CN117015472A - 具有反射性边缘涂层的经照明的复合玻璃板 - Google Patents

具有反射性边缘涂层的经照明的复合玻璃板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117015472A
CN117015472A CN202380008172.0A CN202380008172A CN117015472A CN 117015472 A CN117015472 A CN 117015472A CN 202380008172 A CN202380008172 A CN 202380008172A CN 117015472 A CN117015472 A CN 117015472A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
light
glass sheet
inner glass
side edge
glass pane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202380008172.0A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
J·多罗萨里奥
A·齐克纳
M·曼德拉兹
P·萨基西安
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of CN117015472A publication Critical patent/CN117015472A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/538Roughness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract

本发明涉及复合玻璃板,其由以下部件形成:‑具有外侧表面(I)、内侧表面(II)和在它们之间延伸的侧边缘表面的外玻璃板(1),以及‑具有外侧表面(III)、内侧表面(IV)和在它们之间延伸的侧边缘表面(e)的内玻璃板(2),其中外玻璃板(1)的内侧表面(II)和内玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(III)通过热塑性中间层(3)相互接合,其中所述复合玻璃板‑配备有适合于将光耦合输入到内玻璃板(2)中的光源(5),并且‑配备有适合于将所述光从内玻璃板(2)通过其内侧表面(IV)耦合输出的至少一个光散射结构(6),其中所述内玻璃板(2)的侧边缘表面(e)的至少一个区域配备有光反射层(7)和光反射层(7)上的不透明材料(8)。

Description

具有反射性边缘涂层的经照明的复合玻璃板
本发明涉及复合玻璃板、其制造方法及其用途。
经照明的复合玻璃板本身是已知的。复合玻璃板由通过热塑性中间层相互接合的外玻璃板和内玻璃板组成。为了照明,可以将光源,通常发光二极管,布置在内玻璃板的侧边缘表面上,以使得光通过侧边缘表面耦合输入到内玻璃板中,并且在那里由于全反射传播。光可以通过光散射结构再次从内玻璃板耦合输出,由此实现照明。在此,可以自由地选择光散射结构的形状,从而可以产生经由任意形状的经照明表面,例如以图案形式。这种类型的经照明的复合玻璃板例如从WO2014/060409A1或WO2014/167291A1中已知。
在运载工具领域中,这种经照明的复合玻璃板作为顶玻璃板特别令人感兴趣,通过其可以对内部空间进行照明。然而,这种经照明的复合玻璃板也可用于其它运载工具玻璃板或建筑物和建筑领域中的玻璃板。代替照亮内部空间,通过光散射结构形成的经照明的表面也可以用于显示信息,例如用于显示方向箭头、状态显示、警告提示等。
