CN117122562A - 一种美芬那敏铵口服溶液 - Google Patents
一种美芬那敏铵口服溶液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117122562A CN117122562A CN202210558232.3A CN202210558232A CN117122562A CN 117122562 A CN117122562 A CN 117122562A CN 202210558232 A CN202210558232 A CN 202210558232A CN 117122562 A CN117122562 A CN 117122562A
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- Prior art keywords
- mefenamic
- ammonium
- oral
- solution
- ammonium solution
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种美芬那敏铵口服溶液,包括:氢溴酸右美沙芬0.01~0.1%(w/v)、马来酸氯苯那敏0.01~0.1%(w/v)、氯化铵0.1~1.0%(w/v)、pH缓冲剂0.01%~2%(w/v)、增稠剂0.05%~2%(w/v)、甜味剂0.01%~1%(w/v)、芳香剂0.01%~0.5%(w/v)、抑菌剂0.01%~1%(w/v)和水。本发明的美芬那敏铵口服溶液口感好,酸甜适中,几乎无苦味和咸味,提高了患者的适用性,满足了儿童,特别是婴儿和幼儿的临床需求。
Description
1、技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种安全的、口味良好、且质量稳定的美芬那敏铵口服溶液及其制备方法。
2、背景技术
美芬那敏铵糖浆,是由乐信药业有限公司(Advance Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd,中国香港)开发, 2015年1月14日首次获批在中国上市(进口),为三复方制剂,上市规格为1ml:氢溴酸右美沙芬0.9mg,马来酸氯苯那敏0.4mg与氯化铵6mg(包装规格60ml/瓶,120ml/瓶)。适应症为:主要用于消除或缓解因上呼吸道感染和过敏性反应引起的咳嗽、痰多而粘稠,或同时伴有鼻塞、流涕以及打喷嚏等症状。用法用量为:本品仅供小儿口服。2岁以下请遵照医生指示服用;2-6 岁,每次一茶匙(5ml),每日服2-3次;6-12岁,每次一茶匙半(7.5ml),每日服3-4次,或遵照医生指示服用。
该品种为儿童用药,目前国内上市的剂型为糖浆剂。根据中国药典2020年版制剂通则中糖浆剂的质量要求,糖浆剂中含蔗糖量应不低于45%(g/ml)。儿童用药中含有大量蔗糖,对儿童健康是不利的,因为蔗糖相比其他碳水化合物更容易导致龋齿。并且对于患有糖尿病或其他代谢性糖不耐受疾病的患者需要额外进行蔗糖监测。
专利CN202010327770.2公开了一种美芬那敏铵口服溶液,用丙二醇(10%~25%)来提高氢溴酸右美沙芬的溶解度,并替代甜味剂蔗糖和抑菌剂。虽然避免了氯化铵和蔗糖引起的稳定性问题(该专利所述)和龋齿风险,但是根据国际上公认的权威文献《药用辅料手册》 (化学工艺出版社.原著第4版,599-600.)中“丙二醇”的安全性描述“丙二醇大量摄取会引起中枢神经系统的不良反应,尤其是对新生儿和儿童,其兴奋效应约为乙醇的1/3。其他不良反应也偶有报道,包括耳毒性、心血管作用、癫痫发作、高渗透压、以及乳酸性酸中毒,尤其容易见于肾功能不全病人。大量服用丙二醇或投与新生儿、4岁以下幼儿、孕妇以及肾功能或肝功能不全病人使用极可能引起不良反应。”说明在儿童用药中大量使用丙二醇的安全性风险较大。并且经本发明人研究发现,口服药用丙二醇用量在10%以上口感上是一种苦、涩、甜、麻4种滋味混合的口味,先苦后涩再回甘,最后发麻,涩麻感明显强于甜度而且持久,有较强的刺激性,对于儿童患者并不友好。另外该专利中也使用了着色剂(即色素,本质为染料),在CDE(国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心)发布的《儿童用药(化学药品)药学开发指导原则(试行)》中明确指出“通常不建议在儿童药物中使用着色剂,特别是婴儿和幼儿使用的药物。儿童药物中不应使用含偶氮染料,并且应特别关注由天然着色剂引起的过敏风险。”说明着色剂在儿童用药中存在较大安全风险。
所以,如何提供一种稳定的、安全的、满足儿童用药需要的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,对于本领域技术人员来说是亟待解决的难点问题,也是本领域技术人员研究的热点问题。
