CN117060748A - Single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on double-capacitance output structure - Google Patents
Single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on double-capacitance output structure Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
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Abstract
A single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on a double-capacitor output structure solves the problem that the existing flyback rectifier has larger loss caused by a rectifier bridge, and belongs to the topology field of single-stage single-phase bridgeless rectifiers. The invention comprises a bidirectional switch, an isolation transformer T and a diode D 1 ‑D 2 And output filter capacitor C dc1 ‑C dc2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the On the premise of not adding circuit complexity, the topology of the invention effectively removes a diode rectifier bridge at the alternating current input side, and a diode which works all the time does not exist on a current loop; the secondary side of the transformer adopts a double-capacitor output structure, two diodes are introduced in the structure, but the secondary side current only flows through one diode at any moment, so that the loss is small, and meanwhile, the voltage withstand requirement of the semiconductor device is relatively low; in addition, only one winding is needed on the secondary side of the transformer, the transformer has simple structure and easy manufacture, and meanwhile, the connection mode of the same name end of the transformer is more free, and the transformer is arranged at any one of the two sidesThe output voltages are positive in the connection mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on a double-capacitor output structure, and belongs to the field of single-stage single-phase bridgeless rectifier topologies.
Background
Compared with other isolation type converters, the flyback converter has the advantages of simple structure, small number of components, small volume, low cost and the like, and is widely applied to low-output power occasions such as LED drivers and the like as a front-stage rectifying circuit. In a traditional flyback converter, a rectifier diode is arranged on the secondary side of a transformer, the converter can only process direct current input, and a diode rectifier bridge circuit is introduced in front of the converter to rectify alternating current into direct current for alternating current input. Because of the introduction of the diode rectifier bridge, two diodes are always conducted on the current path, so that the efficiency of the flyback rectifier is generally lower in the application occasion of lower effective value of the input voltage.
Aiming at the problem that the secondary side current of the transformer in the flyback converter can only flow unidirectionally, the full-wave rectification and full-bridge rectification structure can be adopted to solve the problem at present. The full-wave rectifying circuit uses two diodes, the secondary side current only flows through one diode at any moment, the loss is small, but the device voltage withstand requirement is high, and the secondary side winding of the transformer has the defects of center tap and troublesome manufacturing; the full-bridge rectifier circuit transformer winding has a simple structure and relatively low device voltage-withstanding requirement, but has the defects that four diodes are used, the number of elements is large, the secondary side current always flows through two diodes at any time, and the loss is large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the loss of the existing flyback rectifier is large due to a rectifier bridge, the invention provides a single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on a double-capacitor output structure.
The invention relates to a single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on a double-capacitor output structure, which comprises a bidirectional switch, an isolation transformer T and a diode D 1 -D 2 And output filter capacitor C dc1 -C dc2 ；
The positive electrode of the input power supply is connected with one end of the two-way switch, the other end of the two-way switch is connected with the homonymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T, and the negative electrode of the input power supply is connected with the heteronymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T;
the synonym end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the diode D 1 Anode, diode D of (c) 2 Is connected with the cathode of the battery;
the same-name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the output filter capacitor C dc1 Negative electrode of (2) and output filter capacitor C dc2 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
diode D 1 Cathode, output filter capacitor C dc1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
output filter capacitor C dc2 Cathode of (D) diode D 2 Is connected to the anode of the battery.
The invention also provides a single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on the double-capacitor output structure, which comprises a bidirectional switch and an isolation transformer T, NMOS switch tube S 3 -S 4 And output filter capacitor C dc1 -C dc2 ；
The positive electrode of the input power supply is connected with one end of the two-way switch, the other end of the two-way switch is connected with the homonymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T, and the negative electrode of the input power supply is connected with the heteronymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T;
the synonym end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the NMOS switch tube S 3 Source electrode of (NMOS) switch tube S 4 Is connected with the drain electrode of the transistor;
the same-name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the output filter capacitor C dc1 Negative electrode of (2) and output filter capacitor C dc2 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
NMOS switch tube S 3 Drain electrode of (C), output filter capacitor (C) dc1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
output filter capacitor C dc2 Negative electrode of (2), NMOS switch tube S 4 Is connected to the source of the (c).
