CN117016089A - Land leveling method combining dry and wet land - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a land leveling method combining dry and wet land, belonging to a land leveling method of agricultural facilities. The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: the dry-wet combined land leveling method comprises the following steps of: firstly, deep ploughing for 30 cm, leveling by using a laser and satellite leveling method, wherein the land leveling step comprises land measurement, fixed control network, setting control piles, balancing and blending earthwork, and leveling by using a bulldozer, wherein the flatness reaches +/-5 cm; wet leveling process: after dry leveling, according to the unit of the paddy field, the paddy field is soaked in water again, wet leveling with water is carried out, the leveling is carried out by a laser leveling method, the leveled land with the flatness reaching +/-2 cm is used for planting, and the method has the advantages of water saving, land saving, fertilizer saving, yield increase and planting cost reduction. The laser land leveling technology can ensure that the ground flatness reaches plus or minus error of 5cm, generally can save water by more than 20 percent, and can save water by 50-200 cubic meters per mu, thereby achieving the purpose of saving water.

Description

Land leveling method combining dry and wet land

Technical Field

The application relates to a land leveling method combining dry and wet land, belonging to a land leveling method of agricultural facilities.

Background

In the general rule of construction of high-standard farmland (GB/T30600-2014) about 'land leveling': 1. the method is characterized by comprising field building and soil conservation measures for meeting the requirements of farmland cultivation, irrigation and drainage, wherein the measures comprise cultivation field building engineering and cultivation layer soil conservation engineering. 2. The cultivation field block refers to a basic unit surrounded by a final-stage fixed ditch, a canal, a road and the like of the field. The combination degree of the field is reasonably planned, and the relative concentration of the cultivated field is realized. The length and width of the cultivated field should be determined according to climatic conditions, topography, crop types, mechanical operation, irrigation and drainage efficiency, etc. 3. The field surface of the cultivated field should be leveled, and the transverse and longitudinal gradients of the field are reasonably determined according to soil conditions and irrigation modes. 4. The thickness of the farmland soil body should be above 50 cm, the thickness of the cultivation layer of the water-irrigated land and the dry land should be above 25 cm, and the thickness of the cultivation layer of the paddy field should be about 20 cm. The soil body has no obvious blocking factors such as a disc sticking layer, a gravel layer and the like. 5. When the land is leveled, the disturbance of the surface soil layer and the core soil layer should be avoided as much as possible, the fertile surface soil layer should be peeled off firstly, stacked independently, and the surface soil is spread on the field surface uniformly after the land is leveled. 6. When the soil layer is thin, the slope terraced fields are built firstly, then the soil is turned downwards year by year for cultivation, the slope of the field surface is slowed down, and the horizontal terraced fields are built gradually. The terrazzo rate in hilly areas should be not less than 90%.7. The terrace construction is combined with projects such as channel treatment, slope protection and the like, so that the storm flushing resistance is improved. The terraced fields are preferably composed of soil, stone, soil-stone mixture or plant.

Therefore, the land leveling is favorable for mechanized operation, and the land leveling can improve the water resource utilization coefficient.

At present, a land leveling method is adopted, and local leveling of the land is realized through deep mechanical tillage. However, the leveling method is poor in effect on large-scale cultivated lands. If paddy rice is planted, the water consumption is large, the local water level is low and the local water level is too high due to insufficient planeness of cultivated land.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a dry-wet combined land leveling method, which solves the problem of insufficient flatness of the conventional land at present.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme: the land leveling method combining dry and wet land includes the steps of,

dry leveling procedure: firstly, deep ploughing for 30 cm, leveling by using a laser and satellite leveling method, wherein the land leveling step comprises land measurement, fixed control network, setting control piles, balancing and blending earthwork, and leveling by using a bulldozer, wherein the flatness reaches +/-5 cm;

wet leveling process: after dry leveling, according to the unit of the paddy field, the paddy field is soaked again, wet leveling with water is carried out, and the leveling is carried out by a laser leveling method, so that the evenness reaches an error of +/-2 cm.

According to the dry-wet combined land leveling method, the dry leveling procedure comprises the following steps,

1) Firstly, planning the interior of a cultivated field in a dry leveling procedure, further designing the interior of the cultivated field according to natural characteristics such as topography, landform, climate and the like and soil quality requirements, planting common grain crops in a dry land in a plain area, adopting Fang Tian with the length of 150-200 m, adopting grids Tian Xingshi for rice, ensuring smooth irrigation and drainage by the grid field design, and facilitating irrigation and drainage regulation;

2) The method comprises the steps that a land elevation control point is set, the topography fluctuation is small, the land surface design elevation of a drought and flood protection farmland with a soil layer thickness is determined according to the earth excavation filling quantity, the farmland with the flood prevention function is mainly used, the land surface design Gao Chengying is higher than the perennial waterlogging level by more than 0.2 m, the topography fluctuation is large, the land surface elevation design of a sloping field with a thin soil layer is suitable according to local conditions, and the land surface design Gao Chengying is higher than the perennial underground water level by more than 0.8 m;

3) Before engineering construction, the known leveling points of the leveling system are designated according to a drawing, the engineering construction is conducted to a construction range, the temporary leveling points are set, and when the leveling system involved in construction is not a standard, the engineering construction leveling system converted into engineering is agreed, so that the temporary leveling points are set. After the temporary level points are set, the temporary level points are numbered one by one, and the precision requirement closing difference of the temporary level points does not exceed the standard requirement and is marked on a drawing. Retests should be performed periodically as needed and as set up firmness.

