CN106160522A - A kind of flyback power factor correction pfc converter without bridge construction - Google Patents
A kind of flyback power factor correction pfc converter without bridge construction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器，包括：隔离变压器、双向开关、副边二极管桥式整流电路、输出电容以及负载，其中：双向开关由两个串联的开关管组成，其中该两个开关管的源极与栅极共用，驱动信号加在两个开关管共用的栅极和源极之间；主功率电路中的电压源的一端与隔离变压器原边任意一端相连，隔离变压器原边另一端与双向开关的任意一端相连，双向开关的另一端与电压源的另一端相连；隔离变压器的副边与二极管整流电路相连，二极管整流电路与储能电容和负载并联。本发明的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器，消除了电流过零畸变的缺陷，同时减小了导通损耗，在功率因数不变的情况下，提高了整体效率。
The present invention provides a flyback power factor correction PFC converter with a bridgeless structure, comprising: an isolation transformer, a bidirectional switch, a secondary diode bridge rectifier circuit, an output capacitor and a load, wherein the bidirectional switch consists of two series-connected switch tubes Composition, wherein the source and grid of the two switching tubes are shared, and the driving signal is added between the grid and source shared by the two switching tubes; one end of the voltage source in the main power circuit is connected to any end of the primary side of the isolation transformer The other end of the primary side of the isolation transformer is connected to any end of the bidirectional switch, and the other end of the bidirectional switch is connected to the other end of the voltage source; the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected to the diode rectifier circuit, and the diode rectifier circuit is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor and the load . The flyback power factor correction PFC converter of the present invention eliminates the defect of current zero-crossing distortion, reduces conduction loss at the same time, and improves overall efficiency under the condition of constant power factor.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力电子技术领域，尤其是低输入电流谐波、低压输出、高效率的功率因数校正技术，具体涉及一种无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器。The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a power factor correction technology with low input current harmonics, low voltage output and high efficiency, and in particular to a flyback power factor correction PFC converter with a bridgeless structure.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，电力电子技术迅速发展，作为电力电子领域重要组成部分的电源技术逐渐成为应用和研究的热点。开关电源以其效率高、功率密度高而确立了其在电源领域的主流地位，但在接入不同负载时导致输入电流发生畸变，生成无功功率并产生了大量的电流高次谐波污染电网。提高电网功率因数主要有两种方式，传统的方式为无源功率因数校正，即通过无源元件来进行无功补偿，但限制设备功率密度提高的往往是无源元件，即电容与电感。新型的开关电源技术为有源功率因数校正技术，通过控制开关的通断来强制输入电流跟随输入电压变化的方式来提高功率因数，舍弃了笨重的无源元件，使设备的功率密度进一步提高。In recent years, power electronics technology has developed rapidly, and power supply technology, which is an important part of the power electronics field, has gradually become a hot spot in application and research. Switching power supply has established its mainstream position in the field of power supply due to its high efficiency and high power density, but when connected to different loads, the input current will be distorted, reactive power will be generated, and a large amount of current high-order harmonics will pollute the power grid . There are two main ways to improve the power factor of the power grid. The traditional way is passive power factor correction, that is, reactive power compensation is performed through passive components, but it is often the passive components that limit the increase in equipment power density, namely capacitors and inductors. The new switching power supply technology is active power factor correction technology, which improves the power factor by controlling the on-off of the switch to force the input current to follow the input voltage change, abandoning bulky passive components, and further improving the power density of the device.
功率因数校正PFC属于AC-DC变换，传统由于隔离变压器原边存在整流桥，而整流桥中的二极管存在导通压降，导致在电流过零时电流变化跟随不上电压变化，形成电流过零畸变，为了消除电流过零畸变需要在控制电路中加入前馈环节，大大增加了控制电路的复杂性。同时，电流流经整流桥中的二极管时产生了一定的损耗，其损耗大小与二极管的通态导通压降与输入平均电流有关。而传统变换器中，加在整流二极管两端的电压应力较大，故可供选择的整流二极管的通态导通压降较大，损耗较大，从而影响了整体效率。Power factor correction PFC belongs to AC-DC conversion. Traditionally, there is a rectifier bridge on the primary side of the isolation transformer, and the diode in the rectifier bridge has a conduction voltage drop. As a result, the current change cannot follow the voltage change when the current crosses zero, resulting in a current zero crossing. Distortion, in order to eliminate the current zero-crossing distortion, it is necessary to add a feedforward link in the control circuit, which greatly increases the complexity of the control circuit. At the same time, a certain loss is generated when the current flows through the diode in the rectifier bridge, and the loss is related to the on-state conduction voltage drop of the diode and the average input current. However, in the traditional converter, the voltage stress applied to both ends of the rectifier diode is relatively large, so the optional rectifier diode has a large on-state conduction voltage drop and a large loss, thereby affecting the overall efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于现有技术的以上不足，本发明目的在于提供一种无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器，具有高效简洁、高功率因数、可利用软开关技术的优点。In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flyback power factor correction PFC converter with a bridgeless structure, which has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity, high power factor, and the use of soft switching technology.
本发明的上述目的通过独立权利要求的技术特征实现，从属权利要求以另选或有利的方式发展独立权利要求的技术特征。The above objects of the invention are achieved by the technical features of the independent claims, which the dependent claims develop in an alternative or advantageous manner.
为达成上述目的，本发明提出一种无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器，包括：隔离变压器T，双向开关S，副边二极管桥式整流电路，输出电容Co，以及负载R，其中：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a flyback power factor correction PFC converter with a bridgeless structure, including: an isolation transformer T, a bidirectional switch S, a secondary diode bridge rectifier circuit, an output capacitor C o , and a load R, in:
双向开关S由两个串联的开关管Qa、Qb组成，其中开关管Qa，Qb的源极S与栅极G共用，驱动信号加在两个开关管共用的栅极和源极之间；The bidirectional switch S is composed of two series-connected switching tubes Q a and Q b , wherein the source S of the switching tubes Q a and Q b is shared with the gate G, and the driving signal is applied to the shared gate and source of the two switching tubes between;
主功率电路中的电压源的一端与隔离变压器原边任意一端相连，隔离变压器原边另一端与双向开关S的任意一端相连，双向开关S的另一端与电压源的另一端端相连；One end of the voltage source in the main power circuit is connected to any end of the primary side of the isolation transformer, the other end of the primary side of the isolation transformer is connected to any end of the bidirectional switch S, and the other end of the bidirectional switch S is connected to the other end of the voltage source;
隔离变压器的副边与二极管整流电路相连，二极管整流电路与储能电容Co和负载R并联。The secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected to the diode rectifier circuit, and the diode rectifier circuit is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor Co and the load R.
与现有相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with existing, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1、相对于传统的反激PFC变换器，采用本发明的无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器，与传统反激PFC相比，消除了电流过零畸变的缺陷，同时减小了导通损耗，在功率因数不变的情况下，提高了整体效率。1. Compared with the traditional flyback PFC converter, the flyback power factor correction PFC converter adopting the bridgeless structure of the present invention, compared with the traditional flyback PFC, eliminates the defect of current zero-crossing distortion and reduces Conduction loss, in the case of constant power factor, improves the overall efficiency.
2、采用本发明的无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器，可以根据对输入电压、输出电压、输出功率、整机效率的要求，合理设计磁性元件的参数，灵活配置无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器的元器件参数。2. The flyback power factor correction PFC converter adopting the bridgeless structure of the present invention can reasonably design the parameters of the magnetic elements according to the requirements for input voltage, output voltage, output power and overall machine efficiency, and flexibly configure the bridgeless structure Component parameters of flyback power factor correction PFC converter.
3、本发明的无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器简洁高效，只需一套控制电路可以实现功率因数校正，成本低，可靠性高。3. The bridgeless flyback power factor correction PFC converter of the present invention is simple and efficient, only needs one set of control circuit to realize power factor correction, low cost and high reliability.
4、本发明的无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器，原边电流可以双向流动，为利用软开关技术减小开关损耗提供了理论基础。4. In the flyback power factor correction PFC converter with bridgeless structure of the present invention, the primary current can flow bidirectionally, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing switching loss by using soft switching technology.
应当理解，前述构思以及在下面更加详细地描述的额外构思的所有组合只要在这样的构思不相互矛盾的情况下都可以被视为本公开的发明主题的一部分。另外，所要求保护的主题的所有组合都被视为本公开的发明主题的一部分。It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts, as well as additional concepts described in more detail below, may be considered part of the inventive subject matter of the present disclosure, provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent. Additionally, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure.
结合附图从下面的描述中可以更加全面地理解本发明教导的前述和其他方面、实施例和特征。本发明的其他附加方面例如示例性实施方式的特征和/或有益效果将在下面的描述中显见，或通过根据本发明教导的具体实施方式的实践中得知。The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Other additional aspects of the invention, such as the features and/or advantages of the exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description below, or learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图不意在按比例绘制。在附图中，在各个图中示出的每个相同或近似相同的组成部分可以用相同的标号表示。为了清晰起见，在每个图中，并非每个组成部分均被标记。现在，将通过例子并参考附图来描述本发明的各个方面的实施例，其中：The figures are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like reference numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of the various aspects of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
图1是说明根据本发明的某些实施例，无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a bridgeless flyback power factor correction PFC converter according to some embodiments of the present invention.
图2是说明本本发明前述实施例的双向开关S的等效示意图。FIG. 2 is an equivalent schematic diagram illustrating the bidirectional switch S of the foregoing embodiment of the present invention.
图3是说明本发明前述实施例工作在电感电流断续模式(DCM)的原副边电流波形示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the primary and secondary current waveforms of the foregoing embodiment of the present invention working in the discontinuous current mode (DCM) of the inductor.
图4是说明本发明前述实施例在输入电压为110Vac和220Vac，频率为50Hz时工作在电感电流断续模式(DCM)下的输入电流、输入电压与输出电压的波形示意图。4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the waveforms of the input current, input voltage and output voltage of the foregoing embodiment of the present invention when the input voltage is 110Vac and 220Vac, and the frequency is 50Hz working in the inductor current discontinuous mode (DCM).
图5是控制电路的一个示例性示意图。Fig. 5 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the control circuit.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了更了解本发明的技术内容，特举具体实施例并配合所附图式说明如下。In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are given together with the attached drawings for description as follows.
在本公开中参照附图来描述本发明的各方面，附图中示出了许多说明的实施例。本公开的实施例不必定意在包括本发明的所有方面。应当理解，上面介绍的多种构思和实施例，以及下面更加详细地描述的那些构思和实施方式可以以很多方式中任意一种来实施，这是应为本发明所公开的构思和实施例并不限于任何实施方式。另外，本发明公开的一些方面可以单独使用，或者与本发明公开的其他方面的任何适当组合来使用。Aspects of the invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show a number of illustrated embodiments. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those concepts and embodiments described in more detail below, can be implemented in any of a number of ways, which should be the concepts and embodiments disclosed by the present invention and not Not limited to any implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
结合图1所示，本公开提出的一种无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器，包括：隔离变压器T，双向开关S，副边二极管桥式整流电路，输出电容Co，以及负载R。As shown in FIG. 1 , a flyback power factor correction PFC converter with a bridgeless structure proposed in this disclosure includes: an isolation transformer T, a bidirectional switch S, a secondary diode bridge rectifier circuit, an output capacitor C o , and a load R.
结合图2所示，双向开关S由两个串联的开关管Qa、Qb组成，其中开关管Qa，Qb的源极S与栅极G共用，驱动信号加在两个开关管共用的栅极和源极之间。As shown in Figure 2, the bidirectional switch S is composed of two series-connected switching tubes Q a and Q b , wherein the source S of the switching tubes Q a and Q b is shared with the gate G, and the driving signal is applied to the two switching tubes. between the gate and source.
主功率电路中的电压源Vin的一端与隔离变压器T的原边任意一端相连，隔离变压器T的原边另一端与双向开关S的任意一端相连，双向开关S的另一端与电压源Vin的另一端端相连。One end of the voltage source V in in the main power circuit is connected to any end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T, the other end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T is connected to any end of the bidirectional switch S, and the other end of the bidirectional switch S is connected to the voltage source V in connected at the other end.
隔离变压器T的副边与二极管整流电路相连，二极管整流电路与储能电容Co和负载R并联。The secondary side of the isolation transformer T is connected to the diode rectifier circuit, and the diode rectifier circuit is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor Co and the load R.
如图1所示，控制电路施加到前述双向开关S的两个开关管共用的栅极和源极之间，以及施加到二极管整流电路的一端。如图5表示出了控制电路的一个具体示例。As shown in FIG. 1 , the control circuit is applied between the gate and the source shared by the two switching tubes of the aforementioned bidirectional switch S, and applied to one end of the diode rectification circuit. A specific example of the control circuit is shown in FIG. 5 .
结合图1所示，设输入电压为vin＝Vm sin(ωt)，其中Vm为输入电压最大值，输出电压为Vo，变压器原副边匝比满足n＞Vm/Vo。As shown in Figure 1, suppose the input voltage is v in =V m sin(ωt), where V m is the maximum value of the input voltage, the output voltage is V o , and the primary and secondary turns ratio of the transformer satisfies n>V m /V o .
