CN117091352A - 用于冷却富co2流的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于冷却富co2流的方法和装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN117091352A
CN117091352A CN202310568477.9A CN202310568477A CN117091352A CN 117091352 A CN117091352 A CN 117091352A CN 202310568477 A CN202310568477 A CN 202310568477A CN 117091352 A CN117091352 A CN 117091352A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
intermediate fluid
pressure
stream
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310568477.9A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
M·拉文托斯
R·杜贝蒂尔-格勒尼耶
M·莱克勒克
T·莫雷尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of CN117091352A publication Critical patent/CN117091352A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/067—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/009—Hydrocarbons with four or more carbon atoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0222—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an intermediate heat exchange fluid between the cryogenic component and the fluid to be liquefied
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0252—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/061—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0635—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/08—Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures or from liquefied gases or liquefied gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/02—Separating impurities in general from the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/40—Separating high boiling, i.e. less volatile components from air, e.g. CO2, hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/902—Details about the refrigeration cycle used, e.g. composition of refrigerant, arrangement of compressors or cascade, make up sources, use of reflux exchangers etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

在从富甲烷流体(1)中回收冷以用于冷却富二氧化碳流(5)的方法中，通过中间流体的蒸发向用于流冷却的第一热交换器(E1)供冷，所述中间流体通过与富甲烷流体的热交换而在至少一个压力水平下形成至少一个冷凝的中间流体流；蒸发的中间流体的至少一部分在第二热交换器(E2)中在至少一个压力下冷凝成至少一个流。

