CN117124156B - Crankshaft grinding equipment with offset rotation center and crankshaft preparation process - Google Patents
Crankshaft grinding equipment with offset rotation center and crankshaft preparation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN117124156B CN117124156B CN202311275738.4A CN202311275738A CN117124156B CN 117124156 B CN117124156 B CN 117124156B CN 202311275738 A CN202311275738 A CN 202311275738A CN 117124156 B CN117124156 B CN 117124156B
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- chuck
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/22—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/35—Accessories
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field related to polishing machine tools, in particular to a rotation center offset type crankshaft grinding device and a crankshaft preparation process, wherein the rotation center offset type crankshaft grinding device comprises a base and a transverse seat arranged on the base, and further comprises: the first chuck and the second chuck are arranged on the transverse seat, the first chuck is connected with a power piece arranged on the transverse seat, and the second chuck is connected with an azimuth adjusting mechanism arranged on the transverse seat; the transverse plate is movably arranged on one side of the base and can move along the width direction of the base, an assembly plate is movably arranged on the transverse plate through a position switching mechanism, and a grinding wheel disc is arranged on the assembly plate; because the action that the grinding wheel disc is close to and far away from the main journal and the connecting rod journal is controlled by the centrifugal trigger mechanism, manual operation is not needed, and then, the safety in processing is effectively enhanced, and therefore, the crankshaft grinding equipment is arranged for popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to polishing machine tools, in particular to a crankshaft grinding device with an offset rotation center and a crankshaft preparation process.
Background
The crankshaft is the most important component in an engine. The engine is used for bearing the force transmitted by the connecting rod, converting the force into torque, outputting the torque through the crankshaft and driving other accessories on the engine to work.
In the working stroke of the crankshaft, the thrust transmitted by the connecting rod is firstly changed into rotary torque, and the vehicle is driven to run through the automobile transmission system; and then the crankshaft and the flywheel are utilized to drive the piston to move up and down through the connecting rod, so that auxiliary strokes of exhaust, air intake, compression and the like are completed, and preparation is made for the next working stroke. In this regard, any defect in the crankshaft can seriously affect the performance of the engine, and therefore, the surface requirements on the crankshaft are high, and during production, the polishing work on the main journal of the crankshaft and the connecting rod journal is very important.
At present, when a crankshaft is ground, because of the appearance characteristics of the crankshaft (the main journal is not coaxial with the connecting rod journal), great difficulty is brought to processing operation, workers need to continuously adjust the position of the grinding disc, the operation is troublesome, and the work has high danger due to frequent adjustment of the grinding disc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rotation center offset type crankshaft grinding device and a crankshaft preparation process, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the center of rotation offset formula bent axle grinding equipment includes the base and locates horizontal seat on the base still includes:
the first chuck and the second chuck are arranged on the transverse seat, the first chuck is connected with a power piece arranged on the transverse seat, and the second chuck is connected with an azimuth adjusting mechanism arranged on the transverse seat;
the transverse plate is movably arranged on one side of the base and can move along the width direction of the base, an assembly plate is movably arranged on the transverse plate through a position switching mechanism, and a grinding wheel disc for polishing a crankshaft is arranged on the assembly plate;
the vertical plate is fixedly arranged on the base, a centrifugal trigger mechanism is arranged on the vertical plate and connected with the power piece and matched with the transverse plate, and the rotating shaft of the abrasive disc is connected with the centrifugal trigger mechanism through a transmission mechanism.
As a further scheme of the invention: the power piece comprises a driving motor arranged on the transverse seat, a first rotating plate fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor and a sliding block arranged on the first rotating plate in a sliding manner;
the first chuck is mounted on the sliding block, and an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the centrifugal trigger mechanism.
As still further aspects of the invention: the bearing adjusting mechanism comprises a transverse moving plate which is arranged on the transverse seat in a sliding manner, the transverse moving plate is connected with a spacing adjusting assembly arranged on the transverse seat, and the second chuck is connected with an offset driving structure arranged on the transverse moving plate;
the interval adjusting assembly comprises a second screw rod rotatably installed in the transverse seat and a second threaded sleeve sleeved on the second screw rod, and the second threaded sleeve is fixed with the transverse moving plate and is in threaded connection with the second screw rod.
