CN117136136A - 动态层压窗玻璃 - Google Patents
动态层压窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117136136A CN117136136A CN202280025335.1A CN202280025335A CN117136136A CN 117136136 A CN117136136 A CN 117136136A CN 202280025335 A CN202280025335 A CN 202280025335A CN 117136136 A CN117136136 A CN 117136136A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- functional film
- film
- glass sheet
- face
- glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10798—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing silicone
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10908—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10908—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form
- B32B17/10917—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form between two pre-positioned glass layers
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种汽车曲面层压窗玻璃(1),其包括(i)具有外(P1)面和内(P2)面的第一玻璃片材(11),(ii)电动功能膜(13),(iii)具有外(P3)面和内(P4)面的第二玻璃片材(12),(iv)至少一种光学耦合材料(14),其是由液体树脂聚合或固化的聚合物的层并且提供在所述功能膜与至少第一(11)和/或第二(12)玻璃片材之间,根据本发明,曲面层压嵌装玻璃的第一玻璃片材(11)的外面(P1)和第二玻璃片材(12)的内面(P4)的总表面积的至少50%具有包括在75‑8500mm之间的最小曲率半径(R min)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车曲面层压窗玻璃,特别是旨在用作动态窗玻璃的层压窗玻璃。
背景技术
本发明主要旨在应用于汽车窗玻璃。本发明涉及包括功能膜的任何窗玻璃,特别是当所述窗玻璃在其制造或其使用期间受到限制,特别是在热处理和/或压力方面的限制时。例如,在建筑领域中,此类窗玻璃是动态窗玻璃,其可以随意变暗,特别是以电子方式,以保护免受太阳的热量和眩光。在建筑物领域,当天气晴朗时,智能窗可以随意变暗以便防止光线进入房间,或当天气多云时,智能窗可以变亮以便再次使光线或来自显示器的光线(在动态玻璃窗包括集成显示器的情况下)的进入最大化。然而,在建筑领域,窗玻璃通常是平坦的或具有弱曲率。
在汽车领域中,此类窗玻璃例如用作车辆的车顶、挡风玻璃、后窗和边窗。具体地,装有玻璃的车顶正在越来越多地取代形成车辆车身一部分的常规车顶。与建筑领域一样,选择这些车顶是由于建造商为其客户提供了这种选择的结果,这使得车辆看起来像是敞篷车一样向外部敞开,但没有敞篷车的缺点,因为这些车顶维持了常规轿车的舒适度。
另外,设计师和汽车制造商越来越多地要求边窗或后窗设有功能膜诸如可切换膜,以控制进入车辆内部的光水平达到热舒适度和/或隐私性和声学舒适度的目的。由于层压结构的存在,后者得到维持,实际上甚至得到改善。用夹层塑料片材层压是已知且常见的。然而,由于缺乏所需的平整度,具有功能膜的弯曲或钢化玻璃难以用于层间层压。
另外,汽车设计师正在寻找使用至少一种汽车窗玻璃作为显示器。因此,期望将显示器集成到窗玻璃中,并且更特别地集成到层压窗玻璃中。然而,将显示器层压到弯曲窗玻璃中是困难的。此外,可以将显示器与可切换膜组合以增加光对比度,同时保持热舒适度和/或隐私性。
汽车窗玻璃诸如车顶、挡风玻璃、后窗玻璃和边窗玻璃通常是弯曲的以适配汽车的设计。弯曲形状越来越复杂,曲率值很高。弯曲形状通常通过在层压窗玻璃上施加压力和/或加热来获得。根据本发明,弯曲方法是本领域技术人员通常知晓并且熟知的以使汽车和/或建筑层压窗玻璃弯曲的那些方法。
