CN117105677A - 一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- HJIYJLZFNBHCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[C] Chemical compound [V].[C] HJIYJLZFNBHCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000502 Li-aluminosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 vanadia Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种匣钵，具体涉及一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵及其制备方法。所述蚀匣钵采用如下原料制备形成：基体60wt％‑95wt％，掺杂剂1wt％‑10wt％，粘土1wt％‑10wt％，粘结剂0.1wt％‑5wt％，水20wt％‑40wt％。其中，所述掺杂剂包括氧化锆、氧化钒和碳粉。本发明通过在现有匣钵材料的基础上添加由氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉组成的掺杂剂，氧化锆、氧化钒和碳粉能够反应形成具有耐高温耐腐蚀等优点的锆碳化合物、钒碳化合物，形成的锆碳化合物、钒碳化合物均匀分散在基体材料中并与基体材料紧密结合，使制得的匣钵具有优良耐高温耐碱腐蚀性能且在高温下保持较好的强度，在高温下能够有效防止锂电池正极材料与基体材料反应，防止匣钵被侵蚀，使得匣钵能够使用25次以上，大大提高匣钵的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种匣钵，特别是涉及一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，钴酸锂和三元锂电池是国内目前广泛使用锂电池的正极材料，而大部分的正极材料的生产都是在耐火窑炉中以高温固相合成法制成，在合成过程中，承烧用的匣钵材料一般为堇青石、莫来石、石英和刚玉质为主。该类型匣钵是以堇青石、莫来石、石英、刚玉为基体原料，加入部分粘土及微粉作为结合剂，在高吨位压机下压制成型，经过常温养护后，再入耐火窑进行高温烧制成制得产品。并且，国内外匣钵消耗的平均指标是每吨正极材料消耗200-300公斤，用量非常大。
匣钵经过冷热重复使用，绝大部分的匣钵使用次数不会超过20次，一般也就在15次左右就会报废。造成这种情况的原因有两个：一是匣钵在高温窑炉中循环使用；二是高温下正极材料对匣钵的侵蚀所造成的剥落。在实际生产中，往往是这两个因素的综合影响造成匣钵的使用寿命不高。锂电池的正极材料先对匣钵腐蚀，尤其是高温下的锂氧化物具有非常高的活性，会跟匣钵中的耐火材料反应，高温下生成类似玻璃态的液相，这些液相成分在黏度的变化下不断的冲蚀匣钵的固相表面，而匣钵表面的气孔也会为这些腐蚀物提供通道，随着时间的积累，类似玻璃态的碱金属氧化物不断地往匣钵深处渗透，这个通道越来越深，侵蚀产生的杂质越来越多，生成硅酸锂、硅铝酸锂等低熔矿相，再加上匣钵在窑炉内的进进出出，杂质矿相的膨胀系数跟匣钵有较大差异，冷热交替从而造成匣钵表面的剥落、开裂等现象，从而影响了匣钵的使用寿命。碳化物具有众多优良的性能，如碳化硅具有耐高温耐腐蚀且非常坚固的特点，目前常常在匣钵基体材料中加入碳化硅赋予匣钵良好的抗侵蚀性能，但碳化硅反应过程较为苛刻，其碳化的反应温度需要3000℃。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对背景技术存在的技术问题，提供一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵及其制备方法。
本发明提出一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，所述匣钵采用如下原料制备形成：基体60wt％-95wt％，掺杂剂1wt％-10wt％，粘土1wt％-10wt％，粘结剂0.1wt％-5wt％，水20wt％-40wt％；其中，所述掺杂剂包括氧化锆、氧化钒和碳粉。
本发明通过在现有匣钵材料的基础上添加由氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉组成的掺杂剂，氧化锆、氧化钒和碳粉能够反应形成具有耐高温耐腐蚀等优点的锆碳化合物、钒碳化合物，形成的锆碳化合物、钒碳化合物均匀分散在基体材料中并与基体材料紧密结合，使制得的匣钵具有优良耐高温耐碱腐蚀性能且在高温下保持较好的强度，在高温下能够有效防止锂电池正极材料与基体材料反应，防止匣钵被侵蚀，使得匣钵能够使用25次以上，大大提高匣钵的使用寿命，解决了目前匣钵使用次数不会超过20次且一般也就在15次左右就会报废的技术问题。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，所述匣钵采用如下原料制备形成：基体70wt％-90wt％，掺杂剂2wt％-8wt％，粘土1wt％-5wt％，粘结剂0.1wt％-2wt％，水20wt％-30wt％。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，所述匣钵采用如下原料制备形成：基体70wt％-80wt％，掺杂剂2wt％-6wt％，粘土2wt％-4wt％，粘结剂0.1wt％-1wt％，水20wt％-30wt％。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，所述基体为堇青石、氧化铝、莫来石、尖晶石、匣钵破碎料中的至少一种。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，所述基体和/或所述掺杂剂的粒度为1μm-10μm。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，所述粘土和/或所述粘结剂的粒度为1μm-10μm