Description

用于冷却富CO2流的方法和装置
本发明涉及用于冷却富CO2流的方法和装置。冷却(实际上甚至液化)所需的至少一部分冷由富甲烷流体的加热，例如富甲烷液体(例如含有至少80摩尔％甲烷)的蒸发或密相富甲烷流体的假蒸发(pseudo-evaporation)提供。这种液体的一个实例是液化天然气(LNG)。通过使用富含乙烷或乙烯的中间流体进行冷传递，以将冷从液化气体，例如从液化天然气传递到富CO2流的液化。
富CO2流包含至少70摩尔％的二氧化碳，优选至少90摩尔％的二氧化碳，实际上甚至至少95摩尔％的二氧化碳。
富二氧化碳流的液化通常消耗电力以提供所需的制冷。液态天然气经常依靠(against)海水或另一热量供应者来蒸发。这两个系统具有互补的要求，因为液化天然气的蒸发需要热，而二氧化碳的液化需要具有冷源。因此研究这两个系统的集成可能性是有利的。
原则上，由于可作为制冷剂供应的LNG的量是“无限的”，与其中将CO2压缩到超临界压力、致密化然后减压至汽提塔的液化过程所需的压力相比，应该可以在相当低的压力下冷凝CO2，以使液化能量最小化。另一方面，极低液化压力的选择会限制液化过程的CO2产率，因为汽提塔中的温度的剖面(profile)是有限的。
由于CO2的冻结风险，无法设想在作为制冷剂的LNG(通常可在-160℃至-145℃之间供应)和CO2之间使用直接热交换。这意味着必须使用中间流体以将冷从LNG输送到CO2。这可以以两种方式进行：
a)仅以中间流体的显热形式从LNG输送冷(在这种情况下，中间流体可以是气态氮、液态HFO)，
b)经由中间流体的显热和潜热从LNG输送冷。
选项a)的缺点是冷凝的CO2的焓/温度剖面与热交换器中的中间流体之间的不相容性(大部分热由CO2在恒定温度下产生，而中间流体的温度根据其流量及其比热以恒定速率提高)。可以例如通过提高中间流体的流量和/或通过提高CO2的压力以接近临界压力，实际上甚至超过临界压力来避免这一障碍。这两种解决方案都需要增加能量，因此这些解决方案不太有吸引力。
从FR 2 869 404、JP2004069215和JPH04148182中已知，通过使用冷却剂循环，利用来自蒸发的LNG流的冷使二氧化碳冷凝，该冷却剂是乙烷。
JPH04-131688描述了中间流体的闭合循环，其将冷从LNG流传递到待液化的CO2流，该循环包含泵以将中间流体加压。所用的流体是
FR 2 869 404描述了中间流体的闭合循环，其将冷从LNG流传递到待液化的CO2流，中间流体是乙烷，其依靠CO2蒸发并依靠LNG液化。中间流体的压力是恒定的。
由于大部分冷在比CO2液化温度低的温度下供应，至少从热力学角度看，应该有可能以零能量花费集成这些过程，实际上甚至可能生成能量。在实际环境中，寻求一种集成形式，其只有有限的能量消耗(例如通过仅使用泵，而没有并非由涡轮机驱动的压缩)并与使用紧凑型多流体交换器(例如由钎焊铝(brazed aluminium)制成的板翅式交换器)兼容。理想地，该方法应该使得LNG能够被加热到环境温度，以将其注入天然气网络或将其供应给消费者，而不必用单独的加热手段将其加热。
本发明的目标在于通过降低二氧化碳冷却(实际上甚至液化)过程中的二氧化碳冻结风险来改进已知方法。
其使用中间流体从LNG中回收冷，所述中间流体主要由乙烷和/或乙烯组成，也可包含甲烷。这种流体被指定为C2流体。这种流体优选含有至少90摩尔％的乙烷或乙烯。
这种中间流体优选能够回收冷直至低于-60℃的温度。
专用热交换器(被称为“LNG交换器”)用于在中间流体和液体形式或密相的富甲烷液体，例如液化天然气LNG之间交换热。LNG依靠C2流体加热或蒸发(根据其压力)，C2流体在单程(single pass)中或在不同压力(Pc1、Pc2、PcN，其中N通常为2至4)下并行运行的多程(multiple passes)中冷凝并冷却至小于-50℃的温度，以限制交换器的流体之间的温度差。LNG交换器通常是由钎焊铝或不锈钢制成的板翅式交换器、壳管式交换器或印刷电路交换器(printed circuit exchanger)。
如果使用多流体交换器，C2流体流优选过冷(subcool)到交换器中的LNG入口温度以上2-10K的温度。在同一交换器的冷端，所有过冷C2流体在压力P1下混合，任选使用至少一个泵，并在同一交换器的另一通道中加热至在压力P1下混合的流体的泡点以下2至5K的温度。C2流体在-60℃附近的过冷仅仅是限制交换器中的温度差的手段。