在现有技术中,在窗玻璃中使用液晶(LC)膜已经被设想为提供可控视觉隔离的方式。在这些应用中,主要功能是将基本上透明的窗玻璃转变成仅半透明的窗玻璃。这些应用未涉及特定的弯曲特性。
遗憾的是,液晶(LC)膜与旨在用作可切换窗玻璃的此类其他功能膜一样对压力限制敏感,因此它们用于复杂形状的窗玻璃中,诸如汽车的弯曲天窗、挡风玻璃的一部分、边窗玻璃、后窗玻璃。功能膜还可能对功能膜与层压在其中的窗玻璃之间的厚度变化敏感。因此,在装配工艺期间由不均匀压力驱使的黑斑可能出现在包括此种功能膜的弯曲层压窗玻璃中,导致缺乏美观性的玻璃窗,通常被汽车制造商和最终客户拒绝美观性。
还已知在与功能膜进行最终层压之前,使用至少一个较厚的玻璃片材(例如:5mm)或预层压两个薄玻璃片材(例如:2.1mm/夹层/2.1mm),因为用较薄的玻璃片材进行装配操作特别具有挑战性。遗憾的是,虽然这些技术使问题更容易解决,它们也会导致非标准和更重的产品结构,这对于大多数汽车制造商是不可接受的。本发明声称在不考虑此类技巧的情况下解决压敏功能膜集成的挑战。
因此,需要一种将功能膜并且更特别地压敏功能膜层压到曲面层压窗玻璃的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种具有可以集成到弯曲形状的窗玻璃中的功能膜的层压窗玻璃。
更特别地,本发明涉及一种汽车曲面层压窗玻璃,其至少包括:
a.具有外(P1)面和内(P2)面的第一玻璃片材,
b.电动功能膜,
c.具有外(P3)面和内(P4)面的第二玻璃片材,
d.至少一种光学耦合材料,其是由液体树脂聚合或固化的聚合物的层并且提供在所述功能膜与至少第一和/或第二玻璃片材之间。
根据本发明,曲面层压窗玻璃的第一玻璃片材(11)的外面(P1)和第二玻璃片材(12)的内面(P4)的总表面积的至少50%具有包括在75-8500mm之间的最小曲率半径(Rmin)。
根据本发明的一个实施例,光学耦合材料与功能膜接触以维持功能膜与至少第一和/或第二玻璃片材之间的距离。
根据本发明的一个实施例,由第一或第二玻璃片材与膜之间的光学耦合产生的距离包括在100μm与2mm之间。更准确地,光学耦合在内玻璃与膜之间可以具有约200μm的厚度,并且在外玻璃与膜之间具有约1mm的厚度。因此,可以管控玻璃与功能膜之间的线性热膨胀差异。
本发明还涉及一种包括压敏功能膜的汽车曲面层压窗玻璃。根据本发明,窗玻璃具有三维(3D)曲率。
根据本发明,功能膜并且特别是对压力敏感的功能膜,并且更特别地可切换膜诸如液晶膜可以用于层压窗玻璃,像用于汽车的弯曲车顶、边窗(窗玻璃)、挡风玻璃的一部分……
如今,汽车窗玻璃诸如天窗、挡风玻璃、侧窗(也称为“边窗玻璃”)在形状方面越来越复杂,涉及显著的曲率并且包括越来越多的功能膜,像可切换膜、显示器……为了使层压窗玻璃达到所需的形状,玻璃片材会被弯曲。然而,当在汽车领域中所使用的常用层压工艺期间施加时,功能膜通常对高压(0.04MPa-0.14MPa)和高温(超过90℃)敏感。
弯曲玻璃片材与对压力敏感的功能膜的经典的已知层压方法导致汽车制造商和客户不可接受的斑点和缺乏美观性的窗玻璃的存在。
本发明的目的是获得具有对压力敏感的功能膜、具有良好美观性的层压窗玻璃和制造此种窗玻璃的方法。
“对压力敏感”意指对用于将功能膜层压在第一与第二玻璃片材之间的压力敏感。压力通常包括在0.04与0.14MPa之间。
“光学耦合材料是由液体树脂聚合或固化的聚合物的层”意指光学透明粘合剂或光学透明树脂。液体树脂优选地选自丙烯酸类树脂、甲基丙烯酸酯树脂、尿烷树脂、硅酮树脂、聚酯树脂、环氧树脂和聚硫树脂或混合物之中。光学耦合透明粘合剂可以呈膜型粘合剂的形式,也称为光学耦合粘合剂或OCA。光学树脂在被施加之前处于粘性状态,并且然后其被称为液体光学耦合粘合剂或LOCA。使用光学透明树脂的优点是无论玻璃形状如何或即使膜上存在机械图案,其都可以覆盖整个膜周围。
“电动功能膜”意指例如电致变色装置,其中通过改变包含在这些窗玻璃中的组合物中的着色离子的状态来获得变化。所讨论的还有玻璃窗,其包括呈悬浮的颗粒层,这些颗粒层取决于电压的施加是有序的或无序的,诸如被称为悬浮颗粒装置(SPD)的体系;或者甚至聚合物分散的液晶(PDLC)膜,该膜由含有对施加电压敏感的液晶的聚合物组成。更特别地,“电动膜”是提供可控视觉隔离的液晶(LC)膜。在这些应用中,主要功能是将基本上透明的窗玻璃转变成仅半透明的窗玻璃。电动功能膜可以是显示膜,其被电动操作以示出待从其中装有窗玻璃的车辆的外部和/或内部看到的图片和/或视频。“电动功能膜”可以由OLED并且更特别地众所周知的AMOLED制成。根据本发明的窗玻璃可以包括一种可切换膜和OLED膜的组合。
