CN117066694A - Welding method and welding device - Google Patents

Welding method and welding device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN117066694A
CN117066694A CN202311038403.0A CN202311038403A CN117066694A CN 117066694 A CN117066694 A CN 117066694A CN 202311038403 A CN202311038403 A CN 202311038403A CN 117066694 A CN117066694 A CN 117066694A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
welding
groove
falling
switching frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202311038403.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
彭根琛
孙太生
陆智俊
杨帆
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jiangsu Xugong Construction Machinery Research Institute Co ltd
Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Jiangsu Xugong Construction Machinery Research Institute Co ltd
Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jiangsu Xugong Construction Machinery Research Institute Co ltd, Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Jiangsu Xugong Construction Machinery Research Institute Co ltd
Priority to CN202311038403.0A priority Critical patent/CN117066694A/en
Publication of CN117066694A publication Critical patent/CN117066694A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a welding method and a welding apparatus. The welding method comprises the following steps: the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil are controlled, so that the magnetic field acts on the continuously falling molten drops generated by the welding equipment, and the falling paths of the continuously falling molten drops are deflected by the magnetic field force. The magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil acts on the continuously fallen molten drop, so that the falling path of the continuously fallen molten drop is deflected by magnetic field force, the magnetic field directions are different, the directions of the magnetic field force received by the molten drop are different, the deflection directions of the falling path of the molten drop are different, the magnetic field strengths are different, the magnetic field force received by the molten drop is different, the deflection degree of the falling path of the molten drop is different, and in the welding advancing process, the continuously fallen molten drop can fall to each groove wall surface of a welding groove under the action of the magnetic field force, thereby achieving good fusion effect of the groove wall surface.

Description

Welding method and welding device
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding method and a welding device.
Background
The large thick plate structure is widely applied to the field of ships and aerospace. The welding groove form of the thick plate member is mainly a Y-shaped groove, and has the characteristics of high processing efficiency and low processing cost. However, the Y-shaped groove has the problems of large welding filling amount and low welding efficiency in the production of the thick plate member, and the Y-shaped groove of the thick plate member is a gap-changing groove, so that welding defects such as unfused, hump, weld flash and the like are easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a welding method and a welding device for alleviating the problem of poor fusion effect.
In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a welding method comprising the steps of:
the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil are controlled, so that the magnetic field acts on the continuously falling molten drops generated by the welding equipment, and the falling paths of the continuously falling molten drops are deflected by the magnetic field force.
In some embodiments, wherein the welding device comprises an arc welding device for producing a constantly falling droplet;
the welding method further comprises the following steps: the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil is also controlled to act on the electric arc emitted by the electric arc welding equipment, so that the emission direction of the electric arc is deflected by magnetic field force.
In some embodiments, the welding method further comprises the steps of: and adjusting the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove.
In some embodiments, the adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove includes:
and adjusting the magnetic field strength according to the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field strength so as to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the larger the magnetic field strength is.
In some embodiments, the adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove includes:
and adjusting the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency so as to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the larger the magnetic field direction switching frequency is.
In some embodiments, the adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove includes:
the welding groove is welded at least twice;
for the first welding, a control sensor detects a groove gap at the deepest part of a welding groove, and adjusts the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap at the deepest part;
for non-first welding, the control sensor detects the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface formed after the last welding is finished, and adjusts the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface.
In some embodiments, wherein the welding apparatus further comprises a laser welding apparatus;
the welding method further comprises the following steps: and controlling the laser welding equipment and the arc welding equipment to work simultaneously, and performing laser arc composite welding on the welding groove.
In some embodiments, the controlling the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil to cause the magnetic field to act on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding device to deflect the falling path of the continuously falling droplet under the magnetic field force includes:
controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil to be a first direction, so that the continuously falling molten drops are subjected to magnetic field force deflected to the first wall surface of the welding groove;
controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil to be a second direction, so that the continuously falling molten drops are subjected to magnetic field force biased to the second wall surface of the welding groove;
the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions, and the switching frequency of the first direction and the second direction is the magnetic field direction switching frequency.
In some embodiments, the controlling the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil to cause the magnetic field to act on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding device to deflect the falling path of the continuously falling droplet under the magnetic field force includes:
in the welding advancing process, the continuously falling molten drops are enabled to fall back and forth to the two wall surfaces of the welding groove.
In some embodiments, the welding method further comprises the steps of:
adjusting an extension line of a welding wire in the arc welding equipment to intersect with a reference line; adjusting the intersection of an extension line of a central shaft of the electromagnetic coil and a reference line; adjusting a laser action point generated by laser welding equipment to fall on a reference line; the reference line is a central line of the welding groove extending along the welding direction.
In some embodiments, the welding method further comprises the steps of: controlling the laser power of the laser welding equipment to be 4 kW-10 kW, and controlling the laser defocusing amount to be-5 mm to +5mm; the welding speed is 2 m/min-4 m/min; the distance between the laser action point of the laser welding device and the arc action point of the arc welding device on the reference line is 1 mm-3 mm.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, a welding apparatus is provided that includes a welding device configured to generate a constantly falling droplet, a solenoid, and a controller electrically connected to the solenoid and configured to implement the welding method described above.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a welding apparatus including:
a welding device configured to produce a constantly falling droplet; and
and the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the electromagnetic coil are adjustable, and the electromagnetic coil is configured to generate a magnetic field to act on the molten drops which continuously fall, so that the falling paths of the molten drops which continuously fall are deflected by the magnetic field force.
In some embodiments, the welding device further comprises a sensor configured to detect a groove gap of the welding groove for adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap.
In some embodiments, the welding apparatus further comprises a controller electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil, the controller configured to control a magnetic field strength and a magnetic field direction switching frequency of a magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil to cause the magnetic field to act on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding device to deflect a falling path of the continuously falling droplet by a magnetic field force.
In some embodiments, the welding device comprises an arc welding device configured to produce a constantly falling droplet.
In some embodiments, the welding apparatus further comprises a laser welding apparatus configured to operate concurrently with the arc welding apparatus to perform laser arc hybrid welding of the weld groove.
Based on the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
in some embodiments, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil acts on the continuously falling molten drop, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten drop is deflected by magnetic field force, the magnetic field directions are different, the directions of the magnetic field forces received by the molten drop are different, the deflection directions of the falling path of the molten drop are different, the magnetic field strengths are different, the magnetic field forces received by the molten drop are different, the deflection degrees of the falling path of the molten drop are different, and in the welding advancing process, the continuously falling molten drop can fall to the wall surface of each groove of a welding groove under the action of the magnetic field force, so that a good fusion effect of the wall surface of the groove is achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the present disclosure. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a weld groove provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of action of an alternating magnetic field provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a process of varying the path of a falling droplet subjected to magnetic field force provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operating positions of an arc welding apparatus and a laser welding apparatus during a welding operation provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a welding apparatus provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of operations for adjusting magnetic field strength and magnetic field direction switching frequency based on groove gap of a weld groove provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a golden phase diagram of a weld joint without a magnetic field and after application of an alternating magnetic field provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
The reference numbers in the drawings are as follows:
1-an electromagnetic coil;
2-an arc welding device; 21-welding wire; 22-welding gun; 23-power supply;
3-a sensor;
4-a laser welding device; 41-laser head; 42-a laser;
5-a controller;
100-welding grooves; 200-welding equipment; l-reference line; m-perpendicular.
It should be understood that the dimensions of the various elements shown in the figures are not drawn to actual scale. Further, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar members.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative, and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. The present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of parts and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments should be construed as exemplary only and not limiting unless otherwise specifically stated.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used in this disclosure, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises" and the like means that elements preceding the word encompass the elements recited after the word, and not exclude the possibility of also encompassing other elements. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
In this disclosure, when a particular device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be an intervening device between the particular device and either the first device or the second device. When it is described that a particular device is connected to other devices, the particular device may be directly connected to the other devices without intervening devices, or may be directly connected to the other devices without intervening devices.
All terms (including technical or scientific terms) used in this disclosure have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs, unless specifically defined otherwise. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
Referring to fig. 1, for the welding groove 100 provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the welding groove 100 in fig. 1 is a Y-groove, and of course, the form of the welding groove 100 is not limited to the Y-groove, but may be a U-groove, a V-groove, or an I-groove.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the thickness H1 of the plate on which the Y groove is located is in the range of 12mm to 24mm. The height H2 of the vertical section of the Y-shaped groove ranges from 4mm to 8mm. The range of groove gap x at the deepest part of the Y-shaped groove is 0 mm-1.5 mm. The opening degree of the unilateral groove is 12-20 degrees.
The Y-shaped groove has the problems of large welding filling quantity and low welding efficiency in the production of the thick plate member, and the Y-shaped groove of the thick plate member is a gap-changing groove, so that welding defects such as unfused, hump, weld flash and the like are easy to occur.
Based on this, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a welding method and a welding apparatus for alleviating the problem of poor fusion effect.
In some embodiments, the welding method comprises the steps of:
the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 are controlled so that the magnetic field acts on the continuously falling molten droplets generated by the welding apparatus 200, so that the falling paths of the continuously falling molten droplets are deflected by the magnetic field force.
Referring to fig. 2, a comparison of magnetic field forces in different directions experienced by a droplet produced by a welding apparatus 200 in opposite magnetic field directions is shown.
In the above embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 acts on the continuously falling molten drop, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten drop is deflected by the magnetic field force, the magnetic field directions are different, the directions of the magnetic field forces to which the molten drop is subjected are different, the deflection directions of the falling path of the molten drop are different, the magnetic field strengths are different, the magnetic field forces to which the molten drop is subjected are different, and the deflection degrees of the falling path of the molten drop are different, and in the welding advancing process, the continuously falling molten drop can fall to each groove wall surface of the welding groove 100 under the action of the magnetic field force, thereby achieving good fusion effect of the groove wall surfaces.
And under the condition of changing the gap between the bevel edges, good fusion effect of the wall surface of the bevel edge can still be achieved by adjusting the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency, the groove processing precision of a large complex structural member is improved, and welding defects such as unfused welding, hump, weld flash and the like in the welding of the gap between the bevel edges are relieved.
Furthermore, by setting the magnetic field direction switching frequency, the magnetic field direction is switched back and forth, so that the stress direction of the continuously falling molten drops is periodically changed, the continuously falling molten drops periodically swing, and the wall surfaces of all the grooves of the welding groove can be periodically attached, and the good groove wall surface fusion effect is achieved.
The welding method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is not only suitable for welding thick plates, but also suitable for welding thin plates.
The welding method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is not only suitable for the Y-shaped groove, but also suitable for the U-shaped groove, the V-shaped groove, the I-shaped groove and the like.
In some embodiments, the welding apparatus 200 includes an arc welding apparatus 2, the arc welding apparatus 2 being configured to produce a constantly falling droplet.
The welding method further comprises the following steps: the magnetic field generated by the control electromagnetic coil 1 also acts on the arc emitted by the arc welding apparatus 2 so that the emission direction of the arc is deflected by the magnetic field force.
In the above embodiment, the magnetic field direction switching frequency is set to enable the magnetic field direction to be switched back and forth, so that the stress direction of the continuously falling molten drops and the stress direction of the electric arc can be periodically changed, the continuously falling molten drops and the electric arc can be periodically swung under the influence of the magnetic field, and the molten drops can be periodically attached to the wall surfaces of all the grooves of the welding groove 100 after swinging, thereby achieving a good groove wall surface fusion effect. And the periodic swing of the electric arc and the continuously falling molten drops can improve the adaptability of the welding method provided by the embodiment to the variable slope gap. Furthermore, the periodic oscillation of the electric arc can also reduce the size of the molten drops, so that the small molten drops are easier to oscillate periodically along with the electric arc, and the molten drops can better attach to the wall surface of the groove for transition, thereby relieving the problem of unfused groove wall surface.
In addition, the arc subjected to the magnetic control swing can also generate stirring effect on a molten pool, and the effects of crushing dendrites and refining tissues can be achieved. Meanwhile, the stirring action of the swinging electric arc on the molten pool is beneficial to the escape of air holes, the reduction of the porosity, the improvement of the welding quality and the alleviation of the problem of more air holes generated by thick plate welding.
In some embodiments, the welding method further comprises the step of adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency based on the groove gap of welding groove 100.
In the above embodiment, the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction are adjusted according to the groove gap of the welding groove 100, so that the welding groove 100 is suitable for the welding groove 100 with a variable groove gap, and meets the welding quality requirements such as the suitability of the groove gap, so that the welding defects such as unfused welding, hump welding and weld puddle welding can be reduced, the welding efficiency is improved, the adaptability of the narrow groove gap is higher, the consumption of consumable materials is greatly reduced, and the time and energy cost are saved.
In some embodiments, adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of welding groove 100 includes:
and adjusting the magnetic field strength according to the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field strength so as to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the larger the magnetic field strength is.
In the above embodiment, the larger the groove gap of the welding groove 100, the larger the swing amplitude of the droplet to be dropped is required, and therefore, the larger the required magnetic field strength is, the larger the magnetic field strength is, and the larger the magnetic field force generated on the droplet is, so that the droplet to be dropped can be deflected to a large extent, and the welding groove 100 is suitable for a larger groove gap. Similarly, the smaller the groove gap of the welding groove 100, the smaller the swing amplitude of the droplet to be dropped, and therefore, the smaller the required magnetic field strength, the smaller the magnetic field force generated on the droplet, and the smaller the deflection of the droplet to be dropped can be generated, and the welding groove 100 is suitable for the smaller groove gap.
In some embodiments, the groove gap can be a linear or nonlinear function as a function of magnetic field strength.
In some embodiments, the groove gap as a function of magnetic field strength may be fitted by sets of experimental data of groove gap and magnetic field strength. For example: and obtaining the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field strength by adopting a parabolic fitting method or a least square fitting method and the like.
In some embodiments, the parabolic fitting method is used to fit the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field strength through experimental data of multiple groups of groove gaps and magnetic field strength, as follows:
H＝F(x)＝Ax n +bx+c, wherein,
x is the groove gap of weld groove 100;
h is the magnetic field strength;
A. b and C are constant terms.
Wherein, the value range of A is 8-12, the value range of B is 8-12, and n is an integer greater than 1. The value of C is not limited and is determined by the plate thickness.
Alternatively, A has a value of 10, B has a value of 10, and n has a value of 2. The groove gap is a function of the magnetic field strength: h=f (x) =10x 2 +10x+C。
With the increase of the groove gap, a larger magnetic field intensity is needed to control the swing of the continuously falling molten drop and electric arc, and the relationship between the increment of the swing and the magnetic field intensity is nonlinear, so that the method is suitable for the welding groove 100 with a variable groove gap, and meets the welding quality requirements such as the suitability of the groove gap.
In some embodiments, adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of welding groove 100 includes:
and adjusting the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency so as to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the larger the magnetic field direction switching frequency is.
In the above embodiment, the larger the groove gap of the welding groove 100, the more times the droplet is required to swing back and forth for dripping, therefore, the larger the required magnetic field direction switching frequency is, the larger the magnetic field direction switching frequency is, the more times the droplet can swing back and forth for dripping in unit time, and the method is suitable for larger groove gaps. Similarly, the smaller the groove gap of the welding groove 100, the fewer the droplets need to swing continuously to and fro, so the smaller the required magnetic field direction switching frequency, the smaller the magnetic field direction switching frequency, the fewer the droplets can swing continuously to and fro in unit time, and the welding groove is suitable for the smaller groove gap.
In some embodiments, the groove gap as a function of the magnetic field direction switching frequency may be a linear or a nonlinear function.
In some embodiments, the groove gap as a function of the magnetic field direction switching frequency may be fitted by sets of experimental data of the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency. For example: and obtaining the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency by adopting a parabolic fitting method or a least square fitting method and the like.
In some embodiments, the parabolic fitting method is used to fit the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency by using experimental data of multiple groups of groove gaps and magnetic field direction switching frequency, as follows:
f＝F(x)＝Dx n +Ex; wherein,
x is the groove gap of weld groove 100;
f is the magnetic field direction switching frequency;
d and E are constant terms.
Wherein, the value range of D is 3-6,E, the value range of D is 3-6, and n is an integer greater than 1.
Optionally, D takes a value of 5, e takes a value of 5, and n takes a value of 2. The functional relationship between groove gap and magnetic field direction switching frequency is: f=f (x) =5x 2 +5x。
As the groove gap increases, a greater switching frequency of the magnetic field direction is required to accommodate the groove gap, otherwise poor fusion can result with a large groove gap.
In some embodiments, adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of welding groove 100 includes:
the welding groove 100 is welded at least twice;
for the first welding, the control sensor 3 detects the groove gap at the deepest part of the welding groove 100, and adjusts the magnetic field direction switching frequency and the magnetic field intensity according to the groove gap at the deepest part;
for non-first welding, the control sensor 3 detects the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface formed after the last welding is completed, and adjusts the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface.
The groove gap corresponding to the welding surface formed after the last welding is finished is the deepest groove gap of the groove to be welded.
Because the groove depth is large for the welding groove of the thick plate member, the welding groove can be welded by at least two welding methods. For each welding, the deepest groove gap of the groove of one incomplete welding is detected correspondingly so as to redetermine the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency. Along the direction of the deepest part of the welding groove to the shallower part, the groove gap of the Y-shaped groove is larger and larger, so that the continuously falling molten drops need to swing more greatly with higher magnetic field intensity, and the continuously and repeatedly swinging and dropping of the molten drops need to be realized with higher magnetic field direction switching frequency.
In some embodiments, the welding apparatus 200 further comprises a laser welding apparatus 4.
The welding method further comprises the following steps: the laser welding apparatus 4 and the arc welding apparatus 2 are controlled to operate simultaneously, and laser-arc hybrid welding is performed on the welding groove 100.
As a high-energy beam welding method, the laser welding has the characteristics of high energy density and small heat input, and has remarkable advantages in the field of thick plate welding.
By adopting a laser-electric arc composite welding method, two heat sources of laser and electric arc are combined, so that larger welding penetration can be obtained, and high-efficiency and high-quality welding can be realized.
In some embodiments, controlling the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 to cause the magnetic field to act on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding apparatus 200 to deflect the falling path of the continuously falling droplet by the magnetic field force, includes:
controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil 1 to be a first direction, so that the continuously falling molten drops are subjected to magnetic field force biased to the first wall surface of the welding groove 100;
controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil 1 to be a second direction, so that the continuously falling molten drops are subjected to magnetic field force biased to the second wall surface of the welding groove 100;
the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions, and the switching frequency of the first direction and the second direction is the magnetic field direction switching frequency.
Referring to FIG. 3, t 0 The moment is that the electric arc and the molten drop are in the first direction in the magnetic field direction, are biased towards the first wall surface and are biased towards the last moment of the first wall surface, the molten drop falling onto the first wall surface at the moment is the falling position where the whole falling process is biased towards the first wall surface and generates the maximum swing amplitude, the side wall transition with the maximum swing amplitude is realized at the moment that the deflection position reaches the extreme value, the direction of the magnetic field is also changed reversely from the moment, the molten drop and the electric arc are initially biased towards the second wall surface, the molten drop which does not fall onto the groove wall surface is initially deflected towards the second wall surface, and the molten drop is cooled down to the second wall surfaceAt +.>The droplets have been deflected all the way to the second wall, at +.>At this time, the deflection position of the arc and the droplet reaches an extreme value on the second wall, the droplet achieves a maximum-amplitude sidewall transition on the second wall, and at the same time, the magnetic field direction is inverted again, the droplet and the arc start to receive the acting force biased toward the first wall, and the arc is deflected to the first wall, at->At (1) the molten droplets have not deflected to the first wall and have fallen to the second wall, at +.> At (3) the droplet has been deflected all the way to the first wall surface at t 0 At the moment of +T, the deflection positions of the electric arc and the molten drop reach the extreme value on the first wall surface, and the magnetic field direction is reversely converted again, so that the high-frequency swing welding is realized and the good groove wall surface transition is realized.
In some embodiments, controlling the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 to cause the magnetic field to act on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding apparatus 200 to deflect the falling path of the continuously falling droplet by the magnetic field force, includes:
during the welding process, the continuously falling molten droplets are caused to reciprocally fall back and forth to both wall surfaces of the welding groove 100.
In the above embodiment, the stress direction of the continuously falling droplet and the electric arc is periodically changed, the continuously falling droplet and the electric arc can periodically swing under the influence of the magnetic field, and the droplet can periodically attach to each groove wall of the welding groove 100 after swinging, so as to achieve a good groove wall fusion effect.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the welding method further comprises the steps of:
adjusting an extension line of a welding wire in the arc welding device 2 to intersect with the reference line L;
an extension line of the central axis of the electromagnetic coil 1 is adjusted to intersect with the reference line L;
adjusting the laser action point generated by the laser welding equipment 4 to fall on a reference line L;
reference line L is a center line of welding groove 100 extending in the welding direction.
In the above embodiment, by adjusting the position of the welding wire of the arc welding apparatus 2, the position of the electromagnetic coil 1, and the position of the laser action point generated by the laser welding apparatus 4, a better welding effect can be achieved.
In some embodiments, the angle a1 between the extension line of the welding wire in the arc welding apparatus 2 and the vertical line M is 35 °, but is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the angle a2 between the laser light generated by the laser welding apparatus 4 and the vertical line M is 5 °, but is not limited thereto.
The perpendicular line M is perpendicular to the reference line L.
In some embodiments, the welding method further comprises the steps of: controlling the laser power of the laser welding equipment 4 to be 4 kW-10 kW, and controlling the laser defocusing amount to be-5 mm to +5mm; the welding speed is 2 m/min-4 m/min; the distance between the laser action point of the laser welding apparatus 4 and the arc action point of the arc welding apparatus 2 on the reference line L is 1mm to 3mm.
The laser action point of the laser welding apparatus 4, the arc action point of the arc welding apparatus 2, and the moving speed of the electromagnetic coil 1 in the welding direction coincide with the welding speed.
Referring to fig. 6, in some embodiments, the welding method includes the steps of:
cleaning and polishing a welding groove of a plate to be welded;
clamping and fixing the plate to be welded by using a clamp;
setting welding process parameters;
the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the electromagnetic coil are set so as to control the swing amplitude and swing period of the electric arc and the molten drop;
performing laser arc hybrid welding operation;
the welding groove is welded at least twice, the groove gap at the front side of the laser spot is detected by a sensor before the last welding is finished and the next welding is carried out, and the detected groove gap data is transmitted back to a controller (computer);
and the controller (computer) resets the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the electromagnetic coil according to the received data transmission instruction of the groove gap so as to adjust the swing amplitude and the swing period of the electric arc and the molten drop and realize good adaptation of the swing amplitude and the groove gap.
The arc and the molten drop can periodically swing under the influence of the magnetic field, and the molten drop can periodically attach to the groove walls at two sides of the welding groove to be transited after swinging, so that a good side wall fusion effect is achieved.