在压力P1下的所得C2流体流随后在用于几个流体的另一热交换器中依靠冷凝的CO2加热并蒸发，CO2理想地在10-16bara之间的单一压力下，C2流体在单一压力下或并行地在两个压力P1和P2<P1下穿过这一交换器。如果使用两个蒸发压力，P2通常应该对应于在大约-55℃下的C2流体的泡点。在这种情况下，在P1下蒸发的C2流体的流量比在P2下蒸发的C2流体的流量小得多(例如1/25至1/35倍)，后者提供与CO2的冷凝相关的大部分制冷，而前者提供与CO2的过冷和CO2蒸馏塔的回流生成相关的大部分制冷。
在热交换器的热端(在此CO2冷凝)获得的在P1下蒸发的C2流体(或在P1和P2下蒸发的流体)必须被设计成产生在为LNG热交换器选择的冷凝压力Pc1、Pc2、PcN下的所需流量。从在两个不同压力下获得的两个料流开始，必须形成在压力值Pc1、Pc2、PcN下并具有特定流量的N个料流。这假定压缩至少一个料流和/或将至少一个料流减压。重要的是升级原始料流的压力(也就是说，通过使压缩最小化，特别是如果其不能通过另一料流在涡轮机中的减压驱动)。
理想地，冷凝压力Pc1、Pc2、PcN只有一个大于P1。为了这一目标，将在P1下的气态C2流体的一部分通过离心压缩机压缩到这些冷凝压力中的最高值。在其它冷凝压力下的C2流体通过C2流体的剩余部分在至少一个阀JT和离心涡轮机中的减压获得。通过选择适当的压力和流量，涡轮机有可能驱动压缩机，以使唯一的能耗是泵的能耗。
通过LNG热交换器的在不同压力下的C2流体的流量数根据C2流体的组成和所用交换器的类型进行选择。一般而言，流的数量越多，流体之间的温度差越小，以使加热例如可以在由钎焊铝制成的板翅式交换器中进行。
CN105545390A和JP H04 121573A描述了根据权利要求1的前序部分的方法。
本发明的一个目标是限制交换器之一的冷端处的温度差，以便提高该方法的效率。
根据本发明的一个主题，提供一种从富甲烷流体，例如液化天然气中回收冷以用于冷却和任选液化，实际上甚至分离富二氧化碳流的方法，其中：
i.富二氧化碳流在第一热交换器中在大于5巴绝对压力，实际上甚至大于13巴绝对压力下至少部分地冷却和任选冷凝；
ii.通过含有至少80摩尔％乙烷或乙烯的中间流体在至少一个压力水平下，优选在单一压力水平下的蒸发向阶段i)供冷；
iii.在阶段ii)中蒸发的中间流体的至少一部分在第二热交换器中通过与富甲烷流体的热交换而在至少一个压力下冷凝成至少一个流，优选在单一压力下冷凝成单一流，以形成至少一个冷凝的中间流体流；
iv.所述至少一个冷凝的中间流体流借助泵加压，其特征在于：
v.通过泵加压的所述至少一个流在第二热交换器中加热至交换器的中间温度，所述中间温度是高于第二热交换器的冷端温度且低于第二热交换器的热端温度的温度，并传送到第一热交换器以根据阶段ii)蒸发。
根据本发明的其它任选方面：
·所述富甲烷流体是气体或液体，
·一部分中间流体在第二交换器中在第一压力下冷凝，而至少另一部分中间流体在第二交换器中在至少低于第一压力的压力下冷凝，
·在至少低于第一压力的压力下冷凝的所述至少另一部分中间流体在泵中加压至第一压力，
·根据阶段iv)加热的所述至少一部分中间流体包含所述在第一压力下冷凝的中间流体部分和至少一部分通过泵加压的中间流体，
·中间流体在第二热交换器中的至少一个冷凝压力高于中间流体在第一热交换器中的蒸发压力，优选高至少2巴，或者当存在几个中间流体蒸发压力时，高于中间流体在第一热交换器中的最高蒸发压力，
·在高于中间流体在第一热交换器中的蒸发压力，或者当存在几个中间流体蒸发压力时，高于最高蒸发压力的压力下冷凝的所述蒸发的中间流体部分的压缩通过由涡轮机驱动的压缩机进行，所述涡轮机使蒸发的中间流体的另一部分减压，
·中间流体循环不包含压缩机或不包含由发动机(motor)驱动的压缩机，
·中间流体在第一热交换器中的蒸发压力在3bara至25bara之间，优选在4bara至21bara之间，和/或中间流体在第二热交换器中的冷凝压力在1.05bara至50bara之间，优选在1.3bara至45bara之间，
·所述中间流体含有大于85体积％的乙烷，优选大于90体积％的乙烷，
·所述中间流体含有大于85体积％的乙烯，优选大于90体积％的乙烯，
·传送到第一热交换器的中间流体的所述至少一个摩尔流量与富二氧化碳流的摩尔流量的比率在1.0至1.5之间，优选在1至1.4之间，
·传送到第二热交换器的中间流体的所述至少一个摩尔流量与富甲烷气体，例如LNG的摩尔流量的比率在0.7至1.0，优选0.75至0.95之间，
·液化的富CO2气体在等于或小于-40℃，优选等于或小于-50℃的温度下产生，
·所述富二氧化碳流在第一交换器入口处含有大于30体积％的CO2，优选大于35体积％的CO2，
