CN117055674A - Bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate - Google Patents

Bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate Download PDF

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CN117055674A
CN117055674A CN202311163877.8A CN202311163877A CN117055674A CN 117055674 A CN117055674 A CN 117055674A CN 202311163877 A CN202311163877 A CN 202311163877A CN 117055674 A CN117055674 A CN 117055674A
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constant current
current source
mos tube
pulse constant
resistor
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辛振
王新宇
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Hebei University of Technology
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    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • G05F1/56Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/561Voltage to current converters

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Abstract

The application relates to a bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate, belonging to the technical field of power electronics. The bipolar pulse constant current source comprises a positive pulse constant current source and a negative pulse constant current source, wherein the positive pulse constant current source comprises a positive reference potential selection circuit, a positive constant current source circuit and a positive pulse constant current source control circuit, and the negative pulse constant current source comprises a negative reference potential selection circuit, a reverse constant current source circuit and a negative pulse constant current source control circuit. The noise filtering capacitor of the reference potential selection circuit and the filtering inductance of the constant current source circuit greatly reduce the fluctuation of the output current of the constant current source; according to the application, the MOS tube is driven by adopting a charge pump-like method while the rapid switching of the pulse current source is ensured, and the switch tube is not driven by an isolated power supply, so that the volume of the circuit is greatly reduced. The bipolar pulse constant current source has the characteristics of high switching speed, high stability, high precision, small volume, bipolar output and the like, and can meet the measurement requirement of quickly extracting various temperature-sensitive electrical parameters of the power semiconductor device under the working condition of quick change of junction temperature.

Description

一种具有高切换速率的双极性脉冲恒流源A bipolar pulsed constant current source with high switching rate

技术领域Technical field

本发明属于电力电子技术领域,具体是一种具有高切换速率的双极性脉冲恒流源。The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and is specifically a bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate.

背景技术Background technique

高精度、低温漂、高可靠性、高切换速率的恒流源被广泛应用于功率半导体器件瞬态热特性测试、温度敏电参数测量、时钟电路、震荡器等各个领域。这些高精度仪器以及高精度测量对恒流源提出了非侵入性、快速响应、高精度的需求,特别是在功率半导体器件温敏电参数测量中,准确测量功率半导体器件的结温是器件实时状态监测、可靠性评估的前提,因此功率半导体器件的结温提取在电力电子系统中有着重要地位。在实际应用中,常使用温敏电参数法实时获取功率半导体器件结温,该方法具有非侵入性、快速响应、高精度、低成本等优点。随着电力电子相关技术的发展,对于结温提取技术的精度要求也日益升高。Constant current sources with high precision, low temperature drift, high reliability, and high switching rate are widely used in various fields such as transient thermal characteristic testing of power semiconductor devices, temperature-sensitive electrical parameter measurement, clock circuits, oscillators, etc. These high-precision instruments and high-precision measurements have put forward non-invasive, fast response, and high-precision requirements for constant current sources. Especially in the measurement of temperature-sensitive electrical parameters of power semiconductor devices, accurate measurement of the junction temperature of power semiconductor devices is the key to real-time performance of the device. As a prerequisite for condition monitoring and reliability assessment, junction temperature extraction of power semiconductor devices plays an important role in power electronic systems. In practical applications, the temperature-sensitive electrical parameter method is often used to obtain the junction temperature of power semiconductor devices in real time. This method has the advantages of non-invasiveness, fast response, high accuracy, and low cost. With the development of power electronics-related technologies, the accuracy requirements for junction temperature extraction technology are also increasing.

一方面,在提取功率半导体器件的温敏电参数时,常需要恒流源辅助测量,稳定的恒流源是保证温敏电参数提取准确性的前提。另一方面,不同的温敏电参数对辅助恒流源的电流极性有不同的要求,例如在测量SiC MOSFET体二极管压降时,需要提供一个由源极到漏极的恒定电流;在测量SiC MOSFET阈值电压时,需要提供一个由漏极到源极的恒定电流。因此,能够产生双极性脉冲电流的恒流源对于满足不同温敏电参数测量需求、减少测量操作复杂性、增加测量电路普适性具有重要意义。此外,恒流源的切换延时是影响结温提取准确性的一个关键因素,尤其是在结温快速变化的工况下,对恒流源的切换延时要求更高。在实际应用中,由于主电路的高压以及大电流的存在,需要恒流源具有耐高压以及防止电流倒灌的能力。现有的脉冲恒流源主要存在以下问题,其一,大多的脉冲恒流源切换速率较慢,脉冲电流具有百us级甚至ms级别输出延时,无法满足如瞬态热特性测试的高切换速率的需求。其二,输出电流稳定性不足,无法满足高精度的测量需求。其三,利用接地电阻反馈的恒流源难以与其他电路集成。On the one hand, when extracting temperature-sensitive electrical parameters of power semiconductor devices, a constant current source is often required to assist measurement. A stable constant current source is a prerequisite for ensuring the accuracy of temperature-sensitive electrical parameter extraction. On the other hand, different temperature-sensitive electrical parameters have different requirements on the current polarity of the auxiliary constant current source. For example, when measuring the SiC MOSFET body diode voltage drop, a constant current from source to drain needs to be provided; when measuring SiC MOSFET threshold voltage needs to provide a constant current from drain to source. Therefore, a constant current source that can generate bipolar pulse current is of great significance to meet the measurement needs of different temperature-sensitive electrical parameters, reduce the complexity of measurement operations, and increase the universality of the measurement circuit. In addition, the switching delay of the constant current source is a key factor affecting the accuracy of junction temperature extraction. Especially under operating conditions where the junction temperature changes rapidly, the switching delay of the constant current source is required to be higher. In practical applications, due to the high voltage and large current of the main circuit, the constant current source needs to be able to withstand high voltage and prevent current backflow. Existing pulse constant current sources mainly have the following problems. First, most pulse constant current sources have slow switching speeds. The pulse current has an output delay of hundreds of us or even milliseconds, which cannot meet high switching requirements such as transient thermal characteristics testing. speed requirements. Second, the output current is not stable enough to meet high-precision measurement requirements. Third, the constant current source using ground resistance feedback is difficult to integrate with other circuits.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明针对目前功率半导体器件温敏电参数的测量需求,提出一种具有高切换速率的双极性脉冲恒流源。该双极性脉冲恒流源具有切换速率快、高稳定性、高精度、小体积、可双极性输出等特点,可满足结温快速变化的工况下功率半导体器件多种温敏电参数快速提取的测量需求。Aiming at the current measurement requirements for temperature-sensitive electrical parameters of power semiconductor devices, the present invention proposes a bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate. This bipolar pulse constant current source has the characteristics of fast switching rate, high stability, high precision, small size, and bipolar output. It can meet various temperature-sensitive electrical parameters of power semiconductor devices under conditions where the junction temperature changes rapidly. Quickly extract measurement needs.

为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

一种具有高切换速率的双极性脉冲恒流源,包括正脉冲恒流源以及负脉冲恒流源;其特征在于,正脉冲恒流源包括正参考电位选取电路、正向恒流源电路和正脉冲恒流源控制电路;负脉冲恒流源包括负参考电位选取电路、反向恒流源电路和负脉冲恒流源控制电路;A bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate, including a positive pulse constant current source and a negative pulse constant current source; it is characterized in that the positive pulse constant current source includes a positive reference potential selection circuit and a forward constant current source circuit and a positive pulse constant current source control circuit; the negative pulse constant current source includes a negative reference potential selection circuit, a reverse constant current source circuit and a negative pulse constant current source control circuit;

