CN117081214A - Multi-battery pack SOC consistency control method based on lithium battery charge-discharge characteristics - Google Patents
Multi-battery pack SOC consistency control method based on lithium battery charge-discharge characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN117081214A CN117081214A CN202311172474.XA CN202311172474A CN117081214A CN 117081214 A CN117081214 A CN 117081214A CN 202311172474 A CN202311172474 A CN 202311172474A CN 117081214 A CN117081214 A CN 117081214A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and discloses a multi-battery pack SOC consistency control method based on charging and discharging characteristics of a lithium battery, which replaces SOC with port voltage information of each DESU in a partial stage to improve sagging control, and when the average SOC of the charge states of the batteries of an energy storage system is adopted ave At the beginning and end of charge and discharge, the sagging coefficient R taking CCV as an equalization variable i Adjusting a strategy; when the battery SOC ave In the charge-discharge stable period, the droop coefficient R taking delta SOC as an equalization variable i And the strategy is adjusted, so that the balance rate is improved, errors caused by SOC measurement and calculation are reduced, and the purposes of quick balance control of the state of charge and accurate distribution of load current are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a control method for SOC consistency of a multi-energy storage battery pack.
Background
The existing solution to balancing the consistency of the multi-energy-storage battery pack SOC takes the SOC as an equalization variable, and the consistency of the multi-battery pack is controlled by adding the SOC variable into a sagging coefficient, but for the energy-storage battery pack, the SOC of an energy storage unit cannot be obtained by direct measurement by the existing technology, and is basically obtained by measurement and calculation, and for the SOC of the energy-storage battery, the SOC value obtained by the method can only be obtained by calculation by an ampere-time integration method on the basis of clear initial SOC, and certain error exists necessarily, so that the consistency control of the multi-energy-storage battery pack SOC can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-battery pack SOC consistency control method which can solve the problem that measurement errors exist when SOC is taken as a balance variable.
The invention aims to achieve the aim, and the aim is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a multi-battery pack SOC consistency control method based on lithium battery charge-discharge characteristics comprises three steps of droop control, voltage control and current control to finally generate control signals:
the sagging control is performed by adjusting a sagging coefficient R i Realizing charge balance, sagging control is controlled by the charge state SOC of each battery pack, port voltage CCV and bus voltage U of the battery pack to which the sagging controller belongs 0 And energy storage converter output current I i For input, the virtual variable R in the traditional droop controller is judged and controlled according to the stage of the SOC of the battery pack, and when the average value SOC of the battery charge state of the energy storage system is obtained ave At the beginning and end of charge and discharge, the sagging coefficient R taking CCV as an equalization variable i Adjusting a strategy; when the battery SOC ave In the charge-discharge stable period, the droop coefficient R taking delta SOC as an equalization variable i And adjusting a strategy, wherein the delta SOC is the difference value between the charge state of each battery pack and the average value.
The charge and discharge start and end comprise the charge and discharge start 0% < SOC ave Interval less than or equal to 20% and SOC less than or equal to 80% of charge and discharge end ave <100% of the interval, the charge-discharge stabilization period is 20%<SOC ave <80％。
Droop coefficient R with CCV as equalization variable i The adjustment strategy is:
wherein R is 0i Representing the initial value of the sag factor, CCV ave Is the average value of the open-circuit voltage of the energy storage system, r 1 Is an acceleration factor, and r 1 ≥1，I i >0 the battery is in a discharge state, I i <The battery is in a charged state at 0.
Droop coefficient R with delta SOC as equalization variable i The adjustment strategy is:
wherein R is 0i Represents the initial value of the droop coefficient, SOC ave Representing the average value of the charge state of an energy storage system, r 2 As acceleration factor, also r 2 ≥1，I i >0 the battery is in a discharge state, I i <The battery is in a charged state at 0.
Adjusting sagging coefficient R i The method for realizing charge balance comprises the following steps:
n groups of energy storage units DESU i Parallel connection is performed, i=1, 2, …, n, U i Representing a power storage unit DESU i Output voltage of I i Representing a power storage unit DESU i R is equal to the output current of R li Representing a power storage unit DESU i Is a line impedance of the (c).
