CN112975589A - Machining process for improving coaxiality of crankshaft journal - Google Patents
Machining process for improving coaxiality of crankshaft journal Download PDFInfo
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- CN112975589A CN112975589A CN202110272786.2A CN202110272786A CN112975589A CN 112975589 A CN112975589 A CN 112975589A CN 202110272786 A CN202110272786 A CN 202110272786A CN 112975589 A CN112975589 A CN 112975589A
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- crankshaft
- journal
- grinding machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/061—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically
- B24B41/062—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically between centres; Dogs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
- B24B5/421—Supports therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a processing technology for improving the coaxiality of a crankshaft journal, which belongs to the technical field of crankshaft processing and comprises the following processing steps: placing the crankshaft above a bed of a grinding machine; a plurality of center frames are arranged on a bed of the grinding machine, and each center frame supports a journal at a position corresponding to the crankshaft on the grinding machine; measuring the position of the axis of each journal of the crankshaft relative to the bed of the grinding machine, and enabling the positions of the axes of all the journals of the crankshaft to be consistent by adjusting the telescopic legs of the central frame; mounting a universal joint on the shaft end of the crankshaft, and connecting the universal joint with a chuck of a grinding machine; and starting the grinder to grind the shaft neck of each crankshaft to the designed size. In the process of grinding the crankshaft journal, the crankshaft is supported on the grinding machine only under the action of the center frame, so that the middle part of the crankshaft is not easy to droop under the action of gravity, and under the action of the change of the axis of the universal joint, the axis position error of the crankshaft journal and a grinding machine chuck is offset, and the coaxiality of the ground crankshaft journal is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of crankshaft machining, in particular to a machining process for improving the coaxiality of crankshaft journals.
Background
The crankshaft is one of the important parts in the internal combustion engine, and the coaxiality of the various shaft necks of the crankshaft determines the smoothness and stability of the internal combustion engine during operation. Currently, when grinding a crankshaft journal, two ejector pins of a grinding machine are used to support the crankshaft on a bed of the grinding machine, and then the grinding wheel is used to grind the journal of the crankshaft.
In the grinding process of large-sized crankshafts, only two ends of the crankshaft are stressed, and the middle part of the crankshaft can drop due to the action of gravity, so that large machining errors exist in grinding of crankshaft journals, and the coaxiality of the crankshaft journals cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the coaxiality of various journals for machining a large-scale crankshaft, the application provides a machining process for improving the coaxiality of the journals of the crankshaft.
The processing technology for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal adopts the following technical scheme:
a processing technology for improving the coaxiality of a crankshaft journal comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the crankshaft above the bed of the grinding machine;
s2, mounting a plurality of center frames on the bed of the grinding machine, wherein each center frame supports the journal at the corresponding position of the crankshaft on the grinding machine;
s3, measuring the position of the axis of each journal of the crankshaft relative to the lathe bed, and enabling the positions of all journal axes of the crankshaft relative to the lathe bed to be consistent by adjusting the telescopic legs of the center frame;
s4, mounting a universal joint on the shaft end of the crankshaft, and connecting one end of the universal joint, which is far away from the crankshaft, with a chuck of the grinding machine;
and S5, starting the grinding machine to grind the shaft neck of each crankshaft to a designed size, and enabling the telescopic leg of the center frame to move along with the reduction of the shaft neck of the crankshaft in the grinding process and keep abutting against the circumferential surface of the shaft neck of the crankshaft.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the process of grinding the crankshaft, the whole crankshaft is supported on the grinding machine by the central frames, and the central frames simultaneously support a plurality of parts of the crankshaft, so that the middle part of the crankshaft is not easy to droop due to the action of gravity in the grinding process; although the central frame is adopted for manufacturing, the axis of the crankshaft journal is inconsistent with the axis of the grinding machine chuck, the universal joint is connected between the grinding machine chuck and the crankshaft, the position error between the chuck and the crankshaft journal is offset under the action of adjustable self axis of the universal joint, the power transmission between the chuck and the crankshaft is realized, the chuck of the grinding machine can stably drive the crankshaft to rotate, and the axis of the crankshaft journal cannot be interfered; and in the grinding process, workers operate the center frame, so that the telescopic legs of the center frame move along with the reduction of the crankshaft journals and are kept in contact with the crankshaft journals, the axial position of each crankshaft journal after grinding is ensured to be unchanged, and the coaxiality of the crankshaft journals after grinding is improved.