所述正脉冲恒流源控制电路包含MOS管M1~M4、驱动电阻R4~R8、二极管D1~D2、电容C2、三极管Q2以及正脉冲电流控制端;其中,三极管Q2为NPN三极管,MOS管M1与M4为N沟道MOS管,MOS管M2与M3为P沟道MOS管;MOS管M1的漏极与正向恒流源电路的三极管Q1的集电极相连,MOS管M1的源极接地,MOS管M1的栅极与驱动电阻R4的一端相连,驱动电阻R4的另一端和驱动电阻R5的一端与二极管D1的阴极相连,二极管D1的阳极与驱动电阻R5的另一端、驱动电阻R6的一端、驱动电阻R8的一端以及正脉冲恒流源控制端相连;驱动电阻R6的另一端与MOS管M3和MOS管M4的栅极相连,MOS管M4的源极与负电压源相连,MOS管M4的漏极与MOS管M3的漏极以及驱动电阻R7的一端相连,驱动电阻R7的另一端与电容C2的另一端相连,电容C2的一端和MOS管M2的源极与正向恒流源电路的三极管Q1的集电极相连;驱动电阻R8的另一端与三极管Q2的基极相连,三极管Q2的发射极与MOS管M3的源极以及MOS管M2的栅极相连,三级管Q2的集电极与MOS管M2的源极相连,MOS管M2的漏极与二极管D2的阳极相连,二极管D2的阴极为正脉冲恒流源的输出端;The positive pulse constant current source control circuit includes MOS tubes M1~M4, driving resistors R4~R8, diodes D1~D2, capacitor C2, transistor Q2 and a positive pulse current control terminal; among them, the transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor, and the MOS tube M1 M4 is an N-channel MOS tube, MOS tube M2 and M3 are P-channel MOS tubes; the drain of MOS tube M1 is connected to the collector of transistor Q1 of the forward constant current source circuit, and the source of MOS tube M1 is grounded. The gate of MOS tube M1 is connected to one end of driving resistor R4, the other end of driving resistor R4 and one end of driving resistor R5 are connected to the cathode of diode D1, the anode of diode D1 is connected to the other end of driving resistor R5 and one end of driving resistor R6 , one end of the driving resistor R8 is connected to the control end of the positive pulse constant current source; the other end of the driving resistor R6 is connected to the gates of the MOS tube M3 and MOS tube M4, the source of the MOS tube M4 is connected to the negative voltage source, and the MOS tube M4 The drain is connected to the drain of MOS tube M3 and one end of driving resistor R7. The other end of driving resistor R7 is connected to the other end of capacitor C2. One end of capacitor C2 and the source of MOS tube M2 are connected to the forward constant current source circuit. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected; the other end of the driving resistor R8 is connected to the base of transistor Q2, the emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the source of MOS tube M3 and the gate of MOS tube M2, and the collector of transistor Q2 It is connected to the source of MOS tube M2, the drain of MOS tube M2 is connected to the anode of diode D2, and the cathode of diode D2 is the output terminal of the positive pulse constant current source;

所述负脉冲恒流源控制电路包括MOS管M5~M8、驱动电阻R12~R16、二极管D3~D4、电容C4、三极管Q4和负脉冲电流控制端;其中,MOS管M7与M8为N沟道MOS管,MOS管M5与M6为P沟道MOS管,三极管Q4为PNP三极管;MOS管M5的源极接地,MOS管M5的漏极与反向恒流源电路的三极管Q3的集电极相连,MOS管M5的栅极与驱动电阻R12的一端相连,驱动电阻R12的另一端与驱动电阻R13的一端和二极管D3的阳极相连,二极管D3的阴极与驱动电阻R13的另一端、驱动电阻R14的一端、驱动电阻R16的一端以及负脉冲电流控制端相连;驱动电阻R14的另一端与MOS管M6和MOS管M7的栅极相连,MOS管M6的源极与正电压源相连,MOS管M6的漏极与MOS管M7的漏极以及驱动电阻R15的一端相连,驱动电阻R15的另一端与电容C4的一端相连,电容C4的另一端、MOS管M8的源极以及三极管Q4的集电极与反向恒流源电路的三极管Q3的集电极相连;驱动电阻R16的另一端与三极管Q4的基极相连,三极管Q4的发射极与MOS管M7的源极以及MOS管M8的栅极相连,三极管Q4的集电极与MOS管M8的源极相连,MOS管M8的漏极与二极管D4的阴极相连,二极管D4的阳极为负脉冲恒流源的输出端。The negative pulse constant current source control circuit includes MOS tubes M5~M8, driving resistors R12~R16, diodes D3~D4, capacitor C4, transistor Q4 and negative pulse current control terminal; among them, MOS tubes M7 and M8 are N-channel MOS tubes, MOS tubes M5 and M6 are P-channel MOS tubes, and transistor Q4 is a PNP transistor; the source of MOS tube M5 is grounded, and the drain of MOS tube M5 is connected to the collector of transistor Q3 of the reverse constant current source circuit. The gate of the MOS transistor M5 is connected to one end of the driving resistor R12, the other end of the driving resistor R12 is connected to one end of the driving resistor R13 and the anode of the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the other end of the driving resistor R13 and one end of the driving resistor R14. , one end of the drive resistor R16 is connected to the negative pulse current control end; the other end of the drive resistor R14 is connected to the gates of the MOS tube M6 and MOS tube M7, the source of the MOS tube M6 is connected to the positive voltage source, and the drain of the MOS tube M6 The terminal is connected to the drain of MOS tube M7 and one end of driving resistor R15. The other end of driving resistor R15 is connected to one end of capacitor C4. The other end of capacitor C4, the source of MOS tube M8 and the collector of transistor Q4 are connected to the opposite end of capacitor C4. The collector of transistor Q3 of the constant current source circuit is connected; the other end of the driving resistor R16 is connected to the base of transistor Q4, and the emitter of transistor Q4 is connected to the source of MOS tube M7 and the gate of MOS tube M8. The collector is connected to the source of MOS tube M8, the drain of MOS tube M8 is connected to the cathode of diode D4, and the anode of diode D4 is the output end of the negative pulse constant current source.

进一步的,所述正参考电位选取电路包括分压电阻R1、R2和噪声滤除电容C1;分压电阻R1的一端与正电压源连接,另一端与分压电阻R2的一端、噪声滤除电容C1的一端以及正向恒流源电路的运算放大器U1的同相输入端相连,分压电阻R2以及噪声滤除电容C1的另一端接地;或者正参考电位选取电路采用DAC信号经过同相比例运算电路输出正参考电位。Further, the positive reference potential selection circuit includes voltage dividing resistors R1, R2 and noise filtering capacitor C1; one end of the voltage dividing resistor R1 is connected to the positive voltage source, and the other end is connected to one end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 and the noise filtering capacitor. One end of C1 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 of the forward constant current source circuit, the voltage dividing resistor R2 and the other end of the noise filter capacitor C1 are connected to ground; or the positive reference potential selection circuit uses a DAC signal to output through the in-phase proportional operation circuit Positive reference potential.

进一步的,所述正向恒流源电路包括滤波电感L1、电流调节电阻R3、运算放大器U1和三极管Q1,三极管Q1为PNP三极管;滤波电感L1的一端与正电压源连接,另一端与电流调节电阻R3的一端连接,电流调节电阻R3的另一端与三极管Q1的发射极以及运算放大器U1的反相输入端连接,三极管Q1的基极与运算放大器U1的输出端连接,三极管Q1的集电极与正脉冲恒流源控制电路相连。Further, the forward constant current source circuit includes a filter inductor L1, a current adjustment resistor R3, an operational amplifier U1 and a transistor Q1. The transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor; one end of the filter inductor L1 is connected to the positive voltage source, and the other end is connected to the current adjustment One end of resistor R3 is connected, the other end of current adjustment resistor R3 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q1 and the inverting input end of operational amplifier U1, the base of transistor Q1 is connected to the output end of operational amplifier U1, and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to The positive pulse constant current source control circuit is connected.

进一步的,所述负参考电位选取电路包括分压电阻R9、R10和噪声滤除电容C3;分压电阻R10的一端与负电压源连接,另一端与分压电阻R9的一端、噪声滤除电容C3的一端以及反向恒流源电路的运算放大器U2的同相输入端相连,分压电阻R9以及滤除电容C3的另一端接地。Further, the negative reference potential selection circuit includes voltage dividing resistors R9, R10 and noise filtering capacitor C3; one end of the voltage dividing resistor R10 is connected to the negative voltage source, and the other end is connected to one end of the voltage dividing resistor R9 and the noise filtering capacitor. One end of C3 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 of the reverse constant current source circuit, and the other end of the voltage dividing resistor R9 and the filter capacitor C3 are connected to ground.

进一步的,所述反向恒流源电路包括滤波电感L2、电流调节电阻R11、运算放大器U2和三极管Q3,三极管Q3为NPN三极管;滤波电感L2的一端与负电压源连接,另一端与电流调节电阻R11的一端连接,电流调节电阻R11的另一端与三极管Q3的发射极以及运算放大器U2的反相输入端连接,三极管Q3的基极与运算放大器U2的输出端连接,三极管Q3的集电极与负脉冲恒流源控制电路相连。Further, the reverse constant current source circuit includes a filter inductor L2, a current adjustment resistor R11, an operational amplifier U2 and a transistor Q3. The transistor Q3 is an NPN transistor; one end of the filter inductor L2 is connected to the negative voltage source, and the other end is connected to the current adjustment One end of resistor R11 is connected, the other end of current adjustment resistor R11 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q3 and the inverting input end of operational amplifier U2, the base of transistor Q3 is connected to the output end of operational amplifier U2, and the collector of transistor Q3 is connected to The negative pulse constant current source control circuit is connected.