4) And (3) plane paying off, calculating the relation between the points and nearby control points or buildings according to the design coordinates of the starting point, the finishing point, the wire pile and the turning point of the project, fixing each paying off point on the ground by using a stake according to the relation, and when the plane paying off is performed, after piling and approval of the starting point, the wire pile, the finishing point and the turning point of the project, measuring the center line and the turning angle, and when the center line is measured, driving a center stake every 20-30 m, wherein the distance between the center stakes is uniform so as to be convenient for counting the distance and taking materials for construction, and then scattering excavation side lines by using lime according to the width required by the project regulation.

5) Before the vertical section leveling measurement, temporary leveling points are arranged along the construction line of the engineering at intervals of 20m, and the precision requirement of the temporary leveling points is that the closing difference is not more than 1mm in a flat area. The elevation of the ground of each pile position in the center is measured by the level point to check whether the elevation of the ground of the design drawing is the same as the elevation of the actual ground, and the depth of the trench excavation or the overhead height of the pipeline is determined by the same, and the measurement of the trench and the road of the method adopts a section method.

According to the dry-wet land leveling method, a laser leveling method step,

1) Establishing laser: firstly, determining the position of a laser according to the size of a field to be scraped, wherein the length and the width of the laser exceed 300m, the laser is approximately placed in the middle of the field, and can be installed on the periphery of the field if the length and the width of the laser are smaller than 300m, after the position of the laser is determined, the laser is installed on a tripod of a support and leveled, and the elevation of the laser is 0.5-1 m above the highest point of a power unit leveling unit so as to avoid the unit and operators from shielding laser beams. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the

(2) Measurement site: the ground measurement is carried out by utilizing a laser technology, a transmitter is operated by one person, 3-5 people are matched with a movable scale, the distance between each measuring point is 10-20m, each land is arranged according to the horizontal row and the vertical row, each rod scale is 3m high, and a laser receiver capable of sliding up and down is arranged on the rod scale. Sequentially recording the measured measuring point direction and height data in detail, drawing a topography map of the land, and calculating the average height of the whole land, wherein the position of the average elevation is used as a datum point for land leveling mechanical operation and is also the initial operation position of the scraping edge of the scraper blade;

(3) And (3) operation: the height of the telescopic rod of the laser receiver is adjusted by taking the initial working position of the shovel blade as a reference, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser transmitter is matched with the receiver, and then, the control switch is arranged at an automatic position, so that the power unit leveling unit can be started to start leveling operation.

4. The method for leveling the land by combining dry and wet land according to claim 1 is characterized in that the satellite leveling method comprises the following steps, the principle of the satellite leveling machine is GNSS high-precision antenna receiving, an RTK technology is adopted, namely a carrier phase difference technology is adopted, the method is a difference method for processing carrier phase observed quantity of two measuring stations in real time, carrier phases acquired by a reference station are sent to a user receiver to calculate difference resolving coordinates, the RTK can acquire centimeter-level precision positioning in the wild in real time, the method is a novel common satellite positioning measuring technology, after a control box receives signals, correction is carried out, the corrected signals control a hydraulic valve, the flow direction and flow rate of hydraulic oil to a cylinder are changed, the height of a scraper is automatically controlled, and the land is leveled.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the leveling is performed after leveling, the leveling is performed by a leveling instrument, the checkerboard spot is obtained, and the design drawing scale is used to compare the degree of engineering realization design intent by internal calculation and drawing.

6. The method for leveling the dry and wet combined land according to claim 1, wherein completion measurement is performed after leveling, the elevation is measured by an unmanned aerial vehicle, a south S82 GPS RTK mobile station of an SDCORS system is accessed, a Dajiang eidolon 4 RTK unmanned aerial vehicle of a thousands of seeking SDCORS system is accessed, and the technical indexes of using instruments are as follows: the main precision technical index of the receiver is as follows:

(1) Static plane accuracy: + -3mm+1ppm;

(2) Static elevation accuracy: + -5 mm+1ppm;

(3) RTK plane precision: 1cm+1ppm;

(4) RTK elevation accuracy: + -2cm+1ppm.