Optionally, when the crankshaft is mounted on the bed of the grinding machine, the chuck and the tip of the grinding machine are matched with two shaft ends of the crankshaft, the crankshaft is initially supported on the bed, the center frame is mounted on the bed of the grinding machine, and the chuck and the tip are separated from the crankshaft after the center frame is mounted.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the crankshaft is matched with the chuck and the tip of the grinding machine, the crankshaft can be temporarily supported on the bed of the grinding machine, at the moment, the axis of the crankshaft journal can be approximately aligned with the axes of the chuck and the tip of the grinding machine, and the function of primarily positioning the axis position of each journal of the crankshaft is also realized, at the moment, the axis of each journal of the crankshaft only has slight deviation under the action of gravity, when the central frame is subsequently installed, the range of the crankshaft journal required to be adjusted is smaller, the operation for determining the axis of the crankshaft journal is facilitated, and the efficiency of preparation work before grinding is accelerated; and after the position of the crankshaft journal is determined, the deviation between the axis of the crankshaft journal and the axis of the grinding machine chuck is not overlarge, so that the universal joint is not greatly deformed, and the stability of the grinding machine chuck in the process of driving the crankshaft to rotate through the universal joint is improved.
Optionally, when the axial position of the crankshaft journal is measured, the dial indicator is fixed to a grinding carriage of the grinding machine, a probe of the dial indicator points to one side of the crankshaft journal, and then the grinding carriage is moved, so that the dial indicator performs a dial measurement on the crankshaft journal.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the grinding carriage of the grinding machine is consistent with the bed body of the grinding machine in the height direction, the relative position of the grinding carriage and the bed body is higher, the axial position of each crankshaft journal measured by the dial indicator is consistent with the bed body of the grinding machine, and the axial positions of the crankshaft journals are also proved to be in a superposed state, so that the measurement accuracy of the crankshaft journals and the coaxiality after the axial positions of the crankshaft journals are subsequently adjusted are ensured.
Optionally, the dial indicator is fixed on the grinding wheel frame by adopting a magnetic meter seat.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the magnetic base is fixed with the grinding carriage under self magnetic effect, and it is convenient to use, also conveniently adjusts the position of percentage table for the grinding machine lathe bed.
Optionally, in the process of grinding the crankshaft journal, the crankshaft journal is roughly ground until a machining allowance of 0.1-0.2mm is reserved, then the step S3 is repeated, and the crankshaft journal is finely ground to the designed size.
By adopting the technical scheme, after rough grinding, the axis of each journal of the crankshaft is measured and positioned again, the machining error generated in the rough grinding process is eliminated, the machining allowance required for grinding is smaller in accurate grinding, the grinding speed is higher, and the moving distance of the telescopic foot of each center frame is smaller, so that the machining error generated in the accurate grinding process is also extremely small, and the grinding precision of the crankshaft journal is further improved.
Alternatively, step S4 may be performed first, and then step S3 may be performed.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adjust the axis of crankshaft journal earlier, install the universal joint again, the easy axis position change that causes the crankshaft journal because of touching the bent axle at the in-process of installing the universal joint adopts the mode of installing the universal joint earlier, adjusting crankshaft journal axis again, can avoid this problem.
Optionally, the one end of universal joint sets firmly the fixed disk, the other end is equipped with coupling assembling, the fixed disk is connected with the grinding machine chuck cooperation, coupling assembling is used for can dismantling the universal joint and connect on the axle of bent axle is served.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the cooperation of fixed disk and grinding machine chuck is simple and convenient more, and under coupling assembling's effect, makes the loading and unloading work of universal joint and bent axle also comparatively simple, and the workman's of being convenient for operation construction improves work efficiency.