进一步的,当正脉冲恒流源控制端输出高电平时,正脉冲恒流源控制端提供的正脉冲恒流源电流经过二极管D1、驱动电阻R4,为MOS管M1的栅极充电使MOS管M1快速开通,正脉冲恒流源控制端为三极管Q2提供基极电流,使MOS管M2断开,同时正脉冲恒流源电流经过驱动电阻R6为MOS管M3栅极放电以及MOS管M4栅极充电,使MOS管M3断开、MOS管M4开通,负电压源经过驱动电阻R7为电容C2充电,此时正脉冲恒流源电流不再流经MOS管M2,而只流经MOS管M1,完成电流切换;当正脉冲恒流源控制端输出低电平时,正脉冲恒流源控制端提供的正脉冲恒流源电流经过驱动电阻R4、R5,为MOS管M1的栅极放电使MOS管M1快速断开,正脉冲恒流源控制端不再为三极管Q2提供基极电流,同时正脉冲恒流源电流经过驱动电阻R6为MOS管M3栅极充电以及MOS管M4栅极放电,使MOS管M3开通、MOS管M4断开,电容C2经过驱动电阻R7和MOS管M3为MOS管M2的栅极充电使MOS管M2开通,此时电流不再流经MOS管M1,而只流经MOS管M2,完成电流切换;Further, when the positive pulse constant current source control terminal outputs a high level, the positive pulse constant current source current provided by the positive pulse constant current source control terminal passes through the diode D1 and the driving resistor R4, charging the gate of the MOS tube M1 so that the MOS tube M1 turns on quickly, and the positive pulse constant current source control terminal provides base current for transistor Q2, causing MOS tube M2 to disconnect. At the same time, the positive pulse constant current source current discharges the gate of MOS tube M3 and the gate of MOS tube M4 through the driving resistor R6. Charging, MOS tube M3 is disconnected, MOS tube M4 is opened, and the negative voltage source charges capacitor C2 through driving resistor R7. At this time, the positive pulse constant current source current no longer flows through MOS tube M2, but only flows through MOS tube M1. Complete the current switching; when the positive pulse constant current source control terminal outputs a low level, the positive pulse constant current source current provided by the positive pulse constant current source control terminal passes through the driving resistors R4 and R5 and discharges the gate of the MOS tube M1, causing the MOS tube to M1 is quickly disconnected, and the positive pulse constant current source control terminal no longer provides base current for transistor Q2. At the same time, the positive pulse constant current source current charges the gate of MOS tube M3 and discharges the gate of MOS tube M4 through the driving resistor R6, causing the MOS The tube M3 is turned on and the MOS tube M4 is turned off. The capacitor C2 charges the gate of the MOS tube M2 through the driving resistor R7 and the MOS tube M3, so that the MOS tube M2 is turned on. At this time, the current no longer flows through the MOS tube M1, but only flows through the MOS. Tube M2 completes current switching;

当负脉冲恒流源控制端输出低电平时,负脉冲恒流源控制端提供的负脉冲恒流源电流经过二极管D3、驱动电阻R13,为MOS管M5的栅极充电使MOS管M5快速开通,负脉冲恒流源控制端为三极管Q4提供基极电流,使MOS管M8断开,同时负脉冲恒流源电流经过驱动电阻R14为MOS管M7栅极放电以及MOS管M6栅极充电,使MOS管M7断开、MOS管M6开通,正电压源通过驱动电阻R15为电容C4充电,此时负脉冲恒流源电流不再流经MOS管M8,而只流经MOS管M5,完成电流切换;当负脉冲恒流源控制端输出高电平时,负脉冲恒流源控制端提供的负脉冲恒流源电流经过驱动电阻R12、R13,为MOS管M5的栅极放电使MOS管M5快速断开,负脉冲恒流源控制端不再为三级管Q4提供基极电流,同时负脉冲恒流源电流经过驱动电阻R14为MOS管M7栅极充电以及MOS管M6栅极放电,使得MOS管M7开通、MOS管M6断开,电容C4经过驱动电阻R15以及MOS管M7,为MOS管M8的栅极充电使MOS管M8开通,此时正脉冲恒流源电流不再流经MOS管M5,而只流经MOS管M8,完成电流切换。When the negative pulse constant current source control terminal outputs a low level, the negative pulse constant current source current provided by the negative pulse constant current source control terminal passes through the diode D3 and the driving resistor R13 to charge the gate of the MOS tube M5 so that the MOS tube M5 is quickly turned on. , the negative pulse constant current source control terminal provides the base current for transistor Q4, causing MOS tube M8 to disconnect. At the same time, the negative pulse constant current source current discharges the gate of MOS tube M7 and charges the gate of MOS tube M6 through the driving resistor R14, so that MOS tube M7 is turned off, MOS tube M6 is turned on, and the positive voltage source charges capacitor C4 through drive resistor R15. At this time, the negative pulse constant current source current no longer flows through MOS tube M8, but only flows through MOS tube M5, completing current switching. ; When the negative pulse constant current source control terminal outputs a high level, the negative pulse constant current source current provided by the negative pulse constant current source control terminal passes through the driving resistors R12 and R13, discharges the gate of the MOS tube M5, and causes the MOS tube M5 to quickly turn off. On, the negative pulse constant current source control terminal no longer provides base current for the three-stage transistor Q4. At the same time, the negative pulse constant current source current charges the gate of MOS tube M7 and discharges the gate of MOS tube M6 through the driving resistor R14, making the MOS tube M7 is turned on and MOS tube M6 is turned off. Capacitor C4 charges the gate of MOS tube M8 through drive resistor R15 and MOS tube M7, causing MOS tube M8 to turn on. At this time, the positive pulse constant current source current no longer flows through MOS tube M5. And only flows through MOS tube M8 to complete the current switching.

相比于现有技术,本发明的优势在于:Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of the present invention are:

1、在结温快速单调变化的工况下,恒流源的切换延迟是影响功率半导体器件峰值/谷值结温提取的关键因素,过大的切换延时会导致峰值/谷值结温的测量结果与实际值具有较大偏差,不能准确反映功率半导体器件的工作状态。因此,本发明提出一种具有高切换速率的脉冲恒流源用于辅助功率半导体器件的温敏电参数提取。在测量功率半导体器件的电参数时,恒流源的恒流值会影响电参数的测量,由于在参考电位选取电路中添加了噪声滤除电容以及在恒流源电路中添加了滤波电感,极大地降低了恒流源输出电流的波动,在实际测试中,当设定输出电流为1mA时,电流的波动仅有不到50nA,具有极高的电流稳定性。因此,本发明所设计的双极性脉冲恒流源具有较高精度,可用于功率半导体器件电参数的精确测量。1. Under operating conditions where the junction temperature changes rapidly and monotonically, the switching delay of the constant current source is a key factor affecting the peak/valley junction temperature extraction of the power semiconductor device. Excessive switching delay will lead to a decrease in the peak/valley junction temperature. The measurement results have a large deviation from the actual value and cannot accurately reflect the working status of the power semiconductor device. Therefore, the present invention proposes a pulse constant current source with a high switching rate to assist in the extraction of temperature-sensitive electrical parameters of power semiconductor devices. When measuring the electrical parameters of a power semiconductor device, the constant current value of the constant current source will affect the measurement of the electrical parameters. Since the noise filtering capacitor is added to the reference potential selection circuit and the filter inductor is added to the constant current source circuit, extremely The ground reduces the fluctuation of the output current of the constant current source. In the actual test, when the output current is set to 1mA, the current fluctuation is less than 50nA, which has extremely high current stability. Therefore, the bipolar pulse constant current source designed in the present invention has high accuracy and can be used for accurate measurement of electrical parameters of power semiconductor devices.

2、现有的脉冲恒流源的控制电路中大多需要隔离电源用于驱动开关管,而本发明在保障了脉冲电流源能快速切换的同时,采用类电荷泵的方法驱动MOS管,不再需要隔离电源驱动开关管,极大地减小了电路的体积。2. Most of the existing pulse constant current source control circuits require an isolated power supply to drive the switching tube. However, the present invention ensures that the pulse current source can be quickly switched while using a charge pump-like method to drive the MOS tube. An isolated power supply is required to drive the switching tube, which greatly reduces the size of the circuit.

3、本发明采用低开关延迟的MOS管,具有极高的切换速率。相比于使用固态继电器充当切换开关需要us级甚至ms级的开通关断延迟,本发明所采用的切换延迟可达ns级,极大的缩短了电流的输出响应时间,适用于温度变化极快的瞬态热测试中充当辅助脉冲恒流源。3. The present invention uses MOS tubes with low switching delay and has extremely high switching rate. Compared with using a solid-state relay as a switching switch, which requires us-level or even ms-level turn-on and turn-off delays, the switching delay used in the present invention can reach ns levels, which greatly shortens the current output response time and is suitable for extremely rapid temperature changes. Acts as an auxiliary pulse constant current source in transient thermal tests.