根据本发明,术语“曲面”由以下标准定义:“曲面层压窗玻璃的总表面积的至少50%具有包括在75与8500mm之间的最小曲率半径(R min)”。因此,以标准汽车层压窗玻璃为例,存在四个主要玻璃表面,其通常编号为1(外表面)至4(内表面),也称为P1、P2、P3和P4(从车辆的外部至内部)。这些玻璃表面在装配之前优选地具有非常类似的形状。在本发明的范围内,在装配之后第一玻璃片材的外表面P1和第二玻璃片材的内表面P4的表面积的至少50%具有包括在75mm与8500mm之间的最小曲率半径。作为提醒,在表面的每个点处,可以计算无穷多个曲率半径(每个方向一个)。在这些半径之中,可以确定最小值“Rmin”和最大值“Rmax”值(以及它们的相关方向)。当然,从表面上的一个点至另一个点,“Rmin”和“Rmax”(及其相关方向)将发生变化。
根据本发明的一个实施例,在功能膜与第一和/或第二玻璃片材之间提供多个间隔件,所述间隔件被置于功能膜的表面的至少一部分上或与功能膜接触的第一和/或第二玻璃片材的表面的至少一部分上,以维持功能膜与至少外部和内部玻璃片材之间的距离,并且嵌入所述光学耦合材料中。
间隔件和光学耦合材料具有基本上相同的折射率。在优选实施例中,光学耦合材料与间隔件的折射率值之间的差值最大为15%并且优选地小于10%。根据本发明,间隔件被嵌入光学透明树脂中,使用光学透明树脂来将功能膜粘合至第一和第二玻璃片材。
根据本发明,提供在所述功能膜与至少第一和第二玻璃片材之间的光学耦合材料具有包括在1.38-1.5、优选1.4-1.45之间的折射率。则间隔件是透明的。
根据本发明的一个实施例,在间隔件的指定高度处,光学耦合材料和间隔件的透明度高于90%、优选95%、更优选99%。
因此,从车辆的车厢无法“看到”间隔件。
根据本发明的一个实施例,间隔件具有包括在0.3-0.7mm、优选0.35-0.6mm、更优选0.4-0.55mm之间的高度。因此,功能膜与玻璃片材的第一和/或第二片材的距离为0.3-0.7mm、优选0.35-0.6mm、更优选0.4-0.555mm。具有较短的间隔件将导致功能膜粘至第一和/或第二玻璃片材,然后装配将难以操作。相反地,如果间隔件的高度高于0.6mm,则总层压窗玻璃厚度将增加,这对于车辆,尤其是对于车辆的边窗玻璃是不可接受的。
在优选实施例中,间隔件被置于与第一和第二玻璃片材接触的功能膜的两侧上。
根据本发明的一个实施例,阳光控制膜/夹层可以被提供在第一外玻璃片材(P2)与包含或不包含间隔件的光学耦合材料之间。则间隔件不与玻璃片材表面直接接触。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所有间隔件彼此分隔包括在20至70mm之间并且优选30-60mm之间的间距P。低于20mm的间距P,间隔件的数量将过大,导致难以操作装配。另外,由于其数量大,这些间隔件将更容易看到。高于70mm的间距P,每个间隔件之间将存在更多的空间,导致功能的较多表面与第一和/或第二玻璃片材直接接触。那么,在处理时,将存在功能将粘附至玻璃的风险。
根据本发明的一个实施例,间隔件由硅酮制成。因此,在用光学耦合材料将功能膜粘结至第一和第二玻璃片材期间,可以将间隔件固定至功能膜和第一和/或第二玻璃片材。
还提供了一种制造包括对压力特别敏感的电动膜的汽车曲面层压窗玻璃的方法。
根据本发明的方法包括以下步骤:
a.提供具有内面和外面的第一玻璃片材,
b.在第一玻璃片材的内面上提供电动功能膜,
c.在功能膜的另一侧上提供第二玻璃片材
d.通过施加光学耦合材料来层压至少第一和/或第二玻璃片材和功能膜,该光学耦合材料是由液体树脂聚合或固化的聚合物的层,该光学材料被提供在第一和/或第二玻璃片材之间的表面的至少一部分上,
其中第一和第二玻璃片材具有这样的曲率,在窗玻璃被层压之后,窗玻璃的总表面积的至少50%具有包括在75与8500mm之间的最小曲率半径(R min)。
根据本发明的方法的一个实施例,在将功能膜提供在第一和/或第二玻璃片材的至少一个表面上之前,第一和/或第二玻璃片材在先前步骤中被弯曲。