The same name end and different name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T in the two single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifiers based on the double-capacitor output structure can be exchanged.
Preferably, the maximum duty cycle
Wherein V is in_max Is the peak value of power frequency alternating voltage, V dc The primary and secondary side turns ratio of the isolation transformer T is 1 for load voltage.
Preferably, the inductance value of the excitation inductance of the isolation transformer T:
wherein d is duty cycle, V in_rms For inputting the effective value of the voltage, f S For switching frequency, P dc Is the output power.
The invention has the beneficial effects that on the premise of not adding circuit complexity, the topology of the invention effectively removes the diode rectifier bridge at the alternating current input side, and a diode which works all the time does not exist on a current loop; the secondary side of the transformer adopts a double-capacitor output structure, two diodes are introduced in the structure, but the secondary side current only flows through one diode at any moment, so that the loss is small, and meanwhile, the voltage withstand requirement of the semiconductor device is relatively low; in addition, only one winding is needed on the secondary side of the transformer, the transformer is simple in structure and easy to manufacture, meanwhile, the connection mode of the same-name ends of the transformer is more free, and the output voltage is positive in any connection mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a single-stage bridgeless isolated flyback rectifier based on a dual-capacitor output structure;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a single-stage bridgeless isolated flyback rectifier using synchronous rectifiers;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of waveforms for operation of the circuit during a switching cycle in the positive half cycle of the input voltage;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of three modes of operation of the circuit in the positive half cycle of the input voltage, wherein FIG. 4 (a) is mode I, FIG. 4 (b) is mode II, and FIG. 4 (c) is mode III;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the main operating waveforms of the circuit in one switching cycle in the negative half cycle of the input voltage;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of three modes of operation of the circuit in the negative half cycle of the input voltage, wherein FIG. 6 (a) is mode IV, FIG. 6 (b) is mode V, and FIG. 6 (c) is mode VI;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the discharge path of the transformer when the secondary side is terminated at the midpoint of the capacitor, wherein FIG. 7 (a) is the positive half cycle of the input voltage and FIG. 7 (b) is the negative half cycle of the input voltage;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the discharge path of the transformer when the secondary side is terminated at the midpoint of the diode, wherein FIG. 8 (a) is the positive half cycle of the input voltage and FIG. 8 (b) is the negative half cycle of the input voltage;
FIG. 9 is a graph of input side waveforms and spectra at 50V/50Hz AC input and 100V/50W output, wherein FIG. 9 (a) is a graph of input voltage and current waveforms, and FIG. 9 (b) is a graph of input voltage and current spectra;
fig. 10 shows a switching tube S 1 、S 2 A two-terminal voltage waveform diagram;
FIG. 11 shows a diode D 1 、D 2 A waveform diagram of the voltage at two ends.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
As shown in fig. 1, the single-stage bridgeless isolated flyback rectifier based on the dual-capacitor output structure of the embodiment is applied to low-output power occasions such as LED driversComprising an inverse series power switch tube S 1 And S is equal to 2 Isolation transformer T (excitation inductance L) m Primary-secondary side turns ratio n 1), diode D 1 And D 2 Output filter capacitor C dc1 And C dc2 . The positive pole of the input power supply is connected with one end of a two-way switch, the other end of the two-way switch is connected with the homonymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T, the negative pole of the input power supply is connected with the heteronymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T, and the heteronymous end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with a diode D 1 Anode, diode D of (c) 2 Is connected with the cathode of the battery; the same-name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the output filter capacitor C dc1 Negative electrode of (2) and output filter capacitor C dc2 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; diode D 1 Cathode, output filter capacitor C dc1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; output filter capacitor C dc2 Cathode of (D) diode D 2 Is connected to the anode of the battery.
Considering the problem of high loss caused by high diode conduction voltage drop during low-voltage and high-current output, a synchronous rectifying tube can be used for replacing a secondary diode of a transformer in the proposed topology, as shown in fig. 2, the on-state resistance of the synchronous rectifying tube is extremely low, the rectifying loss is small, but an additional control loop is needed.