Optionally, the connecting assembly comprises a connecting sleeve and a plurality of fixing bolts arranged on the connecting sleeve, the connecting sleeve is sleeved on the shaft end of the crankshaft, the fixing bolts penetrate through the connecting sleeve and are in threaded connection with the connecting sleeve, and the fixing bolts penetrate through one end of the connecting sleeve and abut against the circumferential surface of the shaft end of the crankshaft.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the installation universal joint, establish the connecting sleeve cover on the axle head of bent axle earlier, then rotate fixing bolt, make each fixing bolt all on the circumference of butt to the bent axle head, through fixing bolt to the pressure of bent axle head, make the axle head of connecting sleeve and bent axle fixed together, need not to set up extra connecting hole or weld extra adapting unit on the axle head of bent axle, to the assembly precision that influences the bent axle head.
Optionally, one end of the fixing bolt penetrating into the connecting sleeve is abutted with a cushion block, the cushion block is connected in the connecting groove in a sliding mode, the side wall, far away from the fixing bolt, of the cushion block is arranged in an arc-shaped surface, and the arc-shaped surface of the cushion block is attached to the circumferential surface of the end of the crankshaft.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the cushion has increased the area of contact of fixing bolt and bent axle head, with fixing bolt's pressure homodisperse to the axle of bent axle on serving, increased the joint strength of connecting sleeve and bent axle head, also be difficult for causing wearing and tearing because of local pressure is great to the periphery of bent axle head.
Optionally, the connecting sleeve has a mounting groove at each joint of the cushion blocks, the cushion blocks are embedded in the mounting grooves to slide, and the inner side wall of the connecting sleeve is also attached to the circumferential surface of the crankshaft end.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the mounting groove cushion provides installation space, makes the cushion can slide in the connecting sleeve, can promote the cushion and rotate along with it at connecting sleeve pivoted in-process simultaneously through the lateral wall of mounting groove, realizes the moment of torsion transmission between connecting sleeve and the bent axle, and simple structure is practical, makes things convenient for manufacturing.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. in the process of grinding the crankshaft journal, a plurality of center frames are adopted to simultaneously support a plurality of journals of the crankshaft, so that the crankshaft is supported on the grinding machine only under the action of the center frames, the middle part of the crankshaft is not easy to droop due to the action of gravity, and the coaxiality of the ground crankshaft journals is improved;
2. the crankshaft is connected with the chuck of the grinding machine by the universal joint, so that the chuck of the grinding machine can drive the crankshaft to rotate through the universal joint and can offset the position error of the crankshaft journal and the axis of the chuck of the grinding machine under the action of the axis change of the universal joint;
3. the universal joint is connected with the shaft end of the crankshaft in a mode of connecting the sleeve, the fixing bolt and the cushion block, the connecting mode is simple and stable, abrasion to the shaft end of the crankshaft is not easy to cause, and subsequent assembly precision of the shaft end of the crankshaft is not influenced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cylindrical grinding machine of type MB 1320C.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a center frame on a grinding machine.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration in which the crankshaft is preliminarily positioned in step S1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure after the crankshaft is supported on the center frame in steps S2 and S3.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view showing a portion a in fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure when the crankshaft journal is measured using the dial gauge in step S3.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure after the universal joint has connected the crankshaft and the grinder chuck in step S4.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a construction relationship of the universal joint, the connecting assembly and the crankshaft end.
Fig. 9 is an exploded view showing the connection relationship of the universal joint, the connecting assembly and the crankshaft end.
Fig. 10 is a partial sectional view showing the structure of the connecting assembly.