根据本发明,术语“层压”是指提供层状结构的步骤,在该层状结构中,功能膜并且更特别地单独或与另一功能膜组合的可切换膜,以及一个或多个玻璃片材通过基本上延伸穿过功能膜与面向功能膜的玻璃之间的整个界面的粘合剂夹层分开。层压步骤可以是功能膜的流延层压或功能膜的辊式层压,或统称为液体树脂层压。流延方法包括空板成型、液体树脂填充和树脂固化。辊式层压方法包括液体树脂分布和树脂固化。根据本发明的窗玻璃包括功能膜并且更特别地可切换膜和/或显示膜并且更特别地对压力敏感的可切换膜和/或显示膜,其定位于第一与第二玻璃片材之间。将固化或部分固化的树脂层粘结至功能膜的外表面和面向功能膜的玻璃的内表面。然而,其他配置和设备的包括或省略也是可能的。术语“层压”和“树脂层压”应理解为包括在第一和/或第二玻璃片材与功能膜之间产生固体或半固体层。“液体树脂层压”包括流延层压和辊式层压。例如,使用液体树脂,诸如丙烯酸类体系或聚氨酯体系或环氧体系或聚酯体系或硅酮体系或聚硫化物,来填充功能膜与面向功能膜的玻璃之间的空间,并且固化以形成根据本发明的流延层压窗玻璃。固化树脂成为层压窗玻璃并且更特别地可切换窗玻璃中的夹层。辊式层压也可以产生层压窗玻璃。流延层压和辊式层压可以被统称为“液体树脂层压”。液体树脂可以通过重力填充、真空填充或压力填充在玻璃的层之间填充。
根据本发明的方法的一个实施例,沿着第一和/或第二玻璃片材的外围提供边缘密封材料。密封材料,除了其他特性之外,还起到界定光学耦合材料的作用。使用边缘密封件来密封窗玻璃以在第一与第二玻璃片材之间形成空腔。空腔填充有液体树脂(也称为液体光学耦合粘合剂或液体光学透明粘合剂LOCA)或由液体树脂(OCA)聚合的聚合物的层,也称为光学耦合粘合剂或光学透明粘合剂。例如,在各种实施例中,可以在使液体树脂固化之前将间隔件添加到固化树脂的层中,以均匀地维持功能膜与玻璃片材之间的距离,并且确保液体树脂可以容易地覆盖功能膜并且更特别地可切换膜的整个表面以及玻璃片材的面向功能膜的表面。可以在玻璃片材的外周上使用永久性胶带或密封件,使得边缘密封件可以覆盖玻璃片材的边缘以增强玻璃片材的这两个层之间的粘结。合适的边缘密封材料可以包括粘合胶带、液体粘合剂、或凝胶粘合剂。可以将粘合剂与图案化递送体系一起施加。固化树脂之后,可以允许粘合剂或其他密封剂材料留在窗玻璃中或被去除。
上述的详细描述主要是为了清楚理解而给出的,并且本领域的技术人员在阅读本披露内容后可以在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下进行修改,因此该详细描述不应被理解为不必要的限制。
附图说明
参考以下描述并结合附图可以更好地理解本发明。
图1是本发明的层压窗玻璃的一个实施例的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的汽车车顶的实例的示意图。
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的汽车车顶的放大示意图。
图4a至图5b是侧面层压窗玻璃的表面区域的示意图,其中测量了分布点。
具体实施方式
为简单起见,在说明书的延续部分中玻璃片材的编号是指通常用于窗玻璃的编号命名。因此,与车辆的外部环境接触的层压玻璃的面被称为面1,并且与内部介质(也就是说车辆的乘客舱)接触的表面被称为面4,根据本发明的功能组件定位于面2与3之间,在此处其可以被保护免于损坏。
为了避免任何疑问,术语“外部”和“内部”是指作为窗玻璃在车辆中安装期间该窗玻璃的取向。
如今,设计师和/或汽车制造商要求越来越多的具有电动膜的弯曲窗玻璃,诸如车顶、后窗玻璃。
遗憾的是,目前尚未提出将大型曲面玻璃窗与功能膜层压的解决方案,该功能膜诸如是对压力敏感的LC膜,例如应用于经典的和众所周知的层压汽车窗玻璃的LC膜。
因此,本发明提出了一种同时解决至少这两个问题的解决方案,即弯曲电动膜并且将其层压以形成准备固定至汽车的窗玻璃。
根据本发明的一个实例,图1示出了层压汽车车顶;车顶旨在固定在车辆的车身上。应理解,本发明不限于车顶,并且在本发明的另一优选实施例中不限于侧向(或侧面)车辆的窗(也称为“边窗玻璃”)。
作为本发明的实施例,如图1中所示的窗玻璃1包括具有外表面(P1)和内表面(P2)的第一外玻璃片材11,以及具有内表面(P3)和外表面(P4)的第一内玻璃片材12。此种窗玻璃1是层压的。窗玻璃1的外玻璃片材11是与车辆的外部接触的片材。内玻璃片材12是与车辆的内部空间接触的片材。
根据本发明,电动膜13被提供在外11与内12玻璃片材之间。根据本发明的一个实施例,电动膜13是对压力(诸如在包括高压釜弯曲窗玻璃的经典层压方法期间所施加的压力)敏感的膜。这种压力是包括0.04MPa和0.14MPa的压力。功能膜是例如已知对压力敏感的LC膜。应理解,功能膜可以是LC膜、OLED膜、PDLC膜、SPD膜或对压力敏感的其他功能膜,如先前所描述的。
根据本发明的本实施例,第一或第二玻璃片材11、12中的至少一个和功能膜13与光学耦合材料14、14’保持接触,光学耦合材料14、14’是由液体树脂聚合或固化的聚合物的层,以产生根据本发明的层压窗玻璃1。光学耦合材料14、14’用于在第一或第二玻璃片材中的至少一个之间的粘合和接触。在该实例中,光学耦合材料14、14’被提供用于内玻璃片材的第一表面(P3)与外玻璃片材的第二表面(P2)之间的接触。以下描述施加光学树脂14、14’的方式的一个实例。