The droop control expression of the direct current micro-grid can be obtained on the basis of the control expression as follows:
U ref-i ＝U ref -I i R i
wherein U is ref_i To output the voltage reference value U ref Rated for bus voltage;
assuming that the converter in the system is an ideal converter, then the U of the energy storage unit ref -i and U i Equivalent value, and thus the energy storage unit DESU can be obtained i And DESU j The following relationship is provided:
the state of charge of the ith energy storage unit can be known by an ampere-hour integration method as follows:
wherein SOC is i Representing the real-time state of charge, SOC, of the ith energy storage unit 0i Representing the initial state of charge of the energy storage unit, C i For the capacity of the ith energy storage unit, the derivative is available:
thus, by adjusting the sagging coefficient R i And the equivalent line impedance balance is realized, so that the charge balance is realized.
Preferably, the batteries are lithium iron phosphate batteries.
The invention has the advantages that: by studying the charge and discharge characteristics of the most common lithium iron phosphate batteries, it was found that when the lithium iron phosphate batteries were operated at the start and end stages of charge and discharge (0 to 20% and 80 to 100%), the variation in the port voltage was large with respect to the stationary stage. Namely, when the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery is in the range of 20-80%, the change of the voltage is smoother and slower along with the continuous change of the SOC, and basically keeps unchanged; when the SOC is between 0% and 20% or 80% and 100%, the slope of the curve is larger, and the voltage change is larger than that of the SOC. The battery OCV is not generally exactly equal to the battery terminal voltage, and the OCV of the battery is approximately equal to the terminal voltage only when left standing for a period of time, so that the battery SOC can be estimated from the measured battery terminal voltage (CCV). If the battery current is set to be invariable, the change only exists in the battery affected by ohmic internal resistance and polarized internal resistance during charge and discharge, and when the difference value of the SOC of two single batteries is small, the SOC of the battery is the same as the SOC of the battery ave Under the condition of 0% -20% or 80% -100% and the same internal resistance, the mutual change between the open-circuit voltage and the SOC can be approximately ignored at the moment, the mutual change between the open-circuit voltage and the SOC can be approximately regarded as the change of the terminal voltage, and if the set voltage is a control variable, the integral consistency of the battery pack can be effectively promoted even under the conditions of extremely small SOC and obvious voltage difference among the single batteries. The energy storage battery pack is formed by combining a plurality of single cells in a serial-parallel connection mode, so that the whole battery pack also has the same charge-discharge characteristic. Based on the charge-discharge characteristics, the invention adopts the terminal voltage CCV as an equalization variable for unifying the battery performance at the beginning and the end of the charge-discharge of the battery pack, so that the number of the battery packs can be reduced; at present realizeAnd errors caused by SOC measurement problems in the control method of the consistency of the SOC of the multiple battery packs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a DESU equivalent circuit diagram;
FIG. 2 is a plot of open circuit voltage OCV versus SOC of a lithium iron phosphate battery;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of the improved droop control of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
At present, the battery pack of the energy storage power station is mainly a lithium ion battery, and the conventional I-U sagging control principle is shown in fig. 1, wherein n groups of energy storage units DESU i (i=1, 2, …, n) in parallel, in the figure, U i Representing the output voltage of the energy storage unit, I i Represents the output current of the energy storage power supply, R li Represents the corresponding line impedance, U bus For bus voltage, R load Is equivalent to load resistance, I load Is the load current.
The droop control expression of the direct current micro-grid can be obtained on the basis of the control expression as follows:
U ref-i ＝U ref -I i R i
wherein: u (U) ref_i To output the voltage reference value U ref For bus voltage rating, R i Is the sag factor.
Assuming that the converter in the system is an ideal converter, then the U of the energy storage unit ref -i and U i Equivalent, and then can be obtained:
the state of charge of the ith energy storage unit can be known by an ampere-hour integration method as follows:
wherein SOC is i Representing the real-time state of charge, SOC, of the ith energy storage unit 0i Representing the initial state of charge of the energy storage unit, C i Is the capacity of the ith energy storage unit.