7. The method for leveling land by combining dry and wet land as claimed in claim 3, wherein the working method of the laser leveling system used by the laser leveling method is characterized in that a light plane is formed on the positioning height of an operation land by utilizing a rotating light beam emitted by a laser emitter, the light plane is a datum plane of the leveling land when a leveling machine set works, the light plane can be horizontal or inclined with the horizontal (used for slope leveling operation), the laser receiver is arranged on a telescopic rod close to a scraper blade, and the fixed distance from the laser beam to the scraper blade is the datum of elevation positioning measurement. When the receiver detects the laser signal, the receiver continuously sends an electric signal to the control box, the control box receives the electric signal with the elevation changed, and then the electric signal after correction carries out automatic correction, and the hydraulic control valve is controlled by the corrected electric signal so as to change the flow direction and the flow rate of hydraulic oil to the oil cylinder, and the height of the soil scraping is automatically controlled, so that the soil scraping height is kept to reach the positioned elevation plane.

8. A method for leveling dry and wet combined soil according to claim 3, wherein the main working parts of the laser leveling system comprise a laser emitter, a laser receiver, a control box, a hydraulic mechanism, a scraper blade and a power unit,

(1) Laser emitter: the transmitter is fixed on the tripod roof. In the laser transmitter, there is a helium-neon laser tube with power of 4mW, the laser tube emits a red light beam with thickness like a pencil point, the light beam is downward, the light beam is shifted upward through two reflectors, and the light beam is changed into a parallel light beam through a lens, and then the parallel light beam is emitted through a prism system by turning 90 degrees. The prism system is arranged on a rotating shaft, so that a laser reference plane rotating for 360 degrees is formed at a certain height, the rotating speed is 300-600 r/min, the effective beam radius is 300-500 m (according to power), and the mechanical part is arranged on a universal joint system, so that the beam plane can incline according to a preset gradient;

(2) Laser receiver: the laser receiver is fixedly arranged on a telescopic rod of the land leveller and is connected with the control box through a wire. When receiving the rotary red light beam from the laser emitter, converting the laser signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the control box through a connecting wire;

(3) And (3) a control box: since the driver of the laser grader operates the control switches by using the control box in the cab, the control box should be installed at a position where the driver can easily monitor and can operate the control head by extending his hand. The control box is composed of: (1) three levers; (2) the addition and subtraction switch is used for changing the preset gradient in the digital display; the manipulator can rapidly preset the required gradient number; (3) the lifting switch of the receiving rod is used for adjusting the height of the receiving rod; (4) a diode fuse; (5) an automatic and manual switch; (6) a digital display for displaying the gradient number; (7) a scraper lifting switch; (8) an indication control switch for selecting an automatic or manual operation mode;

(4) Hydraulic control valve: the hydraulic valve is arranged on the power unit and is connected with a hydraulic system of the power unit. When the hydraulic shovel is in an automatic control state, the corrected electric signal is converted by the control box, the electromagnetic valve is started, the position of the hydraulic control valve is changed, the flow and the flow direction of hydraulic oil are changed, and the lifting of the hydraulic shovel is controlled through the expansion and contraction of the plunger of the oil cylinder.

9. The dry-wet combined land leveling method of claim 1, wherein the earth balancing and the deployment are carried out by dividing a topographic map into square grids, setting a wood pile on site to fix the square grids, measuring the land leveling height directly by an instrument, and calculating the earth engineering quantity by a square grid method, wherein the square grid method comprises the following steps: dividing a square grid, calculating a zero point position, calculating the earthwork quantity and calculating the total earthwork quantity;

calculating the construction elevation, the excavation and filling area and the earthwork quantity of the excavation and filling area, and adjusting to determine the allocation direction and the amount of the earthwork of the filling and filling area;

the earth balance and allocation principle is that the excavation (filling) amount is basically balanced, repeated transportation is reduced, and the sum of the products of the excavation (filling) amount and the transportation distance is as minimum as possible;

dividing a blending area, firstly dividing a dividing line of a digging and filling area on a plan view, appropriately dividing a plurality of blending areas in the digging area and the filling area, and determining the size and the position of the blending areas;

calculating the earthwork of each allocation area and marking the earthwork amount on a graph, and calculating the balance distance between the earthwork center of each digging and filling allocation area, namely the distance from the earthwork center of the digging area to the earthwork center of the filling area, wherein the longitudinal and transverse sides of the land or square grid weight are taken as coordinate axes, and an angle is taken as a coordinate origin;

the trench and the road are excavated in a mode of combining manpower and machinery, the trench and the road are excavated from top to bottom strictly according to the design size in construction, the overexcavation is reduced, and backfilling and compaction are carried out: when the ground is fluctuant, the ground is filled layer by layer from the lower part according to horizontal layering.

Before construction needing compaction, a rolling experiment is carried out, whether the compaction quality can meet the design requirement is verified, the backfill soil material cannot contain organic impurities, in the construction process of leveling the soil, the whole soil is firstly subjected to sectional construction, the flatness and the soil drainage gradient are strict, and the elevation of each construction section is firstly subjected to positioning control, positioning piles are positioned and protected during measurement;

if in rainy season during construction, the drainage work is needed to be done on site, temporary drainage ditches are arranged in each area, and water is pumped by matching with a water pump, so that no ponding and no soaking by water are realized on site.