As still further aspects of the invention: the offset driving structure comprises a second rotating plate rotatably arranged on the side part of the transverse moving plate, a first screw rod rotatably arranged on the second rotating plate and a first threaded sleeve sleeved on the first screw rod and in threaded connection with the first screw rod;
the second rotating plate is provided with a guide block in a sliding mode, the guide block is fixedly connected with the first threaded sleeve, and the second chuck is installed on the first threaded sleeve.
As still further aspects of the invention: the centrifugal triggering mechanism comprises a driven shaft rotatably mounted on the vertical plate, the driven shaft is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor through a third transmission belt and is connected with the transmission mechanism, the driven shaft is arranged in an L shape, a first sleeve is slidably arranged on the driven shaft, and a sliding fit structure is arranged between the first sleeve and the transverse plate;
the driven shaft is further sleeved with a cylindrical spring, one end of the cylindrical spring is connected with the first sleeve, and the other end of the cylindrical spring is connected with a boss fixed on the driven shaft.
As still further aspects of the invention: the sliding fit structure comprises a connecting plate arranged on the vertical plate in a sliding manner and a second sleeve sleeved on the driven shaft in a sliding manner and rotationally connected with the connecting plate, a pull rod is arranged between the second sleeve and the first sleeve, and two ends of the pull rod are respectively hinged with the first sleeve and the second sleeve;
the base is internally provided with two guide plates in a sliding manner, the two guide plates are fixedly connected with the transverse plate, the connecting plate is far away from one end of the second sleeve, a cylinder is fixedly arranged at one end of the second sleeve, an inclined groove is arranged at the bottom of the transverse plate, and the cylinder stretches into the inclined groove and is in sliding connection with the transverse plate.
As still further aspects of the invention: the transmission mechanism comprises a sliding sleeve structure which is arranged on the transverse plate and is connected with the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel disc, and a movable connecting assembly which is used for connecting the sliding sleeve structure with the driven shaft;
the sliding sleeve structure comprises a transmission shaft rotatably arranged on the transverse plate and a transmission sleeve rotatably arranged on the assembly plate and in sliding sleeve with the transmission shaft, and the transmission sleeve is connected with the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel disc through a fourth transmission belt;
the outer wall of the transmission shaft is provided with two strip-shaped protrusions, the inner wall of the transmission sleeve is provided with two strip-shaped grooves matched with the strip-shaped protrusions, and the transmission shaft is connected with the movable connecting assembly.
As still further aspects of the invention: the movable connecting assembly comprises a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, the head ends of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are connected through a shaft piece in a rotating mode, the shaft piece is connected with the driven shaft through a first driving belt and is connected with the transmission shaft through a second driving belt, the tail end of the first connecting plate is connected with the driven shaft in a rotating mode, and the tail end of the second connecting plate is connected with the transmission shaft in a rotating mode.
As still further aspects of the invention: the position switching mechanism comprises a third screw rod rotatably mounted on the transverse plate and a transverse rod fixed on the transverse plate, wherein the third screw rod and the transverse rod penetrate through the assembly plate, and the assembly plate is in threaded connection with the third screw rod and is in sliding connection with the transverse rod.