Before analyzing the working principle of the proposed rectifier, the following description is made:
1) The rectifier operates in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM);
2) The semiconductor device, the inductor and the capacitor are ideal components, and the influences of parasitic parameters, conduction voltage drop and the like are not considered;
3) Output filter capacitor C dc1 、C dc2 The capacitance is equal and large enough, the capacitance partial pressure is equal, i.e. v Cdc1 ＝v Cdc2 ＝V dc /2；
4) Switching frequency f S Far greater than the power frequency of the power grid, the switching period T S The internal input voltage is regarded as a constant value V in 。
The reverse series power switching tube is regarded as a bidirectional switching tube and is driven by the same control signal. According to the positive and negative of the alternating-current input voltage and the action condition of the bidirectional switch tube, 6 different working modes exist in total in the proposed rectifier. The working waveform of the circuit in the positive half cycle of the input voltage is shown in fig. 3, and the corresponding working mode diagram is shown in fig. 4; the negative half cycle internal circuit operation waveform is shown in fig. 5, and the corresponding operation mode diagram is shown in fig. 6.
Modality I-charging phase as shown in fig. 4 (a): the mode starts from a bidirectional switch tube S 1 And S is equal to 2 The turn-on time. Transformer excitation inductance L m The voltage at both ends is +V in The input current rises linearly in the positive direction, and the primary side of the transformer stores energy; the secondary side diode is in an off state due to bearing back pressure, and the load is formed by an output filter capacitor C dc1 、C dc2 Providing energy.
Mode II-discharge phase, as shown in fig. 4 (b): the mode starts from a bidirectional switch tube S 1 And S is equal to 2 At the off time, the input current is 0. Diode D 1 Conduction and transformer excitation inductance L m The stored energy is passed through secondary winding up filter capacitor C dc1 And load release, secondary side current drops linearly.
Mode III-off phase, as shown in fig. 4 (c): the mode starts from the moment when the secondary side current drops to zero, the energy of the transformer is completely released, the secondary side diode is in an off state due to bearing back pressure, and the load is formed by an output filter capacitor C dc1 、C dc2 Providing energy.
Modality IV-charging phase as shown in fig. 6 (a): the mode starts from a bidirectional switch tube S 1 And S is equal to 2 The turn-on time. Transformer excitation inductance L m The voltage at both ends is-V in The input current rises in a reverse linear way, and the primary side of the transformer stores energy; the secondary side diode is in an off state due to bearing back pressure, and the load is formed by an output filter capacitor C dc1 、C dc2 Providing energy.
Mode V-discharge phase, as shown in fig. 6 (b): the mode starts from a bidirectional switch tube S 1 And S is equal to 2 At the off time, the input current is 0. Diode D 2 Conduction and transformer excitation inductance L m The stored energy is filtered down through the secondary windingCapacitor C dc2 And load release, secondary side current drops linearly.
Mode vi—off phase, as shown in fig. 6 (c): the mode starts from the moment when the secondary side current drops to zero, the energy of the transformer is completely released, the secondary side diode is in an off state due to bearing back pressure, and the load is formed by an output filter capacitor C dc1 、C dc2 Providing energy.
The working principle of the rectifier is known that the circuit has three stages of charging, discharging and turning off the transformer in one switching period. When the bidirectional switch tube is turned off, the primary side current of the transformer reaches the peak value i S_max Expressed as:
wherein L is m The inductance value of the excitation inductance of the transformer is represented, and d is the system duty cycle.
The bi-directional switching tube is then turned off all the time, thereby obtaining an expression of the average value of the bi-directional switching tube current in the switching period:
with power frequency AC voltage v ac ＝V in_max sin (ωt) replaces V in the above in The input current expression is obtained:
wherein V is in_max Is the peak value of the power frequency alternating voltage. It can be seen that after the excitation inductance parameter and the switching frequency of the transformer are determined, the input current can track the input voltage by adopting a fixed duty ratio control method and change in a sine rule, and the control circuit is simple.