Description of reference numerals: 1. grinding machine; 11. a bed body; 12. a head frame; 13. a tailstock; 14. a grinding carriage; 15. a chuck; 16. a tip; 17. a grinding wheel; 2. a center frame; 21. a base; 22. a telescopic leg; 23. a hand wheel; 3. a crankshaft; 4. a dial indicator; 41. a magnetic gauge stand; 5. a universal joint; 51. fixing the disc; 52. a connecting disc; 521. bolt holes; 6. a connecting assembly; 61. a connecting sleeve; 611. mounting grooves; 612. cushion blocks; 613. a strut; 62. a flange plate; 621. connecting holes; 63. fixing the bolt; 7. a connecting bolt; 71. and connecting a nut.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-8.
In grinding the crankshaft, a cylindrical grinding machine and a center frame provided on the grinding machine are generally used for machining, and in the embodiment, a cylindrical grinding machine with the model number of MB1320C is exemplified.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the cylindrical grinding machine 1 is composed of a machine body 11, a headstock 12, a tailstock 13 and a grinding wheel frame 14, wherein a chuck 15 for driving a crankshaft to rotate is arranged on the headstock 12, a centre 16 is arranged on the tailstock 13, and a grinding wheel 17 for grinding a crankshaft journal is arranged on the grinding wheel frame 14. A plurality of center frames 2 are mounted on a bed 11 of a grinding machine 1, each center frame 2 is composed of a base 21, two telescopic legs 22 and two hand wheels 23, the two hand wheels 23 correspond to the two telescopic legs 22 one by one, and the movement of the telescopic legs 22 can be controlled by rotating the hand wheels 23.
The embodiment of the application discloses a processing technology for improving the coaxiality of a crankshaft journal.
Example 1:
s1, mounting crankshaft
Referring to fig. 3, the crankshaft 3 is lifted and placed on the grinding machine 1, the two ends of the crankshaft 3 are respectively matched with a chuck 15 and a top 16 of the grinding machine 1, the crankshaft 3 is supported on the bed 11 of the grinding machine 1, and the height of the axis of the crankshaft 3 relative to the bed 11 of the grinding machine 1 is preliminarily determined.
S2 installation center frame 2
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, a plurality of center frames 2 are mounted on the bed 11 such that the center frames 2 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the crankshaft 3, and the number of the center frames 2 is selected according to the number of journals of the crankshaft 3 to be ground, for example, three center frames 2 are used for grinding a six-cylinder crankshaft 3, and four center frames 2 are used for grinding an eight-cylinder crankshaft 3. Then, the two hand wheels 23 on the center frame 2 are rotated to adjust the positions of the end parts of the two telescopic legs 22 of the center frame 2, so that the end parts of the two telescopic legs 22 are abutted to the corresponding shaft necks of the crankshaft 3. Under the action of the central frames 2, uniform supporting force is provided for the crankshaft 3, so that the phenomenon that the middle part of the crankshaft 3 droops due to the action of gravity is avoided.
S3, determining the axial height of the journal of the crankshaft 3
Because the position of the telescopic leg 22 is located by the position of the journal of the crankshaft 3 when the position of the telescopic leg 22 is adjusted, it cannot be guaranteed that each journal of the crankshaft 3 is in a coaxial state at the time, and therefore, the axial height of the journal of the crankshaft 3 needs to be located again, specifically:
s31, referring to fig. 4, the fastening of the chuck 15 to the crankshaft 3 is released, and then the headstock 12 and the tailstock 13 are moved away from the crankshaft 3 to separate the chuck 15 and the ejector pins from the crankshaft 3, in which case the entire crankshaft 3 is supported on the plurality of center frames 2.
S32, referring to fig. 6, the dial indicator 4 is fixed to the grinding carriage 14 by the magnetometer stand 41, the probe of the dial indicator 4 is directed to the journal of the crankshaft 3, the grinding carriage 14 is moved, the position of the journal axis of each crankshaft 3 is measured by the dial indicator 4, the position of the telescopic leg 22 on the center frame 2 is adjusted according to the measurement data, and the axes of the journals of all the crankshafts 3 are adjusted to the same height.