The crankshaft preparation process adopts the crankshaft grinding equipment with offset rotation centers, and comprises the following steps:
forging 42CrMoH steel, heating a steel billet, and forming the steel billet into a preliminary profile shape by utilizing a hammering mode;
turning, milling and drilling the forged crankshaft;
polishing the main journal and the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft by using the rotation center offset type crankshaft grinding equipment to remove burrs and allowance on the surface;
and fourthly, performing size measurement, hardness detection and mechanical property test on the crankshaft.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the crankshaft grinding equipment with the offset rotation center is novel in design, when in actual use, the rotation center of a crankshaft is offset and adjusted through the mutual matching of the mechanisms and the components, the movement modes of a main journal and a connecting rod journal on the crankshaft can be changed, and the movement of the grinding wheel disc, which is close to and far away from the main journal and the connecting rod journal, is controlled by the centrifugal trigger mechanism, so that manual operation is not needed, and further, the safety during processing is effectively enhanced, and therefore, the crankshaft grinding equipment is arranged in popularization and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a center of rotation offset crankshaft grinding apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another angle configuration of an embodiment of a center of rotation offset crankshaft grinding apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a structure of an embodiment of a center-of-rotation offset type crank grinding apparatus at another angle.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at a in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the structure of the orientation adjustment mechanism in one embodiment of the center of rotation offset type crank grinding apparatus.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a centrifugal trigger mechanism and a transmission mechanism in one embodiment of a center of rotation offset crankshaft grinding apparatus.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a position switching mechanism in one embodiment of the center-of-rotation offset type crank grinding apparatus.
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. a transverse seat; 3. a transverse moving plate; 4. a first chuck; 5. a second chuck; 6. a first rotating plate; 601. a slide block; 7. a second rotating plate; 8. a first screw rod; 9. a first threaded sleeve; 10. a guide block; 11. a second screw rod; 12. a second threaded sleeve; 13. a riser; 14. a guide plate; 15. a cross plate; 1501. an inclined groove; 16. an assembly plate; 17. a grinding wheel disc; 18. a driving motor; 19. a third screw rod; 20. a cross bar; 21. a first belt; 22. a second belt; 23. a third belt; 24. a fourth belt; 25. a driven shaft; 2501. a boss; 26. a first sleeve; 27. a cylindrical spring; 28. a pull rod; 29. a second sleeve; 30. a yoke plate; 3001. a column; 31. a first connecting plate; 32. a second connecting plate; 33. a shaft member; 34. a transmission shaft; 35. a transmission sleeve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In addition, an element in the present disclosure may be referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element or being directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, in an embodiment of the present invention, a center of rotation offset type crank grinding apparatus includes a base 1, a transverse seat 2 disposed on the base 1, and further includes:
the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5 are arranged on the transverse seat 2, the first chuck 4 is connected with a power piece arranged on the transverse seat 2, and the second chuck 5 is connected with an azimuth adjusting mechanism arranged on the transverse seat 2;
it should be noted that, the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5 are common basic components of a machining machine in the prior art, and in this application, the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5 are respectively used for clamping and fixing two ends of a crankshaft;
the transverse plate 15 is movably arranged on one side of the base 1 and can move along the width direction of the base 1, the transverse plate 15 is movably provided with an assembly plate 16 through a position switching mechanism, and the assembly plate 16 is provided with a grinding wheel disc 17 for grinding a crankshaft;
the riser 13, fixed mounting is in on the base 1, just install centrifugal trigger mechanism on the riser 13, centrifugal trigger mechanism with the power spare is connected, and with diaphragm 15 cooperation, the axis of rotation of grinding wheel disc 17 pass through drive mechanism with centrifugal trigger mechanism connects.
Specifically, when clamping and fixing the crankshaft, the crankshaft to be processed is placed between the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5, one end of the crankshaft is firstly fixed through the first chuck 4, then the traversing driving mechanism is controlled to move, the second chuck 5 is driven by the traversing driving mechanism to move towards the first chuck 4 along the length direction of the transverse seat 2 until one end of the crankshaft far away from the first chuck 4 stretches into the second chuck 5, and finally the other end of the crankshaft is clamped by the second chuck 5;
secondly, in actual use, after the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5 are used for fixing and clamping a crankshaft, the power piece is started, the power piece drives the crankshaft between the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5 to rotate, meanwhile, the power piece drives the centrifugal trigger mechanism to move, the centrifugal trigger mechanism drives the grinding wheel disc 17 to rotate through the transmission mechanism, and correspondingly, the centrifugal trigger mechanism is matched with the transverse plate 15, so that the transverse plate 15 drives the grinding wheel disc 17 to move towards the crankshaft, and the main journal and the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft are polished;
in actual operation, because the main journal and the connecting rod journal are distributed at different positions on the crankshaft, the main journal may be polished first, when the connecting rod journal needs to be polished, the worker may control the azimuth adjusting mechanism, so that the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5 drive the crankshaft to move until the connecting rod journal is aligned with the rotation center of the power member, and when the power member moves, the position of the connecting rod journal is unchanged, and the rotation state is maintained, so that the grinding wheel disc 17 is convenient for polishing the connecting rod journal.