The derivation can be carried out:
therefore, the change rate of the charge state is indistinguishable from the charge-discharge current and capacity of the energy storage unit. The above formula is combined to obtain:
that is, in an ideal state, in order to achieve equalization of the states of charge of the energy storage units, equalization of the capacities of the respective energy storage units and the equivalent line impedance must be achieved, and therefore, the sag coefficient R can be adjusted i And the charge balance is realized.
The large and medium energy storage power stations mostly adopt lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the lithium iron phosphate has the advantages of extremely good cycle life, good safety performance, high-efficiency output, quick charging and the like. In this embodiment, a lithium iron phosphate battery is studied, and the characteristic curves of Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) and SOC are shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from the curve change slope of FIG. 2, when the SOC of the battery is in the range of 20% -80%, the voltage is smoother and slower and basically unchanged along with the continuous change of the SOC; when the SOC is between 0% and 20% or 80% and 100%, the slope of the curve is larger, and the voltage change is larger than that of the SOC. The battery OCV is not generally exactly equal to the battery terminal voltage, and the OCV of the battery is approximately equal to the terminal voltage only when left standing for a period of time, so that the battery SOC can be estimated from the measured battery terminal voltage (CCV).
If the battery current is set to be invariable, the battery current becomesThe battery is characterized in that the battery is only in the battery with the influence of ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance, when the SOC difference of two single batteries is small, namely the battery SOC is ave Under the condition of 0% -20% or 80% -100% and the same internal resistance, the mutual change between the open-circuit voltage and the SOC can be approximately ignored at the moment, the mutual change between the open-circuit voltage and the SOC can be approximately regarded as the change of the terminal voltage, and if the set voltage is a control variable, the integral consistency of the battery pack can be effectively promoted even under the conditions of extremely small SOC and obvious voltage difference among the single batteries. The energy storage battery pack is formed by combining a plurality of single cells in a serial-parallel connection mode, so that the whole battery pack also has the same charge-discharge characteristic.
For the SOC of the energy storage battery, the SOC value obtained by the method can be obtained by dead time integration method only on the basis of clear initial SOC, and certain error can be necessarily existed in the SOC value obtained by the method, and the terminal voltage of the battery pack can be obtained by direct measurement. Based on the above, the invention provides a voltage-SOC segment equalization control strategy. As shown in Table 1, when the battery is operated at the start of charge and discharge (0% < SOC) ave Less than or equal to 20 percent) or charge-discharge end (SOC less than or equal to 80 percent) ave When less than 100%), the terminal voltage CCV is used as an equalization variable for unifying the battery performance in order to reduce the influence caused by calculation errors of the SOC. When the battery operates in the charge-discharge stable period (20%<SOC ave <80%) in the case of the battery, the delta SOC is used as an equalization variable to achieve SOC uniformity among the battery packs, considering that the voltage variation of the battery is small at this time.
Table 1 equalization variable selection
The multi-battery pack SOC consistency control method based on the charging and discharging characteristics of the lithium battery disclosed in this embodiment includes three steps of droop control, voltage control and current control to finally generate a control signal, please refer to fig. 3.
Sag control is achieved by adjusting the sag factor R i Realizing charge balance, sagging control is controlled by the charge state SOC of each battery pack, port voltage CCV and bus voltage U of the battery pack to which the sagging controller belongs 0 And energy storage converter output current I i For input, the virtual variable R in the traditional droop controller is judged and controlled according to the stage of the SOC of the battery pack, and when the average value SOC of the battery charge state of the energy storage system is obtained ave At the beginning and end of charge and discharge, the sagging coefficient R taking CCV as an equalization variable i Adjusting a strategy; when the battery SOC ave In the charge-discharge stable period, the droop coefficient R taking delta SOC as an equalization variable i And adjusting a strategy, wherein the delta SOC is the difference value between the charge state of each battery pack and the average value.
Specifically, the droop coefficient R using CCV as equalization variable i The adjustment strategy is:
wherein R is 0i Representing the initial value of the sag factor, CCV ave Is the average value of the open-circuit voltage of the energy storage system, r 1 Is an acceleration factor, and r 1 ≥1，I i >0 the battery is in a discharge state, I i <The battery is in a charged state at 0.
