CN109283577A - A kind of seismic layer labeling method - Google Patents
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of seismic layer labeling methods, on the basis of the vertical calibration result in layer position obtained using existing vertical horizon calibration method, according to each individual well target reservoir thickness horizontally with the optimum matching relation of seismic attributes information, best reservoir calibration position is determined.The invention proposes vertical calibration with laterally demarcate the method being used in combination, more well reservoir thickness parameters horizontally optimal match point with seismic-sensitive attribute is found using sliding window, as final calibration result, the case where there are multiple wells suitable for earthquake work area improves the stated accuracy for thin layer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to reservoir predictions, lithologic deposit analysis technical field in exploration of oil and gas field, development process, specifically relate to
A kind of and seismic layer labeling method.
Background technique
Lithological reservoir exploration, which is developed, has become the key areas of current oilfield prospecting developing, and people are in order to from earthquake
More directly more detailed reservoir lithology, physical property and oil-gas possibility information are obtained in data, have been carried out such as attributes extraction analysis, have been folded
Before/a variety of research work such as poststack seismic properties inverting, but any earthquake information and attributes extraction for target reservoir, from
The horizon calibration between earthquake information and well logging information is not opened.That is, being one using well logging information calibration seismic horizon
The work on very important basis is to connect because it is the precondition of reservoir prediction research in lithological reservoir exploration exploitation
Connect the bridge of seismic data and reservoir.
Currently, there are mainly two types of common horizon calibration methods: one is with earthquake by sound wave synthetic seismogram and well
Do the horizon calibration of relevant comparative's progress in road；Another kind is directly to carry out horizon calibration with VSP record.These methods belong to vertical
To standardization, i.e., along hole diameter sequential calibration layer position from shallow to deep, when solving complicated practical problem, often exist multi-solution and
Limitation.
Composite traces horizon calibration there are the problem of:
1, making the reflection coefficient of the wave impedance interface of composite traces is according to acoustic logging and density log material computation
It obtains, but this two well informations will receive the influence of mud contamination and shaft wall structure；
2, earthquake record horizon calibration technology is conventionally synthesized using the one-dimensional convolution mould under HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY assumed condition
Type does not account for the influences of the factors to seismic trace near well such as seismic transmission loss, multiple wave, conversion longitudinal wave；
3, when in use between migrating seismic data carry out horizon calibration when, it is believed that reflectance data is from its position
Underface does not account for the drift of seismic imaging ray horizontally, causes synthetic seismogram and seismic trace near well in transverse direction
On comparison have differences；
4, logging speed is vertical interval velocity by well, and surface seismic has the root mean sequare velocity of incidence angle.Therefore, into
Row well information depth-when conversion in will appear mis-tie misclosure with surface seismic data, it is often necessary to the fine tuning of velocity field can just close
It closes, however, thin interbed often shows as the poor weak back wave of continuity in actual operation, above fine speed adjustment be will cause
The multi-solution of calibration.
VSP is most accurate in various vertical horizon calibration methods, but there is also following problems:
1, VSP speed is the vertical average speed on stratum, and seismic data is the root mean sequare velocity with incidence angle, the two
Corresponding time waveform is inconsistent；
2, VSP well logging detector is placed in well, and without half-wave loss, and surface seismic wave detector is embedded in ground, is in bullet
Property medium half space interface on, there are half-wave loss, both cause polarity inconsistent.
To sum up, due to existing vertical standardization, it is only adapted to individual well, it is existing to hang down when a work area is there are when multiple wells
Presence to intrinsic problem and multi-solution existing for standardization causes between each individual well for same target reservoir calibration result not
It is completely the same, influence seismic layer labeling precision.
