CN117027819A - Rapid excavation supporting method suitable for small-section long tunnel of western conglomerate - Google Patents
Rapid excavation supporting method suitable for small-section long tunnel of western conglomerate Download PDFInfo
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- CN117027819A CN117027819A CN202311030287.8A CN202311030287A CN117027819A CN 117027819 A CN117027819 A CN 117027819A CN 202311030287 A CN202311030287 A CN 202311030287A CN 117027819 A CN117027819 A CN 117027819A
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of long tunnel excavation supporting. The invention relates to a set of rapid excavation supporting method suitable for small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates. S1, determining engineering construction and field test conditions; s2, determining lithology of the western conglomerate according to the construction and field test conditions in the above description; and S3, making a corresponding excavation scheme according to the determined conglomerate lithology to excavate. According to the invention, in the process of underground cavity construction, the support is excavated on the cavity, the deformation of surrounding rock is controlled according to the anchor rod support as the core, the safety and stability of the tunnel cavity are increased, the excavation of the tunnel is designed according to the construction experience of the past tunnel, the problem appearing once again is avoided, compared with the common western-domain conglomerate tunnel excavation technology, the safety of the tunnel is ensured when the tunnel is excavated, the design is carried out according to the experience of the past tunnel construction, the same problem is avoided, and the safety and reliability of the tunnel excavation are increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of long tunnel excavation supporting, in particular to a set of rapid excavation supporting method suitable for small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates.
Background
The reservoir engineering consists of main buildings such as dams, spillways, diversion and flood discharging holes, power generation holes, industrial water supply pipelines and the like. The normal water storage level of the reservoir is 1370.0m, the maximum dam height is 102.50m, and the total storage capacity is 0.968 hundred million m 3 Regulating the storage capacity to 0.51 hundred million m 3 For incompletely annual regulation reservoirs, the engineering scale is medium-sized, and the engineering is III; the dam is a 2-level building, the water draining building, the power generation water diversion building and the water supply pipeline building are 3-level.
The industrial water supply pipeline water delivery tunnel of this engineering is 6280.248m in total length, and the bottom plate longitudinal slope ratio falls to i=1/1000, and the tunnel section form is the city gate hole type, and the size is 2.80m×3.90m, belongs to small section, long tunnel excavation construction, and the hole body is mainly IV, V class surrounding rock, and wherein IV class surrounding rock section is 4550.000m, V class surrounding rock section is 1730.248m, and this stratum is mainly gravel, the western gravel that cement and hole constitute, and material composition is complicated, the cementation is poor, intensity is low, easy efflorescence, consequently, the phenomenon such as falling the piece, large tracts of land collapse take place in the excavation process more.
For excavation of IV and V class surrounding rock caverns in a western region conglomerate stratum encountered by the engineering, the conventional construction method mainly comprises a drilling and blasting method, an explosion-free method, a backhoe method, a manual method or a shield tunneling excavation method, the conventional hydraulic engineering adopts the drilling and blasting method most often, and is suitable for hard rock and medium hard rock, the construction process of the method is complicated, the construction safety risk is high, the disturbance of blasting shock waves on the surrounding rock of the tunnel and nearby buildings is large, the control difficulty of ultra-undermining is large, the engineering is high in single consumption of soft rock explosive and long in construction period, and therefore, the method is not suitable for the excavation of the western region conglomerate, and the explosion-free method: the method is suitable for medium hard rock and soft rock, the 12-hour progress of the project is 1.5-3m, pebbles with the diameter of 40-60cm can be removed, and the 24-hour progress of five kinds of surrounding rock is 1-4m. The construction speed is relatively slower, and the construction progress can not reach the requirement, and the shaping section is not good control, because vibrations are great, and the arm easily ftractures, can't satisfy the construction progress requirement, back hoe method: the method is suitable for soft rock or granular bodies, the 12-hour progress of the project is 0.8-1.2m, the section is smooth, the control is easy, and the construction progress requirement cannot be met. The manual method comprises the following steps: the method is suitable for the granular body, the 12-hour progress of the project is 0.2-0.5m, the section is smooth, the control is easy, and the construction progress requirement cannot be met.