Droop coefficient R with delta SOC as equalization variable i The adjustment strategy is:
wherein R is 0i Represents the initial value of the droop coefficient, SOC ave Representing the average value of the charge state of an energy storage system, r 2 As acceleration factor, also r 2 ≥1，I i >0 the battery is in a discharge state, I i <The battery is in a charged state at 0.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The multi-battery pack SOC consistency control method based on the charge-discharge characteristics of the lithium battery comprises three steps of droop control, voltage control and current control to finally generate a control signal, and is characterized in that:
the sagging control is performed by adjusting a sagging coefficient R i Realizing charge balance, sagging control is controlled by the charge state SOC of each battery pack, port voltage CCV and bus voltage U of the battery pack to which the sagging controller belongs 0 And energy storage converter output current I i For input, the virtual variable R in the traditional droop controller is judged and controlled according to the stage of the SOC of the battery pack, and when the average value SOC of the battery charge state of the energy storage system is obtained ave At the beginning and end of charge and discharge, the sagging coefficient R taking CCV as an equalization variable i Adjusting a strategy; when the battery SOC ave In the charge-discharge stable period, the droop coefficient R taking delta SOC as an equalization variable i And adjusting a strategy, wherein the delta SOC is the difference value between the charge state of each battery pack and the average value.
2. The method for controlling the SOC uniformity of a plurality of battery packs based on charge and discharge characteristics of a lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the charge and discharge start and end terminals include a charge and discharge start 0% < SOC ave Interval less than or equal to 20% and SOC less than or equal to 80% of charge and discharge end ave <100% of the interval, the charge-discharge stabilization period is 20%<SOCave<80％。
3. The method for controlling the consistency of the SOC of a plurality of battery packs based on the charge and discharge characteristics of a lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the sag factor R using CCV as an equalization variable i The adjustment strategy is:
wherein R is 0i Representing the initial value of the sag factor, CCV ave Is the average value of the open-circuit voltage of the energy storage system, r 1 Is an acceleration factor, and r 1 ≥1，I i >0 time electricityThe cell is in a discharge state, I i <The battery is in a charged state at 0.
4. The method for controlling the consistency of the SOC of a plurality of battery packs based on the charge and discharge characteristics of a lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the sagging coefficient R having Δsoc as an equalization variable i The adjustment strategy is:
wherein R is 0i Represents the initial value of the droop coefficient, SOC ave Representing the average value of the charge state of an energy storage system, r 2 Is an acceleration factor, and r 2 ≥1，I i >0 the battery is in a discharge state, I i <The battery is in a charged state at 0.
5. The method for controlling SOC uniformity of a plurality of battery packs based on charge and discharge characteristics of a lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the sagging coefficient R is adjusted i The method for realizing charge balance comprises the following steps:
n groups of energy storage units DESU i Parallel connection is performed, i=1, 2, …, n, U i Representing a power storage unit DESU i Output voltage of I i Representing a power storage unit DESU i R is equal to the output current of R li Representing a power storage unit DESU i Is a line impedance of the (c).
The droop control expression of the direct current micro-grid can be obtained on the basis of the control expression as follows:
U ref-i ＝U ref -I i R i
wherein U is ref_i To output the voltage reference value U ref Rated for bus voltage;
assuming that the converter in the system is an ideal converter, then the U of the energy storage unit ref -i and U i Equivalent value, and thus the energy storage unit DESU can be obtained i And DESU j The following relationship is provided:
the state of charge of the ith energy storage unit can be known by an ampere-hour integration method as follows:
wherein SOC is i Representing the real-time state of charge, SOC, of the ith energy storage unit 0i Representing the initial state of charge of the energy storage unit, C i For the capacity of the ith energy storage unit, the derivative is available:
thus, by adjusting the sagging coefficient R i And the equivalent line impedance balance is realized, so that the charge balance is realized.
6. The method for controlling the consistency of the SOC of a plurality of battery packs based on the charge and discharge characteristics of a lithium battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the batteries are lithium iron phosphate batteries.
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