CN117050164A - 透皮增强肽及其应用 - Google Patents
透皮增强肽及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物技术领域,涉及一种透皮增强肽及其应用。所述透皮增强肽的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1至SEQ ID NO:40任一所示。其用于有效地将活性成分递送至角质层以下并发挥功效,所述活性成分因其分子量或角质层的固有特性不易透过皮肤。本发明的多肽基于食品来源,来源安全且对细胞无毒性,是一种绿色来源,有着良好生物兼容性,生物安全性高的透皮增强肽,具有高的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,涉及一种透皮增强肽及其应用。
背景技术
皮肤是持续与外部环境接触的组织,起着保护屏障的作用,其低渗透性严重限制了大多数活性成分的渗透。皮肤的主要透过屏障位于最外层,即角质层,它由嵌入多个脂质双层中的富含角蛋白的细胞组成,结构致密(Peña-Juárez MC, Guadarrama-Escobar OR,Escobar-Chávez JJ. Transdermal Delivery Systems for Biomolecules. J PharmInnov. 2022;17(2):319-332. doi: 10.1007/s12247-020-09525-2. Epub 2021 Jan 6.PMID: 33425065; PMCID: PMC7786146.)。
为了穿透角质层,活性成分必须通过富含角蛋白的细胞周围曲折的脂质路径,或在富含角蛋白的水相和脂质相之间反复分配。因此,只有具有最佳理化特性(分子量小于500 Da,高疏水性以及在水性和非水性溶剂中具有足够的溶解性)的活性成分才能通过角质层被动转运。与口服给药和注射给药相比,为避免肝脏首过效应,活性成分的经皮给药方式不失为一种潜力巨大的给药方式。如何进一步提高活性成分通过皮肤的效率,探索它们在皮肤健康领域或各种疾病模型中的应用,使现在难以透皮吸收的大分子活性成分可以实现透皮给药,是亟待解决的问题和未来研究的方向。近年来已有相关研究报道了多种方法来促进活性成分的经皮吸收,包括物理学方法如离子导入、电致孔、超声导入、微针等; 药剂学方法如微乳、脂质体、纳米粒等; 生物化学法及促渗法的综合应用等。其中促渗剂以其成本低、处方设计灵活、工艺便捷等特点仍是增加活性成分经皮吸收的最佳选择。目前,已广泛应用的化学促渗剂,如亚砜类、氮酮、醇类等,其存在生物相容性低和刺激性大等缺陷。此外,新发现的合成生物促渗剂(透皮肽)逐渐引起关注,其促渗范围更广,具有良好的生物相容性、无毒性刺激性、起效迅速,具有选择性和特异性等特点。
目前用于筛选透皮肽的方法主要是噬菌体展示和mRNA展示技术,其中在筛选,鉴定透皮肽中应用的比较广泛的是噬菌体展示技术。噬菌体展示技术是将外源性多肽表达在噬菌体表面,从而获得基因型和表型相联系的特异性人工噬菌体,再与固相上的靶蛋白分子或靶细胞相互作用。透皮增强肽通常是由 5 ~ 30 个氨基酸(1000 ~1500 Da)构成的小肽,被认为是化学渗透促进剂的安全替代品,具有无创、无毒且无刺激性的特点,透皮增强肽利用其所具有的大分子物质转导功能,将一些自身无法透皮的药物携带透过皮肤。透皮肽可携带转运的药物分布广泛,从普通药物到 siRNA、质粒、DNA、蛋白质等都能被透皮输送,显示了强大的透皮介导能力。透皮增强肽来源于噬菌体展示肽库,大多为环肽。通过与皮肤蛋白(主要是角蛋白)相互作用,引起皮肤蛋白二级结构的变化,增加药物进入角质细胞。目前已经被发现且应用广泛的肽为 SPACE肽。当 SPACE 肽与 siRNA 等药物偶联时,可增强药物穿过角质层屏障进入表皮或真皮。SPACE 肽递送的药物通过大胞饮途径进入细胞,此途径不与内溶酶体共域,因此,该肽不会被溶酶体快速降解 。Chen 等进一步研究,将SPACE 肽与siRNA 偶联后制备成醇质体制剂来增强 siRNA 的透皮递送,该系统使 siRNA对猪皮肤的渗透性提高了(6.3±1.7)倍,表皮中 siRNA 的积累增加了约 10倍,siRNA 在细胞水平上的渗透性也得到增强 (Chen M, Zakrewsky M, Gupta V, Anselmo AC, SleeDH, Muraski JA, Mitragotri S. Topical delivery of siRNA into skin usingSPACE-peptide carriers. J Control Release. 2014 Apr 10;179:33-41. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Jan 13. PMID: 24434423; PMCID:PMC4425738.0) 。