According to the traditional total construction schedule arrangement, the construction period of hole digging, supporting and concrete pouring is only 22 months, the construction period is short, the engineering quantity is large, and the construction conditions are limited, so that each project must be reasonably arranged, the construction conditions are created, and the construction is put into operation as far as possible, in order to ensure the construction period, the economic benefit is not influenced, the safe construction is ensured, and the construction method for excavating the small-section tunnel is required to be formulated in detail, so that the construction requirement can be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a set of rapid excavation supporting method suitable for small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method for rapidly excavating and supporting the small-section long tunnel suitable for the western conglomerate is provided, and comprises the following steps of S1, determining engineering construction and field test conditions;
s2, determining lithology of the western conglomerate according to the construction and field test conditions in the above description;
s3, making a corresponding excavation scheme according to the lithology of the conglomerate determined by the content to excavate;
s4, supporting the excavated tunnel;
s5, removing the dregs in the tunnel.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the steps for determining engineering construction and field test are as follows:
s1.1, determining the position and the path of tunnel construction;
s1.2, collecting conglomerate samples at each construction position according to the tunnel construction path.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the step of determining the lithology of the western conglomerate is as follows:
s2.1, analyzing the conglomerate sample acquired in the S1.2;
s2.2, judging the cementation degree, the softening coefficient and the strength property of the conglomerate according to the analysis result of the S2.2 on the lithology of the conglomerate.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the steps of determining the tunneling scheme are as follows:
s3.1, a mining scheme is formulated according to the lithology of the conglomerate obtained in the S2.2;
s3.2, excavating according to the excavating scheme of S3.1.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the tunnel is excavated as follows:
(1) determining the calcium cementing bond, the softening coefficient of 0.31 and the saturated compressive strength of less than or equal to 14MPa, and excavating by using a heading machine;
(2) 2 branch holes are designed during full tunnel excavation, 6 working faces are excavated simultaneously, and one-way single-head feeding ruler is 1200m.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the supporting steps of the tunnel are as follows:
s4.1, excavating supports around the tunnel, and installing anchor bolt supports according to the length of the tunnel;
s4.2, taking the anchor bolt support as a core, and controlling the surrounding rock stratum not to deform;
s4.3, excavating the current tunnel engineering according to the data and experience of the conventional tunnel excavation;
s4.4, installing surrounding rock safety monitoring instruments around the tunnel chamber in the tunnel excavation process, and monitoring the tunnel chamber;
s4.5, determining a construction position at the upstream of the tunnel outlet, and constructing by using a heading machine.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the steps of removing the dregs in the tunnel are as follows:
s5.1, when the tunneller is used for excavating, the tunneller is used for taking out the dregs from the dregs conveying belt;
s5.2, transporting out the dregs by using the agricultural dump truck.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the rapid excavation supporting method suitable for the small-section long tunnel of the western region conglomerate, in the process of underground chamber construction, the supporting is excavated on the tunnel body, the surrounding rock deformation is controlled according to the anchor rod supporting as a core, the safety and stability of the tunnel chamber are improved, the excavation of the tunnel is designed according to the construction experience of the past tunnel, the once-occurring problem is avoided, the excavation quality and the safety guarantee are improved, meanwhile, a temporary surrounding rock safety monitoring instrument is buried in time in the process of excavation of the tunnel chamber, the position of a poor geological section is monitored in an encrypted mode, safety analysis and forecast are carried out according to various monitoring data, construction is carried out under tight safety monitoring, the safety of constructors and equipment is guaranteed, and compared with the common western region conglomerate tunnel excavation technology, the safety and the stability of the tunnel are guaranteed when the tunnel is excavated, the design is carried out according to the experience of the past tunnel construction, the same problem is avoided, and the safety and the reliability of the tunnel excavation are increased.