Considering the similarity of the working processes, switch onClosing tube S 1 Diode D 2 The maximum back pressure is born in the positive half cycle discharge stage of the input voltage, and the switching tube S 2 Diode D 1 The maximum back pressure is born in the negative half cycle discharge stage of the input voltage, and the voltage stress can be expressed as follows:
as can be seen from the above formula, compared with the prior flyback rectifier switching tube, the voltage stress (V in_max +nV dc ) The voltage stress of the rectifier switching tube is relatively low, and the reduction of the switching tube on loss is facilitated.
In addition, unlike the existing flyback rectifier topology, the connection mode of the transformer homonymous ends in the topology of the embodiment is more free, the output voltage is positive in any connection mode, the secondary side homonymous ends of the transformer are connected to the midpoint of the capacitor, and the discharging current paths of the output side under the midpoint of the half bridge are shown in fig. 7 and 8. When the secondary side is connected with the midpoint of the capacitor in the same name, the transformer passes through the diode D under the positive input voltage 1 Upward output filter capacitor C dc1 And load side discharge, the transformer passes through diode D at negative input voltage 2 Downward output filter capacitor C dc2 And a load side discharge, the output voltage polarity being positive; when the secondary side is connected with the midpoint of the half bridge in the same name, the transformer passes through the diode D under the positive input voltage 2 Downward output filter capacitor C dc2 And load side discharge, the transformer passes through diode D at negative input voltage 1 Upward output filter capacitor C dc1 And the load side discharges, the output voltage polarity is still positive.
The proposed rectifier topology uses fewer components, has a simple circuit structure, and designs transformer parameters in the circuit. To achieve complete discharge of the energy stored by the transformer to the output side, the rectifier is operated in DCM, thus achieving a maximum duty cycle d of the system max Is not limited to the design requirements of the (c).
The expression of the maximum duty cycle is obtained according to the above expression:
based on the formula (3), an inductance value calculation formula of the excitation inductance of the transformer is obtained:
wherein V is in_rms As the effective value of the input voltage, P dc Is the output power. Therefore, the excitation inductance parameter of the transformer can be obtained based on the limiting condition of the maximum duty ratio according to the input and output index parameters of the rectifier. Taking the power frequency input of 50V/50Hz and the output of 100V/50W as an example, the design and description of the parameters of the transformer are carried out.
The switching frequency is set to 50kHz, the transformer transformation ratio n=2, the maximum duty cycle is determined:
taking the duty ratio d=0.5, obtaining the transformer excitation inductance L according to the formula (7) m Is a function of the inductance value of the capacitor.
Based on the parameters of the transformer, the single-stage bridgeless isolated flyback rectifier is subjected to simulation verification. As shown in fig. 9, the input side power factor correction condition is that the peak value of the input current of the rectifier is sinusoidal and follows the change of the input voltage waveform, the harmonic content of the input current on the surface of the voltage-current spectrogram of fig. 9 (b) is extremely low, the power factor correction effect is good, the effective value of the input current is 1A and corresponds to 50W of power, and the correctness of the transformer parameter design is proved.
The waveforms of the voltage across the primary side switching tube and the voltage across the secondary side diode of the transformer are shown in fig. 10 and 11, and it can be seen that the switching tube S is in the positive half cycle of the input voltage 2 Always in the on state, switch tube S 1 Working; during the negative half cycle of the input voltage, switch tube S 1 Always in the on state, switch tube S 2 Work, measuring switch tube S 1 、S 2 The maximum bearing pressure is 171V, and the theoretical value V in_max +nV dc And/2 is the same. Diode D 1 、D 2 The voltages at two ends are symmetrical, and the diode D is measured 3 、D 4 The maximum bearing pressure is 100V, and the theoretical value V dc The same applies.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. The single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on the double-capacitor output structure is characterized by comprising a bidirectional switch, an isolation transformer T and a diode D 1 -D 2 And output filter capacitor C dc1 -C dc2 ；
The positive electrode of the input power supply is connected with one end of the two-way switch, the other end of the two-way switch is connected with the homonymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T, and the negative electrode of the input power supply is connected with the heteronymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T;
the synonym end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the diode D 1 Anode, diode D of (c) 2 Is connected with the cathode of the battery;
the same-name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the output filter capacitor C dc1 Negative electrode of (2) and output filter capacitor C dc2 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
diode D 1 Cathode of (C) and output filter capacitor C dc1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
output filter capacitor C dc2 Cathode of (D) and diode D 2 Is connected to the anode of the battery.