As exploration target is gradually to lithologic deposit and thin layer transfer, above-mentioned conventional seismic layer labeling method
Precision is difficult to meet demand, how to improve seismic layer labeling precision, for improving the correctness of reservoir prediction and lithologic interpretation,
It has a very important significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of seismic layer labeling methods, show in work area there are when multiple wells for solving
Have that the vertical seismic layer labeling method precision such as composite traces is not high, has the defects of multi-solution, be not able to satisfy thin reservoir prediction,
The problem of lithologic deposit research needs.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a kind of seismic layer labeling method, include the following steps:
1) fruit poststack pure wave data and log data are processed into according to earthquake, establish well-shake of all wells in earthquake work area
When depth relationship, carry out vertical horizon calibration, obtain seismic horizon vertical calibration of each individual well for destination layer in earthquake work area
As a result；
2) explanation is tracked to the destination layer, obtains destination layer seismic interpretation result；Utilize attribute sensitivity analysis
Method determines the earthquake work area seismic properties sensitive to reservoir thickness；Using the destination layer seismic interpretation result as when window
Center the seismic properties of earthquake work area cross direction profiles are extracted along destination layer according to the when window size of setting；When window center
Window when sliding up and down extracts the seismic properties of the corresponding destination layer cross direction profiles of each sliding window；
3) cross analysis method is utilized, by the data of all seismic-sensitive attributes of extraction, with each individual well to destination layer position
Sandstone reservoir thickness carry out cross analysis, determined between earthquake Sensitive Attributes and sandstone reservoir thickness according to the result of cross analysis
Related coefficient, all related coefficients compared, when corresponding with the maximum related coefficient of numerical value window slippage correct institute
The vertical calibration result of seismic horizon is stated, the final calibration result of seismic horizon is obtained；When window slippage is sliding window when described, phase
For when window center slippage.
Window size is determined according to the intrinsic resolution ratio of the sandstone reservoir thickness and seismic data of destination layer position when described.
The attribute Sensitivity Analysis includes: the seismic processing achievement poststack pure wave number according to the earthquake work area
According to, geological layering data, well-log information and each individual well to the sandstone reservoir thickness of destination layer position, just in conjunction with earthquake model
It drills, attribute sensibility analysis is carried out, so that it is determined that seismic properties of the earthquake work area to sandstone reservoir thickness-sensitive.
The seismic properties are seismic impedance.
The step of being tracked explanation to the destination layer, obtain destination layer seismic interpretation result includes: according to describedly
Each individual well is for destination layer on seismic profile in the geological layering data and the vertical calibration result of the seismic horizon in shake work area
The reflection position of calibration carries out essence to the layer position of destination layer in earthquake work area on seismic processing achievement poststack pure wave data volume
Thin tracking is explained, to obtain destination layer seismic interpretation result.
The sandstone reservoir thickness is determined according to the geological layering data and well-log information in the earthquake work area.
According to the seismic wavelet of the log of standardization and extraction in step 1), the shake all individual wells in work area are generated
Synthetic seismogram, depth relationship when establishing well-shake of all individual wells in the earthquake work area.
The process of the log of the standardization is obtained the following steps are included: reference lamina according to earthquake work area
Features of logging curve response is standardized editing and processing to the log of all drilling wells in earthquake work area.
The seismic wavelet is from seismic processing achievement poststack pure wave data and the log of the standardization
It extracts.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: in the vertical calibration result in layer position obtained using existing vertical horizon calibration method
On the basis of, according to each individual well target reservoir thickness horizontally with the optimum matching relation of seismic attributes information, determine best storage
Layer calibration position.The invention proposes vertical calibration with laterally demarcate the method being used in combination, more wells are found using sliding window
The reservoir thickness parameter horizontally optimal match point with seismic-sensitive attribute is suitable for earthquake work as final calibration result
The case where there are multiple wells in area, improves the stated accuracy for thin layer.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is technical solution of the present invention flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is histogram before the hollow log Concordance in Dong- pu Depression willow village time；
Fig. 3 is histogram after the hollow log Concordance in Dong- pu Depression willow village time；
Fig. 4 is the hollow composite seismogram calibration figure in Dong- pu Depression willow village time；
Fig. 5 is the hollow time-depth relationship figure in Dong- pu Depression willow village time；
Fig. 6 is window sliding figure when seismic properties are extracted in Dong- pu Depression willow village time low-lying area；
Fig. 7 is the hollow reservoir thickness in Dong- pu Depression willow village time and seismic-sensitive attribute crossplot；
Fig. 8 is the hollow lateral horizon calibration related coefficient curve graph in Dong- pu Depression willow village time；
Fig. 9 is that Dong- pu Depression willow collects time low-lying area Hu114-1Jing in wave impedance section display figure.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Using vertical horizon calibration method, each individual well is obtained for the vertical mark of seismic horizon of destination layer in earthquake work area
Determine result.
Explanation is tracked to destination layer, obtains destination layer seismic interpretation result；Using attribute Sensitivity Analysis, really
Determine the earthquake work area seismic properties sensitive to reservoir thickness；Using the destination layer seismic interpretation result as when window center, according to setting
Fixed when window size extracts the seismic-sensitive attribute of earthquake work area cross direction profiles along destination layer；When window center slide up and down when
Window extracts the seismic-sensitive attribute of the corresponding destination layer cross direction profiles of each sliding window.