4、与常规电流源相比,本发明设计的电流源在结构上进行了优化,将恒流源的电流调节电阻R3、R11接在电源端,实现了电流负输出端与地的统一;而常规恒流源在设计时往往需要在电流负输出端与地之间添加反馈电阻,这种设计方法增加了结构的复杂性,在进行测量时,常规电流源在计算时因为有接地的反馈电阻的存在,需要减去电流负输出端电压才能得到脉冲恒流源的输出电压,而本发明无需进行相减操作,直接测量得到的电压即为脉冲恒流源的输出电压,简化了输出电压测量步骤。4. Compared with the conventional current source, the current source designed in the present invention is structurally optimized. The current adjustment resistors R3 and R11 of the constant current source are connected to the power supply terminal to realize the unification of the negative current output terminal and the ground; and When designing a conventional constant current source, it is often necessary to add a feedback resistor between the negative output terminal of the current and the ground. This design method increases the complexity of the structure. When measuring, the conventional current source has a grounded feedback resistor in the calculation. existence, the current negative output terminal voltage needs to be subtracted to obtain the output voltage of the pulse constant current source. However, the present invention does not need to perform a subtraction operation. The directly measured voltage is the output voltage of the pulse constant current source, which simplifies the output voltage measurement. step.

5、本发明在电流输出端设有与输出电流同向的二极管,可防止电流倒灌进入恒流源电路。将发明所用的MOS管(M2、M8)以及二极管(D2、D4)替换为可耐受高电压的器件,即可在待测器件工作在高电压的场合下使用。将正脉冲恒流源的MOS管M2替换为耐高压器件,正脉冲恒流源则拥有耐受较高负压的能力,而将正脉冲恒流源的二极管M2替换为耐高压器件,正向脉冲恒流源则拥有耐受高正压的能力。同理,将负脉冲恒流源的MOS管M8替换为耐高压器件,负脉冲恒流源则拥有耐受较高正压的能力,而将负脉冲恒流源的二极管M4替换为耐高压器件,负向脉冲恒流源则拥有耐受高负压的能力。因此,通过选取不同耐压的MOS管、二极管可以提高该双极性脉冲恒流源的耐压等级,拓展其适用范围。5. The present invention is provided with a diode in the same direction as the output current at the current output end, which can prevent current from flowing back into the constant current source circuit. By replacing the MOS transistors (M2, M8) and diodes (D2, D4) used in the invention with devices that can withstand high voltages, they can be used in situations where the device under test operates at high voltages. Replace the MOS tube M2 of the positive pulse constant current source with a high voltage withstand device. The positive pulse constant current source has the ability to withstand higher negative voltage, and replace the diode M2 of the positive pulse constant current source with a high voltage withstand device. The pulse constant current source has the ability to withstand high positive voltage. In the same way, replace the MOS tube M8 of the negative pulse constant current source with a high voltage withstand device. The negative pulse constant current source has the ability to withstand higher positive voltage, and replace the diode M4 of the negative pulse constant current source with a high voltage withstand device. , the negative pulse constant current source has the ability to withstand high negative pressure. Therefore, by selecting MOS tubes and diodes with different withstand voltages, the withstand voltage level of the bipolar pulse constant current source can be improved and its scope of application can be expanded.

附图说明Description of the drawings

图1为本发明的双极性脉冲恒流源的拓扑图;Figure 1 is a topological diagram of the bipolar pulse constant current source of the present invention;

图2为基于DAC的正、负参考电位产生电路;Figure 2 shows the positive and negative reference potential generation circuit based on DAC;

图3为SiC MOSFET阈值电压测量电路;Figure 3 shows the SiC MOSFET threshold voltage measurement circuit;

图4为SiC MOSFET体二极管压降测量电路。Figure 4 shows the SiC MOSFET body diode voltage drop measurement circuit.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合附图给出具体实施例,具体实施例仅用于详细介绍本发明的技术方案,并不以此限定本申请的保护范围。Specific embodiments will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific embodiments are only used to introduce the technical solutions of the present invention in detail and do not limit the scope of protection of the present application.

本发明提出一种具有高切换速率的双极性脉冲恒流源(简称双极性脉冲恒流源,参见图1~2),该双极性脉冲恒流源具有高切换速率、高可靠性、高精度、小体积等特点,包括正脉冲恒流源以及负脉冲恒流源;The present invention proposes a bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate (referred to as bipolar pulse constant current source, see Figures 1-2). The bipolar pulse constant current source has high switching rate and high reliability. , high precision, small size and other characteristics, including positive pulse constant current source and negative pulse constant current source;

正脉冲恒流源包括正参考电位选取电路、正向恒流源电路和正脉冲恒流源控制电路;其中,正参考电位选取电路包括分压电阻R1、R2和噪声滤除电容C1;分压电阻R1的一端与正电压源Vcc连接,另一端与分压电阻R2的一端、正向恒流源电路的运算放大器U1的同相输入端以及噪声滤除电容C1的一端连接并形成连接点,连接点为后级恒流源电路提供正参考电位Vref_I+;分压电阻R2以及噪声滤除电容C1的另一端接地。噪声滤除电容C1可选取1μF。正参考电位计算公式为:The positive pulse constant current source includes a positive reference potential selection circuit, a forward constant current source circuit and a positive pulse constant current source control circuit; among them, the positive reference potential selection circuit includes voltage dividing resistors R1, R2 and noise filtering capacitor C1; the voltage dividing resistor One end of R1 is connected to the positive voltage source Vcc, and the other end is connected to one end of the voltage dividing resistor R2, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 of the forward constant current source circuit, and one end of the noise filter capacitor C1 to form a connection point. Provide a positive reference potential V ref_I+ for the subsequent constant current source circuit; the other end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 and the noise filter capacitor C1 is connected to ground. The noise filter capacitor C1 can be selected as 1μF. The formula for calculating the positive reference potential is:

其中,R1、R2为分压电阻R1、R2的阻值,Vcc为正电压源Vcc的电压。Among them, R 1 and R 2 are the resistance values of the voltage dividing resistors R1 and R2, and V cc is the voltage of the positive voltage source Vcc.

正参考电位选取电路除了使用电阻分压的结构,还可通过DAC的方式;如图2所示,DAC信号可由专门的DAC芯片或者单片机的DAC外设产生,DAC信号接入电阻R3的一端,电阻R4的另一端与运算放大器的同相输入端连接,电阻R2一端与运算放大器输出端连接,电阻R2的另一端与运算放大器的反相输入端以及电阻R1的一端连接,电阻R1的另一端接地,DAC信号经过同相比例运算电路输出得到正参考电位Vref_I+In addition to using a resistor voltage dividing structure, the positive reference potential selection circuit can also use a DAC. As shown in Figure 2, the DAC signal can be generated by a specialized DAC chip or the DAC peripheral of a microcontroller. The DAC signal is connected to one end of the resistor R3. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, one end of resistor R2 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier, the other end of resistor R2 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier and one end of resistor R1, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to ground. , the DAC signal is output through the in-phase proportional operation circuit to obtain the positive reference potential V ref_I+ .

正向恒流源电路包括滤波电感L1、电流调节电阻R3、运算放大器U1和三极管Q1;滤波电感L1的一端与正电压源Vcc连接,另一端与电流调节电阻R3的一端连接,电流调节电阻R3的另一端与三极管Q1的发射极以及运算放大器U1的反相输入端连接,三极管Q1的基极与运算放大器U1的输出端连接,三极管Q1的集电极与正脉冲恒流源控制电路的MOS管M1的漏极、MOS管M2的源极、三极管Q2的集电极以及电容C2的一端连接;其中,三极管Q1为PNP三极管,此处的PNP三极管也可用P沟道MOS管代替,P沟道MOS管的栅极、源极、漏极分别替代PNP三级管的基极、发射极、集电极。The forward constant current source circuit includes filter inductor L1, current adjustment resistor R3, operational amplifier U1 and transistor Q1; one end of the filter inductor L1 is connected to the positive voltage source Vcc, and the other end is connected to one end of the current adjustment resistor R3. The current adjustment resistor R3 The other end of the transistor Q1 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q1 and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1. The base of the transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1. The collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the MOS tube of the positive pulse constant current source control circuit. The drain of M1, the source of MOS tube M2, the collector of transistor Q2 and one end of capacitor C2 are connected; among them, transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, and the PNP transistor here can also be replaced by a P-channel MOS tube. P-channel MOS The gate, source and drain of the tube replace the base, emitter and collector of the PNP triode respectively.