作为上述方案的进一步改进，所述掺杂剂中，所述氧化锆、所述氧化钒、所述碳粉的质量比为0.5-1.4：0.55-0.85：1.1-1.9。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，所述氧化锆、所述氧化钒、所述碳粉的质量比为0.8-1.3：0.55-0.85：1.5-1.9。
本发明还提出一种如前述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、按比例称取各原料并将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料压制成型得到匣钵粗胚；
S2、将匣钵粗坯在惰性气氛下烧结后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，所述烧结是在1200℃-1800℃温度下烧结50-120min。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明通过在现有匣钵材料的基础上添加由氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉组成的掺杂剂，在高温惰性气氛下，氧化锆、氧化钒和碳粉反应形成具有耐高温耐腐蚀等优点的锆碳化合物、钒碳化合物，形成的锆碳化合物、钒碳化合物均匀分散在基体材料中并与基体材料紧密结合，使匣钵具有优良耐高温耐碱腐蚀性能且在高温下保持较好的强度，在高温下能够有效防止锂电池正极材料与基体材料反应，防止匣钵被侵蚀，使得匣钵能够使用25次以上，大大提高匣钵的使用寿命。
2、本发明添加的氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉在1000℃左右即可反应生成具有耐高温耐腐蚀等多种优点的锆碳化合物和钒碳化合物，利于推广使用。
3、本发明基体、粘土、粘结剂、掺杂剂的粒度在1μm-10μm范围内，在此粒度范围内成型的匣钵内部结构更加紧实，在烧制过程中不会因为内部结构问题导致在高温烧结时使匣钵干裂。
4、本发明匣钵制备工艺流程简单，工艺成本低，所制得的匣钵在高温腐蚀性环境中能够长期多次反复使用，经多次固相合成锂电子正极材料表面没有出现裂纹，具有耐高温、耐碱腐蚀等特点。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，下面描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取82kg堇青石颗粒、3kg粘土、0.5kg粘结剂、1.2kg氧化锆、0.6kg氧化钒、1.8kg碳粉、25kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，堇青石颗粒、粘土、粘结剂、氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1500℃下烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取82kg堇青石颗粒、3kg粘土、0.5kg粘结剂、1.1kg氧化锆、0.8kg氧化钒、1.6kg碳粉、25kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，堇青石颗粒、粘土、粘结剂、氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1500℃下烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取82kg堇青石颗粒、3kg粘土、0.5kg粘结剂、1.1kg氧化锆、0.8kg氧化钒、1.6kg碳粉、25kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，堇青石颗粒、粘土、粘结剂、氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1600℃下烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取40kg堇青石颗粒、42kg氧化铝颗粒、5kg粘土、0.8kg粘结剂、1.1kg氧化锆、0.8kg氧化钒、1.6kg碳粉、27kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，堇青石颗粒、氧化铝颗粒、粘土、粘结剂、氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1600℃下烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取82kg莫来石颗粒、5kg粘土、0.5kg粘结剂、1.2kg氧化锆、0.7kg氧化钒、1.6kg碳粉、25kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，莫来石颗粒、粘土、粘结剂、氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1600℃烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取82kg尖晶石颗粒、5kg粘土、0.5kg粘结剂、1.2kg氧化锆、0.7kg氧化钒、1.6kg碳粉、25kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，尖晶石颗粒、粘土、粘结剂、氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1600℃下烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
实施例7
本实施例提供一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取82kg匣钵破碎料颗粒、5kg粘土、0.5kg粘结剂、1.2kg氧化锆、0.7kg氧化钒、1.6kg碳粉、25kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，匣钵破碎料颗粒、粘土、粘结剂、氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1600℃下烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取82kg莫来石颗粒、3kg粘土、0.5kg粘结剂、25kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，莫来石颗粒、粘土、粘结剂的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1500℃下烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取82kg堇青石颗粒、3kg粘土、0.5kg粘结剂、25kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，堇青石颗粒、粘土、粘结剂的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1500℃下烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
对比例3
本对比例提供一种匣钵，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取40kg堇青石颗粒、42kg氧化铝颗粒、3kg粘土、0.5kg粘结剂、25kg水并加入到混料器中，其中，堇青石颗粒、氧化铝颗粒、粘土、粘结剂的粒度均为5μm。将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料加入模具中振实压制成型得到匣钵粗胚。
S2、将匣钵粗坯放入具有惰性气氛的烧结炉中，在1500℃下烧结90min后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
为验证实施例1-7制备的匣钵的性能，将实施例1-7以及对比例1-3制备的匣钵在产线同一条件下(1600℃，14小时)烧结同一种电池正极材料(钴酸锂材料)，表一为实施例1-7以及对比例1-3制备匣钵验证报告表。
表一：实施例1-7和对比例1-3在相同条件下烧制相同正极材料的使用结果
从表一结果可以看出，添加有由氧化锆、氧化钒、碳粉组成的掺杂剂制作出的匣钵能够使用25次以上，有明显优于对比例1-3的在高温和腐蚀下的耐受性能。
需要说明的是，本发明所有材料均为市售常规常用产品。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其特征在于，所述匣钵采用如下原料制备形成：基体60wt％-95wt％，掺杂剂1wt％-10wt％，粘土1wt％-10wt％，粘结剂0.1wt％-5wt％，水20wt％-40wt％；其中，所述掺杂剂包括氧化锆、氧化钒和碳粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其特征在于，所述匣钵采用如下原料制备形成：基体70wt％-90wt％，掺杂剂2wt％-8wt％，粘土1wt％-5wt％，粘结剂0.1wt％-2wt％，水20wt％-30wt％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其特征在于，所述匣钵采用如下原料制备形成：基体70wt％-80wt％，掺杂剂2wt％-6wt％，粘土2wt％-4wt％，粘结剂0.1wt％-1wt％，水20wt％-30wt％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其特征在于，所述基体为堇青石、氧化铝、莫来石、尖晶石、匣钵破碎料中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其特征在于，所述基体和/或所述掺杂剂的粒度为1μm-10μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其特征在于，所述粘土和/或所述粘结剂的粒度为1μm-10μm
7.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其特征在于，所述掺杂剂中，所述氧化锆、所述氧化钒、所述碳粉的质量比为0.5-1.4：0.55-0.85：1.1-1.9。
8.根据权利要求7所述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵，其特征在于，所述氧化锆、所述氧化钒、所述碳粉的质量比为0.8-1.3：0.55-0.85：1.5-1.9。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、按比例称取各原料并将原料混合均匀，得到粘稠状物料，将粘稠状物料压制成型得到匣钵粗胚；
S2、将所述匣钵粗坯在惰性气氛下烧结后，在惰性气氛下自然冷却至室温，即得匣钵。
10.根据权利要求9所述的掺杂型耐高温耐碱腐蚀的匣钵的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结是在1200℃-1800℃温度下烧结50-120min。
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