CN117169958A - Method for dividing beneficial regions of hilly beach - Google Patents

Method for dividing beneficial regions of hilly beach Download PDF

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CN117169958A
CN117169958A CN202210575224.XA CN202210575224A CN117169958A CN 117169958 A CN117169958 A CN 117169958A CN 202210575224 A CN202210575224 A CN 202210575224A CN 117169958 A CN117169958 A CN 117169958A
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seismic
range
favorable
beach
region
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陈林
欧家强
梁锋
吴宗蔚
朱童
王海峰
王立恩
江林蔚
杨洋
尹浪
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Abstract

The application discloses a method for dividing a pool body advantageous region, which comprises the following steps: s1, determining a data range of a target layer based on post-stack seismic data, and picking up a layer position of the target layer; s2, determining high-quality reservoir response characteristics; s3, calculating the stratum thickness of the target layer and the number of extreme points inside the target layer; and determining a bench edge beach range C; s4, screening out seismic attribute response characteristics of the high-quality reservoir from the seismic attribute response characteristics of the high-quality reservoir, and determining the favorable range of each seismic attribute; s5, calculating an intersection of the favorable range of each seismic attribute and the bench edge beach range C to obtain the most favorable region range X of the target layer; s6, the intersection of the table edge beach range C and the union of the favorable ranges of the seismic attributes is obtained, and the range of the set of favorable ranges of the seismic attributes on the table edge beach, excluding the most favorable region range X, in the range A', is the secondary favorable region range Q. The application has the advantage of high dividing precision, and simultaneously divides the favorable region and the sub-favorable region in the beach body.

Description

Method for dividing beneficial regions of hilly beach
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration, in particular to a method for dividing a pool advantageous region.
Background
Among various reservoirs for oil and gas exploration, carbonate reservoirs are one of conventional reservoirs, wherein the hillside is one type of carbonate reservoir, which is widely developed in medium-high energy environments such as open terraces and terraced edges. Such as the Sichuan basin, the lamp shadow group develops a plurality of sets of karst weathering crust reservoirs of carbonate rocks, most of which are in the deposit phase of the hillside, and the table edge hillside is the most favorable reservoir. The stratum is positioned at the shallow sea at the edge of the bench at the initial stage of deposition, and receives the effects of fresh water corrosion, wind, structural movement and the like at the later stage, so that a large number of inter-grain, inter-grain solution holes, solution cavities, corrosion joints, structural joints and the like are formed, and the storage performance is greatly improved. However, even if the reservoir is the beach body of the bench edge deposition environment, the diagenetic conditions of different areas are the same, the corrosion and weathering effects and the constructional motion transformation degrees accepted in the later period are different, so that the physical properties of the reservoir are different, the development conditions of the pores, the dissolved holes and the cracks are also obviously different in space, the positions of the cracks and the holes which are relatively developed are the favorable areas to be found, and the relatively favorable areas need to be prioritized when well positions are deployed.
The prior technology for dividing the favorable region of the hilly beach body in the transverse direction generally integrates rock core, slice, logging and geochemistry data, performs gridding interpolation treatment on the favorable reservoir thickness on the well on a plane to form a reservoir thickness contour map, and determines the range of the hilly beach body according to the thickness; or the beach range is divided according to the relative value range of the reservoir by the attribute, inversion and other methods of the seismic data.
The existing interpolation type method has the problem of lower accuracy, and the formed favorable region has high smoothness and is easy to leak out detail information between interpolation points. Methods by seismic attribute or inversion are relatively accurate, but the favorable and less favorable regions cannot be partitioned.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a method for dividing the advantageous region of the beach body, which has the advantage of high dividing precision and can divide the advantageous region and the sub-advantageous region in the beach body at the same time.