根据本发明的一个实施例,光学透明树脂14具有约1.4-1.45的折射率。光学透明树脂14、14’可以是经典地用于制造LC显示器(LCD)的光学透明树脂。此种光学透明树脂是例如热固化型、高伸长率硅酮凝胶。光学透明树脂优选地在低于70℃的温度下在25至30分钟的时间段期间固化成柔软的粘性凝胶。该产品的柔软性质和缓冲效果为电子组件提供了免受外部潮湿、机械冲击和振动的优异保护。此种光学透明树脂是例如由迈图公司(company)提供的商业/>
根据本发明的一个实施例的光学透明树脂14、14’覆盖功能膜13的两侧的所有表面,以确保外11与内12玻璃片材之间的良好粘合和密封。根据本发明的一个实施例,将光学透明树脂14、14’注射在功能膜与第一和/或第二玻璃片材之间以及功能膜13的表面上。
根据本发明,光学耦合材料14可以呈由液体树脂聚合的聚合物的层的形式提供在功能膜的一侧上作为粘合剂膜,并且呈由液体树脂固化的聚合物的形式提供在相反侧上。
根据本发明的一个实施例,沿着玻璃的外周边缘施加密封材料17。密封材料17阻止光学耦合树脂14在填充过程中流出。密封材料17界定施加光学透明树脂14的区域。在本发明的优选实施例中,光学耦合树脂14覆盖功能膜13的所有表面,并且延伸以还覆盖其边缘至密封材料17。此种密封材料是例如由迈图公司供应的商业TN8000或由汉高公司(company)供应的MS9320或来自小西株式会社(/>company)的SL420HW。密封材料17可以由两种或更多种材料构成以增强对功能膜的保护使其免受外部损坏,诸如湿气。根据本发明,光学耦合材料(14)与功能膜(13)接触以维持功能膜(13)与至少第一(11)和/或第二(12)玻璃片材之间的距离(d),并且其中曲面层压窗玻璃的总表面积的至少50%具有包括在75-8500mm之间的最小曲率半径(R min)。
通常,在根据本发明的此类层压窗玻璃并且特别是车辆车顶、边窗的制备中,可取的是考虑构成元件经受住用于成型/弯曲和装配窗玻璃的处理的能力。实际上,功能膜(诸如尤其SPD膜或甚至PDLC膜、OLED膜诸如AMOLED膜)对压力升高是敏感的。高于0.04MPa,其是用于层压包括功能膜的层压窗玻璃的压力,对压力敏感的膜可能劣化。当功能膜经受长时间暴露于压力时,特别是大于0.03MPa、并且更特别是大于0.04MPa的压力时,功能膜(LC膜、PDLC膜、SPD膜、OLED等)可能被损坏(膜以及例如切换功能的劣化)。
如果从理论角度来看是正确的,那么在实践中评估夹层玻璃的“曲面”特性时,所提出的用来表征其的标准可能会有不同的解释。因此,提供以下实用方法作为参考:
1.选择待评估是否为“曲面”的玻璃表面。该表面可以是曲面层压窗玻璃的第一玻璃片材的外面(P1)或第二玻璃片材的内面(P4)。
2.将步骤1中所选择的表面缩小至有限数量的点“n total”。可以考虑点的任何分布,无论是否具有规则图案,但在任何情况下,整个表面都必须布满点,这样就不可能找到大于1cm2而没有任何点的表面。图4a和图4b示出所选择的表面41(本实例中的层压汽车边窗玻璃的P1或P4表面)上的点的有效分布。图5a和图5b示出所选择的表面51(本实例中的层压汽车边窗玻璃的P1或P4表面)上的点的无效分布,因为整个表面没有布满点(存在大于1cm2而无点的矩形区域)。
3.测量每个点处的Rmin值并且确定Rmin是否在[75-8500]mm范围内
-如果Rmin在[75-8500]mm范围内,则“n_criteria_ok”计数器增加一个1,
-如果Rmin在[75-8500]mm范围外,则“n_criteria_ko”计数器增加一个1。
在该操作结束时,“n_criteria_ok”和“n_criteria_ko”的总和将等于“n total”,其是所选择的表面上的点的总数量。
4.计算比率“n_criteria_ok”除以“n total”
-如果该比率至少是50%,则根据本发明的标准所选择的表面是“曲面”,
-否则,根据本发明的标准,所选择的表面不是“曲面”。
因此,当将功能膜结合到层压窗玻璃中并且定位在车辆上、特别是作为装有玻璃的车顶或边窗时,功能膜有利地必须具有良好的美观性和在可切换膜的情况下以开/关模式快速切换以及在集成式显示器(诸如OLED显示器)的情况下清晰的图像/信息/视频。