The application has the advantages that: the flattened land used for planting has the advantages of water saving, land saving, fertilizer saving, yield increasing and planting cost reduction. The laser land leveling technology can ensure that the ground flatness reaches plus or minus error of 5cm, generally can save water by more than 20 percent, and can save water by 50-200 cubic meters per mu, thereby achieving the purpose of saving water. The land is precisely leveled by using a laser technology, and the land occupation area of the ridge can be reduced by 3% -5% by matching with corresponding measures, so that the land can be fully utilized. The land flatness is improved, so that the fertilizer is uniformly distributed, the phenomena of fertilizer loss and fertilizer removal are reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved by 20%, and the emergence rate of crops is ensured. The yield can be increased by 10% -20% per mu, and the quality of crops is improved while the yield is increased. By implementing the technology, the production cost of the rice can be reduced by 6.3-15.4% while the yield and benefit are increased.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a graph showing the elevation contrast of an embodiment of the present application before and after leveling of the ground,

fig. 2 is a 3D topography of satellites before and after land leveling according to an embodiment of the application.

Description of the embodiments

The application adopts a dry-wet combined leveling method to ensure that the land leveling accuracy reaches +/-2 cm.

In particular, the application is applied to plain areas, and the length of Fang Tian is preferably 150-200 m. The rice is preferably in the form of grid. The grid field design must ensure smooth irrigation and drainage, convenient irrigation and drainage regulation and control, and meet the requirements of rice crops for water in different breeding stages. The height difference of the surface of the grid Tian Tian is less than +/-3 cm, the length is preferably kept between 60 and 120 m, and the width is preferably 20 to 40 m. The ridges are used as boundaries between the grids, the ridge height is preferably 40 cm, and the ridge top width is preferably 10-20 cm. The slope of the dry land field surface should be limited within 1:500.

Taking 1200 mu rice fields in the jurisdiction of the inventor as an example for leveling,

specifically, firstly, a dry leveling technology is adopted, the fluctuation of the land is usually within 20 cm, firstly, a deep ploughing 30 cm method is adopted, and a laser leveling method and a satellite leveling method are adopted for leveling. The flatness can reach +/-5 cm. Wet leveling is then performed: after dry leveling, according to the unit of the paddy field, the paddy field is soaked again, wet leveling with water is carried out, and the leveling is carried out continuously by using a laser leveling method and a satellite leveling method, wherein the leveling degree reaches +/-2 cm.

The specific land leveling procedure is as follows: land measurement, control network setting, control pile setting, earth balancing and allocation, bulldozer bulldozing and leveling, and acceptance checking.

The land measurement is carried out firstly, the control points of the land elevation are established, the relief of the topography is small, the design elevation of the land surface of the drought and flood protection farmland with the soil layer thickness is determined according to the earth excavation filling quantity, and the design Gao Chengying of the land surface is higher than the perennial waterlogging water level by more than 0.2 m. The field elevation design of sloping fields with large relief and thin soil layer should be suitable for local conditions. The farmland with higher groundwater level is higher than the perennial groundwater level by more than 0.8 m in field surface design Gao Chengying.

The specific steps include that,

(1) Measurement control: aiming at the characteristics of the project, a plane and elevation control system is established on site so as to carry out measurement control on the construction of other engineering projects during the whole construction period.

(2) Plane control system: a plane control system is established by a wire measurement method, and a j2 theodolite and a 50m steel tape are adopted as a measuring instrument. Control is carried out by using control points provided by owners, linear control piles are arranged, and the positions of the control piles are stable and reliable, and are convenient to protect and use during construction.

(3) Elevation control system: the measuring instrument adopts a ds3 level gauge, and according to the level provided by a homeowner, elevation is led to each temporary level point, the temporary level point is required to be firm and stable, the distance is not more than 200m and the front and back vision is realized, the temporary level point and the design level point are retested and closed, and the allowable closing difference is +/-12 v/l mm (l is the length of the level line).

(4) Measuring and releasing a temporary level point: before engineering construction, a known level point of a level system is designated according to a drawing, the level system is guided to a construction range, a temporary level point is set, and when the level system involved in construction is not a standard, the level system converted into the engineering construction level system is agreed, so that the temporary level point is set. After the temporary level points are set, the temporary level points are numbered one by one, and the precision requirement closing difference of the temporary level points does not exceed the standard requirement and is marked on a drawing. Retests should be performed periodically as needed and as set up firmness.

The setting requirements of the temporary level point are: should be placed on hard fixed buildings, structures, or in stable earth layers unaffected and disturbed by the outside; setting a level point every 400m in the field; and the two level points can keep in sight.