2. Single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on double-capacitor output structure, which is characterized by comprising a bidirectional switch and an isolation transformer T, NMOS switch tube S 3 -S 4 And output filter capacitor C dc1 -C dc2 ；
The positive electrode of the input power supply is connected with one end of the two-way switch, the other end of the two-way switch is connected with the homonymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T, and the negative electrode of the input power supply is connected with the heteronymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T;
the synonym end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the NMOS switch tube S 3 Source electrode of (NMOS) switch tube S 4 Is connected with the drain electrode of the transistor;
the same-name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the output filter capacitor C dc1 Negative electrode of (2) and output filter capacitor C dc2 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
NMOS switch tube S 3 Drain electrode of (C) and output filter capacitor C dc1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
output filter capacitor C dc2 Negative pole and NMOS switch tube S 4 Is connected to the source of the (c).
3. The single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on the double-capacitor output structure is characterized by comprising a bidirectional switch, an isolation transformer T and a diode D 1 -D 2 And output filter capacitor C dc1 -C dc2 ；
The positive electrode of the input power supply is connected with one end of the two-way switch, the other end of the two-way switch is connected with the homonymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T, and the negative electrode of the input power supply is connected with the heteronymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T;
the same name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the diode D 1 Anode, diode D of (c) 2 Is connected with the cathode of the battery;
the different name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the output filter capacitor C dc1 Negative electrode of (2) and output filter capacitor C dc2 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
diode D 1 Cathode of (C) and output filter capacitor C dc1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
output filter capacitor C dc2 Cathode of (D) and diode D 2 Is connected to the anode of the battery.
4. Single-stage bridgeless isolation flyback rectifier based on double-capacitor output structure, which is characterized by comprising a bidirectional switch and an isolation transformer T, NMOS switch tube S 3 -S 4 And output filter capacitor C dc1 -C dc2 ；
The positive electrode of the input power supply is connected with one end of the two-way switch, the other end of the two-way switch is connected with the homonymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T, and the negative electrode of the input power supply is connected with the heteronymous end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T;
the same name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the NMOS switch tube S 3 Source electrode of (NMOS) switch tube S 4 Is connected with the drain electrode of the transistor;
the different name end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer T is simultaneously connected with the output filter capacitor C dc1 Negative electrode of (2) and output filter capacitor C dc2 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
NMOS switch tube S 3 Drain electrode of (C) and output filter capacitor C dc1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
output filter capacitor C dc2 Negative pole and NMOS switch tube S 4 Is connected to the source of the (c).
5. The dual capacitor output structure based single stage bridgeless isolated flyback rectifier of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the maximum duty cycle
Wherein V is in_max Is the peak value of power frequency alternating voltage, V dc The primary and secondary side turns ratio of the isolation transformer T is 1 for load voltage.
6. The single-stage bridgeless isolated flyback rectifier based on a dual capacitive output structure according to claim 5, wherein the inductance of the excitation inductance of the isolation transformer T is:
wherein d is duty cycle, V in_rms For inputting the effective value of the voltage, f S For switching frequency, P dc Is the output power.
7. The single-stage bridgeless isolated flyback rectifier of claim 5 wherein the rectifier operates in discontinuous conduction mode.
8. The single-stage bridgeless isolated flyback rectifier of claim 5 wherein the bi-directional switching tubes are reverse series power switching tubes and are driven with the same control signal.
9. The single-stage bridgeless isolated flyback rectifier of claim 5 wherein the input voltage v of the input power supply ac ＝V in_max sin (ωt) is the peak value of the power frequency alternating voltage, ω is the angular frequency, and t is the time.
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