·所述富二氧化碳流在第一交换器入口处含有大于90体积％的CO2，优选大于95体积％的CO2，
·在第二热交换器中加热或蒸发的富甲烷气体的至少一部分作为燃料或作为反应物传送到蒸汽甲烷重整单元、自热重整单元或部分氧化单元，并且所述富CO2流由这个单元产生或衍生自来自这个单元的产物，
·通过富二氧化碳流的液化或在部分冷凝或蒸馏下的分离产生的富CO2液体在第一交换器中通过与在第二热交换器中加热至中间温度的所述至少一部分中间流体进行热交换而过冷，
·通过富二氧化碳流的液化或在蒸馏或冷凝下的分离产生的富CO2液体在第一交换器中通过与在第二热交换器中加热至中间温度的所述至少一部分中间流体进行热交换而过冷，
·所述富CO2流在至少一个蒸馏塔中分离，
·从蒸馏塔的底部取出的一部分富CO2液体在第一热交换器中在高于中间温度的温度下蒸发并送回蒸馏塔的底部，
·在第一交换器中加热的一部分中间流体在涡轮机中减压以发电。
根据本发明的另一个主题，提供一种用于从富甲烷流体，例如液化天然气中回收冷以用于冷却和任选液化，实际上甚至分离富二氧化碳流的装置，其包含第一热交换器、第二热交换器、用于将有待至少部分地冷却和任选冷凝的富二氧化碳流送入第一热交换器的装置、闭合中间流体循环，其包含用于传送含有至少80摩尔％乙烷或乙烯的中间流体以供在第一交换器中在至少一个压力水平下，优选在单一压力水平下蒸发的装置、用于传送蒸发的流体以供在第二热交换器中通过与富甲烷流体的热交换而在至少一个压力下冷凝成至少一个流，优选在单一压力下冷凝成单一流以形成至少一个冷凝的中间流体流的装置、用于加压所述至少一个冷凝的中间流体流的泵，其特征在于其包含用于将所述流从泵传送到第二热交换器以便加热至交换器的中间温度的装置，所述中间温度是高于第二热交换器的冷端温度且低于第二热交换器的热端温度的温度，和用于从第二热交换器中取出在中间温度下的加热流的装置，其连接到用于将待蒸发的含有至少80摩尔％乙烷或乙烯的中间流体传送到第一交换器中的装置。
参考附图更详细地描述本发明，其中：
[图1]代表通过与富甲烷液体，例如LNG的热交换而冷凝CO2的方法，其使用以100％乙烷为流体的循环。
[图2]代表通过与富甲烷液体，例如LNG的热交换而冷凝CO2的方法，其使用以100％乙烯为流体的循环。
[图3]代表通过与富甲烷液体，例如LNG的热交换而冷凝CO2的方法，其使用以93.5摩尔％乙烷和6.5摩尔％甲烷为流体的循环。
[图4]代表通过与富甲烷液体，例如LNG的热交换而冷凝CO2的方法，其使用以含6％至7％甲烷的乙烯为流体的循环。
[图1]代表通过与富甲烷液体，例如LNG的热交换而冷凝CO2的方法，其使用以100％乙烷为流体的循环，其中具有两个在交换器中在两个不同冷凝压力下的冷凝流体的流量。将液化天然气(LNG)流1传送到热交换器E2的冷端，热交换器E2可以是板翅式交换器或印刷电路交换器。液化天然气在交换器E2中蒸发和加热以产生离开热端的天然气3，其优选在高于0℃的温度，例如环境温度下。流体1可以是气体或液体。
在热交换器E2中，两个C2流，在这种情况下是乙烷，19、21被冷却，流21处于比流19低的压力下。流21从热端到冷端通过热交换器E1，同时完全冷凝。将冷凝流送入鼓S。来自鼓S的液体23通过泵P加压并与已经冷凝并在阀中减压的流19混合。形成的流11在热交换器E1中去过冷(desubcooled)，因此加热至交换器的中间温度，也就是在交换器的冷端温度与热端温度之间的温度。
将流11传送到CO2液化器——要么在隔热管道中，要么经过与交换器E2共用的隔热冷箱并送往CO2液化器。将流11一分为二，这两个部分13、15在各自的阀中减压并在热交换器E1中在从冷端传送到热端的过程中被加热。在加热后，将流15一分为二以形成流19、17。流19在压缩机C中压缩，在冷却器(未显示)中冷却并在冷却器的出口压力下传送到交换器E2。流17在驱动压缩机C的涡轮机T中从压力P1减压并与流13混合以形成进入交换器E2的流21。
将在10-16bara之间的富二氧化碳流5分成两部分51、53。流53完全经过交换器E1并传送为蒸馏塔K1的塔顶回流，其在交换器E1中冷凝。另一个部分51在交换器E1中在与部分53相同的压力下冷却但在位于热端温度和冷端温度之间的中间温度下离开交换器E1。部分51随后传送到塔K1。
通过从塔K1中提取富集二氧化碳的塔底液55的一部分57，提供塔K1的再沸。将塔底液55传送到比流51的出口点热的交换器E1的中间水平(intermediate level)。将部分57蒸发并加热并作为气体送回塔K1的底部。液体55的剩余部分7在热交换器E1中通过与中间流体11的热交换而过冷并形成液态二氧化碳，其是该方法的产物。来自塔K1的塔顶气体9在交换器E1中从冷端至热端加热并离开该系统。这种气体9富集轻杂质，如氮气、氢气、一氧化碳等。