In summary, through the mutual cooperation between each mechanism and part, through the direction adjustment mechanism carries out the skew to the rotation center of bent axle and adjusts, can realize the change of main journal and connecting rod journal motion mode on the bent axle, and the action that grinding wheel disc 17 is close to and keeps away from main journal and connecting rod journal is controlled by centrifugal trigger mechanism, need not manual operation, and then, just effectively strengthened the security when processing, consequently, this bent axle grinding equipment locates to popularize and use.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6 again, the power unit includes a driving motor 18 mounted on the transverse base 2, a first rotating plate 6 fixedly mounted on an output shaft of the driving motor 18, and a sliding block 601 slidably disposed on the first rotating plate 6. The first chuck 4 is mounted on the slider 601, and an output shaft of the driving motor 18 is connected with the centrifugal trigger mechanism.
The azimuth adjusting mechanism comprises a transverse moving plate 3 which is arranged on the transverse seat 2 in a sliding manner, the transverse moving plate 3 is connected with a spacing adjusting assembly arranged on the transverse seat 2, and the second chuck 5 is connected with an offset driving structure arranged on the transverse moving plate 3;
the interval adjusting assembly comprises a second screw rod 11 rotatably installed in the transverse seat 2 and a second threaded sleeve 12 sleeved on the second screw rod 11, wherein the second threaded sleeve 12 is fixed with the transverse moving plate 3 and is in threaded connection with the second screw rod 11.
The offset driving structure comprises a second rotating plate 7 rotatably arranged on the side part of the transverse moving plate 3, a first screw rod 8 rotatably arranged on the second rotating plate 7, and a first threaded sleeve 9 sleeved on the first screw rod 8 and in threaded connection with the first screw rod 8. The second rotating plate 7 is provided with a guide block 10 in a sliding manner, the guide block 10 is fixedly connected with the first threaded sleeve 9, and the second chuck 5 is installed on the first threaded sleeve 9.
During actual operation, a worker can place a crankshaft to be processed between the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5, first, one end of the crankshaft is clamped by the first chuck 4, then, the second screw rod 11 is rotated, the second threaded sleeve 12 is in threaded fit with the second screw rod 11, then, the second threaded sleeve 12 drives the transverse moving plate 3 to slide along the length direction of the transverse seat 2, correspondingly, the second chuck 5 moves towards the first chuck 4 until one end of the crankshaft, far away from the driving motor 18, stretches into the second chuck 5, and then, the worker can clamp and fix the crankshaft through the second chuck 5.
When the polishing position is required to be switched from the main journal to the connecting rod journal, the worker can rotate the first screw rod 8, so that the guide block 10 plays a role in guiding, the first threaded sleeve 9 is in threaded fit with the first screw rod 8, the first threaded sleeve 9 can drive the second chuck 5 to move, the crankshaft between the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5 can move along the radial direction of the output shaft of the driving motor 18 until the connecting rod journal on the crankshaft corresponds to the output shaft of the driving motor 18, and the position of the connecting rod journal can remain unchanged and keep a rotating state after the driving motor 18 works, so that the grinding wheel disc 17 can conveniently perform polishing.
Referring to fig. 7 again, the centrifugal trigger mechanism includes a driven shaft 25 rotatably mounted on the vertical plate 13, the driven shaft 25 is connected to an output shaft of the driving motor 18 through a third driving belt 23, and is connected to the driving mechanism, and the driven shaft 25 is in an L-shaped configuration, and is provided with a first sleeve 26 in a sliding manner, and a sliding fit structure is provided between the first sleeve 26 and the transverse plate 15;
the outer periphery of the driven shaft 25 is also sleeved with a cylindrical spring 27, one end of the cylindrical spring 27 is connected with the first sleeve 26, and the other end is connected with a boss 2501 fixed on the driven shaft 25.