3、发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术难题,提供了一种美芬那敏铵口服溶液及其制备方法,该口服溶液不含单双糖及糖醇、不含色素、不含醇类溶剂,降低了儿童龋齿、肝肾代谢负荷及胃肠道刺激的风险,提高了儿童用药的安全性,同时口感良好,并具有良好的稳定性,提高了患者的适用性,满足了儿童,特别是婴儿和幼儿的临床需求。
本发明提供了一种美芬那敏铵口服溶液,具体技术方案如下:
一种美芬那敏铵口服溶液,包括:氢溴酸右美沙芬0.01~0.1%(w/v)、马来酸氯苯那敏 0.01~0.1%(w/v)、氯化铵0.1~1.0%(w/v)、pH缓冲剂0.01%~2%(w/v)、增稠剂0.05%~2% (w/v)、甜味剂0.01%~1%(w/v)、芳香剂0.01%~0.5%(w/v)、抑菌剂0.01%~1%(w/v)和水。
本发明所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液通常为水性组合物。所述水性组合物优选指这样的组合物,其中溶剂至少90%(w/v)由水构成;所述水性组合物几乎不含醇类有机溶剂。“几乎不含”是指所述口服溶液会由芳香剂(香精)引入微量醇类溶剂(芳香剂的配方中醇类溶剂含量不超过99%),而芳香剂在所述口服溶液处方中的用量为“0.01%~0.5%(w/v),特别优选0.1%~0.3%(w/v)”,所以由芳香剂引入的醇类溶剂量将少于0.5%(w/v),特别优选少于 0.3%(w/v)。
本发明所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,不含有单糖、双糖和糖醇,应理解为没有添加单糖 (如葡萄糖、果糖等)、双糖(如蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖等)以及通过对单糖或双糖进行还原而得的糖醇(如山梨糖醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、甘露糖醇、赤藓糖醇等)。
本发明所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液pH值范围是5.0~6.0,优选5.3~5.8,特别优选5.5。
本发明所述的的美芬那敏铵口服溶液黏度范围是10~150mPa·s,优选30~100mPa·s,特别优选60mPa·s。所给·数值基于中国药典方法2020年版四部通则0633黏度测定法第三法旋转黏度计测定法使用旋转黏度计确定在20℃下的黏度。
本发明所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶的pH缓冲剂选自枸橼酸和枸橼酸盐、磷酸和磷酸盐、醋酸和醋酸盐、硼酸和硼酸盐、碳酸和碳酸盐中的一种或多种,优选枸橼酸和枸橼酸盐。pH缓冲剂的用量通常为0.01%~2%(w/v),优选0.1%~1%(w/v)。
本发明所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液的增稠剂选自羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)、羟乙纤维素 (HEC)、羟丙纤维素(HPC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羧甲纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、甲乙纤维素(MEC)、黄原胶中的一种或多种,优选羟丙甲纤维素、羟乙纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶,特别优选羟乙纤维素。增稠剂的用量通常为0.05%~2%(w/v),优选为0.1%~0.5% (w/v)。
本发明的美芬那敏铵口服溶液的甜味剂选自三氯蔗糖、糖精钠、乙酰舒泛钾(安赛蜜)、甜蜜素、阿司帕坦(阿斯巴甜)、阿力甜、甜菊糖苷、甘草甜、纽甜中的一种或多种;优选三氯蔗糖、阿司帕坦、乙酰舒泛钾、甜菊糖苷;特别优选三氯蔗糖。甜味剂的用量通常为0.01%~ 1%(w/v),优选0.05%~0.1%(w/v)。
本发明的美芬那敏铵口服溶液含有适当的芳香剂。芳香剂选自草莓香精、薄荷香精、香草香精、菠萝香精、樱桃香精、树莓香精、橙子香精、香蕉香精、水蜜桃香精、石榴香精、哈密瓜香精中的一种或多种,优选草莓香精、菠萝香精、水蜜桃香精、橙子香精,特别优选水蜜桃香精。芳香剂的用量通常为0.01%~0.5%(w/v),优选为0.05%~0.4%(w/v),特别优选为0.1%~0.3%(w/v)。