中间流体的流19在第二热交换器E2中的冷凝压力高于中间流体在第一热交换器E1中的最高蒸发压力，优选高至少2巴。
[图2]代表通过与富甲烷液体，例如LNG的热交换而冷凝CO2的方法，其使用以100％乙烯为C2流体的循环。没有给出CO2液化器的细节，但与[图1]相同或类似的方法可用于该液化。
在这种情况下，C2流体在交换器E2中在两个不同的压力下蒸发以冷凝富二氧化碳气体。将在交换器E1的热端取出的气体15一分为二。部分45在压缩机中压缩，在热交换器E3中冷却，随后在热交换器E2中依靠LNG冷凝。气体15的剩余部分25一分为三，一个部分29与气体13混合以形成气体43，其在驱动压缩机的涡轮机中减压并随后传送到交换器E2以便完全冷凝，以形成传送到鼓S的液体流47。
将气体25的另一个部分27减压，然后传送到热交换器E2，在此其冷凝并过冷，然后与过冷液体47混合。
将气体25的另一个部分41减压，然后传送到热交换器E2，在此其冷凝并过冷，然后与液体47混合。
因此看出，流体C2，在这种情况下是乙烯，在交换器E2中在四个不同的压力下冷凝。
交换器E2可以是板翅式交换器，例如由钎焊铝制成，因为在流45的压缩的下游存在冷却器。C2流体(在这种情况下是乙烯)流在压力P2下供入涡轮机。
交换器E3借助在交换器E2的热出口处提取的蒸发LNG流1A冷却。
中间流体的流45在第二热交换器中的冷凝压力高于中间流体在第一热交换器中的最高蒸发压力，优选高至少2巴。
[图3]代表通过与LNG的热交换而冷凝CO2的方法，其使用以93.5摩尔％乙烷和6.5摩尔％甲烷为C2流体的循环。没有给出CO2液化器的细节，但与[图1]相同或类似的方法可用于该液化。
在这种情况下，C2流体在交换器E1中在两个不同的压力下蒸发以冷凝富二氧化碳气体。将在交换器E1的热端取出的气体15一分为二。部分33在压缩机C中压缩，在热交换器E3中冷却，随后在热交换器E2中依靠LNG冷凝。气体15的剩余部分25一分为二，一个部分29与气体13混合以形成气体43，其在驱动压缩机C的涡轮机T中减压并随后传送到交换器E2以便完全冷凝，以形成传送到鼓S的液体流35。
气体25的另一个部分27在阀中减压，然后传送到热交换器E2，在此其冷凝，然后在鼓S的上游与过冷流35混合。
交换器E3借助在交换器E2的热出口处提取的蒸发LNG流1A冷却。
交换器E2可以是板翅式交换器，例如由钎焊铝制成，因为在流33的压缩的下游存在冷却器E3。C2流体流在压力P2下供入涡轮机。
中间流体的流33在第二热交换器中的冷凝压力高于中间流体在第一热交换器中的最高蒸发压力，优选高至少2巴。
[图4]代表通过与富甲烷液体，例如LNG的热交换而冷凝CO2的方法，其使用以93摩尔％乙烯和7摩尔％甲烷为流体的循环，其中在交换器E2中冷凝单个流体流。将液化天然气(LNG)流1传送到热交换器E2的冷端，热交换器E2可以是板翅式交换器或印刷电路交换器。液化天然气在交换器E2中蒸发和加热以产生离开热端的天然气3，其优选在高于0℃的温度，例如环境温度下。
C2流21在热交换器E2中冷却。流21从热端到冷端通过热交换器E1，同时完全冷凝并同时过冷。过冷流在鼓S中分离。来自鼓S的气体25在交换器E2的入口处再汇入流21。来自鼓的液体23通过泵P加压。泵加压流11在热交换器E2中去过冷，因此加热至交换器的中间温度。
将流11传送到CO2液化器——要么在隔热管道中，要么经过与交换器E2共用的隔热冷箱并送往CO2液化器。流11变成流13并在热交换器E1中在从冷端传送到热端的过程中被加热。在加热后，将流13再次加热，例如直到60℃，并在加热器R的出口压力下传送到交换器E2。该流进入交换器E2。
一开始，流12使交换器E1短路(short-circuit)以使中间流体有可能被加热器加热。
将在10-16bara之间的富二氧化碳流5分成两部分51、53。流53完全经过交换器E1并传送为蒸馏塔K1的塔顶回流，其在交换器E1中冷凝。另一个部分51在交换器E1中在与部分53相同的压力下冷却但在位于热端温度和冷端温度之间的中间温度下离开交换器E1。部分51随后传送到塔K1。
通过从塔K1中提取富集二氧化碳的塔底液55的一部分57，提供塔K1的再沸。将塔底液55传送到比流51的出口点热的交换器E1的中间水平。将部分57蒸发并加热并作为气体送回塔K1的底部。液体55的剩余部分7在热交换器E1中通过与中间流体11的热交换而过冷并形成液态二氧化碳，其是该方法的产物。来自塔K1的塔顶气体9在交换器E1中从冷端至热端加热并离开该系统。这种气体9富集轻杂质，如氮气、氢气、一氧化碳等。