(5) And (3) plane paying off, namely calculating the relation between the points and nearby control points or buildings according to the design coordinates of the starting point, the ending point, the wire pile and the turning point of the engineering, and fixing each paying off point on the ground by using a stake according to the relation. To avoid errors, each point is rechecked after receiving the supervised intersection point and reports the rechecked result to the engineer.

And when the plane is paid off, after piling and approval are carried out on the starting point, the wire pile, the finishing point and the turning point of the project, the center line and the corner are measured. When the central line is measured, a central pile should be driven every 20-30 m, and the intervals of the central piles should be uniform so as to be convenient for counting the distance and taking materials for construction. And then scattering white ash out of the excavation edge line according to the width required by engineering regulations.

(6) Before the vertical section leveling measurement, temporary leveling points are arranged along the construction line of the engineering at intervals of 20m, and the precision of the temporary leveling points is required to be closed by not more than 1mm in a flat area. And measuring the ground elevation of each pile position at the center by using the level point to check whether the ground elevation of the design drawing is the same as the actual ground elevation or not, and determining the depth of trench excavation or the overhead height of the pipeline by using the ground elevation of the design drawing.

The trench and road metering of the engineering adopts a section method. Therefore, the measurement of the engineering on ditches and roads is carried out by special personnel, and visa is timely given. And during paying off, the wire guiding piles, and monitoring and protecting the starting point piles and the end point piles are controlled.

The specific dry land leveling method comprises the following steps: laser land leveling and satellite land leveling.

The working principle and structure of the laser land leveling system are that a light plane is formed on the positioning height of an operation land by utilizing a rotating light beam emitted by a laser emitter, wherein the light plane is a reference plane of the leveling land when a land leveling unit works, and the light plane can be horizontal or inclined with the horizontal (used for slope leveling operation). The laser receiver is arranged on a telescopic rod close to the blade of the scraper blade, and the fixed distance from the laser beam to the blade is the standard for positioning and measuring elevation. And after the receiver detects the laser signal, the receiver continuously sends an electric signal to the control box. After receiving the electric signal of elevation change, the control box automatically corrects, and the corrected electric signal controls the hydraulic control valve to change the flow direction and flow rate of hydraulic oil to the oil cylinder, and automatically controls the height of the scraping soil to ensure that the scraping soil reaches the positioned elevation plane.

Such as: the laser beam is scanned above the laser receiver standard, which shows that the scraping edge of the scraper blade is positioned at the lower part of the plane leveling line, the transmitted electric signal is corrected by the control box, and the hydraulic valve is controlled to cause the oil cylinder to lift the scraper blade; otherwise, the scraper blade descends, so that the scraper blade is kept on the positioned elevation plane.

Operation of a laser flooring system

(1) Establishing laser: the position of the laser is determined according to the size of the field to be scraped, for example, the length and the width are more than 300m, and the laser is approximately placed in the middle of the field. If the length and the width are smaller than 300m, the device can be installed at the periphery of a field. After the laser position is determined, it is mounted on a tripod that is supported and leveled. The elevation of the laser is 0.5-1 m above the highest point of the power unit land leveling unit so as to avoid the unit and operators from shielding the laser beam.

(2) Measurement site: the ground measurement is carried out by utilizing a laser technology, a person operates the transmitter, 3-5 person mobile scales (the distance between each measuring point is 10-20m, each land block is arranged according to the horizontal row and the vertical row), each rod scale is 3m high, and a laser receiver capable of sliding up and down is arranged on each rod scale. And sequentially recording the measured measuring point directions and the measured height data in detail, drawing a topography map of the land, and calculating the average height of the whole land. The position of the average elevation is used as a reference point of the land leveling machine operation and is also used as an initial operation position of the scraping edge of the scraper blade.

(3) And (3) operation: and adjusting the height of the telescopic rod of the laser receiver by taking the initial working position of the shovel blade as a reference, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser transmitter is matched with the receiver. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of flashing a green light in the middle of a red light, a yellow light and a green light (the red light is not used for receiving signals sent by a laser instrument, the green light is used for indicating that the receiving range is normal when the green light is on, the green light is horizontal when the three green lights are on, and the yellow light is used for indicating that the ground height difference exceeds the leveling range). Then, the control switch is placed at an automatic position, so that the power unit grader can be started to start the grading operation.

Satellite land leveling method: the principle of the satellite grader is GNSS high-precision antenna receiving, and the RTK technology, namely the carrier phase difference technology, is a difference method for processing the observed quantity of the carrier phases of two measuring stations in real time. And sending the carrier phases acquired by the reference station to a user receiver for calculating the difference and solving the coordinates. RTK can acquire centimeter-level precision positioning in real time in the field, is a novel common satellite positioning measurement technology. After the control box receives the signal, the control box corrects, the corrected signal controls the hydraulic valve, the flow direction and the flow rate of hydraulic oil conveyed to the cylinder are changed, the height of the scraper is automatically controlled, and the land is scraped.

