glucose.
In practice, the second adjunct also includes horseshoe yellow syrup, which serves the functions of binding, wetting and shaping.
It can be understood that the two groups of medicinal material powders of the vegetation in step S4 and step S5 should be placed in the medicinal material container, and the medicinal material container should be provided with stirring blades for uniformly mixing the medicinal material powders, where the stirring blades may be located at the bottom of the container and have the same area as the bottom, or may be co-located with the medicinal material container and located at the axis of the container, and may also have the blade axis perpendicular to the axis of the container.
Specifically, the number of the inner-layer pills prepared in the step S4 is equal to the number of the outer-layer pills prepared in the step S5.
It is understood that in order to make the proportion of each medicinal material component in each pill the same as the medicinal material proportion, the number of inner-layer pills prepared by using the medicinal material of group B is equal to the number of outer-layer pills prepared by using the medicinal material of group A; if 100 inner-layer pills are prepared from the group B medicinal materials in the step S4, 100 outer-layer pills are also prepared from the group A medicinal materials in the step S5.
Specifically, the device for adding the additive is a flat plate-shaped device with dense pores so that the additive can be uniformly dripped into the medicinal material powder;
the area of the flat plate device is equal to the area of the container opening of the medicinal material container in the step S3.
It will be appreciated that assuming a 100 square centimeter container mouth area for the drug container, the flat panel device should also be 100 square centimeters in area and may be made of different materials, such as ceramic, metal or plastic, to ensure durability and ease of cleaning. In the preparation process, the medicinal powder is placed in the medicinal container, and the tablet device is placed above the mouth of the container at a distance from the medicinal powder. The supplement is then evenly dropped out of the dense pores of the flat panel device by proper control, thereby thoroughly mixing with the drug powder.
Specifically, in step S6, the pellets of each of the whole pellets forming the wrapping structure are placed in a roller system in a pill machine to be rolled for 30 minutes to form the pellets of the wrapping structure.
It will be appreciated that step S6 forms a pill by wrapping an inner pill with an outer pill, the inner and outer layers of the pill are not in close enough contact and the structure of the pill is unstable at this time, so that it is necessary to put the pill into a pill making machine to rotate and compress the pill to form a pill having a certain shape and size, and simultaneously apply a proper pressure to form a tight pill between the rollers or drums and ensure tight combination of the inner and outer layers of the pill.
Examples:
sample 1 of the embodiment adopts the preparation method of the coated pill provided by the invention to prepare the traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; sample 2 adopts the medicinal materials in the same proportion, but does not group the medicinal materials, but directly mixes and grinds all the pretreated medicinal materials into powder, adds the additive with the same composition as sample 1 into the powder, and places the powder into the same pill preparation machine to roll for 30 minutes under the same pressure; the comparison results are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention; various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which is characterized by comprising: a component A and a component B, and the component B is coated by the component A;
wherein, the component A comprises 5-15 parts of quercetin, 2-8 parts of safflower, 2-8 parts of red sage root and 2-8 parts of szechuan lovage rhizome;
the component B comprises 5-15 parts of poria cocos, 2-8 parts of white paeony root, 2-8 parts of Chinese angelica and 1-5 parts of liquorice.
2. The traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases according to claim 1, wherein the formula further comprises additives to increase taste and acceptability;
wherein the additive comprises honey, starch, glucose and chitosan.
3. The traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases according to claim 2, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine is an oral dosage form pill.
4. A method for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, respectively preparing required quercetin, poria cocos, safflower, red sage root, white peony root, chinese angelica, ligusticum wallichii and liquorice according to a proportion, and dividing the quercetin, the poria cocos, the safflower, the red sage root, the white peony root, the Chinese angelica, the ligusticum wallichii and the liquorice into two groups A, B;
step S2, preprocessing the A, B two groups of medicinal materials, including cleaning, slicing and stir-frying;
step S3, respectively mixing and finely grinding the two groups of pretreated medicinal materials into powder, and uniformly mixing the powder to obtain two groups of mixed medicinal material powder;
s4, preparing an inner layer pill by using the medicinal materials in the group B;
s5, preparing an outer tablet by using the medicinal materials in the group A;
step S6, wrapping the outer-layer tablets with the inner-layer pills one by one, so that the inner-layer pills and the outer-layer pills form a whole pill with a wrapping structure;
step S7, the pill is spread and dried to increase the hardness and the storage stability of the pill.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step S2 comprises:
step S21, soaking the medicinal materials in clear water for 5-10min respectively, and cleaning;
s22, cutting the cleaned medicinal materials into slices with equal widths;
step S23, after the water on the surfaces of the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii is absorbed, the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii are respectively put into a frying pan to be continuously stir-fried with medium and low fire, so that the surfaces of the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii are respectively yellowish and reddish, and fragrance is emitted by the flaky salvia miltiorrhiza and the flaky ligusticum wallichii.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step S4 comprises:
step S41, adding a first additive into the group B medicinal material powder and uniformly stirring the first additive to obtain a pill inner layer raw material;
step S42, preparing the inner layer raw materials of the pills into a plurality of inner layer pills with the same size by a pill machine;
wherein the first adjunct comprises starch and chitosan.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step S5 comprises:
step S51, adding a second additive into the group A medicinal material powder and uniformly stirring the second additive to obtain a raw material of the outer layer of the pill;
step S52, preparing the outer layer raw materials of the pill into a plurality of outer layer pills with equal sizes;
step S53, and pressing the outer-layer pill into the outer-layer tablet having a certain thickness;
wherein the second adjunct comprises starch and glucose.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the number of inner pills prepared in step S4 is equal to the number of outer pills prepared in step S5.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the means for adding the additive is a plate-like device having dense pores so that the additive can be uniformly dropped into the medicinal powder;
the area of the flat plate device is equal to the area of the container opening of the medicinal material container in the step S3.
10. The method of claim 4, wherein in step S6, each of the pellets forming the whole of the wrapping structure is placed in a roller system of a pill machine for 30 minutes to form the pellets of the wrapping structure.
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Citations (2)
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CN111658618A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-09-15 | 陈淑杰 | Pure traditional Chinese medicine navel paste pill and preparation method thereof |
CN112472761A (en) * | 2020-12-19 | 2021-03-12 | 河北萧远医药科技有限公司 | Oral Chinese medicine for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111658618A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-09-15 | 陈淑杰 | Pure traditional Chinese medicine navel paste pill and preparation method thereof |
CN112472761A (en) * | 2020-12-19 | 2021-03-12 | 河北萧远医药科技有限公司 | Oral Chinese medicine for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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吴丹丹等: "基于网络药理学探讨活血益气方促进心肌梗死后 血管新生作用机制", 中国中医药信息杂志, vol. 27, no. 12, 31 December 2020 (2020-12-31), pages 76 - 82 * |
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