中间流体的流19在第二热交换器中的冷凝压力与中间流体在第一热交换器中的最高蒸发压力仅相差压头损失(head loss)。该中间流体循环既不包含压缩(除泵的加压外)也不包含在涡轮机中的减压。泵P仅用于补偿压降。
[图1]、[图2]、[图3]和[图4]分别可包含用于将鼓S中生成的气体传送到交换器E2上游的管道。这种气体来源于热输入该鼓以使其所含液体的一小部分蒸发。形成的气体25从鼓S送出并再汇入气体21。

Claims (21)

1.从富甲烷流体，例如液化天然气中回收冷以用于冷却和任选液化，实际上甚至分离富二氧化碳流(5)的方法，其中：
i.富二氧化碳流在第一热交换器(E1)中在大于5巴绝对压力，实际上甚至大于13巴绝对压力下至少部分地冷却和任选冷凝；
ii.通过含有至少80摩尔％乙烷或乙烯的中间流体在至少一个压力水平下，优选在单一压力水平下的蒸发向阶段i)供冷；
iii.在阶段ii)中蒸发的中间流体的至少一部分在第二热交换器(E2)中通过与富甲烷流体的热交换而在至少一个压力下冷凝成至少一个流，优选在单一压力下冷凝成单一流，以形成至少一个冷凝的中间流体流；
iv.所述至少一个冷凝的中间流体流借助泵(P)加压，其特征在于：
v.通过泵加压的所述至少一个流(37)在第二热交换器中加热至交换器的中间温度，所述中间温度是高于第二热交换器的冷端温度且低于第二热交换器的热端温度的温度，并传送到第一热交换器以根据阶段ii)蒸发。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中一部分中间流体在第二交换器(E2)中在第一压力下冷凝，而至少另一部分中间流体在第二交换器中在至少低于第一压力的压力下冷凝。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中在至少低于第一压力的压力下冷凝的所述至少另一部分中间流体在泵(P)中加压至第一压力。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其中根据阶段iv)加热的所述至少一部分中间流体包含所述在第一压力下冷凝的中间流体部分和至少一部分通过泵加压的中间流体。
5.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中中间流体在第二热交换器(E2)中的至少一个冷凝压力高于中间流体在第一热交换器中的蒸发压力，优选高至少2巴，或者当存在几个中间流体蒸发压力时，高于中间流体在第一热交换器中的最高蒸发压力。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其中在高于中间流体在第一热交换器中的蒸发压力，或者当存在几个中间流体蒸发压力时，高于最高蒸发压力的压力下冷凝的所述蒸发的中间流体部分的压缩通过由涡轮机(T)驱动的压缩机(C)进行，所述涡轮机使蒸发的中间流体的另一部分减压。
7.根据前述权利要求1至5之一的方法，其中所述中间流体循环不包含压缩机或不包含由发动机驱动的压缩机。
8.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中所述中间流体在第一热交换器(E1)中的蒸发压力在3bara至25bara之间，优选在4bara至21bara之间，和/或所述中间流体在第二热交换器(E2)中的冷凝压力在1.05bara至50bara之间，优选在1.3bara至45bara之间。
9.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中所述中间流体(11)含有大于85体积％的乙烷，优选大于90体积％的乙烷。
10.根据前述权利要求1至8之一的方法，其中所述中间流体(11)含有大于85体积％的乙烯，优选大于90体积％的乙烯。
11.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中传送到第一热交换器(E1)的中间流体的至少一个摩尔流量与富二氧化碳流的摩尔流量的比率在1.0至1.5之间，优选在1至1.4之间。
12.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中传送到第二热交换器的中间流体的至少一个摩尔流量与富甲烷气体(1)，例如LNG的摩尔流量的比率在0.7至1.0，优选0.75至0.95之间。
13.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中液化的富CO2气体在等于或小于-40℃，优选等于或小于-50℃的温度下产生。