运算放大器U1通过控制正电压源Vcc到电流调节电阻R3另一端的压差恒定的方式达到恒定电流的目的,三极管Q1的集电极电流即为该双极性脉冲电流源的正脉冲输出电流;由于三极管Q1的电流放大倍数较大,且三极管Q1基极电流可忽略,因此三极管Q1的集电极电流可约等于发射极电流;当集电极电流小于预设的正脉冲恒流源电流时,发射极电流同样减小导致正电压源Vcc到电流调节电阻R3另一端的压差减小,此时运算放大器U1反向输入端的电压大于同相输入端的电压,由于负反馈的作用运算放大器U1的输出电压会减小,而三极管Q1发射极到基极的二极管压降几乎不变,因此电流调节电阻R3另一端的电压会减小,使得正电压源Vcc到电流调节电阻R3另一端的压差增大,导致三极管Q1的发射极电流以及集电极电流增大,形成电流的负反馈作用,最终使输出电流稳定在预设的正脉冲恒流源电流。当三极管Q1的集电极电流大于预设的正脉冲恒流源电流时,发射极电流同样增大导致正电压源Vcc到电流调节电阻R3另一端的压差增大,此时运算放大器U1反向输入端的电压小于同相输入端的电压,由于负反馈的作用运算放大器U1的输出电压会增大,而三极管Q1发射极到基极的二极管压降几乎不变,因此电流调节电阻R3另一端的电压会增大,使得正电压源Vcc到电流调节电阻R3另一端的压差减小,导致三极管Q1的发射极电路以及集电极电流减小,形成电流的负反馈作用,最终使输出电流稳定在预设的正脉冲恒流源电流。预设的正脉冲恒流源电流计算公式为:The operational amplifier U1 achieves constant current by controlling the voltage difference between the positive voltage source Vcc and the other end of the current adjustment resistor R3 to be constant. The collector current of the transistor Q1 is the positive pulse output current of the bipolar pulse current source; because The current amplification factor of transistor Q1 is large, and the base current of transistor Q1 is negligible, so the collector current of transistor Q1 can be approximately equal to the emitter current; when the collector current is less than the preset positive pulse constant current source current, the emitter The current also decreases, causing the voltage difference between the positive voltage source Vcc and the other end of the current adjustment resistor R3 to decrease. At this time, the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is greater than the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal. Due to the effect of negative feedback, the output voltage of the operational amplifier U1 will decreases, while the diode voltage drop from the emitter to the base of transistor Q1 is almost unchanged, so the voltage at the other end of the current adjustment resistor R3 will decrease, causing the voltage difference from the positive voltage source Vcc to the other end of the current adjustment resistor R3 to increase. This causes the emitter current and collector current of transistor Q1 to increase, forming a negative feedback effect on the current, which ultimately stabilizes the output current at the preset positive pulse constant current source current. When the collector current of transistor Q1 is greater than the preset positive pulse constant current source current, the emitter current also increases, causing the voltage difference between the positive voltage source Vcc and the other end of the current adjustment resistor R3 to increase. At this time, the operational amplifier U1 reverses the direction. The voltage at the input terminal is less than the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal. Due to the effect of negative feedback, the output voltage of the operational amplifier U1 will increase, while the diode voltage drop from the emitter to the base of the transistor Q1 is almost unchanged, so the voltage at the other end of the current adjustment resistor R3 will increase. increases, causing the voltage difference between the positive voltage source Vcc and the other end of the current adjustment resistor R3 to decrease, causing the emitter circuit and collector current of the transistor Q1 to decrease, forming a negative feedback effect on the current, and ultimately stabilizing the output current at the preset value. of positive pulse constant current source current. The preset positive pulse constant current source current calculation formula is:

其中,R3为电流调节电阻R3的阻值。Among them, R 3 is the resistance of the current adjustment resistor R3.

正脉冲恒流源控制电路包含MOS管M1~M4、驱动电阻R4~R8、二极管D1~D2、电容C2、三极管Q2以及正脉冲电流控制端I+_CTR;其中,MOS管M1与M4为N沟道MOS管,MOS管M2与M3为P沟道MOS管,三极管Q2为NPN三极管;MOS管M1的漏极与三极管Q1的集电极相连,MOS管M1的源极接地,MOS管M1的栅极与驱动电阻R4的一端相连,驱动电阻R4的另一端和驱动电阻R5的一端与二极管D1的阴极相连,二极管D1的阳极与驱动电阻R5的另一端、驱动电阻R6的一端、驱动电阻R8的一端以及正脉冲恒流源控制端I+_CTR相连,正脉冲恒流源控制端I+_CTR用于控制正脉冲恒流源快速切换;驱动电阻R6的另一端与MOS管M3和MOS管M4的栅极相连,MOS管M4的源极与负电压源Vee相连,MOS管M4的漏极与MOS管M3的漏极以及驱动电阻R7的一端相连,驱动电阻R7的另一端与电容C2的另一端相连,电容C2的一端和MOS管M2的源极与三极管Q1的集电极相连;驱动电阻R8的另一端与三极管Q2的基极相连,三极管Q2的发射极与MOS管M3的源极以及MOS管M2的栅极相连,三级管Q2的集电极与MOS管M2的源极相连,MOS管M2的漏极与二极管D2的阳极相连,二极管D2的阴极即为正脉冲恒流源的输出端;驱动电阻R7与电容C2的位置可以互换;NPN三极管Q2可通过N沟道MOS管代替,N沟道MOS管的栅极、源极、漏极分别替代NPN三级管的基极、发射极、集电极。The positive pulse constant current source control circuit includes MOS tubes M1~M4, drive resistors R4~R8, diodes D1~D2, capacitor C2, transistor Q2 and positive pulse current control terminal I+_CTR; among them, MOS tubes M1 and M4 are N-channel channel MOS tube, MOS tube M2 and M3 are P-channel MOS tubes, and transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor; the drain of MOS tube M1 is connected to the collector of transistor Q1, the source of MOS tube M1 is grounded, and the gate of MOS tube M1 One end of the driving resistor R4 is connected to the other end of the driving resistor R4 and one end of the driving resistor R5 are connected to the cathode of the diode D1. The anode of the diode D1 is connected to the other end of the driving resistor R5, one end of the driving resistor R6 and one end of the driving resistor R8. It is connected to the positive pulse constant current source control terminal I+_CTR. The positive pulse constant current source control terminal I+_CTR is used to control the rapid switching of the positive pulse constant current source. The other end of the driving resistor R6 is connected to the gates of MOS tube M3 and MOS tube M4. poles are connected, the source of MOS tube M4 is connected to the negative voltage source Vee, the drain of MOS tube M4 is connected to the drain of MOS tube M3 and one end of the driving resistor R7, the other end of the driving resistor R7 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C2 , one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the source of the MOS tube M2 and the collector of the transistor Q1; the other end of the driving resistor R8 is connected to the base of the transistor Q2, and the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the source of the MOS tube M3 and the MOS tube M2 The gate of the transistor Q2 is connected to the source of the MOS tube M2, the drain of the MOS tube M2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is the output terminal of the positive pulse constant current source; the driver The positions of resistor R7 and capacitor C2 can be interchanged; NPN transistor Q2 can be replaced by an N-channel MOS transistor. The gate, source, and drain of the N-channel MOS transistor replace the base, emitter, and emitter of the NPN transistor respectively. collector.

当正脉冲恒流源控制端I+_CTR为高电平时,正脉冲恒流源控制端提供的电流经过二极管D1、驱动电阻R4,为MOS管M1的栅极充电促使其沟道快速开通,正脉冲恒流源控制端为三极管Q2提供基极电流,并经过三极管Q2的电流放大作用促使MOS管M2断开,与此同时,正脉冲恒流源控制端提供电流经过驱动电阻R6为MOS管M3栅极放电以及MOS管M4栅极充电,使得MOS管M3断开、MOS管M4开通,负电压源Vee经过驱动电阻R7为电容C2充电,此时正脉冲恒流源电流不再流经MOS管M2,而只流经MOS管M1,脉冲电流成功完成电流切换。当正脉冲恒流源控制端为低电平时,正脉冲恒流源控制端提供电流经过驱动电阻R4、R5,为MOS管M1的栅极放电促使其延迟沟道夹断,正脉冲恒流源控制端不再为三极管Q2提供基极电流,与此同时,正脉冲恒流源控制端提供电流经过驱动电阻R6为MOS管M3栅极充电以及MOS管M4栅极放电,使得MOS管M3开通、MOS管M4断开,电容C2经过驱动电阻R7以及MOS管M3,为MOS管M2的栅极充电使其开通,此时正脉冲恒流源电流不再流经MOS管M1,而只流经MOS管M2,脉冲电流成功完成电流切换。值得注意的是,需要调节驱动电阻R4、R8使MOS管M1、M2具有一定的导通重叠时间,以防止滤波电感L1的电流没有续流回路。When the positive pulse constant current source control terminal I+_CTR is at a high level, the current provided by the positive pulse constant current source control terminal passes through the diode D1 and the driving resistor R4, charging the gate of the MOS tube M1 and prompting its channel to quickly open. The control terminal of the pulse constant current source provides base current to the transistor Q2, and the current amplification effect of the transistor Q2 causes the MOS tube M2 to turn off. At the same time, the control terminal of the positive pulse constant current source provides current to the MOS tube M3 through the driving resistor R6. The gate discharge and the gate charging of MOS tube M4 cause MOS tube M3 to turn off and MOS tube M4 to turn on. The negative voltage source Vee charges the capacitor C2 through the driving resistor R7. At this time, the positive pulse constant current source current no longer flows through the MOS tube. M2, and only flows through the MOS tube M1, the pulse current successfully completes the current switching. When the control terminal of the positive pulse constant current source is low level, the control terminal of the positive pulse constant current source provides current through the driving resistors R4 and R5, which discharges the gate of the MOS tube M1 and prompts its delay channel to be pinched off. The positive pulse constant current source The control terminal no longer provides base current for transistor Q2. At the same time, the positive pulse constant current source control terminal provides current through the drive resistor R6 to charge the gate of MOS tube M3 and discharge the gate of MOS tube M4, causing MOS tube M3 to turn on. MOS tube M4 is disconnected, and capacitor C2 charges the gate of MOS tube M2 through the driving resistor R7 and MOS tube M3 to turn it on. At this time, the positive pulse constant current source current no longer flows through MOS tube M1, but only flows through MOS In tube M2, the pulse current successfully completes the current switching. It is worth noting that the driving resistors R4 and R8 need to be adjusted so that the MOS tubes M1 and M2 have a certain conduction overlap time to prevent the current of the filter inductor L1 from having no freewheeling circuit.