The application is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for dividing a useful region of a beach body comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a data range of a target layer based on post-stack seismic data, and picking up a layer position of the target layer, wherein the layer position comprises a top-boundary seismic layer position and a bottom-boundary seismic layer position;
s2, reservoir interpretation data and seismic interpretation data of logging geology are compared and analyzed, and high-quality reservoir response characteristics are determined;
s3, calculating the stratum thickness of the target layer in the step S1 and the number of extreme points inside the target layer; determining a thickness favorable range T and an extreme point favorable range P of the table edge beach based on the thickness critical value and the extreme point critical value of the table edge beach, and obtaining a table edge beach range C by solving intersection of the thickness favorable range T and the extreme point favorable range P;
s4, screening out the high-quality reservoir seismic attribute response characteristics from the high-quality reservoir response characteristics obtained in the step S2, extracting corresponding seismic attributes, and obtaining the favorable range of each seismic attribute based on the seismic attribute critical value;
s5, obtaining an intersection of the favorable range of each seismic attribute obtained in the step S4 and the bench edge beach range C obtained in the step S3 to obtain the most favorable region range X of the target layer;
s6, obtaining an intersection of the table edge beach range C and the union of the favorable ranges of the seismic attributes, and obtaining a favorable region range A 'of the set of favorable ranges of the seismic attributes on the table edge beach, wherein the range of the favorable region range A' except for the most favorable region range X is a secondary favorable region range Q.
The post-stack seismic data of the application is basic data and can be directly obtained. Reservoir interpretation data and seismic interpretation data are also directly available.
Because the thickness of the beach body is an index for distinguishing the beach at the edge of the beach from other beach bodies, the thickness of the stratum is an important characteristic index; since the seismic waveforms of the table edge beach are generally disordered and the extreme points are generally more, the characteristic can be used for distinguishing the table edge beach from other beach bodies with stable reflected waveforms. Therefore, the application extracts the characteristics (stratum thickness and extreme points) of the table edge beach in the beach body, and can effectively distinguish the relatively favorable sedimentary phase zone range in the beach body. Meanwhile, the most obvious various seismic data features of the useful zone of the hill beach body are comprehensively determined based on the various seismic data features and the table edge beach, and the method is more accurate and reliable than a well interpolation method.
Also, the present application can divide the most advantageous region and the less advantageous region at the same time using the method of intersection and union.
Further, in step S1, the horizons further comprise intermediate horizons of the target layer, which may also be referred to as inner horizons, in order to extract local features in subsequent steps, depending on the specific stratum.
Further, the specific process of step S2 is as follows:
and comparing and analyzing reservoir interpretation data and seismic interpretation data of logging geology, determining obvious difference characteristics of the high-quality reservoir and the non-high-quality reservoir, and determining high-quality reservoir response characteristics based on the obvious difference characteristics.
Specifically, reservoir interpretation data of logging geology and seismic interpretation data are correspondingly analyzed, and beach bodies (high-quality reservoirs) with developed holes, holes and seams and beach bodies (non-high-quality reservoirs) with non-developed holes, holes and seams are compared at multiple angles to select obvious difference characteristics capable of distinguishing the two. Including but not limited to: 1. formation thickness; 2. waveform, intensity, longitudinal combination form and transverse continuity of the same phase axis of the earthquake; 3. amplitude, frequency and phase information of the seismic wave; 4. geometrical features of the formation such as degree of curvature, dislocation, dip angle; 5. inverted geophysical parameters, and the like.
Further, the acquisition mode of the response characteristics of the high-quality reservoir comprises a seismic waveform section, a seismic attribute and an inversion result.
Further, in step S3, the method for obtaining the stratum thickness of the target layer is: for each seismic trace, the top-bound seismic horizon time (or depth) is subtracted from the bottom-bound seismic horizon time (or depth) of the tracked target layer.
Further, in step S3, the extreme point number is calculated by:
for each seismic trace, a number of locations where a first derivative of the seismic signal x (t) between the top and bottom boundary seismic horizons of the target layer is 0 is calculated. In the case of an actual discrete signal, the number of positive and negative changes in the difference between the signals x (t) may be obtained.
Further, in step S3, the thickness critical value and the extreme point critical value of the table edge beach are obtained by statistics from the seismic section through a random sampling method.
Further, in step S4, the number of seismic attribute response characteristics of the high-quality reservoir is equal to or greater than two. Including but not limited to camber properties, coherence properties, instantaneous frequency, wave impedance inversion, and the like.
Further, the most favorable region range X and the second favorable region range Q are distinguished by colors.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the dividing method is well-seismic combination, and the table edge beach in the hillside beach body is determined based on the stratum thickness and the extreme point number; the method fully utilizes the advantage of accuracy of prediction of the seismic data in the transverse direction, and utilizes the characteristic seismic attributes of various high-quality reservoirs to carry out comprehensive division, thereby having the advantages of high precision and good effectiveness.