在这种类型的常规经照明的复合玻璃板的情况下存在的问题是,部分光传播到内玻璃板的环绕侧边缘并在那里耦合输出。因此,不仅光散射结构被照明,侧边缘也被照明。一方面,这具有干扰性,因为光经由侧边缘射出是不希望的并且对观察者而言是刺激性的,或甚至可能导致复合玻璃板不再符合法律要求,特别是在运载工具玻璃板的区域中,在该区域中应排除驾驶员或其他交通参与者的眩目。另一方面,光在侧边缘上耦合输出也导致光损失,所述光此时不再可用于光散射结构处实际预期的耦合输出。照明强度或效率因此降低。
本发明的目的是提供开头所述类型的经照明的复合玻璃板,其中防止光经由侧边缘射出,并且具有射出的光的高强度或增加的光输出。
本发明的目的通过根据权利要求1的复合玻璃板来实现。优选的实施方式从从属权利要求中得出。
本发明的核心是,内玻璃板的侧边缘配备有光反射层和布置在其上的不透明材料。通过光反射层,到达侧边缘并且在一般类型的常规复合玻璃板的情况下会经由该侧边缘耦合输出的光再次反射回内玻璃板中。因此,辐射没有损失,并且光散射结构处的光耦合输出强度增加或光输出或效率增加。不透明材料一方面用于美观掩蔽,另一方面用于对光反射层进行机械和化学保护。因此可以实现具有增加的光输出的长期稳定和美学上吸引人的经照明的复合玻璃板。这是本发明的一大优点。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板包括外玻璃板和内玻璃板,它们通过热塑性中间层相互接合。复合玻璃板被设置在窗户开口(例如运载工具的窗户开口)中将内部空间(特别是运载工具内部空间)与外部环境隔开。在本发明的意义上,内玻璃板是指复合玻璃板的在安装位置中面向内部空间的玻璃板。外玻璃板是指面向外部环境的玻璃板。
复合玻璃板优选是运载工具玻璃板,例如机动车、轨道运载工具、轮船或飞机的窗户玻璃板。复合玻璃板特别优选是运载工具,优选机动车,尤其是载人机动车或载重机动车的顶玻璃板。然而,其也可以是其它运载工具玻璃板,例如挡风玻璃板、后玻璃板或侧玻璃板。原则上,其也可以用于建筑物中,例如作为窗户玻璃板、玻璃立面或室外或室内区域中的玻璃门,或用于家具或其它装修件中。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板分别具有外侧表面和内侧表面以及在它们之间延伸的环绕的侧边缘表面。在本发明的意义上,外侧表面是指被设置成在安装位置中面向外部环境的主表面。在本发明的意义上,内侧表面是指被设置成在安装位置中面向内部空间的主表面。外玻璃板的内侧表面和内玻璃板的外侧表面彼此面对并且面向热塑性中间层,并且通过热塑性中间层彼此接合。
侧边缘表面可以被设计为平坦的。然而,通常打磨侧边缘表面,以使由其造成的伤害风险最少化。侧边缘表面因此被设计为弯曲或圆化的,特别是凸形弯曲或圆化。
复合玻璃板,特别是内玻璃板,配备有适合于将光耦合输入到内玻璃板中的光源。耦合输入尤其这样进行,以使得光在内玻璃板中在其外侧表面和其内侧表面之间传播,特别是通过外侧表面和内侧表面上的全反射。耦合输入可以经由内玻璃板的侧边缘表面、内玻璃板中的缺口的环绕边缘面或内玻璃板的主表面的至少一个发生。在一个实施方式中,光源布置在内玻璃板的侧边缘表面上,以使得其适合于将光经由所述侧边缘表面耦合输入到内玻璃板中。在另一实施方式中,内玻璃板具有缺口,其例如为内玻璃板的两个主表面之间的贯通部形式(通孔形式的缺口),这在本发明的意义上也称为孔,或为袋状凹坑的形式(盲孔形式的凹坑或缺口),其经由主表面之一引入到内玻璃板中。所述缺口本身由环绕的边缘面界定。光源布置在该缺口之中或之上,以使得其适合于将光经由所述边缘面耦合输入到内玻璃板中。在另一实施方式中,光源布置在内玻璃板的主表面之一上,并且与其相反地将光耦合输入单元布置在另一主表面上。所述光耦合输入单元适合于将穿过内玻璃板射到光耦合输入单元上的光耦合输入到内玻璃板中。
耦合输入的光在内玻璃板中传播,特别是由于全反射。如果光源通过其侧边缘表面或缺口的边缘面照射内玻璃板,则光源附近的辐射部分以小于全反射临界角的入射角射到内玻璃板的主表面上。所述辐射部分大部分通过该主表面离开内玻璃板。然而,部分辐射以大于全反射临界角的入射角射到内玻璃板的主表面上。这些辐射部分分别完全在主表面上反射并因此通过似乎在内玻璃板的外侧表面和内侧表面之间来回反射而基本上无损耗地在内玻璃板中传播。甚至当光通过光耦合输入单元经由内玻璃板的主表面之一耦合输入时,部分光也可以小于总全反射临界角的入射角射到相反的主表面上(这部分再次经由所述主表面离开内玻璃板)并且另一部分以大于全反射临界角的入射角(这部分在内玻璃板中传播)。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板还配备有光散射结构,该光散射结构适合于将所述光从内玻璃板耦合输出,特别是经由其内侧表面。光散射结构因此布置在复合玻璃板中,以使得在内玻璃板中传播的光射到其上。通过光散射结构的光散射性能,防止全反射。光散射结构似乎是散射中心,光在该处被散射并因此没有被全反射。由于散射基本上是非定向的,至少部分散射光经由内玻璃板的内侧表面离开复合玻璃板。由此可以实现对内部空间的照明或可以显示从内部空间可见的信息。
根据本发明,内玻璃板的侧边缘表面的至少一个区域配备有光反射层。这意味着存在侧边缘表面的至少一个区段,其配备有光反射层。优选地,所述区段完全配备有光反射层,以使得所述区段中的光反射层从内玻璃板的外侧表面开始不中断地经由侧边缘表面延伸到内玻璃板的内侧表面。如果内玻璃板的整个侧边缘表面配备有光反射层,则特别有效。然后完全抑制光经由侧边缘表面射出并且散射结构处的光输出特别高。但是,如果侧边缘表面的仅一个区段或多个区段配备有涂层,而其它区段不带涂层,则也可以由此实现光输出的改进。
根据本发明,在光反射层上布置不透明材料,一方面光反射层在其后被遮盖,另一方面其保护光反射层免受机械或化学损坏。
光反射层特别适合于将到达侧边缘表面的光的至少一部分(即在内玻璃板中传播的光的到达侧边缘表面的那部分)反射回到内玻璃板中。具有光反射层和不透明材料的侧边缘表面的所述区域为此适当定位。
在运行中,光源发射可见光,即可见光谱范围内,特别是380nm至780nm的电磁辐射。光源优选是单色光源,即发射仅一种颜色的辐射。相应地,发射光谱优选地具有单个发射带,其具有特定光谱带宽和单个最大值,该最大值特别地(至少近似地)对应于平均发射波长。所述复合玻璃板可以包含单个光源或多个光源,其光在不同位置耦合输入到内玻璃板中。
光源优选是发光二极管(LED,light-emittingdiode)。发光二极管的电致发光材料例如可以是无机半导体或有机半导体。在后一种情况下,还提到有机发光二极管(OLED,organiclightemittingdiode)。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,光源被分配给内玻璃板的侧边缘表面并且适合于将光经由侧边缘表面耦合输入到内玻璃板中。由光源发出的光在此可以直接射到侧边缘表面上,而没有任何偏转。光源在此可以位于由内玻璃板界定的平面中的内玻璃板的一侧。此外,光源可以直接固定,例如胶粘或夹紧在侧边缘表面上。替代地,光源也可以位于外壳或支架中并固定在那里,其中外壳或支架固定,例如胶粘或夹紧在内玻璃板上,以使得光源照射侧边缘表面。然而,光源也可以不直接地照射侧边缘表面,而是辐射为此首先被偏转。因此可以设想,光源位于包含反射面或波导体的外壳中,光的光束路径被设计成通过该反射面或波导体。该外壳固定在复合玻璃板上,以使得光束路径将光输送到内玻璃板的侧边缘表面。光源本身则不必位于由内玻璃板界定的平面中的内玻璃板的一侧,而是可以例如在透视方向上布置在复合玻璃板的前面或后面。所述外壳优选地固定在内玻璃板的内侧表面上并且从那里延伸到内玻璃板的侧边缘表面。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,光源被分配给内玻璃板的缺口。因此,内玻璃板具有缺口。该缺口优选是孔,即在内玻璃板的外侧表面和内侧表面之间延伸的贯通部。替代地,缺口也可以是盲孔形式的凹坑(袋状凹坑),其从外侧表面或内侧表面开始延伸到内玻璃板中,但是没有到达相反的主表面,这样会产生贯通部。盲孔优选地从内侧表面开始延伸到内玻璃板中,因为其甚至在复合玻璃板被层压之后仍可被触及。然后可以后续插入光源,并在出现故障的情况下容易更换光源。缺口可以例如通过机械钻孔或通过激光加工产生在内玻璃板中。缺口优选被设计为圆形,但原则上可以具有各种任意形状,例如多边形。这意味着缺口的底面在内玻璃板的至少一个表面的平面中,缺口经由该表面引入内玻璃板中。总的来说,缺口具有圆柱体的形状,优选竖直的圆柱体。圆柱体优选为正圆柱体(正圆的底面),但也可以具有任意其它底面,例如椭圆的底面(椭圆的圆柱体)或多边形的底面(棱柱)。
缺口,无论是贯通部还是凹坑,都由在内玻璃板的主表面之间延伸的环绕的侧边缘面界定。在贯通部的情况下,这是缺口的唯一边界面。在袋状凹坑的情况下,存在另一个边界面,其面向凹坑没有延伸到的内玻璃板主表面,并似乎形成盲孔的底部。如果复合玻璃板包括多个光源,则优选为每个光源设置单独的缺口。
在该实施方式中,光源被分配给缺口的所述边缘面并且适合于将光经由该边缘面耦合输入到内玻璃板中。为此,光源本身可以布置在缺口中,以使得其位于由内玻璃板界定的平面中并且射出的光直接射到边缘面上,而没有任何偏转。为此,例如可以将光源夹紧在缺口中或胶粘在边缘面上。还可以设想,光源位于外壳或支架中并固定在那里,其中外壳或支架插入缺口中,优选地以精确匹配的方式。然而,替代地也可能的是,光源不直接照射边缘面,而是辐射为此首先被偏转。因此可以设想,光源位于外壳中,其中外壳的一部分插入缺口中,而外壳的另一部分位于缺口之外。光源位于缺口之外的外壳部分中,并且光被外壳中的反射面或波导体偏转,从而照射缺口的边缘面。所述外壳优选地固定在内玻璃板的内侧表面上并且从那里延伸到缺口中。
在本发明的另一实施方式中,光源被分配给内玻璃板的两个表面(主表面)之一。光源布置在表面之一上并且光经由该表面射到内玻璃板中。在另一表面上,与光源相反地布置光耦合输入单元,该光耦合输入单元适合于将穿过内玻璃板射到光耦合输入单元上的光经由所述另一表面(即布置有光耦合输入单元的表面)耦合输入到内玻璃板中。光耦合输入单元例如可以被设计为微棱镜膜、结构化塑料膜或具有扁平布置的微棱镜的塑料板。光耦合输入单元将光反射回内玻璃板中,但是以相对于面法线而言偏离0°的改变的角度。光在内玻璃板的表面处折射,产生的光的至少一部分在内玻璃板中以大于全反射临界角的入射角射到相反的表面上,从而将光耦合输入到内玻璃板中。光源优选地布置在内玻璃板的内侧表面上,以使得其可以后续安置并且在出现故障的情况下容易更换。
如果存在多个光源,则可以将所有光源布置在内玻璃板的侧边缘表面上。替代地,所有光源可以位于缺口之上或之中,其中每个光源优选地被分配有单独的缺口。替代地,所有光源都可以布置在内玻璃板的表面之一上,其中光耦合输入单元位于与其相反的另一表面上。然而,也可以设想其中存在两个或三个光源子组的组合,其中实现不同的光耦合输入。在每个子组中,光耦合输入根据上述三个原理之一实现(经由内玻璃板的侧边缘表面、经由缺口的边缘面或经由主表面之一),其中光耦合输入原理在每个子组中都不同-每个子组的原理因此不同于其它一个子组或多个子组的原理。
如果光源被分配给内玻璃板的缺口,特别是布置在内玻璃板的缺口之中或之上,并且照射该缺口的边缘面,则内玻璃板的整个侧边缘表面优选配备有光反射层和不透明材料。如果光源布置在内玻璃板的主表面之一上并且照射另一表面上的与其相反的光耦合输入单元,则内玻璃板的整个侧边缘表面优选地同样配备有光反射层和不透明材料。如果光源被分配给内玻璃板的侧边缘表面,特别是布置在内玻璃板的侧边缘表面上,并且照射其,则内玻璃板的整个侧边缘表面优选地配备有光反射层和不透光材料,其中排除配备有光源的那个区段。在这些情况下实现了最佳效果,完全防止光经由侧边缘射出,并且经由光散射结构的辐射强度最大化增加。
然而,替代地也可以设想,侧边缘表面的仅一个区段(区域)或多个区段(区域)配备有光反射层和不透明材料,而其它区段保持空闲。虽然此时经由这些区段仍然可以将光射出,但是与没有反射层的常规复合玻璃板相比仍然实现改进。如果光经由侧边缘表面的区域耦合输入,则具有光反射层和不透明材料的区域优选与光耦合输入的区域相反。复合玻璃板通常被设计为近似多边形,特别是近似四边形。“近似”在此特别是指多边形或四方形的边与理想的几何图形相比经常不被设计为直的,而是相互独立地凸形或凹形弯曲的。此外可以将侧边缘表面分成与多边形的边对应的多个区段(例如在四边形的情况下四个区段),其中彼此相邻的区段经由角相互连接。如果光在所述区段中经由侧边缘表面耦合输入,则所述一个具有光反射层和不透明材料的区域优选布置在侧边缘表面的所述区段的另一个中,或所述多个具有光反射层和不透明材料的区域优选布置在侧边缘表面的所述区段的另一个或多个中。具有光反射层和不透明材料的侧边缘表面的区段特别优选与进行光耦合输入的那个区段相反。
光反射层可以不同的类型和方式设计。光反射层优选地对光源的辐射具有至少90%,尤其是约100%的反射率。优选以下实施方式:
-光反射层被设计为由含金属的糊剂制成。该糊剂包含确保光反射性能的金属颗粒或含金属的化合物。例如,该金属可以是银或铝。这样的糊剂例如可以印刷在侧边缘表面上或通过刷子、辊或海绵施加。然后优选在温度的作用下将糊剂干燥和/或烧制到侧边缘表面中。该糊剂可包含玻璃料,以确保与侧边缘表面的稳定结合。
-光反射层是金属或金属合金的层,例如铝层。这样的层可以例如通过气相沉积,例如通过蒸镀来施加。
-光反射层被设计为反射性聚合物膜。这样的聚合物膜例如可以胶粘到侧边缘表面上。反射性聚合物膜例如可以具有多个聚合物层,其中具有较高折射率的层和具有较低折射率的层交替布置。反射效果此时由光学干涉引起。替代地,反射性聚合物膜可以例如具有产生反射效果的嵌入物,例如散射光的细气泡,反射效果基于此。
-光反射层被设计为反射性陶瓷层,其例如基于透明导电氧化物(TCO,transparentconductiveoxide),例如氧化铟锡(ITO,indiumtin oxide)。
不透明材料优选为黑色。它防止透视,并且为此优选地在可见光谱范围内具有小于5%,特别是约0%的透射率。不透明材料可以层状或膜状施加到光反射层上,例如作为不透明膜的条或带、不透明胶带、不透明油墨层、不透明糊剂层或注射成型或挤出的塑料层。层状或膜状的不透明材料被理解为是指层厚度小于1mm,优选小于500μm,例如50μm至1mm或50μm至500μm的材料。然而,其也可以是更厚的、在三个维度上延伸的不透明元件或部件,其例如由橡胶或注射成型或挤出塑料制成。这种不透明元件或部件优选具有大于1mm,优选大于3mm或甚至大于5mm,例如1mm至100mm或3mm至50mm的厚度。其可以直接注射或挤出到复合玻璃板上,或可以首先制造并然后安置,例如胶粘。厚度或层厚度在此被理解为是指垂直于内玻璃板的侧边缘表面延伸的尺寸。