负脉冲恒流源包括负参考电位选取电路、反向恒流源电路和负脉冲恒流源控制电路;其中,负参考电位选取电路包括分压电阻R9、R10和噪声滤除电容C3;分压电阻R10的一端与负电压源Vee连接,另一端与分压电阻R9的一端、运算放大器U2的同相输入端以及噪声滤除电容C3的一端连接形成连接点,连接点为后级恒流源电路提供负参考电位Vref_I-;分压电阻R9以及滤除电容C3的另一端接地。噪声滤除电容C3可选取1μF。负参考电位计算公式为:The negative pulse constant current source includes a negative reference potential selection circuit, a reverse constant current source circuit and a negative pulse constant current source control circuit; among them, the negative reference potential selection circuit includes voltage dividing resistors R9, R10 and noise filtering capacitor C3; voltage dividing One end of the resistor R10 is connected to the negative voltage source Vee, and the other end is connected to one end of the voltage dividing resistor R9, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 and one end of the noise filter capacitor C3 to form a connection point. The connection point is the subsequent constant current source circuit. Provide a negative reference potential V ref_I- ; the voltage dividing resistor R9 and the other end of the filter capacitor C3 are connected to ground. The noise filter capacitor C3 can be selected as 1μF. The negative reference potential calculation formula is:

其中,R9、R10为分压电阻R9、R10的阻值,Vee为负电压源Vee的电压。Among them, R 9 and R 10 are the resistance values of the voltage dividing resistors R9 and R10, and V ee is the voltage of the negative voltage source Vee.

负参考电位选取电路除了使用电阻分压的结构,还可通过DAC的方式产生如图2所示;DAC信号可由专门的DAC芯片或者单片机的DAC外设产生,DAC信号接电阻R4一端,电阻R4另一端与电阻R5以及运算放大器反向输入端连接,电阻R5的另一端与运算放大器输出端连接,电阻R6一端与运算放大器同相输入端连接另一端接地,DAC信号经过反相比例电路输出得到负参考电位Vref_I-In addition to using a resistor voltage dividing structure, the negative reference potential selection circuit can also be generated by a DAC as shown in Figure 2; the DAC signal can be generated by a specialized DAC chip or the DAC peripheral of a microcontroller. The DAC signal is connected to one end of the resistor R4, and the resistor R4 The other end is connected to the resistor R5 and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier. The other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier. One end of the resistor R6 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier and the other end is grounded. The DAC signal is output through the inverting proportional circuit to obtain the negative Reference potential V ref_I- .

反向恒流源电路包括滤波电感L2、电流调节电阻R11、运算放大器U2和三极管Q3;滤波电感L2的一端与负电压源Vee连接,另一端与电流调节电阻R11的一端连接,电流调节电阻R11的另一端与三极管Q3的发射极以及运算放大器U2的反相输入端连接,三极管Q3的基极与运算放大器U2的输出端连接,三极管Q3的集电极与负脉冲恒流源控制电路的MOS管M5的漏极、MOS管M8的源极、三极管Q4的集电极以及电容C4的一端连接;其中,三极管Q3为NPN三极管,此处的NPN三极管也可用N沟道MOS管代替,N沟道MOS的栅极、源极、漏极分别替代PNP三级管的基极、发射极、集电极。The reverse constant current source circuit includes filter inductor L2, current adjustment resistor R11, operational amplifier U2 and transistor Q3; one end of the filter inductor L2 is connected to the negative voltage source Vee, and the other end is connected to one end of the current adjustment resistor R11. The current adjustment resistor R11 The other end of the transistor Q3 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q3 and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2. The base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2. The collector of the transistor Q3 is connected to the MOS tube of the negative pulse constant current source control circuit. The drain of M5, the source of MOS tube M8, the collector of transistor Q4 and one end of capacitor C4 are connected; among them, transistor Q3 is an NPN transistor. The NPN transistor here can also be replaced by an N-channel MOS tube. N-channel MOS The gate, source and drain replace the base, emitter and collector of the PNP transistor respectively.

运算放大器U2通过控制负电压源Vee到电流调节电阻R11另一端的压差恒定的方式达到恒定电流的目的,三极管Q3的集电极电流即为该双极性脉冲电流源的负脉冲输出电流。由于三极管Q3的电流放大倍数较大基极电流可忽略,因此集电极电流可约等于发射极电流,当集电极电流小于预设的恒流源电流时,发射极电流同样减小导致负电压源Vee到电流调节电阻R11另一端的压差减小,此时运算放大器U2反向输入端的电压小于同相输入端的电压,由于负反馈的作用运算放大器U2的输出电压会增大,而三极管Q3发射极到基极的二极管压降几乎不变,因此电流调节电阻R11另一端的电压会增大,负电压源Vee到电流调节电阻R11另一端的压差增大,导致三极管Q3的发射极以及集电极电流增大,形成电流的负反馈作用,最终使输出电流稳定在预设的负脉冲恒流源电流。当三极管Q3的集电极电流大于预设的负脉冲恒流源电流时,发射极电流同样增大导致负电压源Vee到电流调节电阻R11另一端的压差减小,此时运算放大器U2反向输入端的电压大于同相输入端的电压,由于负反馈的作用运算放大器U2的输出电压会减小,而三极管Q3发射极到基极的二极管压降几乎不变,因此电流调节电阻R11另一端的电压会减小,负电压源Vee到电流调节电阻R11另一端的压差减小,导致三极管Q3的发射极以及集电极电流减小,形成电流的负反馈作用,最终使输出电流稳定在预设的负脉冲恒流源电流。预设的负脉冲恒流源电流的计算公式为:The operational amplifier U2 achieves constant current by controlling the voltage difference between the negative voltage source Vee and the other end of the current adjustment resistor R11 to be constant. The collector current of the transistor Q3 is the negative pulse output current of the bipolar pulse current source. Since the current amplification factor of transistor Q3 is large and the base current can be ignored, the collector current can be approximately equal to the emitter current. When the collector current is less than the preset constant current source current, the emitter current also decreases resulting in a negative voltage source. The voltage difference between Vee and the other end of the current adjustment resistor R11 decreases. At this time, the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2 is less than the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal. Due to the effect of negative feedback, the output voltage of the operational amplifier U2 will increase, and the emitter of the transistor Q3 The diode voltage drop to the base is almost unchanged, so the voltage at the other end of the current adjustment resistor R11 will increase, and the voltage difference from the negative voltage source Vee to the other end of the current adjustment resistor R11 will increase, causing the emitter and collector of the transistor Q3 to The current increases, forming a negative feedback effect on the current, which ultimately stabilizes the output current at the preset negative pulse constant current source current. When the collector current of transistor Q3 is greater than the preset negative pulse constant current source current, the emitter current also increases, causing the voltage difference between the negative voltage source Vee and the other end of the current adjustment resistor R11 to decrease. At this time, the operational amplifier U2 reverses The voltage at the input terminal is greater than the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal. Due to the effect of negative feedback, the output voltage of the operational amplifier U2 will decrease, while the diode voltage drop from the emitter to the base of the transistor Q3 is almost unchanged, so the voltage at the other end of the current adjustment resistor R11 will decreases, the voltage difference between the negative voltage source Vee and the other end of the current adjustment resistor R11 decreases, causing the emitter and collector current of the transistor Q3 to decrease, forming a negative feedback effect on the current, and finally stabilizing the output current at the preset negative value. Pulse constant current source current. The calculation formula of the preset negative pulse constant current source current is:

其中,R11为电流调节电阻R11的阻值。Among them, R 11 is the resistance of the current adjustment resistor R11.