14.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中所述富二氧化碳流(5)在第一交换器(E1)入口处含有大于30体积％的CO2，优选大于35体积％的CO2。
15.根据权利要求14的方法，其中所述富二氧化碳流在第一交换器(E1)入口处含有大于90体积％的CO2，优选大于95体积％的CO2。
16.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中在第二热交换器(E2)中加热或蒸发的富甲烷气体的至少一部分作为燃料或作为反应物传送到蒸汽甲烷重整单元、自热重整单元或部分氧化单元，并且所述富CO2流(5)由这个单元产生或衍生自来自这个单元的产物。
17.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中通过富二氧化碳流的液化或在部分冷凝或蒸馏下的分离产生的富CO2液体(55)在第一交换器(E1)中通过与在第二热交换器中加热至中间温度的所述至少一部分中间流体进行热交换而过冷。
18.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中所述富CO2流(55)在至少一个蒸馏塔(K1)中分离。
19.根据权利要求18的方法，其中从蒸馏塔(K1)的底部取出的一部分(57)富CO2液体在第一热交换器中在高于中间温度的温度下蒸发并送回蒸馏塔的底部。
20.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其中在第一交换器(E1)中加热的一部分(17)中间流体在涡轮机(T)中减压以发电。
21.用于从富甲烷流体(1)，例如液化天然气中回收冷以用于冷却和任选液化，实际上甚至分离富二氧化碳流(5)的装置，其包含第一热交换器(E1)、第二热交换器(E2)、用于将有待至少部分地冷却和任选冷凝的富二氧化碳流送入第一热交换器(E1)的装置、闭合中间流体循环，其包含用于传送含有至少80摩尔％乙烷或乙烯的中间流体以供在第一交换器中在至少一个压力水平下，优选在单一压力水平下蒸发的装置、用于传送蒸发的流体以供在第二热交换器(E2)中通过与富甲烷流体(1)的热交换而在至少一个压力下冷凝成至少一个流，优选在单一压力下冷凝成单一流以形成至少一个冷凝的中间流体流的装置、用于加压所述至少一个冷凝的中间流体流的泵，其特征在于其包含用于将所述流从泵传送到第二热交换器以便加热至交换器的中间温度的装置，所述中间温度是大于第二热交换器的冷端温度且低于第二热交换器的热端温度的温度，和用于从第二热交换器中取出在中间温度下的加热流的装置，其连接到用于将待蒸发的含有至少80摩尔％乙烷或乙烯的中间流体传送到第一交换器中的装置。
CN202310568477.9A 2022-05-20 2023-05-19 用于冷却富co2流的方法和装置 Pending CN117091352A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2204833A FR3128011B1 (fr) 2022-05-20 2022-05-20 Procédé et appareil de refroidissement d’un débit riche en CO2
FR2204833 2022-05-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117091352A true CN117091352A (zh) 2023-11-21

Family

ID=82483255

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310568477.9A Pending CN117091352A (zh) 2022-05-20 2023-05-19 用于冷却富co2流的方法和装置

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20230375266A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP4279848A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2023171261A (zh)
KR (1) KR20230162547A (zh)
CN (1) CN117091352A (zh)