此外,已有文献报道通过噬菌体展示技术筛选了一个具有促渗作用的短肽TD-1( ACSSSPSKHCG) 并证实了TD-1能够有效地促进不同构象的胰岛素透过皮肤进入体循环。同时,结果提示,TD-1可能特异性地使皮肤屏障打开瞬时通道,从而介导胰岛素转运通过皮肤屏障(Chen Y, Shen Y, Guo X, Zhang C, Yang W, Ma M, Liu S, Zhang M, Wen LP.Transdermal protein delivery by a coadministered peptide identified via phagedisplay. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Apr;24(4):455-60. doi: 10.1038/nbt1193. Epub2006 Mar 26. PMID: 16565728.)。
发明内容
首先本发明基于现有的机器学习与人工智能工具,通过重叠肽库设计透皮增强肽文库,借助MLCPP 2.0和BChemRF-CPPred预测工具筛选能够高效快速地评分较高的透皮增强肽,再通过细胞实验进一步筛选出渗透性较好的透皮增强肽,筛选出的透皮增强肽可作活性成分递送的载体,在生物医药领域和化妆品领域得到广泛的应用。为了达到上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案为:
本发明首先提供一种透皮增强肽,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1至SEQ ID NO:40任一所示。
优选地,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:7、SEQID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:13、SEQ ID NO:19或SEQ ID NO:35所示。
另外优选地,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4或SEQ IDNO:13所示。
本发明还提供所述的透皮增强肽的编码多核苷酸。
本发明也提供所述的透皮增强肽在制备用于增强药物等活性成分通过皮肤进入体内的制剂中的应用。
本发明尤其提供所述的透皮增强肽在制备皮肤用产品中的应用。
具体地,所述透皮增强肽起促渗剂的作用,起促进药物等活性成分渗透进皮肤的作用。
在具体实施方式中,所述皮肤用产品是药物和化妆品,更具体是,所述皮肤用产品是护手霜、眼霜、皮肤保湿产品或皮肤防晒产品。
本发明的透皮增强肽来源于天然食品蛋白和人源生长相关因子,具有来源安全且对细胞无毒性,有着良好生物兼容性,生物安全性高的的优点,且可以通过化学合成、生物合成以及纯化提取等方式获得。本发明的透皮增强肽可用于有效地将活性成分递送至角质层以下并发挥功效,尤其适用于因其分子量或角质层的固有特性不易透过皮肤的那些活性成分。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中的下层接收液的颜色情况图。
图2为SPP的渗透率效果图。
实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,以期更好的理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限制。
实施例1、肽库建立和筛选
1)确定蛋白来源
乳铁蛋白(lactotransferrin)是一种多功能球状蛋白,广泛存在于动物和人体的各种分泌液中,乳铁蛋白具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗癌等多种生物活性,在婴儿配方食品、化妆品等产品中都有应用,安全性高,既可作为人体营养来源,补充铁和氨基酸,又可作为预防和治疗人类多种疾病的药物,用于维持肠道内菌群平衡,防止感染和抵抗病毒,抑制肿瘤发生与转移,阻碍体内产生自由基损伤机体等。
表皮生长因子(Epidermal growth factor,EGF)是一种耐热单链低分子多肽,EGF无糖基部分,非常稳定,耐热耐酸,广泛存在于动物和人体的体液中和多种腺体中,EGF可加速新细胞生成,提高新细胞数量,促进皮肤细胞新陈代谢,死皮层逐渐脱落,并保持光滑肤质,有皮肤弹性增强,皮肤皱纹减少和防止皮肤衰老的作用,因此EGF常用来帮助组织再生,修复体表创伤和溃疡,应用于药物和化妆品中。