The sliding fit structure comprises a connecting plate 30 arranged on the vertical plate 13 in a sliding manner and a second sleeve 29 sleeved on the driven shaft 25 in a sliding manner and rotationally connected with the connecting plate 30, a pull rod 28 is arranged between the second sleeve 29 and the first sleeve 26, and two ends of the pull rod 28 are respectively hinged with the first sleeve 26 and the second sleeve 29;
the base 1 is provided with two guide plates 14 in a sliding manner, the two guide plates 14 are fixedly connected with the transverse plate 15, one end, far away from the second sleeve 29, of the connecting plate 30 is fixedly provided with a column 3001, the bottom of the transverse plate 15 is provided with an inclined groove 1501, and the column 3001 stretches into the inclined groove 1501 and is in sliding connection with the transverse plate 15.
When the driving motor 18 works, the output shaft of the driving motor drives the driven shaft 25 to rotate through the third driving belt 23, correspondingly, the first sleeve 26 slides towards the boss 2501 under the action of centrifugal force and causes the cylindrical spring 27 to be compressed, correspondingly, the first sleeve 26 pulls the second sleeve 29 away from the vertical plate 13 through the pull rod 28, the second sleeve 29 drives the post 3001 to move along the length direction of the transverse plate 15 through the connecting plate 30, the post 3001 is in sliding fit with the transverse plate 15 through the inclined groove 1501, the transverse plate 15 drives the guide plate 14 to slide towards the inside of the base 1, and then the grinding wheel disc 17 moves close to the main journal or the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft and contacts with the main journal or the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft, and at the moment, the driven shaft 25 drives the grinding wheel disc 17 to rotate through the driving mechanism.
Referring to fig. 4, 7 and 8 again, the transmission mechanism includes a sliding sleeve structure mounted on the transverse plate 15 and connected to the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel disc 17, and a movable connecting assembly for connecting the sliding sleeve structure and the driven shaft 25;
the sliding sleeve structure comprises a transmission shaft 34 rotatably mounted on the transverse plate 15 and a transmission sleeve 35 rotatably mounted on the assembly plate 16 and slidably sleeved with the transmission shaft 34, and the transmission sleeve 35 is connected with the rotation shaft of the grinding wheel disc 17 through a fourth transmission belt 24;
two strip-shaped protrusions are arranged on the outer wall of the transmission shaft 34, two strip-shaped grooves matched with the strip-shaped protrusions are arranged on the inner wall of the transmission sleeve 35, and the transmission shaft 34 is connected with the movable connecting assembly.
The movable connecting assembly comprises a first connecting plate 31 and a second connecting plate 32, the head ends of the first connecting plate 31 and the second connecting plate 32 are rotationally connected through a shaft piece 33, the shaft piece 33 is connected with the driven shaft 25 through a first driving belt 21 and is also connected with a transmission shaft 34 through a second driving belt 22, the tail end of the first connecting plate 31 is rotationally connected with the driven shaft 25, and the tail end of the second connecting plate 32 is rotationally connected with the transmission shaft 34.
When the output shaft of the driving motor 18 drives the driven shaft 25 to rotate through the third transmission belt 23, the driven shaft 25 drives the shaft member 33 to rotate through the first transmission belt 21, and the shaft member 33 drives the transmission shaft 34 to rotate through the second transmission belt 22;
furthermore, the transmission shaft 34 drives the transmission sleeve 35 to rotate through two strip-shaped protrusions on the outer wall of the transmission shaft and two strip-shaped grooves on the inner wall of the transmission sleeve 35, and then the transmission sleeve 35 drives the grinding wheel disc 17 to rotate through the fourth transmission belt 24, so that the grinding wheel disc 17 polishes main journals and connecting rod journals on a crankshaft;
when the cylinder 3001 is in sliding fit with the cross plate 15 through the inclined slot 1501 to urge the grinding wheel disc 17 to approach the grinding position on the crankshaft, the first connecting plate 31 and the second connecting plate 32 will relatively rotate, so as to ensure the normal maintenance of the transmission state between the driven shaft 25 and the grinding wheel disc 17.