2. Compared with the common Western-style conglomerate tunnel excavation technology, the method is suitable for the rapid excavation supporting method of the Western-style conglomerate small-section long tunnel, and the mechanical excavation is adopted for the tunnel, so that the construction progress is effectively improved, the construction period is shortened, and the smooth penetration of the tunnel is ensured; the mechanical excavation effectively controls the super-underexcavation of the section, so that the cost is reduced; reasonable construction arrangement and quality control measures ensure the construction quality and construction safety of the tunnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of a determined engineering construction and field test of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the invention for determining the lithology of the conglomerate in the western region;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention for determining a tunneling scheme;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of tunneling according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block flow diagram of the tunnel support of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block flow diagram of the present invention for cleaning slag from the interior of a tunnel;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the construction of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the construction of the present invention in installing a bolt by injecting concrete into the top of a tunnel;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the installation of the anchor of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the construction of the present invention where concrete is injected into the tunnel sidewall during installation of the anchor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-11, the present embodiment aims to provide a set of rapid excavation supporting method suitable for small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates, which includes the following steps: s1, determining engineering construction and field test conditions;
s2, determining lithology of the western conglomerate according to the construction and field test conditions in the above description;
s3, making a corresponding excavation scheme according to the lithology of the conglomerate determined by the content to excavate;
s4, supporting the excavated tunnel;
s5, removing the dregs in the tunnel.
The steps for determining engineering construction and field test are as follows:
s1.1, determining the position and the path of tunnel construction, ensuring that no deviation occurs in the process of tunnel construction, and facilitating fine sampling analysis of the conglomerates at each position on the path;
s1.2, collecting conglomerate samples at each construction position according to the tunnel construction path, and facilitating the later-stage establishment of an excavation scheme according to the samples so as to ensure that the excavation condition is matched with the established scheme.
The procedure for determining the lithology of the western conglomerates is as follows:
s2.1, analyzing the conglomerate sample acquired in the S1.2, and respectively analyzing lithology of the conglomerates at each position, so that excavation of each position can be reasonably planned in the later period;
s2.2, judging the cementation degree, softening coefficient and strength property of the conglomerates according to the analysis result of the S2.2 on the lithology of the conglomerates, determining the supporting capability of the rock stratum at each position, and supporting according to the lithology of the conglomerates in the later period, so as to avoid collapse after excavation.
The steps for determining the tunneling scheme are as follows:
s3.1, a mining scheme is formulated according to the lithology of the conglomerates obtained in the S2.2, and the mining scheme is formulated according to the lithology of the conglomerates at each position in the S2.1 and the S2.2, so that the safety and the reliability of the tunnel after the tunnel is excavated are ensured;
s3.2, excavating according to the excavating scheme of S3.1.
The tunneling procedure was as follows:
(1) determining the calcium cementing bond, the softening coefficient of 0.31 and the saturated compressive strength of less than or equal to 14MPa, and excavating by using a heading machine;
(2) 2 branch holes are designed during the whole tunnel excavation, 6 working faces are excavated simultaneously, and a single-head feeding ruler is 1200m;
the section of the tunnel is in the form of a gate hole, the size of the tunnel is 2.80m multiplied by 3.90m, the tunnel belongs to the excavation construction of a long tunnel with a small section, and the tunnel body mainly comprises IV and V kinds of surrounding rocks, wherein the IV kinds of surrounding rock section is 4550.000m, and the V kinds of surrounding rock section is 1730.248m.
The supporting steps of the tunnel are as follows:
s4.1, excavating a support around a tunnel, fully playing the construction experience of an underground cavity with safety, high quality and quick construction, installing an anchor bolt support according to the length of the tunnel, adopting a construction method of 'advanced detection, advanced support, short footage, quick circulation, less disturbance, early closure, strong support and duty measurement' for excavating a bad geological cavity section, and ensuring the stability of the formed cavity surrounding rock;
s4.2, taking the anchor bolt support as a core, controlling the surrounding rock stratum not to deform, and increasing the safety and stability of the tunnel chamber;
s4.3, excavating the current tunnel engineering according to the data and experience of the conventional tunnel excavation, preventing possible problems according to the conventional experience, and improving the excavation quality and ensuring the safety;
s4.4, installing surrounding rock safety monitoring instruments around the tunnel chamber in the tunnel excavation process, monitoring the tunnel chamber, carrying out encryption monitoring on the position of the poor geological tunnel section, carrying out safety analysis and prediction according to various monitoring data, and expanding construction under strict safety monitoring to ensure the safety of constructors and equipment;
s4.5, determining a construction position at the upstream of the tunnel outlet, and constructing by using a heading machine, wherein construction disturbance is small, and construction safety and construction quality can be well ensured.