转化生长因子β(TGF-β)属于转化生长因子家族的多功能细胞因子,是一种分泌性蛋白,可由免疫细胞调节细胞生长和分化,其关键作用是调节炎症过程。其目前主要作为细胞因子应用促进成纤维细胞分化。也有研究认为TGF-β在治疗伤口愈合,促进软骨和骨修复以及通过免疫抑制治疗自身免疫性疾病和移植排斥等方面有潜在的应用前景。
上述蛋白多分布于人体和动物体液中,而且具有修复性的作用,且乳铁蛋白已应用于食品中,基于上述来源于动物和人体的绿色安全蛋白设计透皮增强肽文库。
2)AI高通量筛选肽库
(1)将上述肽库通过MLCPP 2.0和BChemRF-CPPred服务器进行筛选,多肽长度范围设定为6-30氨基酸,通过预测和对比得到上述肽的穿膜强度和评分。
(2)根据步骤(1)预测的透皮增强肽评分阈值>0.7,筛选得到40个肽序列,结果如表2所示,其中多肽促透皮与细胞膜穿透机制不尽相同,但有共通之处;当前仍然缺乏直接的透皮效果预测工具,本发明是以细胞膜穿透预测来对透皮多肽进行筛选。
3)多肽合成
根据步骤1筛选出来的40个透皮增强肽序列,通过固相化学合成法进行合成,用于后续实验。
表1、40个肽的序列信息
实施例2、基于皮肤模型筛选和验证透皮增强肽
相关试剂配制:
1)皮肤模型:巴马猪背部皮肤,30日龄
透皮接收液:用灭菌蒸馏水作为溶剂,配置0.9%氯化钠水溶液。
3)透皮增强肽储备液的配制:用灭菌蒸馏水作为溶剂,配制浓度为1 mM的透皮增强肽储备液后小量分装备用- 20℃保存。本发明选自以下任意一条氨基酸序列所示多肽:SEQ ID NO:1- SEQ ID NO:40。 多肽从金斯瑞生物科技股份有限公司订制合成,带有绿色荧光标记冻干粉,用纯水溶解。
实验方案:
Sample #1 透皮增强肽与活性成分的混合
活性成分选择具有抗皱功效的六胜肽(EEMQRR),将SPP(SEQ ID NO:1- SEQ IDNO:40)、TD-1、肌醇分别加入六胜肽水溶液中,室温条件下超声使其充分分散混合。其中,六胜肽终浓度为2 mM,SPP和TD-1的终浓度为200μM,肌醇终浓度为1%。
Sample #2 体外皮肤渗透性试验
采用Franz透皮扩散池进行体外皮肤渗透性试验。具体操作如下:巴马猪,30日龄,处死后用剪刀剪下背部完整皮肤。用沾有生理盐水的棉球擦拭皮肤的真皮层,去除粘附的皮下组织,再用生理盐水洗涤皮肤,擦干,用锡箔纸包裹,置于- 20ºC的冰箱中保存,备用。将准备好的皮肤固定于Franz扩散池的供给室与接收室之间,其中皮肤的表层面向供给室,该扩散池的有效渗透面积为1.327 cm2。向接收室加入体积为3.8ml的 0.9%氯化钠水溶液,使得液面与皮肤能够紧密接触。向供给室加入1ml透皮增强肽与活性成分的混合液。实验过程中采用水浴加热,使温度保持在32ºC,并以350 r/min的转速搅拌。8h时对渗透效果进行定量。
实验结果:
高效液相色谱法检测透皮增强肽对六胜肽的促渗结果如下表2所示,在200uM多肽浓度作用下,对比阳性对照多肽TD-1和1%肌醇,SPP-1(SEQ ID NO:1)、SPP-7(SEQ ID NO:7)、SPP-11(SEQ.ID NO:11)、SPP-13(SEQ ID NO:13)、SPP-19(SEQ ID NO:19)和SPP-35(SEQID NO:35)能够穿透角质层进入皮肤表层,且对六胜肽渗透效果明显优于化学促渗剂肌醇,与短肽TD-1相当。
其中SPP-7(SEQ ID NO:7)、SPP-19(SEQ ID NO:19)和SPP-35(SEQ ID NO:35)的对六胜肽的促渗量优于TD-1,SPP-7(SEQ ID NO:7)对六胜肽的促渗量接近1%肌醇的2倍。此外,下层的接收液颜色深度可判断透皮增强肽肽自身的渗透效果,结果如图1。从接受液体的颜色可以看出,对比无促渗剂(阴性对照),SPP-1(SEQ ID NO:1)、SPP-3(SEQ ID NO:3)、SPP-4(EQ.ID NO:4)、SPP-13(SEQ ID NO:13)、SPP-18(SEQ ID NO:18)、SPP-19(SEQ ID NO:19)、SPP-31(SEQ ID NO:31)自身具有较好的渗透效果。
表2透皮增强肽的促渗效果
实施例3、SPP自身渗透能力检测
相关试剂配制:
1)皮肤模型:巴马猪背部皮肤,30日龄
2)透皮接收液:用灭菌蒸馏水作为溶剂,配置0.9%氯化钠水溶液。