The position switching mechanism comprises a third screw rod 19 rotatably mounted on the transverse plate 15 and a transverse rod 20 fixed on the transverse plate 15, the third screw rod 19 and the transverse rod 20 penetrate through the assembly plate 16, and the assembly plate 16 is in threaded connection with the third screw rod 19 and is in sliding connection with the transverse rod 20.
During the machining operation, each time when one main journal or connecting rod journal is polished, the driving motor 18 stops working, so that the driven shaft 25 stops rotating, the centrifugal force borne by the first sleeve 26 disappears, the cylindrical spring 27 rebounds, the first sleeve 26 drives the second sleeve 29 to move towards the vertical plate 13 to reset through the pull rod 28, correspondingly, the column 3001 is in sliding fit with the transverse plate 15 again, the transverse plate 15 drives the grinding wheel disc 17 to retract, no manual operation is needed, and the safety in the machining process is improved;
after the grinding wheel disc 17 is retracted, the worker may rotate the third screw rod 19, so that under the guiding action of the cross rod 20, the assembly plate 16 may be in threaded engagement with the third screw rod 19, and the assembly plate 16 may move along the length direction of the cross plate 15, so that the position of the grinding wheel disc 17 is changed and corresponds to different main journals and connecting rod journals.
As another embodiment of the present invention, a crankshaft manufacturing process is also provided, using the center of rotation offset type crankshaft grinding apparatus, comprising the steps of:
forging 42CrMoH steel, heating a steel billet, and forming the steel billet into a preliminary profile shape by utilizing a hammering mode;
turning, milling and drilling the forged crankshaft;
polishing the main journal and the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft by using the rotation center offset type crankshaft grinding equipment to remove burrs and allowance on the surface;
and fourthly, performing size measurement, hardness detection and mechanical property test on the crankshaft.
In the preparation process of the crankshaft, 42CrMoH steel is used as a base material of the crankshaft, the tensile strength (sigma b) of the crankshaft is more than or equal to 1080MPa, the conditional yield strength (sigma 0.2) is more than or equal to 930MPa, and the elongation (delta 5) is more than or equal to 12%. The high strength and excellent plasticity and toughness make it excellent in withstanding high loads and extreme environments, so that its excellent performance and versatility can provide effective guarantee for the performance of crankshafts. When the rotary center offset type crankshaft grinding equipment is specifically implemented, a crankshaft to be processed is placed between the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5, one end of the crankshaft is clamped by the first chuck 4, then the second screw rod 11 is rotated, the second threaded sleeve 12 is in threaded fit with the second screw rod 11, further, the second threaded sleeve 12 drives the transverse moving plate 3 to slide along the length direction of the transverse seat 2, correspondingly, the second chuck 5 moves towards the first chuck 4 until one end, away from the driving motor 18, of the crankshaft stretches into the second chuck 5, and then a worker can clamp and fix the crankshaft through the second chuck 5.