The earthwork balancing and leveling engineering content:

1) Firstly dividing a topographic map into square grids, setting the angle elevation of each square grid, setting the square grids by driving wood piles on site, and then directly measuring the site flatness by using an instrument.

And then calculating the engineering quantity of the soil side by a square grid method. The method comprises the following steps: dividing square grids, calculating zero point positions, calculating earthwork quantities, and calculating total earthwork quantities

2) Earthwork balancing and blending

After the construction elevation, the earth digging area and the earth volume of the earth digging area are calculated and adjusted, the method enters earth balancing and allocation, and the purpose of balancing and allocation is to determine the allocation direction and the amount of the earthwork of the earth digging area under the condition that the transportation cost of the live earthwork of the earth is the lowest, so that the purposes of shortening the construction period and improving the economic benefit are achieved.

The earthwork allocation is carried out by comprehensively considering engineering and site conditions, the progress requirement, the earthwork construction method and the earthwork and allocation of the staged batch construction engineering.

3) Principle of earth balance and formulation

The amount of the digging (filling) is basically balanced, and repeated delivery is reduced. The sum of the products of the amount of the digging (filling) and the distance is as minimum as possible. Partition allocation is coordinated with full-field allocation, so that the problem that the whole balance is ignored due to local balance is avoided. Proper allocation direction, transportation route and construction sequence are selected, so that convection and turbulence phenomena in earthwork transportation are avoided, and equipment allocation and mechanical construction are facilitated.

4) Earth balancing and blending steps

Dividing the allocation area, firstly dividing a dividing line of the digging and filling area on a plan view, appropriately dividing a plurality of allocation areas on the digging area and the filling area, and determining the size and the position of the allocation areas. And calculating the earthwork of each allocation area, marking the balance distance between each digging allocation area and each filling allocation area on the graph, namely calculating the distance from the earthwork center of the digging area to the earthwork center of the filling area, taking the longitudinal and transverse sides of the land or square grid as coordinate axes, and taking an angle as the origin of coordinates. And determining an optimal earthwork allocation scheme. Drawing an earthwork deployment map.

5) Preparation for earthwork deployment construction

And (3) carefully learning drawings before land excavation, fully investigating, researching and analyzing, and carrying out technological engagement on machinery and related constructors in advance according to site topography. And flattening the ground surface by the project area boundary. And excavating ditches and roads by adopting a mode of combining manpower and machinery. And in construction, the super-excavation is reduced by excavating from top to bottom strictly according to the design size. Backfilling and compacting: when the ground is fluctuant, the ground is filled layer by layer from the lower part according to horizontal layering. Before construction needing compaction, a rolling experiment is carried out, and whether the compaction quality can meet the design requirement is verified. The backfill must not contain organic impurities. The grading and the water content of the soil material all need to meet the design requirements.

In the construction process of leveling the land, the whole land is firstly subjected to sectional construction, the flatness and the land drainage gradient are strict, and the elevation of each construction section is firstly subjected to positioning control during measurement, positioning piles are positioned, and protection is carried out.

And after the dry leveling procedure is completed, performing waterproof wet leveling. And the laser leveling method and the satellite leveling method are continuously used for leveling, and the final land leveling reaches +/-2 cm.

Claims (9)

1. The method comprises the following steps ofLand leveling method combining dry and wet landCharacterized in that the method comprises the following steps of,

dry leveling procedure: firstly, deep ploughing for 30 cm, leveling by using a laser and satellite leveling method, wherein the land leveling step comprises land measurement, fixed control network, setting control piles, balancing and blending earthwork, and leveling by using a bulldozer, wherein the flatness reaches +/-5 cm;

wet leveling process: after dry leveling, according to the unit of the paddy field, the paddy field is soaked again, wet leveling with water is carried out, and the leveling is carried out by a laser leveling method, so that the evenness reaches an error of +/-2 cm.

2. The dry-wet land leveling method of claim 2, wherein the dry leveling process comprises the steps of,

1) Firstly, planning the interior of a cultivated field in a dry leveling procedure, further designing the interior of the cultivated field according to natural characteristics such as topography, landform, climate and the like and soil quality requirements, planting common grain crops in a dry land in a plain area, adopting Fang Tian with the length of 150-200 m, adopting grids Tian Xingshi for rice, ensuring smooth irrigation and drainage by the grid field design, and facilitating irrigation and drainage regulation;

2) The method comprises the steps that a land elevation control point is set, the topography fluctuation is small, the land surface design elevation of a drought and flood protection farmland with a soil layer thickness is determined according to the earth excavation filling quantity, the farmland with the flood prevention function is mainly used, the land surface design Gao Chengying is higher than the perennial waterlogging level by more than 0.2 m, the topography fluctuation is large, the land surface elevation design of a sloping field with a thin soil layer is suitable according to local conditions, and the land surface design Gao Chengying is higher than the perennial underground water level by more than 0.8 m;