负脉冲恒流源控制电路包括MOS管M5~M8、驱动电阻R12~R16、二极管D3~D4、电容C4、三极管Q4和负脉冲电流控制端;其中,MOS管M7与M8为N沟道MOS管,MOS管M5与M6为P沟道MOS管,三极管Q4为PNP三极管;MOS管M5的源极接地,MOS管M5的漏极与三极管Q3的集电极相连,MOS管M5的栅极与驱动电阻R12的一端相连,驱动电阻R12的另一端与驱动电阻R13的一端和二极管D3的阳极相连,二极管D3的阴极与驱动电阻R13的另一端、驱动电阻R14的一端、驱动电阻R16的一端以及负脉冲电流控制端相连,负脉冲电流控制端用于控制负脉冲恒流源快速切换;驱动电阻R14的另一端与MOS管M6和MOS管M7的栅极相连,MOS管M6的源极与正电压源Vcc相连,MOS管M6的漏极与MOS管M7的漏极以及驱动电阻R15的一端相连,驱动电阻R15的另一端与电容C4的一端相连,电容C4的另一端与MOS管M8的源极以及三极管Q4的集电极相连;驱动电阻R16的另一端与三极管Q4的基极相连,三极管Q4的发射极与MOS管M7的源极以及MOS管M8的栅极相连,三极管Q4的集电极与MOS管M8的源极相连,MOS管M8的漏极与二极管D4的阴极相连,二极管D4的阳极即为负脉冲恒流源的输出端;驱动电阻R15与电容C4的位置可以互换;PNP三极管Q2可通过P沟道MOS管代替,P沟道MOS管的栅极、源极、漏极分别替代PNP三级管的基极、发射极、集电极。The negative pulse constant current source control circuit includes MOS tubes M5~M8, drive resistors R12~R16, diodes D3~D4, capacitor C4, transistor Q4 and negative pulse current control terminal; among them, MOS tubes M7 and M8 are N-channel MOS tubes , MOS transistors M5 and M6 are P-channel MOS transistors, and transistor Q4 is a PNP transistor; the source of MOS transistor M5 is connected to ground, the drain of MOS transistor M5 is connected to the collector of transistor Q3, and the gate of MOS transistor M5 is connected to the driving resistor. One end of R12 is connected, the other end of the driving resistor R12 is connected to one end of the driving resistor R13 and the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the other end of the driving resistor R13, one end of the driving resistor R14, one end of the driving resistor R16 and the negative pulse The current control terminal is connected, and the negative pulse current control terminal is used to control the rapid switching of the negative pulse constant current source; the other end of the driving resistor R14 is connected to the gates of MOS tube M6 and MOS tube M7, and the source of MOS tube M6 is connected to the positive voltage source. Vcc is connected, the drain of MOS tube M6 is connected to the drain of MOS tube M7 and one end of driving resistor R15, the other end of driving resistor R15 is connected to one end of capacitor C4, the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to the source of MOS tube M8 and The collector of transistor Q4 is connected; the other end of the driving resistor R16 is connected to the base of transistor Q4, the emitter of transistor Q4 is connected to the source of MOS tube M7 and the gate of MOS tube M8, and the collector of transistor Q4 is connected to the MOS tube. The source of M8 is connected, and the drain of MOS tube M8 is connected to the cathode of diode D4. The anode of diode D4 is the output terminal of the negative pulse constant current source; the positions of driving resistor R15 and capacitor C4 can be interchanged; PNP transistor Q2 can Replaced by a P-channel MOS transistor, the gate, source, and drain of the P-channel MOS transistor replace the base, emitter, and collector of the PNP transistor respectively.

当负脉冲恒流源控制端I-_CTR为低电平时,负脉冲恒流源控制端提供电流经过二极管D3、驱动电阻R13,为MOS管M5的栅极充电促使其沟道快速开通,负脉冲恒流源控制端为三极管Q4提供基极电流,并经过三极管Q4的电流放大作用促使MOS管M8断开,与此同时,负脉冲恒流源控制端提供电流经过驱动电阻R14为MOS管M7栅极放电以及MOS管M6栅极充电,使得MOS管M7断开、MOS管M6开通,正电压源Vcc通过驱动电阻R15为电容C4充电,此时负脉冲恒流源电流不再流经MOS管M8,而只流经MOS管M5,脉冲电流成功完成电流切换。当负脉冲恒流源控制端I+_CTR为高电平时,负脉冲恒流源控制端提供电流经过驱动电阻R12、R13,为MOS管M5的栅极放电促使其延迟沟道夹断,负脉冲恒流源控制端不再为三级管Q4提供基极电流,与此同时,负脉冲恒流源控制端提供电流经过驱动电阻R14为MOS管M7栅极充电以及MOS管M6栅极放电,使得MOS管M7开通、MOS管M6断开,电容C4经过驱动电阻R15以及MOS管M7,为MOS管M8的栅极充电使其开通,此时正脉冲恒流源电流不再流经MOS管M5,而只流经MOS管M8,脉冲电流成功完成电流切换。值得注意的是,需要调节驱动电阻R4、R8,使MOS管M5、M8具有一定的导通重叠时间,以防止滤波电感L2的电流没有续流回路。When the negative pulse constant current source control terminal I-_CTR is low level, the negative pulse constant current source control terminal provides current through the diode D3 and the driving resistor R13 to charge the gate of the MOS tube M5 and prompt its channel to quickly open. The negative pulse The constant current source control terminal provides base current for transistor Q4, and through the current amplification effect of transistor Q4, the MOS tube M8 is turned off. At the same time, the negative pulse constant current source control terminal provides current through the driving resistor R14 for the gate of MOS tube M7. The positive voltage source Vcc charges the capacitor C4 through the driving resistor R15. At this time, the negative pulse constant current source current no longer flows through the MOS tube M8. , and only flows through the MOS tube M5, the pulse current successfully completes the current switching. When the negative pulse constant current source control terminal I+_CTR is high level, the negative pulse constant current source control terminal provides current through the drive resistors R12 and R13, which discharges the gate of MOS tube M5 and prompts its delay channel to be pinched off, and the negative pulse The constant current source control terminal no longer provides base current for the three-stage transistor Q4. At the same time, the negative pulse constant current source control terminal provides current through the drive resistor R14 to charge the gate of the MOS tube M7 and discharge the gate of the MOS tube M6, so that MOS tube M7 is turned on and MOS tube M6 is turned off. Capacitor C4 charges the gate of MOS tube M8 through the driving resistor R15 and MOS tube M7 to turn it on. At this time, the positive pulse constant current source current no longer flows through MOS tube M5. And only flowing through MOS tube M8, the pulse current successfully completes the current switching. It is worth noting that the driving resistors R4 and R8 need to be adjusted so that the MOS tubes M5 and M8 have a certain conduction overlap time to prevent the current of the filter inductor L2 from having no freewheeling circuit.

图3、4分别为SiC MOSFET阈值电压测量电路以及体二极管压降测量电路。在测量阈值电压时,需要将SiC MOSFET的栅极和漏极短接,通过上述双极性脉冲恒流源的正脉冲电流控制端I+_CTR控制正脉冲恒流源,当正脉冲恒流源输出恒定电流时,SiC MOSFET漏极与源极之间的端电压即为阈值电压。在测量体二极管压降时,需要将SiC MOSFET的栅极和源极施加负压,通过上述双极性脉冲恒流源的负脉冲电流控制端I-_CTR控制负脉冲恒流源,当负脉冲恒流源输出恒定电流时,SiC MOSFET漏极与源极之间的端电压即为体二极管压降。Figures 3 and 4 are the SiC MOSFET threshold voltage measurement circuit and the body diode voltage drop measurement circuit respectively. When measuring the threshold voltage, the gate and drain of the SiC MOSFET need to be short-circuited, and the positive pulse constant current source is controlled through the positive pulse current control terminal I+_CTR of the above-mentioned bipolar pulse constant current source. When the positive pulse constant current source When outputting a constant current, the terminal voltage between the drain and source of the SiC MOSFET is the threshold voltage. When measuring the body diode voltage drop, it is necessary to apply negative voltage to the gate and source of the SiC MOSFET, and control the negative pulse constant current source through the negative pulse current control terminal I-_CTR of the above-mentioned bipolar pulse constant current source. When the negative pulse When the constant current source outputs a constant current, the terminal voltage between the drain and source of the SiC MOSFET is the body diode voltage drop.

本发明未述及之处适用于现有技术。The parts not described in the present invention are applicable to the existing technology.