When the polishing position is required to be switched from the main journal to the connecting rod journal, a worker can rotate the first screw rod 8, so that the guide block 10 plays a role in guiding, the first threaded sleeve 9 is in threaded fit with the first screw rod 8, the first threaded sleeve 9 can drive the second chuck 5 to move, a crankshaft between the first chuck 4 and the second chuck 5 can move along the radial direction of the output shaft of the driving motor 18 until the connecting rod journal on the crankshaft corresponds to the output shaft of the driving motor 18, and after the driving motor 18 works, the position of the connecting rod journal can remain unchanged and keeps a rotating state, so that the grinding wheel disc 17 can conveniently perform polishing;
in the polishing process, when the output shaft of the driving motor 18 drives the driven shaft 25 to rotate through the third driving belt 23, the driven shaft 25 drives the shaft member 33 to rotate through the first driving belt 21, and the shaft member 33 drives the transmission shaft 34 to rotate through the second driving belt 22;
furthermore, the transmission shaft 34 drives the transmission sleeve 35 to rotate through two strip-shaped protrusions on the outer wall of the transmission sleeve and two strip-shaped grooves on the inner wall of the transmission sleeve 35, and then the transmission sleeve 35 drives the grinding wheel disc 17 to rotate through the fourth transmission belt 24, so that the grinding wheel disc 17 grinds the main journal and the connecting rod journal on the crankshaft, meanwhile, under the action of centrifugal force, the first sleeve 26 slides towards the boss 2501 and causes the cylindrical spring 27 to be compressed, accordingly, the first sleeve 26 pulls the second sleeve 29 to move away from the vertical plate 13 through the pull rod 28, and the second sleeve 29 drives the column 3001 to move along the length direction of the transverse plate 15 through the connecting plate 30, and the column 3001 is in sliding fit with the transverse plate 15 through the inclined groove 1501, so that the transverse plate 15 drives the guide plate 14 to slide towards the inside of the base 1, and the grinding wheel disc 17 moves towards the main journal or the connecting rod journal and contacts with the main journal or the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft;
after the grinding wheel disc 17 is retracted, the worker may rotate the third screw rod 19, so that under the guiding action of the cross rod 20, the assembly plate 16 may be in threaded engagement with the third screw rod 19, and the assembly plate 16 may move along the length direction of the cross plate 15, so that the position of the grinding wheel disc 17 is changed and corresponds to different main journals and connecting rod journals.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. The crankshaft grinding equipment with the offset rotation center comprises a base (1) and a transverse seat (2) arranged on the base (1); characterized by further comprising: the first chuck (4) and the second chuck (5) are arranged on the transverse seat (2), the first chuck (4) is connected with a power piece arranged on the transverse seat (2), and the second chuck (5) is connected with an azimuth adjusting mechanism arranged on the transverse seat (2); the transverse plate (15) is movably arranged on one side of the base (1) and can move along the width direction of the base (1), the transverse plate (15) is movably provided with an assembly plate (16) through a position switching mechanism, and a grinding wheel disc (17) for polishing a crankshaft is arranged on the assembly plate (16); the vertical plate (13) is fixedly arranged on the base (1), a centrifugal trigger mechanism is arranged on the vertical plate (13), the centrifugal trigger mechanism is connected with the power piece and matched with the transverse plate (15), and a rotating shaft of the grinding wheel disc (17) is connected with the centrifugal trigger mechanism through a transmission mechanism;
the power piece comprises a driving motor (18) arranged on the transverse seat (2), a first rotating plate (6) fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor (18) and a sliding block (601) arranged on the first rotating plate (6) in a sliding manner; wherein the first chuck (4) is arranged on the sliding block (601), and an output shaft of the driving motor (18) is connected with the centrifugal triggering mechanism;
the azimuth adjusting mechanism comprises a transverse moving plate (3) which is arranged on the transverse seat (2) in a sliding manner, the transverse moving plate (3) is connected with a spacing adjusting assembly arranged on the transverse seat (2), and the second chuck (5) is connected with an offset driving structure arranged on the transverse moving plate (3); the interval adjusting assembly comprises a second screw rod (11) rotatably installed in the transverse seat (2) and a second threaded sleeve (12) sleeved on the second screw rod (11), and the second threaded sleeve (12) is fixed with the transverse moving plate (3) and is in threaded connection with the second screw rod (11);
the centrifugal triggering mechanism comprises a driven shaft (25) rotatably mounted on the vertical plate (13), the driven shaft (25) is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor (18) through a third transmission belt (23), the driven shaft (25) is connected with the transmission mechanism, the driven shaft (25) is arranged in an L shape, a first sleeve (26) is slidably arranged on the driven shaft, and a sliding fit structure is arranged between the first sleeve (26) and the transverse plate (15); wherein, the periphery of the driven shaft (25) is also sleeved with a cylindrical spring (27), one end of the cylindrical spring (27) is connected with the first sleeve (26), and the other end is connected with a boss (2501) fixed on the driven shaft (25);
the position switching mechanism comprises a third screw rod (19) rotatably mounted on the transverse plate (15) and a transverse rod (20) fixed on the transverse plate (15), the third screw rod (19) and the transverse rod (20) penetrate through the assembly plate (16), and the assembly plate (16) is in threaded connection with the third screw rod (19) and is in sliding connection with the transverse rod (20).