In some embodiments, the welding method comprises the steps of:
1) After cleaning and polishing a welding groove of a plate to be welded, clamping and fixing the plate to be welded by using a clamp, and placing the plate to be welded on a welding workbench surface;
installing a corresponding welding device, and adjusting the intersection of an extension line of a welding wire in the arc welding equipment 2 and a reference line L; an extension line of the central axis of the electromagnetic coil 1 is adjusted to intersect with the reference line L; the laser action point generated by the laser welding apparatus 4 is adjusted to fall on the reference line L.
2) Setting welding process parameters, and setting the laser power of the laser welding equipment 4 to be 4 kW-10 kW and the laser defocusing amount to be-5 mm to +5mm; the welding speed is 2 m/min-4 m/min; the distance between the laser action point of the laser welding device 4 and the arc action point of the arc welding device 2 on the reference line L is 1 mm-3 mm;
the initial magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency are set according to the groove gap at the deepest portion of the initial welding groove 100. Referring to fig. 2, for the principle of action of the alternating magnetic field on the arc and the droplet during welding, the dotted arrows indicate the current direction, and the solid arrows indicate the force direction of the arc and the droplet. The direction of the induction line changes in one period.
In the first half period, the magnetic induction wire is opposite to the welding direction and points to the rear of welding, the current direction is led to the welding gun by the substrate, and according to the left hand rule, the electric arc is subjected to left force perpendicular to the current direction, so that the electric arc and the molten drop deflect and transition to the wall surface of one side groove of the welding groove.
In the latter half period, the magnetic induction wire is in the same direction as the welding direction and points to the welding direction, the current direction is led to the welding gun by the substrate, at the moment, according to the left hand rule, the electric arc can receive rightward force perpendicular to the current direction, the electric arc and the molten drop are deflected oppositely to the former half period, and the electric arc and the molten drop are transited to the groove wall surface at the other side of the welding groove.
3) Performing laser arc hybrid welding, wherein a sensor 3 detects the groove gap of a welding groove 100 at a position to be welded in real time in the welding process, and transmits the detected groove gap data back to a controller;
4) The controller calls a function to adjust the magnetic field strength, and the specific call function is h=f (x) =10x 2 +10x+C, x is the groove gap of weld groove 100 detected by sensor 3, H is the magnetic field strength, and C is a constant term that is used as a load to optimize the weld quality of the different materials. As groove gap increases, a greater magnetic field strength is required to control the arc swing, while the relationship between the increase in swing and the magnetic field strength is nonlinear, preferably the above functional relationship.
Meanwhile, the calling function f=f (x) =5x 2 +5x to adjust the magnetic field direction switching frequency, as the groove gap increases, a higher frequency of oscillation frequency f is required to accommodate the groove gap, otherwise poor fusion can result in a large groove gap.
5) The controller receives the data of the groove gap of the welding groove 100 and then sends an instruction to the magnetic control equipment, and adjusts the magnetic field intensity to further control the magnetic field force suffered by the molten drop and the electric arc, so that the swing amplitude of the electric arc and the molten drop is controlled to continuously further adapt to the welding work, and the good adaptation of the swing amplitude and the groove gap can be realized all the time in the welding process.
The droplet swing during the actual welding process is shown in FIG. 3, t 0 The moment is the moment when the deflection positions of the arc and the molten drop reach the extreme value, the side wall transition with the maximum amplitude is realized at the moment, the direction of the magnetic field is also changed reversely from the moment, the arc and the molten drop start to receive the force in the opposite direction, the molten drop starts to deflect to the other side, and the direction of the magnetic field is changed to the opposite direction, so that the direction of the magnetic field is changed to the opposite directionAt the moment, the deflection positions of the arc and the molten drop reach the extreme value at the other side, the molten drop realizes the side wall transition with the maximum amplitude at the other side, and meanwhile, the magnetic field direction is reversely changed again, so that the arc and the molten drop are repeatedly started, the high-frequency swing welding is realized, and the good side wall transition is realized.
Referring to fig. 7, the left graph is a golden phase diagram of a welded joint to which an alternating magnetic field is not applied, and the right graph is a golden phase diagram of a welded joint to which an alternating magnetic field is applied. The welding joint in the left graph generates air holes and unfused defects, the unfused size is large and reaches millimeter level, the influence on the performance of the actual welding joint is extremely serious and severe, the metallographic phase of the joint after the alternating magnetic field is applied is shown in the right graph, the welding seams of the multi-pass welding are uniform and tidy, and the air holes and unfused defects are not found. Meanwhile, the cover welding beads of the two are observed from the figure, a slight undercut defect appears in the metallography of the welding joint without the alternating magnetic field, and the welding joint with the alternating magnetic field is smoother, has smooth transition with the base metal and has no undercut defect. The alternating magnetic field is favorable for spreading of the molten pool so as to realize smooth transition between the welding seam and the base metal.