According to geological conditions, the type of surrounding rock of the engineering water delivery tunnel is mainly IV and V type surrounding rock, the stability of the surrounding rock is poor, a strong weathering bad geological section exists, the primary main support form is anchor spraying support, namely anchor rods are inserted into concrete after concrete is sprayed, the surrounding rock of the bad geological section IV is assisted by steel support matched system anchor spraying support, and advanced anchor rods or small guide tubes are adopted under the condition that the extremely bad V type surrounding rock is particularly abundant in the tunnel section or underground water;
the concrete spraying adopts a dry spraying method, a simple self-made operation platform truck is matched with an artificial net hanging method, an artificial YT28 hand drill is mainly adopted for hole making by the anchor rod, the anchor rod is manually inserted after grouting, the concrete construction time immediately follows an excavation working face according to the geological condition of surrounding rock, and an advance anchor rod is beaten by a poor geological section according to the surrounding rock condition so as to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock during excavation.
The method comprises the following steps of:
s5.1, when the tunneling machine is used for excavating, the slag soil is carried out by using a slag soil carrying conveyer belt of the tunneling machine, so that the blocking of the slag soil in a tunnel hole is avoided;
s5.2, transporting out the dregs by using the agricultural dump truck.
Compared with the common Western-area conglomerate tunnel excavation technology, the mechanical excavation technology has the advantages that the construction progress is effectively improved, the construction period is shortened, and the smooth penetration of the tunnel is ensured; the mechanical excavation effectively controls the super-underexcavation of the section, so that the cost is reduced; reasonable construction arrangement and quality control measures ensure the construction quality and construction safety of the tunnel.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that the above-described embodiments and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A set of rapid excavation supporting method suitable for small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates comprises the following steps of: s1, determining engineering construction and field test conditions;
s2, determining lithology of the western conglomerate according to the construction and field test conditions in the above description;
s3, making a corresponding excavation scheme according to the lithology of the conglomerate determined by the content to excavate;
s4, supporting the excavated tunnel;
s5, removing the dregs in the tunnel.
2. The set of rapid excavation supporting methods applicable to small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the steps for determining engineering construction and field test are as follows:
s1.1, determining the position and the path of tunnel construction;
s1.2, collecting conglomerate samples at each construction position according to the tunnel construction path.
3. The set of rapid excavation supporting methods applicable to small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the procedure for determining the lithology of the western conglomerates is as follows:
s2.1, analyzing the conglomerate sample acquired in the S1.2;
s2.2, judging the cementation degree, the softening coefficient and the strength property of the conglomerate according to the analysis result of the S2.2 on the lithology of the conglomerate.
4. A set of rapid excavation supporting methods applicable to small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates according to claim 3, characterized in that: the steps for determining the tunneling scheme are as follows:
s3.1, a mining scheme is formulated according to the lithology of the conglomerate obtained in the S2.2;
s3.2, excavating according to the excavating scheme of S3.1.
5. The method for rapidly excavating and supporting the small-section long tunnel suitable for the western conglomerate, which is disclosed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the tunneling procedure was as follows:
(1) determining the calcium cementing bond, the softening coefficient of 0.31 and the saturated compressive strength of less than or equal to 14MPa, and excavating by using a heading machine;
(2) 2 branch holes are designed during full tunnel excavation, 6 working faces are excavated simultaneously, and one-way single-head feeding ruler is 1200m.
6. The set of rapid excavation supporting methods applicable to small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the supporting steps of the tunnel are as follows:
s4.1, excavating supports around the tunnel, and installing anchor bolt supports according to the length of the tunnel;
s4.2, taking the anchor bolt support as a core, and controlling the surrounding rock stratum not to deform;
s4.3, excavating the current tunnel engineering according to the data and experience of the conventional tunnel excavation;
s4.4, installing surrounding rock safety monitoring instruments around the tunnel chamber in the tunnel excavation process, and monitoring the tunnel chamber;
s4.5, determining a construction position at the upstream of the tunnel outlet, and constructing by using a heading machine.
7. The set of rapid excavation supporting methods applicable to small-section long tunnels of western conglomerates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of:
s5.1, when the tunneller is used for excavating, the tunneller is used for taking out the dregs from the dregs conveying belt;
s5.2, transporting out the dregs by using the agricultural dump truck.
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| CN202311030287.8A CN117027819A (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | Rapid excavation supporting method suitable for small-section long tunnel of western conglomerate |
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| CN202311030287.8A CN117027819A (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | Rapid excavation supporting method suitable for small-section long tunnel of western conglomerate |
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