Since the position of the dial indicator 4 is uniform with respect to the height of the grinding machine 1, the height of the journal of each crankshaft 3 measured by the dial indicator 4 is also uniform with respect to the height of the grinding machine 1, so that the axial position of the crankshaft 3 is determined while all the journals of the crankshaft 3 are in a coaxial state.
S4 connecting crankshaft and grinder chuck
Although the journals of the crankshaft 3 measured and adjusted in step S3 are coaxial, the axes of the journals of the crankshaft 3 and the axes of the chuck 15 and the center 16 of the grinding machine 1 have a positional error, and if the two shaft ends of the crankshaft 3 are directly fitted to the chuck 15 and the center 16 again, the coaxiality of the journals of the crankshaft 3 is still affected.
Therefore, referring to fig. 7 and 8, a universal joint 5 is arranged at one end of the crankshaft 3, which is required to be connected with the chuck 15 of the grinding machine 1, a fixed plate 51 is welded at one end of the universal joint 5, and a connecting assembly 6 is arranged between the other end of the universal joint 5 and the crankshaft 3, the fixed plate 51 is used for being matched with the chuck 15 of the grinding machine 1, so that the chuck 15 can fix one end of the universal joint 5 through the fixed plate 51, and the connecting assembly 6 is used for detachably connecting the universal joint 5 with the shaft end of the.
The universal joint 5 is fixed on the shaft end of the crankshaft 3 through the connecting component 6, then the head frame 12 is moved, the fixed disc 51 is installed on the chuck 15, and the chuck 15 is connected with the crankshaft 3 under the action of the universal joint 5. Because the axial position of the universal joint 5 can be adjusted, the axial position error between the chuck 15 of the grinding machine 1 and the journal of the crankshaft 3 can be counteracted through the axial change of the universal joint 5, and the chuck 15 can also stably drive the crankshaft 3 to rotate through the universal joint 5. Further, the crankshaft 3 is stably supported on the bed 11 by the plurality of center frames 2, and the center 16 does not need to be used to engage with the crankshaft 3, so that the axis of the crankshaft 3 is not affected by the chuck 15 and the center 16.
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the connecting assembly 6 includes a connecting sleeve 61, a flange 62 and two fixing bolts 63; the connecting sleeve 61 is a cylinder with a hollow inner part and two open ends, the inner diameter of the connecting sleeve 61 is consistent with the diameter of the shaft end of the crankshaft 3, the flange plate 62 is fixedly arranged at one axial end of the connecting sleeve 61, and the circumferential edge of the flange plate 62 is provided with a plurality of connecting holes 621; one end of the universal joint 5, which is far away from the fixed disk 51, is welded with a connecting disk 52, the circumferential edge of the connecting disk 52 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes 521 corresponding to the connecting holes 621 on the flange plate 62, the connecting disk 52 abuts against the flange plate 62, all the connecting holes 621 are aligned with the bolt holes 521, each connecting hole 621 and each bolt hole 521 are internally provided with a connecting bolt 7, the connecting bolts 7 sequentially penetrate through the connecting holes 621 and the bolt holes 521 and then are connected with connecting nuts 71 in a threaded manner, and the connecting disk 52 and the flange plate 62 are fixedly connected through the connecting bolts 7 and the connecting nuts 71.
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, two mounting grooves 611 are formed in the inner side wall of the connecting sleeve 61, the mounting grooves 611 are formed along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve 61, and the mounting grooves 611 penetrate through the connecting sleeve 61. A cushion block 612 is arranged in each mounting groove 611, the cushion block 612 is embedded in the mounting groove 611, the side wall, close to the axis of the connecting sleeve 61, of the cushion block 612 is arranged in an arc shape, and the arc-shaped side wall of the cushion block 612 coincides with the inner side wall of the connecting sleeve 61. Two fixing bolts 63 are respectively located two opposite sides of the connecting sleeve 61, the fixing bolts 63 are arranged along the radial direction of the connecting sleeve 61, the two mounting grooves 611 correspond to the two fixing bolts 63 one by one, and one end of each fixing bolt 63 penetrates through the side wall of the connecting sleeve 61 and then extends into the mounting groove 611 to be abutted by the cushion block 612.
When the universal joint 5 is mounted on the crankshaft 3 by using the connecting assembly 6, the connecting sleeve 61 is firstly sleeved on the shaft end of the crankshaft 3, then the two cushion blocks 612 are placed into the mounting groove 611 from the opening at one side, so that the arc-shaped side walls of the cushion blocks 612 are abutted to the circumferential surface of the shaft end of the crankshaft 3, then the two fixing bolts 63 are rotated, so that the cushion blocks 612 are extruded by the fixing bolts 63 towards the shaft end side of the crankshaft 3, the function of connecting the connecting sleeve 61 and the crankshaft 3 is realized by the pressing force of the two cushion blocks 612 on the crankshaft 3, and the universal joint 5 and the crankshaft 3 are fixed together. When the chuck 15 rotates, the universal joint 5 drives the connecting sleeve 61 to rotate, the connecting sleeve 61 transmits the rotation torque to the two cushion blocks 612 through the side walls of the mounting groove 611, so that the cushion blocks 612 drive the crankshaft 3 to rotate, and the transmission of the rotation torque is realized. The arc-shaped side wall on the cushion block 612 also increases the contact area with the shaft end of the crankshaft 3, and the pressure of the fixing bolt 63 is evenly distributed on the circumferential surface of the crankshaft 3, so that local pressure is not easily generated on the crankshaft 3, and the shaft end of the crankshaft 3 is protected from being worn easily.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, two support rods 613 are further welded to the connecting sleeve 61, the two support rods 613 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the connecting sleeve 61, the support rods 613 are also arranged along the radial direction of the connecting sleeve 61, the cross section of each support rod 613 is circular, and the axis of each support rod 613 is perpendicular to the axis of the fixing bolt 63. When a worker moves the connecting assembly 6, the worker can respectively hold the two support rods 613 with two hands to apply acting force to the connecting sleeve 61, so that the worker can conveniently install and detach the connecting assembly 6.
S4 grinding crankshaft journal
And starting the grinding wheel 17, moving the grinding carriage 14, adjusting the position of the grinding wheel 17, so that the grinding wheel 17 sequentially grinds each crankshaft 3, and continuously cooling the grinding part by using the cutting fluid in the grinding process.
In the grinding process, the journal of the crankshaft 3 is gradually reduced, and a worker continuously rotates the two hand wheels 23 to enable the end parts of the telescopic legs 22 to move along with the reduction of the journal of the crankshaft 3 and keep being abutted to the circumferential surface of the journal of the crankshaft 3, so that when another journal is ground, the axis of the journal can be kept in a state of being overlapped with the axis of the ground journal, and the coaxiality of the ground journal of the crankshaft 3 is better.
The grinding process of the crankshaft 3 is divided into two steps:
s41, coarse grinding, namely grinding the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3 to be larger than the designed size of the shaft neck by 0.1-0.2mm, and reserving machining allowance with the thickness of 0.1-0.2mm on the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3;
and S42, fine grinding, repeating the step S3, and then grinding again until the designed size of the crankshaft 3 shaft neck is obtained.
When the crankshaft 3 journal is finely ground by determining the position of the axis of the crankshaft 3 journal again after rough grinding and adjusting, the grinding amount is small and the distance traveled by the extendable leg 22 of the center frame 2 is also small, so that the influence on the position of the axis of the crankshaft 3 journal is small, thereby further improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft 3 journal after fine grinding.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that step S4 is performed first, and then step S3 is performed.
If the step S3 is performed first and the step S4 is performed, the universal joint 5 inevitably comes into contact with the crankshaft 3 when being mounted in the step S4, which may cause the position of the crankshaft 3 to shift during the mounting process, thereby causing a change in the axial position of the journal of the crankshaft 3 and affecting the subsequent grinding process.
The universal joint 5 is connected between the chuck 15 and the crankshaft 3, and then the journal of the crankshaft 3 is measured and subjected to position adjustment, so that the influence on the position of the journal of the crankshaft 3 during universal mounting can be avoided, and the axes of all the journals of the crankshaft 3 are ensured to be coincident during grinding.
Example 3
Although the above manner is adopted to position the axis position of the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3, after the crankshaft 3 is placed on the central frame 2, the relative position between the axis of the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3 and the axis of the chuck 15 of the grinding machine 1 cannot be ensured, the phenomenon that the position deviation between the axis of the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3 and the axis of the chuck 15 of the grinding machine 1 is large easily occurs, the deformation of the universal joint 5 is overlarge, the torque stability transmitted to the crankshaft 3 by the universal joint 5 is poor, the phenomenon that the rotation of the crankshaft 3 is unstable easily occurs, and the grinding precision of the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3 is influenced.
In the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the mode that the chuck 15 and the center 16 of the grinding machine 1 are firstly used for preliminarily positioning the crankshaft 3 is adopted, so that after the crankshaft 3 is supported by the subsequent center frame 2, the deviation distance between the axis of the journal of the crankshaft 3 and the axis of the chuck 15 of the grinding machine 1 is smaller, the chuck 15 and the crankshaft 3 can be connected together by making the deformation of the universal joint 5 smaller, the moment of the chuck 15 is stably transmitted to the crankshaft 3, the rotation of the crankshaft 3 is more stable, and the grinding precision of the journal of the crankshaft 3 is better ensured. After the crankshaft 3 is preliminarily positioned by using the chuck 15 and the center 16 of the grinding machine 1, the positional deviation between the axes of the journals of the crankshaft 3 is small, so that the amount of movement of the telescopic legs 22 of the center frame 2 is small when the position of the journal of the crankshaft 3 is adjusted by the center frame 2, thereby improving the efficiency of the preparation work before the journal of the crankshaft 3 is ground.
The implementation principle of the processing technology for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal in the embodiment of the application is as follows: in the process of grinding the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3, the crankshaft 3 is supported at multiple points by only adopting the central frames 2, so that the central frames 2 do not droop due to the action of gravity, the shaft end of the crankshaft 3 is connected with the chuck 15 of the grinding machine 1 by using the universal joint 5, the chuck 15 of the grinding machine 1 can drive the crankshaft 3 to rotate through the universal joint 5, and the universal joint 5 offsets the axial position error between the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3 and the chuck 15 of the grinding machine 1 according to the change of the self axial line, so that the grinding precision of the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3 is improved, and the coaxiality of the shaft neck of the crankshaft 3 after grinding is higher.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A processing technology for improving the coaxiality of a crankshaft journal is characterized by comprising the following processing steps:
s1, placing the crankshaft (3) above the bed (11) of the grinding machine (1);
s2, mounting a plurality of center frames (2) on a bed (11) of the grinding machine (1), wherein each center frame (2) supports a journal at a corresponding position of a crankshaft (3) on the grinding machine (1);
s3, measuring the position of the axis of each journal of the crankshaft (3) relative to the bed (11), and enabling the positions of all journal axes of the crankshaft (3) relative to the bed (11) to be consistent by adjusting the telescopic feet (22) of the center frame (2);
s4, mounting a universal joint (5) at the shaft end of the crankshaft (3), and connecting one end, far away from the crankshaft (3), of the universal joint (5) with a chuck (15) of the grinding machine (1);
and S5, starting the grinding machine (1) to grind the shaft neck of each crankshaft (3) to the designed size, and enabling the telescopic leg (22) of the center frame (2) to move along with the reduction of the shaft neck of the crankshaft (3) in the grinding process and keep abutting against the circumferential surface of the shaft neck of the crankshaft (3).