FR (1) FR3128011B1 (zh)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5520206A (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-02-13 Showa Tansan Kk Manufacture of saturated liquefied carbon dioxide
JP2566337B2 (ja) * 1990-09-11 1996-12-25 三菱重工業株式会社 Ｃｏ▲下２▼ガスの液化方法
JP3720415B2 (ja) * 1995-05-18 2005-11-30 大阪瓦斯株式会社 液化炭酸製造用冷媒および液化炭酸製造設備の運転方法ならびに熱交換器
JP2004069215A (ja) 2002-08-08 2004-03-04 Nippon Sanso Corp 熱交換装置及びその制御方法並びに液化天然ガスの冷熱を利用した炭酸ガスの液化方法
FR2869404A1 (fr) 2004-04-27 2005-10-28 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de liquefaction du dioxyde de carbone gazeux.
CN105545390A (zh) * 2016-01-25 2016-05-04 辽宁石油化工大学 一种lng冷能梯级利用方法
FR3099234B1 (fr) * 2019-07-26 2021-07-30 Air Liquide Procédé de récupération d’énergie frigorifique avec production d’électricité ou liquéfaction d’un courant gazeux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20230375266A1 (en) 2023-11-23
FR3128011A1 (fr) 2023-04-14
KR20230162547A (ko) 2023-11-28
JP2023171261A (ja) 2023-12-01
EP4279848A1 (fr) 2023-11-22
FR3128011B1 (fr) 2024-06-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2008283102B2 (en) Method and system for producing LNG
CA2887150C (en) Integrated nitrogen removal in the production of liquefied natural gas using dedicated reinjection circuit
US10767922B2 (en) Integrated nitrogen removal in the production of liquefied natural gas using intermediate feed gas separation
EP3803241B1 (en) Pretreatment and pre-cooling of natural gas by high pressure compression and expansion
KR20010082235A (ko) 증류를 사용한 다중-성분 압축 공급 스트림의 분리방법
RU2764820C1 (ru) Производство спг с удалением азота
US11815308B2 (en) Pretreatment and pre-cooling of natural gas by high pressure compression and expansion
US20190128600A1 (en) Method and apparatus for separating hydrocarbons
US11806639B2 (en) Pretreatment and pre-cooling of natural gas by high pressure compression and expansion
CN117091352A (zh) 用于冷却富co2流的方法和装置
CN118575048A (zh) 用于冷却二氧化碳和氢气的方法和设备
KR20230034899A (ko) 천연 가스의 액화를 위한 통합 질소 제거
CN112781320A (zh) 用于分离烃的方法和装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication