CN117066694A - Welding method and welding device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a welding method and a welding device. Wherein, the welding method includes the following steps: controlling the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil, so that the magnetic field acts on the continuously falling molten droplets generated by the welding equipment, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets is affected by the magnetic field force Deflection occurs. The magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil acts on the falling droplets, causing the falling path of the falling droplets to be deflected by the magnetic field force. The direction of the magnetic field is different. The direction of the magnetic field force exerted on the droplets is different. The deflection direction of the falling path of the molten droplets is different. The strength of the magnetic field is different, the magnetic force on the droplet is different, and the degree of deflection of the droplet's falling path is different. During the welding process, the falling droplet can fall to each slope of the welding groove under the action of the magnetic field force. The groove wall surface can achieve a good fusion effect on the groove wall surface.

Description

Welding methods and welding devices

Technical field

The present disclosure relates to the field of welding technology, and in particular, to a welding method and a welding device.

Background technique

Large thick plate structures are widely used in shipbuilding and aerospace fields. The welding groove form of thick plate components is mostly Y-shaped groove, which has the characteristics of high processing efficiency and low processing cost. However, the Y-shaped groove in the production of thick plate components has problems such as large welding filling volume and low welding efficiency. Moreover, the Y-shaped groove of thick plate components is a variable gap groove, which is prone to welding defects such as unfusion, humps, and welding burrs. .

Contents of the invention

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a welding method and a welding device to alleviate the problem of poor fusion effect.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, a welding method is provided, including the following steps:

The magnetic field strength and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil are controlled so that the magnetic field acts on the falling droplets generated by the welding equipment, so that the falling path of the falling droplets is deflected by the force of the magnetic field.

In some embodiments, wherein the welding device includes an arc welding device configured to generate continuously falling molten droplets;

The welding method further includes: controlling the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil to also act on the arc emitted by the arc welding equipment, so that the emission direction of the arc is deflected by the force of the magnetic field.

In some embodiments, the welding method further includes the following steps: adjusting the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove.

In some embodiments, adjusting the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove includes:

According to the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field intensity, the magnetic field intensity is adjusted to satisfy the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the greater the magnetic field intensity will be.

In some embodiments, adjusting the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove includes:

According to the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency, the magnetic field direction switching frequency is adjusted to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the greater the magnetic field direction switching frequency will be.

In some embodiments, adjusting the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove includes:

Complete the welding groove in at least two passes;

For the first welding, the control sensor detects the deepest groove gap of the welding groove, and adjusts the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the deepest groove gap;

For non-first-time welding, the sensor is controlled to detect the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface formed after the last welding, and the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency are adjusted according to the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface.

In some embodiments, the welding equipment further includes laser welding equipment;

The welding method also includes: controlling the laser welding equipment and the arc welding equipment to work simultaneously, and performing laser arc hybrid welding on the welding groove.

In some embodiments, the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil are controlled so that the magnetic field acts on the continuously falling molten droplets generated by the welding equipment, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets is affected by the magnetic field force. Deflections occur, including:

The magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil is controlled to be the first direction, so that the falling molten droplets are subject to the magnetic field force biased toward the first wall of the welding groove;

Control the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil to the second direction, so that the falling molten droplets are subject to the magnetic field force biased toward the second wall of the welding groove;

Wherein, the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions, and the switching frequency between the first direction and the second direction is the magnetic field direction switching frequency.

In some embodiments, the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil are controlled so that the magnetic field acts on the continuously falling molten droplets generated by the welding equipment, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets is affected by the magnetic field force. Deflections occur, including:

During the advancement of welding, the falling molten droplets fall back and forth to the two walls of the welding groove.

In some embodiments, the welding method further includes the following steps:

Adjust the extension line of the welding wire in the arc welding equipment to intersect with the reference line; adjust the extension line of the central axis of the electromagnetic coil to intersect with the reference line; adjust the laser action point generated by the laser welding equipment to fall on the reference line; where the reference line is the welding The centerline of the groove extending along the direction of welding.

In some embodiments, the welding method further includes the following steps: controlling the laser power of the laser welding equipment to 4kW~10kW, the laser defocus amount to -5mm~+5mm; the welding speed to 2m/min~4m/min; the laser welding equipment The distance between the laser action point and the arc action point of the arc welding equipment on the reference line is 1mm to 3mm.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a welding device is provided, including a welding device, an electromagnetic coil, and a controller, the welding device is configured to generate continuously falling molten droplets, the controller is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil, and The controller is configured to implement the above welding method.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a welding device is provided, including:

Welding equipment configured to produce continuously falling molten droplets; and

The electromagnetic coil has adjustable magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency. The electromagnetic coil is configured to generate a magnetic field that acts on the falling molten droplets, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets is deflected by the force of the magnetic field.

In some embodiments, the welding device further includes a sensor configured to detect the groove gap of the welding groove, so as to adjust the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap.

In some embodiments, the welding device further includes a controller, the controller is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil, and the controller is configured to control the magnetic field strength and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil, so that the magnetic field Acting on the continuously falling molten droplets generated by the welding equipment, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets is deflected by the magnetic field force.

In some embodiments, the welding device includes an arc welding device configured to generate continuously falling molten droplets.

In some embodiments, the welding equipment further includes laser welding equipment, and the laser welding equipment is configured to work simultaneously with the arc welding equipment to perform laser arc hybrid welding on the welding groove.

Based on the above technical solutions, the present disclosure has at least the following beneficial effects:

In some embodiments, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil acts on the falling droplets, causing the falling path of the falling droplets to be deflected by the magnetic field force. The direction of the magnetic field is different, and the direction of the magnetic field force experienced by the droplets is different. The deflection direction of the droplet's falling path is different, the magnetic field strength is different, the magnetic field force on the droplet is different, and the deflection degree of the droplet's falling path is different. During the welding process, the falling droplet can fall to Weld each groove wall of the groove to achieve a good fusion effect of the groove wall.

Description of the drawings

The drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain the present disclosure and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present disclosure. In the attached picture:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a welding groove provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of alternating magnetic field provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the process in which the falling path of continuously falling molten droplets changes due to magnetic field force according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the working positions of arc welding equipment and laser welding equipment during welding operations according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a welding device provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Figure 6 is a workflow diagram for adjusting the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency based on the groove gap of the welding groove provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Figure 7 is a metallographic diagram of a welded joint without a magnetic field and after applying an alternating magnetic field according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

The labels in the drawings are explained as follows:

1-Electromagnetic coil;

2-Arc welding equipment; 21-Welding wire; 22-Welding gun; 23-Power supply;

3-sensor;

4-laser welding equipment; 41-laser head; 42-laser;

5-Controller;

100-welding groove; 200-welding equipment; L-reference line; M-vertical line.

It should be understood that the dimensions of the various components shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual proportions. In addition, the same or similar reference numbers indicate the same or similar components.

Detailed ways

Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is illustrative only and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application or uses. The present disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangements of parts and steps, compositions of materials, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these examples are to be construed as illustrative only and not as limitations.

"First," "second," and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. Similar words such as "include" or "include" mean that the elements before the word include the elements listed after the word, and do not exclude the possibility of also covering other elements. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to express relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

In this disclosure, when a specific device is described as being between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be an intervening device between the specific device and the first device or the second device. When a specific device is described as being connected to another device, the specific device may be directly connected to the other device without an intervening device, or may not be directly connected to the other device but with an intervening device.

All terms (including technical terms or scientific terms) used in this disclosure have the same meanings as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in, for example, general dictionaries should be construed to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant technology and should not be interpreted in an idealized or highly formalized sense, except as expressly stated herein. Define it this way.

Techniques, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods and devices should be considered a part of the specification.

Referring to Figure 1, a welding groove 100 is provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The welding groove 100 in Figure 1 is a Y-shaped groove. Of course, the form of the welding groove 100 is not limited to a Y-shaped groove and can also be a U-shaped groove. Bevel, V-shaped groove or I-shaped groove, etc.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the thickness H1 of the plate where the Y-shaped groove is located ranges from 12 mm to 24 mm. The height H2 of the vertical section of the Y-shaped groove ranges from 4mm to 8mm. The deepest groove gap x of the Y-shaped groove ranges from 0mm to 1.5mm. The single-side bevel opening is 12°~20°.

The Y-shaped groove in the production of thick plate components has the problems of large welding filling volume and low welding efficiency. Moreover, the Y-shaped groove of thick plate components is a variable gap groove, which is prone to welding defects such as unfusion, humps, and welding nodules.

Based on this, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide welding methods and welding devices to alleviate the problem of poor fusion effect.

In some embodiments, the welding method includes the following steps:

The magnetic field strength and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 are controlled so that the magnetic field acts on the falling droplets generated by the welding equipment 200, so that the falling path of the falling droplets is deflected by the force of the magnetic field.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a comparison diagram of the magnetic field forces in different directions received by the droplets generated by the welding equipment 200 under opposite magnetic field directions is shown.

In the above embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 acts on the continuously falling molten droplets, causing the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets to be deflected by the magnetic field force. The magnetic field direction is different, and the magnetic field force received by the molten droplets is in different directions. The deflection direction of the droplet's falling path is different, the magnetic field strength is different, the magnetic field force on the droplet is different, and the deflection degree of the droplet's falling path is different. During the welding process, the falling droplet can fall under the action of the magnetic field force. to each groove wall surface of the welding groove 100, thereby achieving a good fusion effect of the groove wall surfaces.

Moreover, in the case of variable groove gap, by adjusting the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency, a good fusion effect of the groove wall can still be achieved, improving the groove processing accuracy of large and complex structural parts, and easing the problem of variable groove gap welding Welding defects such as lack of fusion, humps and welding burrs.

Furthermore, by setting the magnetic field direction switching frequency and switching the magnetic field direction back and forth, the force direction of the falling droplets can be periodically changed, and the falling droplets can oscillate periodically, which can periodically fit the various edges of the welding groove. Bevel wall surface to achieve good bevel wall fusion effect.

The welding method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is not only suitable for thick plate welding, but also suitable for thin plate welding.

The welding method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is not only suitable for Y-shaped grooves, but also for U-shaped grooves, V-shaped grooves or I-shaped grooves.

In some embodiments, the welding device 200 includes an arc welding device 2 for generating falling molten droplets.

The welding method also includes: controlling the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 to also act on the arc emitted by the arc welding equipment 2, so that the emission direction of the arc is deflected by the force of the magnetic field.

In the above embodiment, the magnetic field direction switching frequency is set to switch the magnetic field direction back and forth, so that the force direction of the falling droplets and arcs can be periodically changed, and the falling droplets and arcs can swing periodically under the influence of the magnetic field. , after swinging, the molten droplets can periodically adhere to each groove wall surface of the welding groove 100, thereby achieving a good groove wall fusion effect. Moreover, the periodic swing of the arc and the continuously falling molten droplets can improve the adaptability of the welding method provided in this embodiment to the variable groove gap. Furthermore, the periodic swing of the arc can also reduce the size of the droplets, making it easier for the small droplets to swing periodically with the arc. Such droplet behavior can make it better fit the groove wall transition, thereby easing the The problem of the groove wall not being fused.

In addition, the magnetically controlled arc can stir the molten pool, break dendrites, and refine the structure. At the same time, the stirring effect of the swinging arc on the molten pool is conducive to the escape of pores, which is beneficial to reducing the porosity, improving the welding quality, and alleviating the problem of more pores caused by thick plate welding.

In some embodiments, the welding method further includes the following steps: adjusting the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove 100 .

In the above embodiment, the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction are adjusted according to the groove gap of the welding groove 100, which is suitable for the welding groove 100 with variable groove gap, meets the welding quality requirements such as groove gap adaptability, and can reduce unfusion. It can eliminate welding defects such as humps and welding flashes, improve welding efficiency, have higher adaptability to narrow groove gaps, greatly reduce the consumption of consumables, and save time and energy costs.

In some embodiments, the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency are adjusted according to the groove gap of the welding groove 100, including:

According to the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field intensity, the magnetic field intensity is adjusted to satisfy the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the greater the magnetic field intensity will be.

In the above embodiment, the larger the groove gap of the welding groove 100 is, the greater the swing amplitude of the continuously falling molten droplets is. Therefore, the greater the required magnetic field intensity is. The greater the magnetic field intensity, the greater the magnetic field force generated on the molten droplets. The larger it is, the larger the deflection of the falling droplets can be, which is suitable for larger groove gaps. In the same way, the smaller the groove gap of the welding groove 100 is, the smaller the swing amplitude of the falling molten droplets is. Therefore, the smaller the required magnetic field intensity is, the smaller the magnetic field intensity is and the smaller the magnetic field force generated on the molten droplets is. It can deflect the falling molten droplets to a small extent and is suitable for small groove gaps.

In some embodiments, the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field intensity may be a linear functional relationship or a nonlinear functional relationship.

In some embodiments, the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field intensity can be fitted through multiple sets of experimental data on the groove gap and the magnetic field intensity. For example: use the parabola fitting method or the least squares fitting method to obtain the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field intensity.

In some embodiments, through multiple sets of experimental data of groove gaps and magnetic field intensity, a parabolic fitting method is used to fit the functional relationship between groove gaps and magnetic field intensity, as follows:

H＝F(x)＝Ax ⁿ +Bx+C, where,

x is the groove gap of welding groove 100;

H is the magnetic field strength;

A, B and C are constant terms.

Among them, the value range of A is 8 to 12, the value range of B is 8 to 12, and n is an integer greater than 1. The value of C is not limited and is determined according to the plate thickness.

Optionally, the value of A is 10, the value of B is 10, and n is 2. The functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field intensity is: H=F(x)=10x ² +10x+C.

As the groove gap increases, greater magnetic field strength is needed to control the falling droplets and arc swing. The relationship between the increment of the swing amplitude and the magnetic field strength is nonlinear, which is suitable for welding with variable groove gap. The groove is 100, which meets the welding quality requirements such as groove gap adaptability.

In some embodiments, the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency are adjusted according to the groove gap of the welding groove 100, including:

According to the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency, the magnetic field direction switching frequency is adjusted to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the greater the magnetic field direction switching frequency will be.

In the above embodiment, the larger the groove gap of the welding groove 100 is, the more times the molten droplets need to swing back and forth to drip. Therefore, the greater the required frequency of switching the direction of the magnetic field, the greater the frequency of switching the direction of the magnetic field, and the larger the frequency of switching the direction of the magnetic field. It can achieve more continuous back-and-forth swing drops per unit time, and is suitable for larger groove gaps. In the same way, the smaller the groove gap of the welding groove 100 is, the fewer times the molten droplets need to continuously swing back and forth to drip. Therefore, the smaller the required frequency of switching the direction of the magnetic field is, the smaller the frequency of switching the direction of the magnetic field is. It can achieve fewer continuous back and forth swing drops and is suitable for smaller groove gaps.

In some embodiments, the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency may be a linear functional relationship or a nonlinear functional relationship.

In some embodiments, the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency can be fitted through multiple sets of experimental data on the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency. For example: use the parabola fitting method or the least squares fitting method to obtain the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency.

In some embodiments, through multiple sets of experimental data of the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency, a parabolic fitting method is used to fit the functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency, as follows:

f=F(x)=Dx ⁿ +Ex; where,

x is the groove gap of welding groove 100;

f is the magnetic field direction switching frequency;

D and E are constant terms.

Among them, the value range of D is 3 to 6, the value range of E is 3 to 6, and n is an integer greater than 1.

Optionally, the value of D is 5, the value of E is 5, and n is 2. The functional relationship between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency is: f=F(x)=5x ² +5x.

As the groove gap increases, a greater magnetic field direction switching frequency is required to adapt to the groove gap, otherwise poor fusion will occur under a large groove gap.

In some embodiments, the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency are adjusted according to the groove gap of the welding groove 100, including:

Weld the welding groove 100 times at least twice;

For the first welding, the control sensor 3 detects the deepest groove gap of the welding groove 100, and adjusts the magnetic field direction switching frequency and magnetic field intensity according to the deepest groove gap;

For non-first welding, the sensor 3 is controlled to detect the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface formed after the last welding, and adjust the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface.

The groove gap corresponding to the welding surface formed after the last welding is the deepest groove gap of the groove that needs to be welded this time.

For the welding groove of thick plate components, the welding groove can be welded in at least two times due to the large depth of the groove. Each time a welding is completed, the deepest groove gap of the unfinished welding groove is detected in order to re-determine the magnetic field strength and magnetic field direction switching frequency. Along the direction from the deepest part of the welding groove to the shallower part, the groove gap of the Y-shaped groove will become larger and larger. Therefore, a higher magnetic field strength is needed to make the falling droplets swing to a greater extent, and a larger magnetic field is required. The direction switching frequency causes the molten droplets to swing back and forth more times.

In some embodiments, welding device 200 also includes laser welding device 4.