Using cross analysis method, by the data of all seismic-sensitive attributes of extraction, with each individual well to destination layer position
Sandstone reservoir thickness carries out cross analysis, is determined between earthquake Sensitive Attributes and sandstone reservoir thickness according to the result of cross analysis
Related coefficient, all related coefficients compared, when corresponding with the maximum related coefficient of numerical value described in the amendment of window slippage
The vertical calibration result of seismic horizon obtains the final calibration result of seismic horizon；When window slippage be sliding window when, relative to when
The slippage of window center.
The present invention is on the basis of the vertical calibration of each individual well of target reservoir, horizontally using each individual well target reservoir thickness
With the optimum matching relation of seismic attributes information, best reservoir calibration position is determined.
Above-mentioned each individual well target reservoir thickness is horizontally meant that with the optimum matching relation of seismic attributes information,
Only in correct horizon calibration, the reservoir thickness of the sensitive earthquake attribute of extraction and more well target reservoirs has maximum
Related coefficient, deviateing correct calibration position, then related coefficient declines.
It is collected in time hollow sand three below with reference to Dong- pu Depression willow and laterally demarcates example and attached drawing in reservoir prediction, to of the invention real
The mode of applying is described in further details, and as shown in Figure 1, specific step is as follows by the present invention:
1. obtaining to inverting work area --- seismic processing achievement poststack pure wave data in the hollow sand three in Dong- pu Depression willow village time,
Geological layering data, log.
1.1 log standardizations: according to earthquake work area reference lamina features of logging curve response to the work area institute
There is the log of drilling well to be standardized editing and processing.It is specific as follows:
Editing and processing is standardized using histogram method sound wave curve, is carried out in two steps, chooses the mark that can compare tracking first
Quasi- layer, selection condition is lithology, electrical property feature is obvious, deposition is stablized, it is most in certain thickness single layer or layer group, work area to have
Well, which bores, meets and near or at the mud stone interval on the interval of interest of inverting；Followed by all lists are made using intersection analytical technology
The index bed log response frequency histogram of the total log response frequency histogram of well index bed and individual well.If Fig. 2 is that east Pu is recessed
It falls into willow and collects histogram before time hollow log Concordance, curve values corresponding to characteristic peaks are read from Fig. 2, as
Standard is standardized the log obtained in step 1, obtains the hollow well logging in the village time of Dong- pu Depression willow shown in Fig. 3 with this
Histogram after curve conformity correction.
1.2 extraction seismic wavelets: it is provided using the well logging that seismic processing achievement poststack pure wave data by well and step 1.1 obtain
Material extracts seismic wavelet.It is specific as follows:
First with the seismic processing achievement poststack pure wave data and step in the Dong- pu Depression willow village time low-lying area that step 1 obtains
1.1 logs obtained extract the amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum of seismic wavelet, are then closed using the information of amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum
At the seismic wavelet extracted in the hollow wave impedance inversion in Dong- pu Depression willow village time as shown in Figure 4.The length of above-mentioned wavelet is according to money
The factors such as signal-to-noise ratio, the frequecy characteristic of material are determined by repetition test.According to the hollow wave resistance anti-reflective in Fig. 4 Dong- pu Depression willow village time
The seismic wavelet length for drilling middle extraction is generally 120ms or so, and computation window is at least 3 times of seismic wavelet length or more.
2. establishing well shake time-depth relationship, vertical horizon calibration is carried out.The seismic wavelet and step that applying step 1.2 extracts
The log of 1.1 standardization editing and processing, generates the synthetic seismogram of all wells in earthquake work area, establishes the earthquake work area
Each well calibration result vertical for the seismic horizon of destination layer can be obtained in depth relationship when well-shake of interior all wells.Specifically such as
Under:
2.1 establish depth relationship when Dong- pu Depression willow collects well-shake of all individual wells in time hollow work area.It is extracted with step 1.2
Seismic wavelet and step 1.1 obtain standardization log and make the hollow composite traces mark in Dong- pu Depression willow village time as shown in Figure 4
Fixed figure just obtains the well shake time-depth relationship as shown in Figure 5 of all wells in the hollow sand three in Dong- pu Depression willow village time, wherein dotted line generation
Table is averaged time-depth relationship.Related coefficient is indicated with color in Fig. 4, and the warm tones such as yellow indicate high related coefficient, blue, green
Equal cool tones indicate that low related coefficient, related coefficient generally require to be greater than 0.7.
The geological layering data that the well shake time-depth relationship and step 1 of the 2.2 each individual wells obtained using step 2.1 are obtained, mark
Fixed reflection position of each individual well destination layer position interface on seismic profile, can be obtained vertical calibration result, as shown in Figure 4
The time depth that right side character is layer position, left side is calibration.
3. the well-log information that the geological layering data and step 1.1 that are obtained using step 1 are obtained, statistics recklessly 114, recklessly 99,
Recklessly 101, recklessly 115, in the work areas such as Hu98Jing in each individual well sand three 12 sand groups sandstone reservoir thickness data, and with scatterplot data side
Formula is loaded into work area.
4. detailed level position is explained:
It is husky in the geological layering data and step 2 of all wells in the hollow work area in Dong- pu Depression willow village time obtained according to step 1
The reflection position of 12 sand group layer position each well calibration on seismic profile in three, on seismic processing achievement poststack pure wave data volume,
Progress fine tracking explanation in 12 sand group layer position in sand three in time low-lying area work area is collected to Dong- pu Depression willow, obtains 12 sand group earthquakes in sand three
Layer position explanation results, reach 1 × 1 explanation density.
5. determining Sensitive Attributes:
Pass through 12 sand group geology in poststack pure wave data in the hollow work area in the Dong- pu Depression willow that obtains to step 1 village time, sand three
12 sand group reservoir thickness numbers in each individual well sand three that work area well-log information and step 3 that individual-layer data, step 1.1 obtain obtain
According to comprehensive study analysis is carried out, in conjunction with earthquake forward modeling, attribute sensitivity analysis is carried out, determines the earthquake work area to reservoir thickness
The sensitive seismic properties of degree are wave impedance attribute.
6. 12 sand group single sand body thickness are generally in 3-16m in local area sand three, and consider the intrinsic resolution ratio of seismic data and
The true timing window size of frequency spectrum computational accuracy be 20ms, using 12 sand group seismic interpretation results in step 4 sand three as when window center, along mesh
Mark layer when window in extract seismic-sensitive attribute --- the wave impedance amplitudes of entire work area cross direction profiles, wave impedance amplitude is
The laterally consecutive distribution in entire work area.
7. when window size keep 20ms constant, as unit of 2ms, when being slided up and down centered on 12 interpretation horizons in sand three
Window, as shown in fig. 6, slippage is ± 2ms every time, it is horizontal to extract primary entire work area along destination layer respectively for window at every sliding one time
To the wave impedance amplitude of distribution.
8. the reservoir thickness data of the husky three middle layers position of individual well each in work area that step 3 obtains are extracted with step 6 and step 7
Sand three in 12 sand groups have it is different when window slippage wave impedance amplitude carry out cross analysis respectively, obtain multiple wave impedance
The reservoir thickness data cross plot and corresponding correlation coefficient value --- polynomial regression coefficient that amplitude and more wells obtain
Value.The regression coefficient value reflect with it is different when window slippage cross direction profiles seismic properties and more well data between the two
Degree of correlation.The wave impedance amplitude and reservoir thickness cross plot extracted when window upward sliding 2ms when obtained Fig. 7 is, the figure
Middle polynomial regression coefficient is 83.6, is maximum value on regression coefficient curve.
9. using when window slippage as abscissa, using polynomial regression coefficient as ordinate draw curve, obtain Fig. 8 willow village time
12 sand group transverse direction horizon calibration polynomial regression charts for finned heat in hollow sand three, when searching related coefficient curve maximum is corresponding
Window slippage is -2ms, and the vertical calibration result of existing vertical horizon calibration method acquisition is used with window slippage amendment when this,
Obtain the final calibration result in destination layer position.
It can be seen that the beneficial effects of the present invention are traditional vertical standardization is demarcated in conjunction with new method with lateral,
On the basis of the vertical calibration of more mouthfuls of individual well composite traces, 12 sand group reservoir thickness parameters in more well sand three are found using sliding window
Horizontally with seismic-sensitive attribute, that is, wave impedance attribute optimal match point, 2ms is corrected upwards for vertical calibration result, as
The 12 final calibration results of sand group in sand three, further improve the stated accuracy for thin layer.Efficiently solve vertical calibration side
The thin bed demarcation precision of method is low and has in the presence of more wells calibration result often inconsistence problems.Through that should be obtained by the present invention
The relatively previous vertical standardization of seismic layer labeling result precision significantly improved, especially meet multi-well calibration consistency and improve thin
The demand of layer calibration, establishes good basis for reservoir prediction and lithologic deposit research.