前述无桥结构的反激功率因数校正PFC变换器在工作时，分为两个阶段：启动阶段和稳定阶段，下面分别对这两个阶段进行说明。The flyback power factor correction PFC converter with the aforementioned bridgeless structure is divided into two phases during operation: a start-up phase and a stable phase, and these two phases will be described respectively below.
1.启动阶段：1. Start-up phase:
启动时由于储能电容电压为零，在每个开关周期，开关导通时原副边同时导通给电容充电，开关关断时，电容电压保持不变。启动阶段直到储能电容Co电压达到Vm/n。Since the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is zero at start-up, in each switching cycle, when the switch is turned on, the primary and secondary sides are turned on to charge the capacitor at the same time, and when the switch is turned off, the capacitor voltage remains unchanged. In the start-up phase, the voltage of the energy storage capacitor C o reaches V m /n.
2.稳定阶段：2. Stable stage:
进入稳定模态后，在每个开关周期内，开关导通时，输入电压为vin＝Vm sin(ωt)，由于折算到变压器副边的电压大小为Vm/n＜Vo，根据基尔霍夫电压定理(KVL)，原边导通时副边不导通，能量储存在变压器中。开关关断后，变压器中的能量转移到副边，为储能电容和负载供电。对比传统的整流桥在隔离变压器原边的反激PFC，原边导通时通过副边反向二极管挡住电流流通，从而使原边导通时副边不导通。而本发明方案其整流桥在隔离变压器副边，利用基尔霍夫电压定理(KVL)，通过调整变压器匝比n，使得原边导通时副边不导通，而整流桥中二极管电压应力仅为输出电压大小，首先从原理上消除了电流过零畸变的缺陷，其次在选择整流二极管时，可选择通态导通压降较小的二极管，从而提高整体效率。After entering the stable mode, in each switching cycle, when the switch is turned on, the input voltage is v in =V m sin(ωt), since the voltage converted to the secondary side of the transformer is V m /n<V o , according to Kirchhoff's voltage theorem (KVL), when the primary side is turned on, the secondary side is not turned on, and energy is stored in the transformer. After the switch is turned off, the energy in the transformer is transferred to the secondary side to power the storage capacitor and the load. Compared with the flyback PFC of the traditional rectifier bridge on the primary side of the isolation transformer, when the primary side is turned on, the reverse diode on the secondary side is used to block the current flow, so that the secondary side is not turned on when the primary side is turned on. And its rectifier bridge of the present invention scheme is on the secondary side of the isolation transformer, utilizes Kirchhoff's voltage theorem (KVL), by adjusting the transformer turns ratio n, the secondary side is not conducted when the primary side is turned on, and the diode voltage stress in the rectifier bridge Only for the size of the output voltage, firstly, the defect of current zero-crossing distortion is eliminated in principle, and secondly, when selecting a rectifier diode, a diode with a smaller on-state conduction voltage drop can be selected to improve the overall efficiency.
该反激功率因数校正PFC变换器由电压模式控制或者峰值电流模式控制。The flyback power factor correction PFC converter is controlled by voltage mode or peak current mode.
该反激功率因数校正PFC变换器受外部控制电路驱动而工作于下述模式中的一种:电流连续模式(CCM)、电流临界连续模式(CRM)、电流断续模式(DCM)。The flyback power factor correction PFC converter is driven by an external control circuit and works in one of the following modes: current continuous mode (CCM), current critical continuous mode (CRM), and current discontinuous mode (DCM).
图3为本发明实例一工作在电感电流断续模式(DCM)的原副边电流波形。FIG. 3 is the primary and secondary current waveforms of Example 1 of the present invention working in the inductor current discontinuous mode (DCM).
图4为本发明实施例一在输入电压为110Vac和220Vac，频率为50Hz时,输出电压为100V，输出功率为100W，工作在电感电流断续模式(DCM)下的输入电流、输入电压与输出电压的波形，从图中可以看出，变换器在全电压范围内均能正常稳定地工作，实现了功率因数校正的功能。Fig. 4 shows the input current, input voltage and output of Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the input voltage is 110Vac and 220Vac, the frequency is 50Hz, the output voltage is 100V, the output power is 100W, and the inductor current discontinuous mode (DCM) works. The waveform of the voltage, as can be seen from the figure, the converter can work normally and stably in the full voltage range, realizing the function of power factor correction.
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明。本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作各种的更动与润饰。因此，本发明的保护范围当视权利要求书所界定者为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the present invention can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
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