The welding method also includes: controlling the laser welding equipment 4 and the arc welding equipment 2 to work simultaneously, and performing laser-arc hybrid welding on the welding groove 100 .

As a high-energy beam welding method, laser welding has the characteristics of high energy density and small heat input, and has significant advantages in the field of thick plate welding.

The laser-arc hybrid welding method combines the two heat sources of laser and arc to obtain larger welding penetration and achieve efficient and high-quality welding.

In some embodiments, the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 are controlled so that the magnetic field acts on the continuously falling molten droplets generated by the welding equipment 200, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets is affected by the magnetic field force. Deflections occur, including:

The direction of the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil 1 is controlled to be the first direction, so that the falling molten droplets are subject to the magnetic field force biased toward the first wall of the welding groove 100;

Control the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil 1 to the second direction, so that the falling molten droplets are subject to the magnetic field force biased toward the second wall of the welding groove 100;

Wherein, the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions, and the switching frequency between the first direction and the second direction is the magnetic field direction switching frequency.

Referring to Figure 3, time t ₀ is the state at the last moment when the arc and the molten droplet are in the first direction of the magnetic field and are biased towards the first wall by the force biased towards the first wall. The molten droplet falling on the first wall at this moment is the entire During the falling process, the magnetic field force is biased towards the first wall, resulting in the falling position with the maximum swing amplitude. At the moment when the deflection position reaches the extreme value, the maximum side wall transition is achieved, and the direction of the magnetic field also changes in the opposite direction from this moment on. The molten droplet and arc begin to experience the magnetic field force deflected toward the second wall, and the molten droplet that has not fallen to the groove wall begins to deflect toward the second wall. At the moment, some droplets have not yet been deflected to the second wall but have already dropped to the first wall. At/> At the moment, the droplets have all been deflected to the second wall, at/> At the moment, the deflection position of the arc and the molten droplet reaches the extreme value on the second wall, and the molten droplet achieves the maximum sidewall transition on the second wall. At the same time, the direction of the magnetic field changes in the opposite direction again, and the molten droplet and the arc begin to be affected by The force biased towards the first wall, at/> At the moment, some droplets have not yet been deflected to the first wall, but have already dropped to the second wall. At/> At the moment , the droplets have all been deflected to the first wall. At the moment t ₀ +T, the deflection positions of the arc and the droplets reach the extreme value on the first wall, and at the same time, the direction of the magnetic field changes in the opposite direction again, and so on. , realize high-frequency swing welding and achieve good groove wall transition.

In some embodiments, the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1 are controlled so that the magnetic field acts on the continuously falling molten droplets generated by the welding equipment 200, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets is affected by the magnetic field force. Deflections occur, including:

During the progress of the welding, the continuously falling molten droplets are caused to fall back and forth to both walls of the welding groove 100 .

In the above embodiment, the force direction of the falling droplets and the arc changes periodically. The falling droplets and the arc can swing periodically under the influence of the magnetic field. After swinging, the droplets can periodically fit into the welding groove 100. Each groove wall surface can achieve good groove wall fusion effect.

Referring to Figure 4, in some embodiments, the welding method further includes the following steps:

Adjust the extension line of the welding wire in the arc welding equipment 2 to intersect with the reference line L;

Adjust the extension line of the central axis of the electromagnetic coil 1 to intersect the reference line L;

Adjust the laser action point generated by the laser welding equipment 4 to fall on the reference line L;

The reference line L is the center line of the welding groove 100 extending along the welding direction.

In the above embodiment, by adjusting the position of the welding wire of the arc welding device 2, the position of the electromagnetic coil 1, and the position of the laser action point generated by the laser welding device 4, a better welding effect can be achieved.

In some embodiments, the angle a1 between the extension line of the welding wire in the arc welding equipment 2 and the vertical line M is 35°, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the angle a2 between the laser generated by the laser welding equipment 4 and the vertical line M is 5°, but is not limited thereto.

The vertical line M is perpendicular to the reference line L.

In some embodiments, the welding method further includes the following steps: controlling the laser power of the laser welding equipment 4 to 4kW~10kW, the laser defocus amount to -5mm~+5mm; the welding speed to 2m/min~4m/min; laser welding The distance between the laser action point of the equipment 4 and the arc action point of the arc welding equipment 2 on the reference line L is 1 mm to 3 mm.

The moving speeds of the laser action point of the laser welding equipment 4, the arc action point of the arc welding equipment 2 and the electromagnetic coil 1 along the welding direction are consistent with the welding speed.

Referring to Figure 6, in some embodiments, the welding method includes the following steps:

Clean and polish the welding grooves of the plates to be welded;

Clamp and fix the plates to be welded with clamps;

Welding process parameter setting;

The magnetic field strength and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the electromagnetic coil are set to control the swing amplitude and period of the arc and droplets;

Carry out laser arc hybrid welding operations;

The welding groove is welded at least twice. After the last welding is completed, before the next welding, the groove gap on the front side of the laser spot is detected by the sensor, and the detected groove gap data is sent back to the controller. (computer);

The controller (computer) sends instructions based on the data received from the groove gap, and resets the magnetic field strength and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the electromagnetic coil to adjust the swing amplitude and period of the arc and droplets to achieve the swing amplitude and groove gap. good adaptation.

The arc and the molten droplet can swing periodically under the influence of the magnetic field. After swinging, the molten droplet can periodically fit the groove wall transition on both sides of the welding groove, thereby achieving a good side wall fusion effect.

In some specific embodiments, the welding method includes the following steps:

1) After cleaning and polishing the welding groove of the plate to be welded, clamp and fix the plate to be welded with a clamp and place it on the welding work surface;

Install the corresponding welding device, adjust the extension line of the welding wire in the arc welding equipment 2 to intersect with the reference line L; adjust the extension line of the central axis of the electromagnetic coil 1 to intersect with the reference line L; adjust the laser action point generated by the laser welding equipment 4 falls on the reference line L.

2) Set the welding process parameters, set the laser power of the laser welding equipment 4 to 4kW ~ 10kW, the laser defocus amount to -5mm ~ +5mm; the welding speed to 2m/min ~ 4m/min; the laser effect of the laser welding equipment 4 The distance between the point and the arc action point of the arc welding equipment 2 on the reference line L is 1 mm to 3 mm;

The initial magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency are set according to the deepest groove gap of the initial welding groove 100 . Refer to Figure 2, which shows the principle of the action of the alternating magnetic field on the arc and the droplets during the welding process. The dotted arrows indicate the direction of the current, and the solid arrows indicate the force directions of the arc and the droplets. Within a cycle, the direction of the magnetic field lines changes.

In the first half cycle, the magnetic field lines are opposite to the welding direction and point to the rear of the welding, while the current direction is from the substrate to the welding gun. According to the left-hand rule, the arc will be subject to a leftward force perpendicular to the direction of the current, so that the arc and melt The droplet is deflected and transitions to the groove wall on one side of the welding groove.

In the second half of the cycle, the magnetic field lines are in the same direction as the welding direction and point in the welding direction, and the current direction is from the substrate to the welding gun. At this time, according to the left-hand rule, the arc will be subject to a force to the right perpendicular to the direction of the current, and the arc and melt will The droplet deflects in the opposite direction to the first half cycle and transitions to the groove wall on the other side of the welding groove.

3) Perform laser arc hybrid welding. During the welding process, the sensor 3 detects the groove gap of the welding groove 100 at the to-be-welded position in real time, and transmits the detected groove gap data back to the controller;

4) The controller calls a function to adjust the magnetic field strength. The specific function call is H=F(x)=10x ² +10x+C, x is the groove gap of the welding groove 100 detected by sensor 3, H is the magnetic field strength, C is a constant term, and this parameter is used as a loading quantity to optimize the welding quality of different materials. As the groove gap increases, greater magnetic field strength is required to control the arc swing, and the relationship between the swing amplitude increment and the magnetic field strength is nonlinear, and the above functional relationship is preferred.

At the same time, the function f=F(x)=5x ² +5x is called to adjust the magnetic field direction switching frequency. As the groove gap increases, a higher frequency swing frequency f is required to adapt to the groove gap. Otherwise, the large groove gap will Will cause poor fusion.

5) After receiving the data of the groove gap of the welding groove 100, the controller sends instructions to the magnetic control equipment to adjust the magnetic field strength to further control the magnetic field force on the molten droplet and the arc, thereby controlling the swing amplitude of the arc and the molten droplet to continue. To further adapt to the welding work, a good adaptation of the swing amplitude and the groove gap can always be achieved during the welding process.

The droplet swing in the actual welding process is shown in Figure 3. The t ₀ moment is the moment when the deflection position of the arc and the droplet reaches the extreme value. At this moment, the maximum sidewall transition is achieved, and the direction of the magnetic field also starts from this moment. With the reverse change, the arc and the droplet begin to receive forces in opposite directions, and the droplet begins to deflect to the other side. moment, at this time, the deflection position of the arc and the droplet reaches the extreme value on the other side, the droplet achieves the maximum sidewall transition on the other side, and at the same time, the direction of the magnetic field changes in the opposite direction again, and so on again and again, achieving high-frequency Wobble welding for a good sidewall transition.

Referring to Figure 7, the left picture is a metallographic diagram of a welded joint without applying an alternating magnetic field, and the right picture is a metallographic diagram of a welded joint with an alternating magnetic field applied. The welded joint in the picture on the left has pores and unfused defects, and the unfused size is large, reaching the millimeter level. This has an extremely serious and harsh impact on the performance of the actual welded joint, and after applying an alternating magnetic field The metallographic image of the joint is as shown in the picture on the right. The welds of the multi-pass welding are uniform and neat, and no pores or unfusion defects are found. At the same time, from the observation of the cover welds of the two in the figure, there is a slight undercut defect in the metallographic phase of the welded joint without application of alternating magnetic field, while in the joint with application of alternating magnetic field, the weld is smoother and consistent with the parent material. The material transition is smooth and there are no undercut defects. The alternating magnetic field is conducive to the spread of the molten pool to achieve a smooth transition between the weld and the base metal.

Referring to Figure 5, some embodiments of the present application also provide a welding device, which includes a welding device 200, an electromagnetic coil 1 and a controller 5. The welding device 200 is configured to generate continuously falling molten droplets, and the controller 5 is electrically connected The electromagnetic coil 1 and the controller 5 are configured to implement the welding method as in any of the above embodiments.

Referring to Figure 5, some embodiments of the present application also provide a welding device, which includes:

Welding equipment 200 configured to produce continuously falling molten droplets; and

The magnetic field strength and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the electromagnetic coil 1 are adjustable. The electromagnetic coil 1 is configured to generate a magnetic field that acts on the falling molten droplets, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets is deflected by the force of the magnetic field.

In some embodiments, the welding device further includes a sensor 3, which is configured to detect the groove gap of the welding groove 100, so as to adjust the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap.

In some embodiments, the welding device further includes a controller 5. The controller 5 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil 1. The controller 5 is configured to control the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 1, so that the magnetic field acts on the welding. The equipment 200 generates continuously falling molten droplets, so that the falling path of the continuously falling molten droplets is deflected by the force of the magnetic field.

The controller 5 may be a computer-readable storage medium.

In some embodiments, the welding device 200 includes an arc welding device 2 configured to generate continuously falling molten droplets.

In some embodiments, the arc welding device 2 includes a welding gun 22 , a power source 23 and a welding wire 21 . The welding wire 21 is installed on the welding gun 22, and the power supply 23 is used to supply power to the welding gun 22 so that the welding gun 22 emits an arc.

In some embodiments, the welding equipment 200 further includes a laser welding equipment 4. The laser welding equipment 4 is configured to work simultaneously with the arc welding equipment 2 to perform laser arc hybrid welding on the welding groove 100.

In some embodiments, the laser welding equipment 4 includes a laser head 41 and a laser 42. The laser 42 is used to generate laser light, and the laser head 41 is used to emit the laser light generated by the laser 42.

The welding device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is used to implement the welding method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, and therefore has the beneficial effects of the welding method accordingly.

Based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical features of one embodiment may be beneficially combined with one or more other embodiments without explicit negation or conflict.

Although some specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail through examples, those skilled in the art will understand that the above examples are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments can be modified or some technical features can be equivalently replaced without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (17)

1. A method of welding comprising the steps of:

the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) are controlled to enable the magnetic field to act on the continuously-falling molten drops generated by the welding equipment (200), so that the falling paths of the continuously-falling molten drops are deflected by magnetic field force.

2. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein the welding device (200) comprises an arc welding device (2), the arc welding device (2) being adapted to produce constantly falling droplets;

the welding method further comprises the following steps: the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) is controlled to act on the electric arc emitted by the electric arc welding equipment (2) so as to deflect the emission direction of the electric arc under the force of the magnetic field.

3. The welding method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of: the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency are adjusted according to the groove gap of the welding groove (100).

4. A welding method according to claim 3, wherein said adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove (100) comprises:

and adjusting the magnetic field strength according to the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field strength so as to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the larger the magnetic field strength is.

5. The welding method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove (100) comprises:

and adjusting the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the functional relation between the groove gap and the magnetic field direction switching frequency so as to meet the requirement that the larger the groove gap is, the larger the magnetic field direction switching frequency is.

6. The welding method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap of the welding groove (100) comprises:

the welding groove (100) is welded at least twice;

for the first welding, a control sensor (3) detects the groove gap at the deepest part of a welding groove (100), and adjusts the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap at the deepest part;

for non-first welding, the control sensor (3) detects the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface formed after the last welding is finished, and adjusts the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency according to the groove gap corresponding to the welding surface.

7. The welding method according to claim 2, wherein the welding device (200) further comprises a laser welding device (4);

the welding method further comprises the following steps: and controlling the laser welding equipment (4) and the arc welding equipment (2) to work simultaneously, and performing laser arc composite welding on the welding groove (100).

8. The welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, wherein controlling the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) to cause the magnetic field to act on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding apparatus (200) to deflect the falling path of the continuously falling droplet by the magnetic field force, comprises:

controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil (1) to be a first direction, so that the continuously falling molten drops are subjected to magnetic field force deflected to the first wall surface of the welding groove (100);

controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic coil (1) to be a second direction, so that the continuously falling molten drops are subjected to magnetic field force deflected to the second wall surface of the welding groove (100);

the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions, and the switching frequency of the first direction and the second direction is the magnetic field direction switching frequency.

9. The welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, wherein controlling the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) to cause the magnetic field to act on the continuously falling droplet generated by the welding apparatus (200) to deflect the falling path of the continuously falling droplet by the magnetic field force, comprises:

in the welding advancing process, the continuously falling molten drops are made to fall back and forth to the two wall surfaces of the welding groove (100).

10. The welding method as recited in claim 7, further comprising the step of:

adjusting an extension line of a welding wire in the arc welding equipment (2) to intersect with the reference line (L); an extension line of a central axis of the electromagnetic coil (1) is adjusted to intersect with the reference line (L); adjusting a laser action point generated by the laser welding equipment (4) to fall on a reference line (L); the reference line (L) is a central line of the welding groove (100) extending along the welding direction.

11. The welding method as recited in claim 10, further comprising the step of: controlling the laser power of the laser welding equipment (4) to be 4 kW-10 kW, and controlling the laser defocusing amount to be-5 mm to +5mm; the welding speed is 2 m/min-4 m/min; the distance between the laser action point of the laser welding device (4) and the arc action point of the arc welding device (2) on the reference line (L) is 1 mm-3 mm.

12. Welding apparatus comprising a welding device (200), a solenoid (1) and a controller (5), the welding device (200) being configured to generate a continuously falling droplet, the controller (5) being electrically connected to the solenoid (1), and the controller (5) being configured to implement the welding method of any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A welding device, comprising:

a welding device (200) configured to produce a constantly falling droplet; and

and the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field direction switching frequency of the electromagnetic coil (1) are adjustable, and the electromagnetic coil (1) is configured to generate a magnetic field to act on the continuously-falling molten drops so as to deflect the falling paths of the continuously-falling molten drops under the force of the magnetic field.

14. The welding device of claim 13, further comprising a sensor (3), the sensor (3) being configured to detect a groove gap of the welding groove (100) for adjusting the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field direction switching frequency in accordance with the groove gap.

15. The welding apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a controller (5), the controller (5) being electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil (1), the controller (5) being configured to control a magnetic field strength and a magnetic field direction switching frequency of a magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil (1) such that the magnetic field acts on the constantly falling droplet generated by the welding device (200) such that a falling path of the constantly falling droplet is deflected by a magnetic field force.

16. The welding apparatus of claim 15, wherein the welding device (200) comprises an arc welding device (2), the arc welding device (2) being configured to produce constantly falling droplets.

17. The welding apparatus of claim 16, wherein the welding device (200) further comprises a laser welding device (4), the laser welding device (4) being configured to operate simultaneously with the arc welding device (2) for laser arc hybrid welding of the weld groove (100).