On the basis of Dong- pu Depression willow collects time hollow reservoir transverse direction Fine calibration, using going compacting wave impedance inversion technique to carry out
Reservoir prediction is portrayed according to going compacting wave impedance data to carry out fine depositional trap to stratum in sand three, finds lithologic deposit
Reserves scale 604.6 × 104Ton, the lithological pool disposed shown in Fig. 9 roll prospect pit Hu114-1Jing brill and meet oil reservoir 22.5m/11,
9.8 tons of commercial oils of daily output are obtained, the identical rate of visible reservoir prediction is higher in wave impedance section, can reach 85%, demonstrates
The accuracy of geological knowledge, the present invention are reservoir prediction and correctly identify, portray depositional trap and established solid foundation.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of seismic layer labeling method, which comprises the following steps:
1) fruit poststack pure wave data and log data are processed into according to earthquake, established deep when well-shake of all wells in earthquake work area
Relationship carries out vertical horizon calibration, obtains each individual well for the vertical calibration result of seismic horizon of destination layer in earthquake work area；
2) explanation is tracked to the destination layer, obtains destination layer seismic interpretation result；Using attribute Sensitivity Analysis,
Determine the earthquake work area seismic properties sensitive to reservoir thickness；Using the destination layer seismic interpretation result as when window center,
According to the when window size of setting, the seismic properties of earthquake work area cross direction profiles are extracted along destination layer；When window center above and below
Sliding window extracts the seismic properties of the corresponding destination layer cross direction profiles of each sliding window；
3) cross analysis method is utilized, by the data of all seismic-sensitive attributes of extraction, with each individual well to the sand of destination layer position
Rock reservoir thickness carries out cross analysis, determines the phase between earthquake Sensitive Attributes and sandstone reservoir thickness according to the result of cross analysis
Relationship number, all related coefficients compared, window slippage is corrected describedly when corresponding with the maximum related coefficient of numerical value
The vertical calibration result in layer position is shaken, the final calibration result of seismic horizon is obtained；When window slippage is sliding window when described, relative to
When window center slippage.
2. seismic layer labeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that window size is according to destination layer when described
The intrinsic resolution ratio of the sandstone reservoir thickness and seismic data of position determines.
3. seismic layer labeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the attribute Sensitivity Analysis packet
It includes: according to the seismic processing achievement poststack pure wave data in the earthquake work area, geological layering data, well-log information and described each
Individual well carries out attribute sensibility analysis, so that it is determined that describedly in conjunction with earthquake forward modeling to the sandstone reservoir thickness of destination layer position
Work area is shaken to the seismic properties of sandstone reservoir thickness-sensitive.
4. seismic layer labeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seismic properties are seismic sequence
It is anti-.
5. seismic layer labeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be tracked solution to the destination layer
The step of releasing, obtaining destination layer seismic interpretation result includes: the geological layering data and the earthquake according to the earthquake work area
The reflection position that each individual well demarcates destination layer on seismic profile in the vertical calibration result in layer position, it is folded in seismic processing achievement
Afterwards on pure wave data volume, fine tracking is carried out to the layer position of destination layer in earthquake work area and is explained, to obtain destination layer earthquake solution
Release result.
6. seismic layer labeling method according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the sandstone reservoir thickness
It is to be determined according to the geological layering data and well-log information in the earthquake work area.
7. seismic layer labeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that according to standardization in step 1)
The seismic wavelet of log and extraction generates the synthetic seismogram of the shake all individual wells in work area, establishes in the earthquake work area
Depth relationship when well-shake of all individual wells.
8. seismic layer labeling method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that obtain the well logging of the standardization
The process of curve is the following steps are included: the features of logging curve response of the reference lamina according to earthquake work area is all to earthquake work area
The log of drilling well is standardized editing and processing.
9. seismic layer labeling method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the seismic wavelet is from seismic processing
It is extracted in achievement poststack pure wave data and the log of the standardization.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109188520A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-01-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir thickness prediction method and device |
| CN109932749A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well-seismic calibration method and device |
| CN112269212A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for determining seismic interpretation horizon of small logging layering |
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