3) Before engineering construction, the known leveling points of the leveling system are designated according to a drawing, the engineering construction is conducted to a construction range, the temporary leveling points are set, and when the leveling system involved in construction is not a standard, the engineering construction leveling system converted into engineering is agreed, so that the temporary leveling points are set. After the temporary level points are set, the temporary level points are numbered one by one, and the precision requirement closing difference of the temporary level points does not exceed the standard requirement and is marked on a drawing. Retesting is carried out periodically according to the needs and the set firmness;

4) Plane paying off, calculating the relation between the points and nearby control points or buildings according to the design coordinates of the starting point, the finishing point, the wire piles and the turning points of the engineering, fixing each paying off point on the ground by using a standard pile according to the relation, piling and checking the starting point, the wire piles, the finishing point and the turning points of the engineering, measuring the center line and the turning angle, and beating a center pile every 20-30 m when the center line is measured, wherein the distance between the center piles is uniform so as to count the distance and take materials for construction, and scattering excavation side lines by using lime according to the width required by the engineering regulation;

5) Before the vertical section leveling measurement, temporary leveling points are arranged along the construction line of the engineering at intervals of 20m, and the precision requirement of the temporary leveling points is that the closing difference is not more than 1mm in a flat area. The elevation of the ground of each pile position in the center is measured by the level point to check whether the elevation of the ground of the design drawing is the same as the elevation of the actual ground, and the depth of the trench excavation or the overhead height of the pipeline is determined by the same, and the measurement of the trench and the road of the method adopts a section method.

3. The method for leveling the dry-wet combined land according to claim 1, wherein the step of the laser leveling method,

1) Establishing laser: firstly, determining the position of a laser according to the size of a field to be scraped, wherein the length and the width of the laser exceed 300m, the laser is approximately placed in the middle of the field, and can be installed on the periphery of the field if the length and the width of the laser are smaller than 300m, after the position of the laser is determined, the laser is installed on a tripod of a support and leveled, and the elevation of the laser is 0.5-1 m above the highest point of a power unit leveling unit so as to avoid the unit and operators from shielding laser beams. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the

(2) Measurement site: the ground measurement is carried out by utilizing a laser technology, a transmitter is operated by one person, 3-5 people are matched with a movable scale, the distance between each measuring point is 10-20m, each land is arranged according to the horizontal row and the vertical row, each rod scale is 3m high, and a laser receiver capable of sliding up and down is arranged on the rod scale. Sequentially recording the measured measuring point direction and height data in detail, drawing a topography map of the land, and calculating the average height of the whole land, wherein the position of the average elevation is used as a datum point for land leveling mechanical operation and is also the initial operation position of the scraping edge of the scraper blade;

(3) And (3) operation: the height of the telescopic rod of the laser receiver is adjusted by taking the initial working position of the shovel blade as a reference, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser transmitter is matched with the receiver, and then, the control switch is arranged at an automatic position, so that the power unit leveling unit can be started to start leveling operation.

4. The method for leveling the land by combining dry and wet land according to claim 1 is characterized in that the satellite leveling method comprises the following steps, the principle of the satellite leveling machine is GNSS high-precision antenna receiving, an RTK technology is adopted, namely a carrier phase difference technology is adopted, the method is a difference method for processing carrier phase observed quantity of two measuring stations in real time, carrier phases acquired by a reference station are sent to a user receiver to calculate difference resolving coordinates, the RTK can acquire centimeter-level precision positioning in the wild in real time, the method is a novel common satellite positioning measuring technology, after a control box receives signals, correction is carried out, the corrected signals control a hydraulic valve, the flow direction and flow rate of hydraulic oil to a cylinder are changed, the height of a scraper is automatically controlled, and the land is leveled.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the leveling is performed after leveling, the leveling is performed by a leveling instrument, the checkerboard spot is obtained, and the design drawing scale is used to compare the degree of engineering realization design intent by internal calculation and drawing.

6. The method for leveling the dry and wet combined land according to claim 1, wherein completion measurement is performed after leveling, the elevation is measured by an unmanned aerial vehicle, a south S82 GPS RTK mobile station of an SDCORS system is accessed, a Dajiang eidolon 4 RTK unmanned aerial vehicle of a thousands of seeking SDCORS system is accessed, and the technical indexes of using instruments are as follows: the main precision technical index of the receiver is as follows:

(1) Static plane accuracy: + -3mm+1ppm;

(2) Static elevation accuracy: + -5 mm+1ppm;

(3) RTK plane precision: 1cm+1ppm;

(4) RTK elevation accuracy: + -2cm+1ppm.