Claims (6)

1. A bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate comprises a positive pulse constant current source and a negative pulse constant current source; the positive pulse constant current source comprises a positive reference potential selection circuit, a positive constant current source circuit and a positive pulse constant current source control circuit; the negative pulse constant current source comprises a negative reference potential selection circuit, a reverse constant current source circuit and a negative pulse constant current source control circuit;
the positive pulse constant current source control circuit comprises MOS tubes M1-M4, driving resistors R4-R8, diodes D1-D2, a capacitor C2, a triode Q2 and a positive pulse current control end; the triode Q2 is an NPN triode, the MOS transistors M1 and M4 are N-channel MOS transistors, and the MOS transistors M2 and M3 are P-channel MOS transistors; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q1 of the forward constant current source circuit, the source electrode of the MOS tube M1 is grounded, the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with one end of the driving resistor R4, the other end of the driving resistor R4 and one end of the driving resistor R5 are connected with the cathode of the diode D1, and the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the other end of the driving resistor R5, one end of the driving resistor R6, one end of the driving resistor R8 and the positive pulse constant current source control end; the other end of the driving resistor R6 is connected with the grid electrodes of the MOS tube M3 and the MOS tube M4, the source electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with a negative voltage source, the drain electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 and one end of the driving resistor R7, the other end of the driving resistor R7 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C2, one end of the capacitor C2 and the source electrode of the MOS tube M2 are connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q1 of the forward constant current source circuit; the other end of the driving resistor R8 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2, the emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M3 and the grid electrode of the MOS tube M2, the collector electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M2, the drain electrode of the MOS tube M2 is connected with the anode electrode of the diode D2, and the cathode electrode of the diode D2 is the output end of a positive pulse constant current source;
the negative pulse constant current source control circuit comprises MOS tubes M5-M8, driving resistors R12-R16, diodes D3-D4, a capacitor C4, a triode Q4 and a negative pulse current control end; the MOS transistors M7 and M8 are N-channel MOS transistors, the MOS transistors M5 and M6 are P-channel MOS transistors, and the triode Q4 is a PNP triode; the source electrode of the MOS tube M5 is grounded, the drain electrode of the MOS tube M5 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q3 of the reverse constant current source circuit, the grid electrode of the MOS tube M5 is connected with one end of the driving resistor R12, the other end of the driving resistor R12 is connected with one end of the driving resistor R13 and the anode of the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected with the other end of the driving resistor R13, one end of the driving resistor R14, one end of the driving resistor R16 and the negative pulse current control end; the other end of the driving resistor R14 is connected with the grid electrodes of the MOS tube M6 and the MOS tube M7, the source electrode of the MOS tube M6 is connected with a positive voltage source, the drain electrode of the MOS tube M6 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube M7 and one end of the driving resistor R15, the other end of the driving resistor R15 is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, and the other end of the capacitor C4, the source electrode of the MOS tube M8 and the collector electrode of the triode Q4 are connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q3 of the reverse constant current source circuit; the other end of the driving resistor R16 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q4, the emitter electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M7 and the grid electrode of the MOS tube M8, the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube M8, the drain electrode of the MOS tube M8 is connected with the cathode of the diode D4, and the anode of the diode D4 is the output end of the negative pulse constant current source.
2. The bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate according to claim 1, wherein the positive reference potential selecting circuit comprises voltage dividing resistors R1, R2 and a noise filtering capacitor C1; one end of the voltage dividing resistor R1 is connected with a positive voltage source, the other end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 is connected with one end of the noise filtering capacitor C1 and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 of the forward constant current source circuit, and the other ends of the voltage dividing resistor R2 and the noise filtering capacitor C1 are grounded; or the positive reference potential selecting circuit adopts DAC signals to output positive reference potential through the in-phase proportional operation circuit.
3. The bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the forward constant current source circuit comprises a filter inductance L1, a current adjusting resistor R3, an operational amplifier U1 and a triode Q1, the triode Q1 being a PNP triode; one end of the filter inductor L1 is connected with a positive voltage source, the other end of the filter inductor L1 is connected with one end of the current regulating resistor R3, the other end of the current regulating resistor R3 is connected with an emitter of the triode Q1 and an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, a base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with an output end of the operational amplifier U1, and a collector electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with a positive pulse constant current source control circuit.
4. The bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate according to claim 1, wherein the negative reference potential selecting circuit comprises voltage dividing resistors R9, R10 and a noise filtering capacitor C3; one end of the voltage dividing resistor R10 is connected with a negative voltage source, and the other end of the voltage dividing resistor R9 is connected with one end of the noise filtering capacitor C3 and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 of the reverse constant current source circuit, and the other ends of the voltage dividing resistor R9 and the filtering capacitor C3 are grounded.
5. The bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the reverse constant current source circuit comprises a filter inductance L2, a current adjusting resistor R11, an operational amplifier U2 and a triode Q3, and the triode Q3 is an NPN triode; one end of the filter inductor L2 is connected with a negative voltage source, the other end of the filter inductor L2 is connected with one end of the current regulating resistor R11, the other end of the current regulating resistor R11 is connected with an emitter of the triode Q3 and an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, a base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with an output end of the operational amplifier U2, and a collector electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with a negative pulse constant current source control circuit.
6. The bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate according to claim 1, wherein when the positive pulse constant current source control end outputs high level, the positive pulse constant current source current provided by the positive pulse constant current source control end passes through the diode D1 and the driving resistor R4 to charge the grid electrode of the MOS transistor M1 so as to rapidly turn on the MOS transistor M1, the positive pulse constant current source control end provides base current for the triode Q2 so as to disconnect the MOS transistor M2, meanwhile, the positive pulse constant current source current passes through the driving resistor R6 to discharge the grid electrode of the MOS transistor M3 and charge the grid electrode of the MOS transistor M4 so as to disconnect the MOS transistor M3 and turn on the MOS transistor M4, and the negative voltage source passes through the driving resistor R7 to charge the capacitor C2, so that the positive pulse constant current source current does not flow through the MOS transistor M2 but only flows through the MOS transistor M1, and current switching is completed; when the positive pulse constant current source control end outputs a low level, the positive pulse constant current source current provided by the positive pulse constant current source control end passes through the driving resistors R4 and R5 to rapidly disconnect the MOS tube M1 for grid discharge of the MOS tube M1, the positive pulse constant current source control end does not provide base current for the triode Q2 any more, meanwhile, the positive pulse constant current source current charges the grid of the MOS tube M3 and discharges the grid of the MOS tube M4 through the driving resistor R6 to open the MOS tube M3, the MOS tube M4 is disconnected, the capacitor C2 charges the grid of the MOS tube M2 through the driving resistor R7 and the MOS tube M3 to open the MOS tube M2, and at the moment, the current does not flow through the MOS tube M1 any more but only flows through the MOS tube M2 to finish current switching;
when the negative pulse constant current source control end outputs a low level, the negative pulse constant current source current provided by the negative pulse constant current source control end passes through the diode D3 and the driving resistor R13 to charge the grid electrode of the MOS tube M5 so as to enable the MOS tube M5 to be rapidly opened, the negative pulse constant current source control end provides base current for the triode Q4 so as to enable the MOS tube M8 to be disconnected, meanwhile, the negative pulse constant current source current passes through the driving resistor R14 to discharge the grid electrode of the MOS tube M7 and charge the grid electrode of the MOS tube M6 so as to enable the MOS tube M7 to be disconnected, the MOS tube M6 is opened, the positive voltage source charges the capacitor C4 through the driving resistor R15, and at the moment, the negative pulse constant current source current does not flow through the MOS tube M8 but only flows through the MOS tube M5, and current switching is completed; when the negative pulse constant current source control end outputs a high level, the negative pulse constant current source current provided by the negative pulse constant current source control end passes through the driving resistors R12 and R13 to rapidly disconnect the MOS tube M5 for grid discharge of the MOS tube M5, the negative pulse constant current source control end does not provide base current for the transistor Q4 any more, meanwhile, the negative pulse constant current source current charges the grid of the MOS tube M7 and discharges the grid of the MOS tube M6 through the driving resistor R14, the MOS tube M7 is opened, the MOS tube M6 is disconnected, the capacitor C4 charges the grid of the MOS tube M8 through the driving resistor R15 and the MOS tube M7, and the MOS tube M8 is opened, at the moment, the positive pulse constant current source current does not flow through the MOS tube M5 any more and only flows through the MOS tube M8, and current switching is completed.
CN202311163877.8A 2023-09-11 2023-09-11 Bipolar pulse constant current source with high switching rate Pending CN117055674A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117519396A (en) * 2023-12-27 2024-02-06 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 Load self-adaptive high-efficiency pulse constant current source and control method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117519396A (en) * 2023-12-27 2024-02-06 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 Load self-adaptive high-efficiency pulse constant current source and control method
CN117519396B (en) * 2023-12-27 2024-03-22 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 A load-adaptive high-efficiency pulse constant current source and control method

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