2. The application can divide the most favorable area and the secondary favorable area simultaneously by adopting the method for solving the intersection and the union, and has higher coincidence rate with the actual situation.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present application;
fig. 2 is a graph of the result of the division in example 1.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present application and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present application only and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for dividing the useful region of the beach body includes the following steps:
s1, determining a data range of a target layer based on post-stack seismic data, and picking up the layers of the target layer, wherein the layers comprise a top boundary seismic layer and a bottom boundary seismic layer, and the picked-up seismic layer is a conventional seismic data interpretation means without method limitation. Only the top and bottom boundaries may be picked up, or the internal horizons may be additionally picked up to extract local features in a later step, depending on the specific formation situation.
S2, comparing and analyzing reservoir interpretation data and seismic interpretation data of logging geology, determining obvious difference characteristics of a high-quality reservoir and a non-high-quality reservoir, determining high-quality reservoir response characteristics based on the obvious difference characteristics, and determining high-quality reservoir response characteristics based on the high-quality reservoir response characteristics;
specifically, reservoir interpretation data of logging geology and seismic interpretation data are correspondingly analyzed, and beach bodies (high-quality reservoirs) with developed holes, holes and seams and beach bodies (non-high-quality reservoirs) with non-developed holes, holes and seams are compared at multiple angles to select obvious difference characteristics capable of distinguishing the two. Including but not limited to: 1. formation thickness; 2. waveform, intensity, longitudinal combination form and transverse continuity of the same phase axis of the earthquake; 3. amplitude, frequency and phase information of the seismic wave; 4. geometrical features of the formation such as degree of curvature, dislocation, dip angle; 5. inverted geophysical parameters, and the like.
S3, calculating the stratum thickness of the target layer and the extreme point number inside the target layer in the step S1 to form a thickness plan view and an extreme point number plan view; based on the thickness critical value and the extreme point critical value of the table edge beach, defining a range of the table edge beach thickness favorable range T and a range of the table edge beach extreme point favorable range P on a plan according to the thickness critical value and the extreme point critical value, and solving an intersection to obtain a table edge beach range C=T n P;
in this step, the thickness of the beach is an index for distinguishing the beach at the edge of the beach from other beach, so the thickness of the stratum is a relatively important characteristic index. The method for obtaining the stratum thickness of the target layer comprises the following steps: for each seismic trace, the top-bound seismic horizon time (or depth) is subtracted from the bottom-bound seismic horizon time (or depth) of the tracked target layer. Since the seismic waveforms of the table edge beach are generally disordered and the extreme points are generally more, the characteristic can be used for distinguishing the table edge beach from other beach bodies with stable reflected waveforms. The method for solving the number of the extreme points in the target layer is as follows: for each seismic trace, a number of locations where a first derivative of the seismic signal x (t) between the top and bottom boundary seismic horizons of the target layer is 0 is calculated. In the case of an actual discrete signal, the number of positive and negative changes in the difference between the signals x (t) may be obtained. The calculation method is a commonly used mathematical algorithm.
The thickness of the bench edge beach and the critical value of the extreme point number can be obtained by statistics from geology, logging data or seismic sections in a random sampling mode, and the values can be basically distinguished from other types of beach bodies.
S4, screening out the seismic attribute response characteristics of the high-quality reservoir from the high-quality reservoir response characteristics obtained in the step S2; extracting corresponding seismic attributes (A1-Ak), and extracting attribute values along a target layer time window to form corresponding k plane graphs; based on the seismic attribute critical value, obtaining the favorable range of each seismic attribute, wherein the favorable range of each seismic attribute is divided into S1-Sk, and obtaining a set S' =S1U 2U … U Sk of favorable area ranges of all characteristic attributes;
in this step, the selected good-quality reservoir seismic attribute response characteristics are typically 2 or more, including but not limited to camber attribute, coherence attribute, instantaneous frequency, wave impedance inversion, etc.; the acquisition mode of the response characteristics of the high-quality reservoir comprises a seismic waveform section, a seismic attribute and an inversion result.
In the step, the seismic attribute response characteristic critical values of various high-quality reservoirs are qualitatively given according to the value range distribution of various attributes and the comparison analysis with logging and geological data, and the values should be capable of roughly distinguishing the areas of the high-quality reservoirs and should not be too large or too small.
S5, obtaining the intersection of the beneficial range of each seismic attribute obtained in the step S4 and the bench edge beach range C obtained in the step S3 to obtain the most beneficial region range X of the target layer, wherein X=C.andS 1 andS 2 and … andSk.