Referring to fig. 5, some embodiments of the present application also provide a welding apparatus comprising a welding device 200, a solenoid 1, and a controller 5, the welding device 200 being configured to generate a constantly falling droplet, the controller 5 being electrically connected to the solenoid 1, and the controller 5 being configured to implement the welding method as in any of the embodiments described above.
Referring to fig. 5, some embodiments of the present application also provide a welding apparatus including:
a welding device 200 configured to produce a constantly falling droplet; and
the magnetic coil 1 has a magnetic field intensity and a magnetic field direction switching frequency adjustable, and the magnetic coil 1 is configured to generate a magnetic field to act on the continuously falling molten drop so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten drop is deflected by the magnetic field force.
In some embodiments, the welding apparatus further comprises a sensor 3, the sensor 3 being configured to detect a groove gap of the welding groove 100 for adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap.
In some embodiments, the welding apparatus further comprises a controller 5, the controller 5 being electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil 1, the controller 5 being configured to control the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 such that the magnetic field acts on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding device 200 such that the falling path of the continuously falling droplet is deflected by the magnetic field force.
The controller 5 may be a computer readable storage medium.
In some embodiments, the welding apparatus 200 includes an arc welding apparatus 2, the arc welding apparatus 2 being configured to produce constantly falling droplets.
In some embodiments, the arc welding apparatus 2 includes a welding gun 22, a power source 23, and a welding wire 21. The welding wire 21 is mounted on the welding gun 22, and a power source 23 is used to power the welding gun 22 so as to cause the welding gun 22 to emit an arc.
In some embodiments, welding apparatus 200 further comprises a laser welding apparatus 4, laser welding apparatus 4 configured to operate concurrently with arc welding apparatus 2, and laser arc hybrid welding is performed on weld groove 100.
In some embodiments, the laser welding apparatus 4 includes a laser head 41 and a laser 42, the laser 42 being configured to generate laser light, the laser head 41 being configured to emit the laser light generated by the laser 42.
The welding device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is used for realizing the welding method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, so that the welding device has the beneficial effects of the welding method correspondingly.
Based on the various embodiments of the disclosure described above, features of one embodiment may be beneficially combined with one or more other embodiments without explicit negation or conflict.
Although some specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail by way of example, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments may be modified and equivalents substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (17)

1. A method of welding comprising the steps of:
the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) are controlled to enable the magnetic field to act on the continuously-falling molten drops generated by the welding equipment (200), so that the falling paths of the continuously-falling molten drops are deflected by magnetic field force.
2. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein the welding device (200) comprises an arc welding device (2), the arc welding device (2) being adapted to produce constantly falling droplets;
the welding method further comprises the following steps: the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) is controlled to act on the electric arc emitted by the electric arc welding equipment (2) so as to deflect the emission direction of the electric arc under the force of the magnetic field.
3. The welding method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of: the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency are adjusted according to the groove gap of the welding groove (100).
4. A welding method according to claim 3, wherein said adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove (100) comprises:
and adjusting the magnetic field strength according to the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field strength so as to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the larger the magnetic field strength is.
5. The welding method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove (100) comprises:
and adjusting the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency so as to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the larger the magnetic field direction switching frequency is.
6. The welding method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove (100) comprises:
the welding groove (100) is welded at least twice;
for the first welding, a control sensor (3) detects the groove gap at the deepest part of a welding groove (100), and adjusts the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap at the deepest part;
for non-first welding, the control sensor (3) detects the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface formed after the last welding is finished, and adjusts the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface.
7. The welding method according to claim 2, wherein the welding device (200) further comprises a laser welding device (4);
the welding method further comprises the following steps: and controlling the laser welding equipment (4) and the arc welding equipment (2) to work simultaneously, and performing laser arc composite welding on the welding groove (100).
8. The welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, wherein controlling the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) to cause the magnetic field to act on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding apparatus (200) to deflect the falling path of the continuously falling droplet by the magnetic field force, comprises:
controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil (1) to be a first direction, so that the continuously falling molten drops are subjected to magnetic field force deflected to the first wall surface of the welding groove (100);
controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil (1) to be a second direction, so that the continuously falling molten drops are subjected to magnetic field force deflected to the second wall surface of the welding groove (100);
the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions, and the switching frequency of the first direction and the second direction is the magnetic field direction switching frequency.
9. The welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, wherein controlling the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) to cause the magnetic field to act on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding apparatus (200) to deflect the falling path of the continuously falling droplet by the magnetic field force, comprises:
in the welding advancing process, the continuously falling molten drops are made to fall back and forth to the two wall surfaces of the welding groove (100).