3)透皮增强肽储备液的配制:用灭菌蒸馏水作为溶剂,配制浓度为1 mM的透皮增强肽储备液后小量分装备用- 20℃保存。透皮增强肽选自实施例2中发现的自身具有较好渗透的氨基酸序列所示多肽:SPP-1(SEQ ID NO:1)、SPP-3(SEQ ID NO:3)、SPP-4(EQ.IDNO:4)、SPP-13(SEQ ID NO:13)、SPP-18(SEQ ID NO:18)、SPP-19(SEQ ID NO:19)、SPP-31(SEQ ID NO:31)。
实验方案:
采用Franz透皮扩散池进行体外皮肤渗透性试验。具体操作如下:巴马猪,30日龄,处死后用剪刀剪下背部完整皮肤。用沾有生理盐水的棉球擦拭皮肤的真皮层,去除粘附的皮下组织,再用生理盐水洗涤皮肤,擦干,用锡箔纸包裹,置于- 20ºC的冰箱中保存,备用。将准备好的皮肤固定于Franz扩散池的供给室与接收室之间,其中皮肤的表层面向供给室,该扩散池的有效渗透面积为1.327 cm2。向接收室加入体积为3.8ml的 0.9%氯化钠水溶液,使得液面与皮肤能够紧密接触。向供给室加入1ml透皮增强肽与活性成分的混合液。实验过程中采用水浴加热,使温度保持在32ºC,并以350 r/min的转速搅拌。8h时对渗透效果进行定量。
实验结果如图2所示:在200uM多肽浓度下,对比阳性对照六胜肽,SPP-1(SEQ IDNO:1)、SPP-3(SEQ ID NO:3)、SPP-4(EQ.ID NO:4)、SPP-13(SEQ ID NO:13)、SPP-19(SEQ IDNO:19)、SPP-31(SEQ ID NO:31)自身都具有较好的渗透效果。
实施例4、基于细胞模型验证透皮增强肽无毒无刺激
相关试剂配制:
1)细胞
人角质形成细胞(HaCaT)
2)透皮增强肽储备液的配制
用灭菌蒸馏水作为溶剂,配制浓度为3 mM的透皮增强肽储备液后小量分装备用-20℃保存。本发明选自以下任意一条氨基酸序列所示多肽:SEQ ID NO:1- SEQ ID NO:40。
3)细胞裂解液
1M NaOH:称取4.0g的氢氧化钠固体定容成100mL的氢氧化钠溶液。
实验方案:
Sample #1细胞毒性检测
按1.0×10ˆ5密度将HaCaT细胞铺于96孔板中,待培养24h细胞稳定后加入不同浓度透皮增强肽SEQ ID NO:1- SEQ ID NO:40(5μM、10μM、20μM、50μM、100μM、200μM)作用细胞,37℃、5%CO2培养24h,后弃去培养基,每孔加入90uL基本培养基和10uLCCK8混匀后,于37℃孵育40min,孵育结束后450nm测吸光度。细胞活性(%)=(实验组OD-空白孔OD)/(空白对照组OD-空白孔OD)*100%。细胞活性<70%,即表明透皮增强肽具有细胞毒性。
实验结果:
透皮增强肽的细胞毒性检测结果如表3所示,结果表明透皮增强肽(SEQ ID NO:1-SEQ ID NO:40)在测试浓度范围内对HaCaT细胞无毒。
表3透皮增强肽细胞毒性结果
+:有细胞毒性; -:无细胞毒性。
Claims (9)
1.一种透皮增强肽,其特征在于,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1至SEQ ID NO:40任一所示。
2.如权利要求1所述的透皮增强肽,其特征在于,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ IDNO:7、SEQID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:13、SEQ ID NO:19或SEQ ID NO:35所示。
3.如权利要求1所述的透皮增强肽,其特征在于,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ IDNO:3或SEQ ID NO:4所示。
4.如权利要求1至3任一项所述的透皮增强肽的编码多核苷酸。
5.如权利要求1至3任一项所述的透皮增强肽在制备用于向细胞递送活性成分的制剂中的应用。
6.如权利要求1至3任一项所述的透皮增强肽在制备皮肤用产品中的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述透皮增强肽起促渗剂的作用。
8.如权利要求5至7任一项所述的应用,其特征在于所述皮肤用产品是施用于皮肤表面的药物或化妆品,用于递送活性成分。
9.如权利要求5至7任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述皮肤用产品是护手霜、眼霜、皮肤保湿产品、皮肤抗老化产品或皮肤防晒产品。
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