7. The method for leveling land by combining dry and wet land as claimed in claim 3, wherein the working method of the laser leveling system used by the laser leveling method is characterized in that a light plane is formed on the positioning height of an operation land by utilizing a rotating light beam emitted by a laser emitter, the light plane is a datum plane of the leveling land when a leveling machine set works, the light plane can be horizontal or inclined with the horizontal (used for slope leveling operation), the laser receiver is arranged on a telescopic rod close to a scraper blade, and the fixed distance from the laser beam to the scraper blade is the datum of elevation positioning measurement. When the receiver detects the laser signal, the receiver continuously sends an electric signal to the control box, the control box receives the electric signal with the elevation changed, and then the electric signal after correction carries out automatic correction, and the hydraulic control valve is controlled by the corrected electric signal so as to change the flow direction and the flow rate of hydraulic oil to the oil cylinder, and the height of the soil scraping is automatically controlled, so that the soil scraping height is kept to reach the positioned elevation plane.

8. A method for leveling dry and wet combined soil according to claim 3, wherein the main working parts of the laser leveling system comprise a laser emitter, a laser receiver, a control box, a hydraulic mechanism, a scraper blade and a power unit,

(1) Laser emitter: the transmitter is fixed on the tripod roof. In the laser transmitter, there is a helium-neon laser tube with power of 4mW, the laser tube emits a red light beam with thickness like a pencil point, the light beam is downward, the light beam is shifted upward through two reflectors, and the light beam is changed into a parallel light beam through a lens, and then the parallel light beam is emitted through a prism system by turning 90 degrees. The prism system is arranged on a rotating shaft, so that a laser reference plane rotating for 360 degrees is formed at a certain height, the rotating speed is 300-600 r/min, the effective beam radius is 300-500 m (according to power), and the mechanical part is arranged on a universal joint system, so that the beam plane can incline according to a preset gradient;

(2) Laser receiver: the laser receiver is fixedly arranged on a telescopic rod of the land leveller and is connected with the control box through a wire. When receiving the rotary red light beam from the laser emitter, converting the laser signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the control box through a connecting wire;

(3) And (3) a control box: since the driver of the laser grader operates the control switches by using the control box in the cab, the control box should be installed at a position where the driver can easily monitor and can operate the control head by extending his hand. The control box is composed of: (1) three levers; (2) the addition and subtraction switch is used for changing the preset gradient in the digital display; the manipulator can rapidly preset the required gradient number; (3) the lifting switch of the receiving rod is used for adjusting the height of the receiving rod; (4) a diode fuse; (5) an automatic and manual switch; (6) a digital display for displaying the gradient number; (7) a scraper lifting switch; (8) an indication control switch for selecting an automatic or manual operation mode;

(4) Hydraulic control valve: the hydraulic valve is arranged on the power unit and is connected with a hydraulic system of the power unit. When the hydraulic shovel is in an automatic control state, the corrected electric signal is converted by the control box, the electromagnetic valve is started, the position of the hydraulic control valve is changed, the flow and the flow direction of hydraulic oil are changed, and the lifting of the hydraulic shovel is controlled through the expansion and contraction of the plunger of the oil cylinder.

9. The dry-wet combined land leveling method of claim 1, wherein the earth balancing and the deployment are carried out by dividing a topographic map into square grids, setting a wood pile on site to fix the square grids, measuring the land leveling height directly by an instrument, and calculating the earth engineering quantity by a square grid method, wherein the square grid method comprises the following steps: dividing a square grid, calculating a zero point position, calculating the earthwork quantity and calculating the total earthwork quantity;

calculating the construction elevation, the excavation and filling area and the earthwork quantity of the excavation and filling area, and adjusting to determine the allocation direction and the amount of the earthwork of the filling and filling area;

the earth balance and allocation principle is that the excavation (filling) amount is basically balanced, repeated transportation is reduced, and the sum of the products of the excavation (filling) amount and the transportation distance is as minimum as possible;

dividing a blending area, firstly dividing a dividing line of a digging and filling area on a plan view, appropriately dividing a plurality of blending areas in the digging area and the filling area, and determining the size and the position of the blending areas;

calculating the earthwork of each allocation area and marking the earthwork amount on a graph, and calculating the balance distance between the earthwork center of each digging and filling allocation area, namely the distance from the earthwork center of the digging area to the earthwork center of the filling area, wherein the longitudinal and transverse sides of the land or square grid weight are taken as coordinate axes, and an angle is taken as a coordinate origin;

the trench and the road are excavated in a mode of combining manpower and machinery, the trench and the road are excavated from top to bottom strictly according to the design size in construction, the overexcavation is reduced, and backfilling and compaction are carried out: when the ground is fluctuant, the ground is filled layer by layer from the lower part according to horizontal layering;

before construction needing compaction, a rolling experiment is carried out, whether the compaction quality can meet the design requirement is verified, the backfill soil material cannot contain organic impurities, in the construction process of leveling the soil, the whole soil is firstly subjected to sectional construction, the flatness and the soil drainage gradient are strict, and the elevation of each construction section is firstly subjected to positioning control, positioning piles are positioned and protected during measurement;

if in rainy season during construction, the drainage work is needed to be done on site, temporary drainage ditches are arranged in each area, and water is pumped by matching with a water pump, so that no ponding and no soaking by water are realized on site.