本发明的美芬那敏铵口服溶液含有适当的抑菌剂。优选地,根据本发明,抑菌剂种类不包含醇类溶剂(如乙醇、甘油、丙二醇等)和糖类(如蔗糖)。抑菌剂选自水溶性较好的苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钾,优选苯甲酸钠中的一种或多种。抑菌剂用量需根据处方中辅料种类及用量确定,通常为0.01%~1%(w/v),优选0.05%~0.3%(w/v),特别优选0.1% (w/v)。
本发明进一步提供了一种美芬那敏铵口服溶液在制备治疗止咳祛痰药物中的应用。
本发明的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,具有以下有益的效果:
(1)处方中无糖,不包含单糖、双糖及糖醇、不含色素、基本上不含醇类溶剂,降低了儿童龋齿、肝肾代谢负荷及胃肠道刺激的风险,提高了儿童用药的安全性;
(2)本发明的美芬那敏铵口服溶液口感好,酸甜适中,几乎无苦味和咸味,提高了患者的适用性,满足了儿童,特别是婴儿和幼儿的临床需求;
(3)本发明的美芬那敏铵口服溶液具有良好的稳定性,样品质量稳定,制备的样品在高温60℃、40℃考察30天,与0天相比,样品性状、澄清度与颜色无变化,有关物质无明显增长,均符合质量标准要求。
4、附图说明
图1为实施例2样品高温60℃留样30天与高温40℃留样30天的性状、澄清度与颜色结果:由左到右依次是水、样品0天、60℃10天、60℃30天、40℃10天、40℃30天。
图2为市售样品。
5、具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施方式,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1丙二醇口感试验
按浓度梯度(10%、15%、20%、25%)分别配制丙二醇水溶液各一份,选择10人对其进行口感研究。
试验方法:
(1)挑选10人,男女各5人,年龄在25-40岁,身体健康,嗅觉和味觉比较灵敏,且有较高辨识度。
(2)感官评定1小时没有吃辛辣刺激影响口感辨识和灵敏度的食物或者药物,一般选择饭后1小时之后进行。
(3)每次品尝前用温水漱口,且2次品尝之间间隔20min以上,以保证上次品尝之后对味觉的影响消除,不会对下次品尝造评定成影响。
(4)每次品尝样品量为2.5ml,采用洁净的药用聚丙烯量杯量取。
评定标准:
以“苦味、涩味、甜味、麻感、涩麻感持续时间”5个项目为指标。“苦味、涩味、甜味、麻感”4个指标强度分为“A略有、B轻微、C较强、D强”四个级别,“涩麻感持续时间”按实际计时,最终取平均值。
实验结果如下表所示:
表1丙二醇的用量对口感的影响试验结果
以上结果表明:丙二醇水溶液中丙二醇用量越大,品尝后不适感越强,持续时间越长。所以在口服溶液中应慎用或少用丙二醇进行矫味或提升口感舒适度。
实施例2羟乙纤维素用量及口感研究
羟乙纤维素用量筛选处方见下表2.1。
表2.1羟乙纤维素用量筛选处方
按常规口服溶液配制方法配制,得到美芬那敏铵口服溶液,灌装于棕色聚酯瓶中,并配套儿童安全盖。
将处方1-处方6进行口感研究。
试验方法:同实施例1试验方法。
评定标准:以愉悦程度由低到高的顺序,10分为最高评分,取平均值。
具体详见下表:
表2.2口感评分标准
实验结果:详见表2.3。
表2.3不同黏度的美芬那敏铵口服溶液口感结果
以上结果表明:不加增稠剂时溶液口感不佳,加入增稠剂羟乙纤维素时,黏度在10~ 150mPa·s的溶液口感较好,特别当黏度在60mPa·s左右时,口感最好。
实施例3黄原胶用量及口感研究
黄原胶用量筛选处方见下表3.1。
表3.1黄原胶用量筛选处方
按常规口服溶液配制方法配制,得到美芬那敏铵口服溶液,灌装于棕色聚酯瓶中,并配套儿童安全盖。
将处方7-处方12进行口感研究。
试验方法:同实施例1试验方法。
评定标准:同实施例2评定标准。
实验结果:详见表3.2。
表3.2不同黏度的美芬那敏铵口服溶液口感结果
以上结果表明:不加增稠剂时溶液口感不佳,加入黄原胶时,黏度在10~150mPa·s的溶液口感较好,特别当黏度在60mPa·s左右时,口感最好。
实施例4羟丙甲纤维素用量及口感研究
羟丙甲纤维素用量筛选处方见下表4.1。
表4.1羟丙甲纤维素用量筛选处方
按常规口服溶液配制方法配制,得到美芬那敏铵口服溶液,灌装于棕色聚酯瓶中,并配套儿童安全盖。
将处方13-处方18进行口感研究。
试验方法:同实施例1试验方法。
评定标准:同实施例2评定标准。
实验结果:详见表4.2。
表4.2不同黏度的美芬那敏铵口服溶液口感结果
以上结果表明:不加增稠剂时溶液口感不佳,加入羟丙甲纤维素时,黏度在10~150mPa·s 的溶液口感较好,特别当黏度在60mPa·s左右时,口感最好。
实施例5羧甲基纤维素钠用量及口感研究
羧甲基纤维素钠用量筛选处方见下表5.1。
表5.1羧甲基纤维素钠用量筛选处方