S6, the intersection of the bench edge beach range C and a union S 'of the favorable ranges of the seismic attributes is obtained, and the favorable region range A', A '=C n S' of the favorable region range A 'of the set of favorable ranges of the seismic attributes on the bench edge beach is a secondary favorable region range Q, and the range excluding the most favorable region range X is Q=A' -X.
In this embodiment, the method of delineating the range of the advantageous region may be implemented by obtaining a contour line of the critical value, or by debugging a color scale of the plan view, and then manually delineating the region along a color boundary of the critical value, without limitation of a specific method. The operation method for solving the intersection, union and other areas is a general mathematical set operation mode.
After the steps S1-S6 are completed, the plane range of the most favorable area X and the less favorable area Q of the table edge beach is obtained.
The application of the embodiment in the lamp shadow set gas reservoir in a study area of Sichuan is as follows:
the objective layer is a lamp shadow set of the Jodule system, which is located at the eastern part of the Jia Dong ancient ridge of the Sichuan basin. The multi-curtain construction movement is carried out in the period from tung bay to calidong, and multi-stage non-integration is formed, so that the method is beneficial to the development of multiple sets of karst weathered crust high-quality reservoirs from the lamp shadow group of the sweet-power system to the ancient kingdom, the development of a large number of holes and the local development of cracks. The purpose of this application is to divide the favorable reservoir area in the destination layer rim beach.
The implementation process is as follows:
1) And preparing the post-stack seismic data, and determining the data range of the target layer.
2) Picking up top-bottom boundary seismic horizons of the target layer, and internal horizons within the target layer to find internal features:
the four-section top-bound seismic horizon E1q of the lamp shadow set, the three-section bottom-bound seismic horizon Z2Dn3 of the lamp shadow set and the four-section upper bottom-bound Z2Dn4s of the lamp shadow set are picked up.
3) Analyzing response characteristics such as seismic waveform sections, seismic attributes, inversion results and the like of the reservoir:
analyzing response characteristics such as seismic waveform sections, seismic attributes, inversion results and the like of the reservoir to obtain characteristics that the high-quality reservoir in the table edge beach or the table edge beach of the zone is different from other types of beach stratum, wherein the characteristics are as follows: 1.E1q-Z2 Dn4s stratum thickness is thicker; 2. the reflection of the same phase axis of the earthquake is poor in transverse continuity, and the whole earthquake is messy, so that extreme points between E1q and Z2Dn3 are more; the local distortion and bending characteristics of E1 q-Z2 Dn4s stratum at the position of seam hole development are obvious; and 4. The E1 q-Z2 Dn4s wave impedance inversion value is lower at the position of high fracture-cavity development and gas yield than at other positions.
4) And calculating the stratum thickness of the target layer and the extreme point number inside the target layer according to the tracked top-bottom boundary seismic layer of the target layer to form a thickness plan view and an extreme point number plan view:
the method for obtaining the thickness of the target layer comprises the following steps: for each seismic trace, subtracting the time of the top boundary seismic horizon E1q from the time of the target horizon Z2Dn4s horizon to obtain a target horizon thickness plan.
The method for obtaining the internal extreme points of E1 q-Z2 Dn3 comprises the following steps: and calculating the positive and negative variation numbers of the difference between the E1 q-Z2 Dn3 seismic horizons according to each seismic trace to obtain a target layer extreme point number plan.
5) And analyzing the characteristics of the high-quality reservoir, preferably selecting the seismic attribute response characteristics of the high-quality reservoir, extracting the corresponding seismic attribute, and extracting the attribute value along the time window of the target layer to form a corresponding plan:
the seismic attributes of the selected high-quality reservoirs are analyzed as follows: curvature attribute (A1), symmetry attribute (A2) -reflecting local twist and bend characteristics of the formation; the relative wave impedance attribute (A3) -reflects the characteristics of the fracture-cave developing reservoir. These 3 attributes are then calculated to obtain the corresponding attribute volume.