因此,本发明涉及任何层压窗玻璃,无论是否被钢化,其包括对压力敏感的功能膜,并且窗玻璃具有复杂的曲率以与汽车的设计适配。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供在功能膜与第一和/或第二玻璃片材之间的光学耦合材料是光学透明液体树脂。然后将光学透明树脂以粘性状态(液体树脂)施加在功能膜并且更特别地可切换膜(与另一功能膜像AMOLED显示器组合或不组合)的一侧的表面上。然后光学树脂与第二玻璃片材(意指玻璃片材的外表面P3)接触。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供在功能膜与第一和第二玻璃片材之间的光学耦合材料是光学透明液体树脂。然后将光学透明树脂以粘性状态(液体树脂)施加在与第一和第二玻璃片材接触的功能膜的两侧的表面上。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供在功能膜与第一和/或第二玻璃片材之间的光学耦合材料是光学透明液体树脂。然后将光学透明树脂以粘性状态施加在与第一或第二玻璃片材接触的功能膜的一侧与功能膜的另一侧(相反侧)的表面之间、上,该光学透明树脂是由呈膜形式的聚合液体树脂制成的光学耦合材料。因此,层是光学耦合粘合剂。
在优选实施例中,根据本发明的光学透明树脂并且更一般地光学耦合材料在功能膜上延伸以覆盖其边缘。在更优选的实施例中,光学耦合材料延伸至第一和第二玻璃片材的边缘。因此,保护功能膜免受湿气影响。光学透明树脂广泛地应用于显示器行业中。使用它们的优点是高透明度、低雾度以及较温和的温度和压力工艺条件,诸如应用于汽车层压工艺中的工艺条件。
根据本发明的一个实施例,光学耦合材料并且更特别地光学透明树脂是热固化型、高伸长率硅酮凝胶。其也可以是双组分类型。
根据本发明的一个实施例并且如图3中的实例所示的,在功能膜与第一和/或第二玻璃片材11、12之间提供多个间隔件16,所述间隔件被置于功能膜的表面的至少一部分上或与功能膜13接触的第一和第二玻璃片材11、12的表面的至少一部分上,以维持功能膜与至少外部和内部玻璃片材11、12之间的距离d并且嵌入所述光学透明树脂14中。
根据本发明的一个实施例,间隔件16彼此分隔的距离P包括在20至70mm之间并且优选30-60mm之间,并且具有等于距离d的高度h,该距离d包括在0.3-0.7mm、优选0.35-0.6mm、更优选0.4-0.55mm之间。因此,如果在层压工艺期间施加压力,则间隔件可以补偿。在本发明的实施例中,间隔件16具有圆柱形形状。间隔件优选地具有允许用光学耦合材料14均匀填充的形状。
根据本发明的一个实施例,间隔件16由单组分软硅酮橡胶制成。因此,当通过UV辐射活化时,间隔件在短时间内固化为维持功能膜13与玻璃外片材和内片材11、12之间的距离的中等硬度材料。
例如,间隔件16由来自迈图公司(Momentive )的商业组分Invisisil />制成。
根据本发明的一个实施例,间隔件16被提供在与外玻璃片材11的内表面P2和内玻璃片材12的内表面P3接触的功能膜13的表面的至少一部分上,并且然后通过注射将光学透明树脂14提供在功能膜13与外玻璃片材11和内玻璃片材12之间。然后将多个间隔件16嵌入并且固定到光学透明树脂14中。然后,光学透明树脂14填充功能膜13与外玻璃片材11和内玻璃片材12之间的空间。
根据本发明的一个实施例,在间隔件的指定高度处,光学透明树脂14和间隔件16的透明度高于90%、优选95%、更优选99%。因此,即使层压窗玻璃包括功能膜13、光学透明树脂14和间隔件16,层压窗玻璃也保持透明。
根据本发明的一个实施例,功能膜具有比第一和第二玻璃片材更小的尺寸。
根据本发明,功能膜13通过柔性连接器18供电。将功能膜13连接至电源的方式是众所周知的。
根据本发明,玻璃可以是钠钙硅、铝硅酸盐或硼硅酸盐类型等的玻璃。典型地,玻璃片材是浮法玻璃,具有0.5至12mm的厚度。在运输应用中,玻璃的厚度可以为1mm至8mm,而在工程应用中,玻璃的厚度可以更薄或更厚,例如除了1mm至8mm的厚度之外,厚度为0.5mm至1mm的超薄玻璃,或厚度为8mm至12mm的厚玻璃。
在优选实施例中,本发明涉及在包括在0.5至4mm之间的低厚度的两个曲面玻璃片材之间集成压敏功能膜。此类薄曲面玻璃片材的使用使得装配操作特别具有挑战性。事实上,由于它们的低厚度,这两个玻璃片材在装配步骤期间可能容易变形,并且因此,在功能膜上施加不均匀的压力,这最终导致在透射中可见的美学缺陷(例如:局部较暗的区域)。因此,由于本发明,可以在不考虑此类技巧的情况下解决压敏功能膜集成的挑战。
窗玻璃的组成对于本发明的目的而言不是至关重要的,前提是所述玻璃片材适于运输应用。玻璃可以是透明玻璃、超透明玻璃或着色玻璃,它根据期望的效果包括呈适当量的一种或多种组分/着色剂。着色玻璃包括灰色、绿色或蓝色浮法玻璃。在一些情况下,着色玻璃可以有利于提供最终窗玻璃的适当且期望的颜色。