2. The center of rotation offset type crank grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the offset driving structure includes a second rotating plate (7) rotatably mounted on a side portion of the traverse plate (3), a first screw (8) rotatably mounted on the second rotating plate (7), and a first screw sleeve (9) fitted over the first screw (8) and screw-coupled with the first screw (8); the second rotating plate (7) is provided with a guide block (10) in a sliding mode, the guide block (10) is fixedly connected with the first threaded sleeve (9), and the second chuck (5) is installed on the first threaded sleeve (9).
3. The center of rotation offset type crank grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the slip fit structure includes a yoke plate (30) slidably provided on the riser (13) and a second sleeve (29) slidably fitted over the driven shaft (25) and rotatably connected to the yoke plate (30), a tie rod (28) is provided between the second sleeve (29) and the first sleeve (26), and both ends of the tie rod (28) are hinged to the first sleeve (26) and the second sleeve (29), respectively; the base (1) is internally provided with two guide plates (14) in a sliding manner, the two guide plates (14) are fixedly connected with the transverse plate (15), one end of the connecting plate (30) away from the second sleeve (29) is fixedly provided with a column body (3001), the bottom of the transverse plate (15) is provided with an inclined groove (1501), and the column body (3001) stretches into the inclined groove (1501) and is in sliding connection with the transverse plate (15).
4. A center of rotation offset type crank grinding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said transmission mechanism includes a sliding fit structure mounted on said cross plate (15) and connected to a rotation shaft of said grinding wheel disc (17), and a movable connection assembly connecting said sliding fit structure with said driven shaft (25); the sliding sleeve structure comprises a transmission shaft (34) rotatably mounted on the transverse plate (15) and a transmission sleeve (35) rotatably mounted on the assembly plate (16) and in sliding sleeve with the transmission shaft (34), and the transmission sleeve (35) is connected with the rotating shaft of the grinding wheel disc (17) through a fourth transmission belt (24); the outer wall of the transmission shaft (34) is provided with two strip-shaped protrusions, the inner wall of the transmission sleeve (35) is provided with two strip-shaped grooves matched with the strip-shaped protrusions, and the transmission shaft (34) is connected with the movable connecting assembly.
5. The offset center of rotation type crank grinding apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the movable connection assembly includes a first connection plate (31) and a second connection plate (32) having a head end rotatably connected by a shaft member (33), the shaft member (33) is connected to the driven shaft (25) by a first transmission belt (21) and is further connected to the transmission shaft (34) by a second transmission belt (22), and a tail end of the first connection plate (31) is rotatably connected to the driven shaft (25), and a tail end of the second connection plate (32) is rotatably connected to the transmission shaft (34).
6. A process for manufacturing a crankshaft using the center of rotation offset type crankshaft grinding apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: forging 42CrMoH steel, heating a steel billet, and forming the steel billet into a preliminary profile shape by utilizing a hammering mode; turning, milling and drilling the forged crankshaft; polishing the main journal and the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft by using the rotation center offset type crankshaft grinding equipment to remove burrs and allowance on the surface; and fourthly, performing size measurement, hardness detection and mechanical property test on the crankshaft.
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| CN202311275738.4A CN117124156B (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Crankshaft grinding equipment with offset rotation center and crankshaft preparation process |
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| CN202311275738.4A CN117124156B (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Crankshaft grinding equipment with offset rotation center and crankshaft preparation process |
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| CN117532355B (en) * | 2024-01-08 | 2024-07-23 | 江苏鲸工智能装备制造有限公司 | Combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts |
| CN117718815B (en) * | 2024-02-08 | 2024-05-03 | 江苏威鹰机械有限公司 | Adjustable grinding device for machining motor shaft |
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