6) Counting to obtain a table edge beach thickness critical value and an extreme point critical value from the seismic section in a random sampling mode, and defining a range of table edge beach thickness favorable range T and a table edge beach extreme point favorable range P on a plan according to the values, and obtaining a table edge beach range C=T n P by intersection;
7) Counting the value range distribution ranges of the selected attributes A1, A2 and A3 in a high-quality reservoir region to obtain respective high-quality reservoir critical values, circling the favorable ranges S1-S3 of the characteristic attributes on a plane according to the values, and obtaining a set S' =S1U S2U S3 of the favorable region ranges of all the characteristic attributes;
8) Obtaining the intersection of all the areas to obtain the most favorable area range X=C.u.S 1.u.S 2.u.S 3;
9) The range A '=C n S' of the set S 'of the favorable region ranges of all the characteristic attributes on the table edge beach is obtained, and then the favorable region range X is subtracted to obtain the sub-favorable region range Q=A' -X.
After the steps (1) - (9) are completed, the plane ranges of the most favorable region X and the less favorable region Q of the platform edge beach of the research area are obtained, and as shown in fig. 2, the preferable attribute curvature and symmetrical body attribute plane diagrams are displayed in a superimposed manner, and the most favorable region (dark gray region) and the less favorable region (light gray region) are drawn. Later we mark high-yield wells (black) and medium-low-yield wells (white). It can be seen that the high-yield well is mostly located in the most favorable region, the middle-low-yield well is partly located in the most favorable region and partly located in the less favorable region, so that the method for dividing the favorable region of the beach body is effective.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application, and is not meant to limit the scope of the application, but to limit the application to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.

Claims (10)

1. The method for dividing the useful region of the beach body is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining a data range of a target layer based on post-stack seismic data, and picking up a layer position of the target layer, wherein the layer position comprises a top-boundary seismic layer position and a bottom-boundary seismic layer position;
s2, reservoir interpretation data and seismic interpretation data of logging geology are compared and analyzed, and high-quality reservoir response characteristics are determined;
s3, calculating the stratum thickness of the target layer in the step S1 and the number of extreme points inside the target layer; determining a thickness favorable range T and an extreme point favorable range P of the table edge beach based on the thickness critical value and the extreme point critical value of the table edge beach, and obtaining a table edge beach range C by solving intersection of the thickness favorable range T and the extreme point favorable range P;
s4, screening out the high-quality reservoir seismic attribute response characteristics from the high-quality reservoir response characteristics obtained in the step S2, extracting corresponding seismic attributes, and obtaining the favorable range of each seismic attribute based on the seismic attribute critical value;
s5, obtaining an intersection of the favorable range of each seismic attribute obtained in the step S4 and the bench edge beach range C obtained in the step S3 to obtain the most favorable region range X of the target layer;
s6, obtaining an intersection of the table edge beach range C and the union of the favorable ranges of the seismic attributes, and obtaining a favorable region range A 'of the set of favorable ranges of the seismic attributes on the table edge beach, wherein the range of the favorable region range A' except for the most favorable region range X is a secondary favorable region range Q.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the horizon further comprises an intermediate horizon of the target layer.
3. The method for dividing the pool body advantageous region according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of step S2 is as follows:
and comparing and analyzing reservoir interpretation data and seismic interpretation data of logging geology, determining obvious difference characteristics of the high-quality reservoir and the non-high-quality reservoir, and determining high-quality reservoir response characteristics based on the obvious difference characteristics.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the quality reservoir response characteristic comprises a formation thickness; and waveform, intensity, longitudinal combination form and transverse continuity of the same phase axis of the earthquake; and amplitude, frequency and phase information of the seismic waves; geometric features of the formation; and inverted geophysical parameters.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method of obtaining the response characteristics of the premium reservoir comprises a seismic waveform profile, a seismic attribute, and an inversion result.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the stratum thickness is the bottom-bound seismic horizon time/depth minus the top-bound seismic horizon time/depth of the target layer.
7. The method for partitioning a pool body advantageous region according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the extreme point number is calculated by:
the number of locations where the first derivative of the seismic signal x (t) between the top and bottom boundary seismic horizons of the target layer is 0 is calculated.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the thickness threshold and the extreme point threshold of the beach are obtained statistically from the seismic profile by means of random sampling.
9. The method for partitioning a pool body vantage point according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the number of seismic attribute response characteristics of the high-quality reservoir is equal to or greater than two.
10. A method of dividing a region of interest of a beach body according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which the most advantageous region range X and the less advantageous region range Q are distinguished by colour.
CN202210575224.XA 2022-05-25 2022-05-25 Method for dividing beneficial regions of hilly beach Pending CN117169958A (en)

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