根据本发明,层压窗玻璃可以提供有涂层以使热损失最小化。可以在面向乘客舱的窗玻璃的面上提供低-e层(低辐射层)。在层压窗玻璃的面的传统命名中,这是位置4。这些面的编号从暴露于外部大气的面开始进行。讨论中的这些层充当选择性地反射从乘客舱发射的远红外线的滤光器。
窗玻璃可以提供有能够改善热舒适度的任何涂层。窗玻璃可以提供有众所周知的减反射和/或抗指纹涂层。
根据本发明,窗玻璃是具有外玻璃片材的外面(P1)和内片材的内面(P4)的曲面层压窗玻璃,其总表面积的至少50%具有包括在75-8500mm之间的最小曲率半径(R min)。
按照应用所需的形状,玻璃片材在层压之前可以是完全或部分弯曲的以达到最终窗玻璃的所需曲率,以正确地适配玻璃支撑体的特定设计。
根据一个实施例,层压窗玻璃可以进一步包括第三玻璃片材。由于热塑性夹层,可以将层压窗玻璃1层压至另一玻璃片材。层压窗玻璃1还可以是多层窗玻璃的一部分。夹层典型地可以含有热塑性材料,例如,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚碳酸酯或它们的多个层,典型地总厚度为0.3至1.5mm。夹层可以含有着色剂,并且因此是着色夹层。
根据本发明的一个实施例,外玻璃片材11的第二表面P2通过另外的涂层或提供另外的膜而包括UV截留功能和/或IR截留功能。
在一些情况下,可能有用的是通过热处理对外玻璃片材进行机械加固以提高其对机械约束的抵抗力。对于具体应用,可能还需要在高温下弯折车辆窗玻璃。
本发明的窗玻璃可用于运输应用,其中在具有曲率的窗玻璃中提供对压力敏感的电动功能膜。
运输应用包括用于公路、空中、水中和水上运输的那些车辆,特别是汽车、公共汽车、火车、轮船、飞机、航天器、空间站和其他机动车辆。
本发明的窗玻璃因此可以是挡风玻璃、后窗、边窗、天窗、全景天窗或对汽车有用的任何其他窗,或用于任何其他运输设备的任何窗玻璃,其中清晰图像的显示可以是有用的。所显示的信息可以包括任何交通信息,诸如方向或交通密度;或任何车辆状态信息,诸如速度、温度等。
根据本发明的一个实施例,本发明还提出了一种制造层压窗玻璃的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
a.提供具有内面和外面的第一玻璃片材,
b.在第一玻璃片材的内面上提供电动功能膜,
c.在功能膜的另一侧上提供第二玻璃片材
d.在功能膜与第一和第二玻璃片材之间提供多个间隔件,
e.通过施加光学耦合材料来层压第一和第二玻璃片材以及功能膜,
f.其中所述间隔件被置于功能膜或与功能膜接触的第一和/或第二玻璃片材的表面的至少一部分上,以维持功能膜与至少第一和/或第二玻璃片材之间的距离d,并且嵌入所述光学耦合材料中。
根据制造具有功能膜的层压窗玻璃的方法的一个实施例,该方法包括以下步骤:
a.提供待电动供电的功能膜,
b.在功能膜的两侧的两个主表面上提供多个间隔件,
c.使至少第一玻璃片材弯曲,玻璃片材具有内面和外面,
d.在第一玻璃片材的内面上提供设有多个间隔件的功能膜,
e.将第二玻璃片材提供到功能膜的另一侧上,
f.在功能膜与第一或第二玻璃片材之间提供电气材料以对功能膜电动供电,
g.在功能膜与第一和第二玻璃片材之间施加光学耦合材料,多个间隔件被嵌入所述光学耦合材料中。
根据本发明的一个实施例,间隔件由UV固化硅酮制成。
这些间隔件可以通过具有间隔件的期望形状、厚度的掩模施加。掩模的设计还考虑了每个间隔件的位置和每个间隔件之间的距离(间距)。
然后由于UV固化使这些间隔件固化。将间隔件施加在面对第一和第二玻璃片材的内面的功能膜的两侧上。
根据本发明,在将功能膜提供到第一或第二玻璃片材的面上之前,沿着玻璃的外周边缘施加密封材料(阻尼)。密封材料阻止光学耦合树脂在填充过程中流出。密封材料界定施加光学透明树脂的区域。在本发明的优选实施例中,光学耦合树脂覆盖功能膜的所有表面,并且延伸以还覆盖其边缘至密封材料。
根据本发明,光学耦合材料是光学耦合树脂。可以将光学耦合材料注射在功能膜与第一和第二玻璃片材之间。
根据本发明,在将功能膜提供到第一或第二玻璃片材的面上之前,外周密封材料可以通过两个或若干个针的存在被局部中断。这些针可用于将光学耦合树脂注入窗玻璃中。针可以具有不同的形状或直径(优选地在0.5与2.5mm之间)。针可以插入沿着窗玻璃的外周的任何位置处。优选地,具有两个位于相对角落处的针(一个用作入口,另一个用作出口)的配置对于注射步骤来说似乎非常方便。应理解,可以根据窗玻璃的尺寸和几何形状来限定任何布置。在注射过程之后,可以移除针,但它们的存在可能以最终产品上外周密封不连续性的形式保持可见。这种不连续性的尺寸与针的直径直接相关。
根据本发明,根据众所周知的方法,在层压窗玻璃中提供对功能膜电动供电的装置。