10. The welding method as recited in claim 7, further comprising the step of:
adjusting an extension line of a welding wire in the arc welding equipment (2) to intersect with the reference line (L); an extension line of a central axis of the electromagnetic coil (1) is adjusted to intersect with the reference line (L); adjusting a laser action point generated by the laser welding equipment (4) to fall on a reference line (L); the reference line (L) is a central line of the welding groove (100) extending along the welding direction.
11. The welding method as recited in claim 10, further comprising the step of: controlling the laser power of the laser welding equipment (4) to be 4 kW-10 kW, and controlling the laser defocusing amount to be-5 mm to +5mm; the welding speed is 2 m/min-4 m/min; the distance between the laser action point of the laser welding device (4) and the arc action point of the arc welding device (2) on the reference line (L) is 1 mm-3 mm.
12. Welding apparatus comprising a welding device (200), a solenoid (1) and a controller (5), the welding device (200) being configured to generate a continuously falling droplet, the controller (5) being electrically connected to the solenoid (1), and the controller (5) being configured to implement the welding method of any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. A welding device, comprising:
a welding device (200) configured to produce a constantly falling droplet; and
and the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the electromagnetic coil (1) are adjustable, and the electromagnetic coil (1) is configured to generate a magnetic field to act on the continuously-falling molten drops so as to deflect the falling paths of the continuously-falling molten drops under the force of the magnetic field.
14. The welding device of claim 13, further comprising a sensor (3), the sensor (3) being configured to detect a groove gap of the welding groove (100) for adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency in accordance with the groove gap.
15. The welding apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a controller (5), the controller (5) being electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil (1), the controller (5) being configured to control a magnetic field strength and a magnetic field direction switching frequency of a magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) such that the magnetic field acts on the constantly falling droplet generated by the welding device (200) such that a falling path of the constantly falling droplet is deflected by a magnetic field force.
16. The welding apparatus of claim 15, wherein the welding device (200) comprises an arc welding device (2), the arc welding device (2) being configured to produce constantly falling droplets.
17. The welding apparatus of claim 16, wherein the welding device (200) further comprises a laser welding device (4), the laser welding device (4) being configured to operate simultaneously with the arc welding device (2) for laser arc hybrid welding of the weld groove (100).
CN202311038403.0A 2023-08-17 2023-08-17 Welding method and welding device Pending CN117066694A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311038403.0A CN117066694A (en) 2023-08-17 2023-08-17 Welding method and welding device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311038403.0A CN117066694A (en) 2023-08-17 2023-08-17 Welding method and welding device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117066694A true CN117066694A (en) 2023-11-17

Family

ID=88707411

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311038403.0A Pending CN117066694A (en) 2023-08-17 2023-08-17 Welding method and welding device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN117066694A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN108213649B (en) Material increase forming method and device for magnetic field control type electric arc robot
CN112388164B (en) Alternating-current magnetic field assisted laser deep fusion welding method for reducing aluminum alloy weld joint air holes
CN103769746B (en) A kind of impulse magnetic field auxiliary laser welding method and equipment
JP3753657B2 (en) Twin spot pulse laser welding method and apparatus
CN110961789A (en) Laser scanning-vibration hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method
JP2006224130A (en) Composite welding method of laser beam and metal argon gas (mag) arc
CN110238528B (en) Laser-hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method for normal wire feeding
CN113146046A (en) Ultrahigh-power laser-arc/welding wire double-swing welding method and device
CN109562491A (en) The method of Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys system and Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys
JP5721205B2 (en) Plasma arc multi-layer welding method and magnetic material excitation apparatus used for plasma arc multi-layer welding
CN110814552A (en) Scanning galvanometer laser-high frequency pulse TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method
CN104588846A (en) Method and device for increasing TIG welding electric arc energy density
CN111673219A (en) Welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire
CN114406462B (en) Laser welding system and light spot track control method thereof
CN107363407B (en) A kind of method that multifocal dot laser reinforces electric arc combined weldering
CN114226973A (en) Laser welding apparatus and control method thereof
TW201815501A (en) Metal molded body surface roughening method
CN113941777A (en) Thick plate ultrahigh-power laser scanning-high-frequency pulse deep melting TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method
CN117066694A (en) Welding method and welding device
CN113146047A (en) Laser-electric arc hybrid welding equipment and welding method for aluminum alloy
CN108515266B (en) Method for high-frequency vibration-assisted laser welding of aluminum alloy
CN114799587B (en) Composite welding method and device for silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composite
RU2826227C1 (en) Welding method and welding machine
CN109202293B (en) Processing method for laser-induced arc cladding of high-boron wear-resistant alloy
CN105618933A (en) High-efficiency and high-quality laser-micro-plasma hybrid welding method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: DE

Ref document number: 40095445

Country of ref document: HK