2. The machining process for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: when the crankshaft (3) is installed on the machine body (11) of the grinding machine (1), a chuck (15) and a tip (16) of the grinding machine (1) are matched with two shaft ends of the crankshaft (3) firstly, the crankshaft (3) is preliminarily supported on the machine body (11), then a center frame (2) is installed on the machine body (11) of the grinding machine (1), and the chuck (15) and the tip (16) are separated from the crankshaft (3) after the center frame (2) is installed.
3. The machining process for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: when the axial position of the journal of the crankshaft (3) is measured, the dial indicator (4) is fixed on a grinding carriage (14) of the grinding machine (1), a probe of the dial indicator (4) points to the journal side of the crankshaft (3), and then the grinding carriage (14) is moved, so that the dial indicator (4) performs dial measurement on the journal of the crankshaft (3).
4. The machining process for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal as claimed in claim 3, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: the dial indicator (4) is fixed on the grinding wheel frame (14) by adopting a magnetic gauge stand (41).
5. The machining process for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: in the process of grinding the crankshaft (3) shaft neck, the crankshaft (3) shaft neck is firstly coarsely ground until a machining allowance of 0.1-0.2mm is reserved, then the step S3 is repeated, and the crankshaft (3) shaft neck is finely ground to the designed size.
6. The machining process for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: step S4 may be performed first, and then step S3 may be performed.
7. The process of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the one end of universal joint (5) sets firmly fixed disk (51), the other end is equipped with coupling assembling (6), fixed disk (51) are connected with the chuck (15) cooperation of grinding machine (1), coupling assembling (6) are used for can dismantling universal joint (5) and connect on the axle of bent axle (3) serves.
8. The machining process for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal as claimed in claim 7, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: coupling assembling (6) are establishing fixing bolt (63) on coupling sleeve (61) including coupling sleeve (61) and a plurality of, coupling sleeve (61) cover is established on the axle head of bent axle (3), fixing bolt (63) through connection sleeve (61) and its threaded connection, and fixing bolt (63) pass the one end of coupling sleeve (61) and the periphery butt of bent axle (3) axle head.
9. The machining process for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal as claimed in claim 8, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: fixing bolt (63) penetrate one end in connecting sleeve (61) and have been propped up there is cushion (612), along its radial slip can be done in connecting sleeve (61) in cushion (612), the lateral wall that fixing bolt (63) were kept away from in cushion (612) is the arcwall face setting, just the arcwall face of cushion (612) and the periphery laminating of bent axle (3) axle head.
10. The machining process for improving the coaxiality of the crankshaft journal as claimed in claim 9, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: mounting grooves (611) are formed in the joints of the cushion blocks (612) of the connecting sleeve (61), the cushion blocks (612) are embedded in the mounting grooves (611) to slide, and the inner side wall of the connecting sleeve (61) is attached to the circumferential surface of the shaft end of the crankshaft (3).
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| CN202110272786.2A CN112975589A (en) | 2021-03-13 | 2021-03-13 | Machining process for improving coaxiality of crankshaft journal |
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| CN202110272786.2A CN112975589A (en) | 2021-03-13 | 2021-03-13 | Machining process for improving coaxiality of crankshaft journal |
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| CN115816187A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-03-21 | 思柯瑞流体技术(苏州)有限公司 | Surface grinding device for manufacturing steam compressor |
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| CN113878419A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-01-04 | 益路恒丰衡水沥青科技有限公司 | Waveguide tube microwave transmission diagnosis and repair system and diagnosis and repair method thereof |
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| CN115816187A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-03-21 | 思柯瑞流体技术(苏州)有限公司 | Surface grinding device for manufacturing steam compressor |
| CN117124156A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-11-28 | 辽宁科创重型内燃机曲轴有限公司 | Crankshaft grinding equipment with offset rotation center and crankshaft preparation process |
| CN117124156B (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-02-09 | 辽宁科创重型内燃机曲轴有限公司 | Crankshaft grinding equipment with offset rotation center and crankshaft preparation process |
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Application publication date: 20210618 |