按常规口服溶液配制方法配制,得到美芬那敏铵口服溶液,灌装于棕色聚酯瓶中,并配套儿童安全盖。
将处方19-处方24进行口感研究。
试验方法:同实施例1试验方法。
评定标准:同实施例2评定标准。
实验结果:详见表5.2。
表5.2不同黏度的美芬那敏铵口服溶液口感结果
以上结果表明:不加增稠剂时溶液口感不佳,加入羧甲基纤维素钠时,黏度在10~150mPa·s的溶液口感较好,特别当黏度在60mPa·s左右时,口感最好。
实施例6美芬那敏铵口服溶液抑菌效力试验
参照实施例2制备一批样品(批号22032901,pH5.5,黏度58mPa·s),参照中国药典2020年版四部通则1121抑菌效力检查法,和市售美芬那敏铵糖浆进行抑菌效力对比研究。
样品处方及试验结果如下:
表6.1样品处方
物料名称 | 用量g |
氢溴酸右美沙芬 | 0.09 |
马来酸氯苯那敏 | 0.04 |
氯化铵 | 0.6 |
枸橼酸 | 0.1 |
枸橼酸钠 | 0.6 |
羟乙纤维素 | 0.3 |
三氯蔗糖 | 0.2 |
水蜜桃香精 | 0.2 |
苯甲酸钠 | 0.1 |
水 | 加至100ml |
表6.2抑菌效力试验结果
备注:Δlg14d、Δlg28d表示第14/28天时相对于0天的细菌或真菌降低的lg数,要求细菌和真菌的Δlg14d 应分别大于3和1,第28天相对于第14天不增加,即NI=(Δlg28d-Δlg14d)≥-0.5。
以上结果表明:实施例2样品和市售品,对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和黑曲霉菌的抑菌效力结果均符合药典规定,且两者无差异。
实施例7美芬那敏铵口服溶液的稳定性研究
将实施例6制备的样品(批号22032901)进行稳定性试验(高温60℃、40℃考察30天),考察性状、澄清度与颜色、有关物质的变化情况。结果见表7.1和图1。
表7.1高温60℃、40℃稳定性实验结果
以上结果表明:实施例6制备的样品在高温60℃、40℃考察30天,与0天相比,样品性状、澄清度与颜色无变化,有关物质无明显增长,均符合质量标准要求。说明实施例6制备的样品质量稳定。
Claims (9)
1.一种美芬那敏铵口服溶液,其特征在于,包括:氢溴酸右美沙芬0.01~0.1%(w/v)、马来酸氯苯那敏0.01~0.1%(w/v)、氯化铵0.1~1.0%(w/v)、pH缓冲剂0.01%~2%(w/v)、增稠剂0.05%~2%(w/v)、甜味剂0.01%~1%(w/v)、芳香剂0.01%~0.5%(w/v)、抑菌剂0.01%~1%(w/v)和水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,其特征在于,所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液几乎不含醇类有机溶剂,由芳香剂引入的醇类溶剂的量少于0.5%(w/v)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,其特征在于,所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液几乎不含醇类有机溶剂,由芳香剂引入的醇类溶剂的量少于0.3%(w/v)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,其特征在于,所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液不含有单糖、双糖和糖醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,其特征在于,所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液pH值范围是5.0~6.0。
6.根据权利要求1所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,其特征在于,所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液黏度范围是10~150mPa·s。
7.根据权利要求1所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,其特征在于,所述的增稠剂选自羟丙甲纤维素、羟乙纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液,其特征在于,所述的增稠剂为羟乙纤维素。
9.根据权利要求1~8所述的美芬那敏铵口服溶液在制备治疗止咳祛痰药物中的应用。
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