根据本发明的另一实施例,将多个间隔件提供在与功能膜接触的第一和第二玻璃片材的面上。
Claims (15)
1.一种汽车曲面层压窗玻璃(1),其至少包括:
a.具有外(P1)面和内(P2)面的第一玻璃片材(11),
b.电动功能膜(13),
c.具有外(P3)面和内(P4)面的第二玻璃片材(12),
d.至少一种光学耦合材料(14,14’),其是由液体树脂聚合或固化的聚合物的层并且提供在所述功能膜与至少第一(11)和/或所述第二(12)玻璃片材之间,
其中所述曲面层压窗玻璃的所述第一玻璃片材(11)的所述外面(P1)和所述第二玻璃片材(12)的所述内面(P4)的总表面积的至少50%具有包括在75-8500mm之间的最小曲率半径(R min)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压窗玻璃(1),其中,所述光学耦合材料(14,14’)与所述功能膜(13)接触以维持所述功能膜(13)与至少所述第一(11)和/或所述第二(12)玻璃片材之间的距离(d),以及
3.根据权利要求1所述的层压窗玻璃(1),其中,所述电动功能膜是选自悬浮颗粒显示(SPD)膜、电致变色材料膜或热致变色材料或液晶(LC)膜之中的可切换膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的层压窗玻璃(1),其中,所述可切换膜(13)包含液晶(LC)材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的层压窗玻璃(1),其中,所述窗玻璃包括可切换膜和有源矩阵有机发光二极管的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的层压窗玻璃(1),其中,所述液体树脂是丙烯酸类树脂、尿烷树脂或硅酮树脂或聚酯树脂或环氧树脂或聚硫树脂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的层压窗玻璃(1),其中,所述液体树脂是可光固化、或可UV固化的或可温度固化的;或可化学固化的或可日光固化的树脂。
8.一种用于制备根据权利要求1所述的汽车曲面层压窗玻璃(1)的方法,所述方法包括:
a.提供具有外面和内面的第一玻璃(11)片材,
b.在所述第一玻璃片材(11)的所述内面(P2)上提供电动功能膜(13),
c.在所述功能膜(13)的另一侧上提供具有外面和内面的第二玻璃片材(12)
d.通过施加光学耦合材料(14)来层压至少所述第一和/或所述第二玻璃片材(11,12)和功能膜(13),所述光学耦合材料(14)是由液体树脂聚合或固化的聚合物的层,所述光学材料(14)被提供在所述第一和/或所述第二玻璃片材之间的表面的至少一部分上,
其中所述第一玻璃片材的所述外面和所述第二玻璃片材的所述内面具有在所述层压步骤之后所测量的曲率,在其总表面积的至少50%上的最小曲率半径(R min)包括在75-8500mm之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,如权利要求8所述的粘结步骤c)之前使所述第一和/或所述第二片材弯曲。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,将所述光学耦合材料(14)提供在所述外玻璃片材的所述内面(P2)上或在所述内玻璃片材的所述内面(P3)上。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述光学耦合材料(14)是由液体树脂聚合的聚合物的层。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,间隔件提供在所述第一和/或所述第二玻璃片材与所述功能膜之间,并且其中,间隔件被嵌入所述光学耦合材料(14)中。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,提供在所述功能膜的一侧上的所述光学耦合材料(14)是由液体树脂聚合的聚合物的层,并且在所述功能膜的相反侧上,所述光学耦合材料(14)是由液体树脂固化的聚合物的层。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述可切换膜包含液晶(LC)材料和/或OLED膜。
15.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述可切换膜包含悬浮颗粒显示(SPD)材料或电致变色材料或热致变色材料。
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