在第一特别优选的实施方案中,仅内玻璃板的侧边缘表面配备有光反射层和不透明材料。不透明材料优选作为层施加到光反射层上,其中层厚度为最多1mm,尤其是最多500μm。根据本发明的内玻璃板的边缘密封件此时有利地不显眼。在该实施方式中,不透明材料优选被设计为:
-不透明膜的条或带,特别是聚合物膜或橡胶膜;这种膜可以通过胶粘剂层固定在光反射层上,但通过选择合适的材料可设想,该膜本身对光反射层具有粘附性能,因此无需单独的胶粘剂;
-不透明胶带;这种胶带可以容易地胶粘到光反射层上;
-不透明油墨层或不透明糊剂层;这样的油墨或糊剂例如可以印刷、喷涂或通过刷子、辊或海绵施加到光反射层上。
所提到的层状不透明材料的实施方式有利地易于施加。然而,不透明材料也可以被设计为由挤出的塑料制成。由此也可以产生薄层。替代地,作为注射成型的塑料的不透明材料的实施方式也是可行的。塑料可以直接挤出或注射到复合玻璃板上,或可以作为成品部件制造并后续安置,例如胶粘。
在该实施方案中,外玻璃板和内玻璃板可以具有基本相同的尺寸,以使得它们的侧边缘表面齐平地布置。然而,这两个玻璃板之一(优选内玻璃板)的侧边缘表面也可以在局部或环绕地相对于另一个玻璃板的侧边缘表面而言回缩,以使得所述另一个玻璃板突出超过回缩的玻璃板。
在另一个实施方式中,不透明材料特别地还可以在除了内玻璃板的侧边缘表面之外的其它表面上延伸。在第二特别优选的实施方案中,内玻璃板的侧边缘表面和中间层相对于外玻璃板的侧边缘表面而言回缩,以使得外玻璃板突出超过中间层和内玻璃板,优选环绕地。不透明材料布置为与内玻璃板的侧边缘表面、中间层(更确切地说,中间层的侧边缘表面)和外玻璃板的内侧表面的突出区段邻接。不透明材料优选地与外玻璃板的侧边缘表面齐平终止,但其也可以延伸超过,并且甚至完全或部分地覆盖外玻璃板的侧边缘表面。在该实施方式中,不透明材料优选地被设计为由橡胶或挤出或注射成型的塑料制成。该塑料可以直接挤出或注射到复合玻璃板上,或作为成品部件制造并后续安置,例如胶粘。
光散射结构确保在内玻璃板中传播的光被散射,从而将其耦合输出。被光散射结构占据的复合玻璃板的面积因此对于观察者而言看起来是经照明的面积。例如,这可用于对内部空间进行照明或用于实现显示信息的显示器。照明结构可以存在于复合玻璃板的单个连贯区域中,或也可以存在于多个彼此分开的区域中。由于光散射结构,可实现任意的形状或图案。
光散射结构优选与内玻璃板直接接触,以有效地散射在其中传播的光。其优选施加在内玻璃板的内侧表面或外侧表面上或被设计在那里或在中间层的与内玻璃板接触的表面上。光散射结构特别优选施加在内玻璃板的外侧表面上或被设计在那里,因为其随后在层压件的内部受保护。这同样适用于中间层的与内玻璃板接触的表面上的光散射结构。
在一个有利的实施方式中,光散射结构被设计为印刷物,特别是内玻璃板的表面之一上或中间层的面向内玻璃板的表面上的印刷物。内玻璃板上的印刷物优选被设计为光散射搪瓷。例如,可以使用丝网印刷法印刷该搪瓷。其优选地包含玻璃料,其被烧制到内玻璃板的表面中,由此产生粗糙化且因此光散射的表面。中间层上的印刷物可以通过用光散射印刷糊剂印刷热塑性膜的表面来实现,例如使用丝网印刷法。在复合玻璃板的制造过程中,将膜插入外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间,以形成中间层,其中经印刷的表面优选面向内玻璃板,特别是与内玻璃板直接接触。在一个有利的实施方式中,光散射结构是透明的,因此其不会明显限制透过复合玻璃板的透视。因此,印刷物(搪瓷或印刷糊剂)优选不含颜料。然而,具有颜料的不透明或半透明的光散射结构也是可以设想的,例如白色结构。
然而,光散射结构也可以通过使内玻璃板或中间层的相关表面粗糙化来形成。这种粗糙化可以机械地(例如通过打磨技术)或通过激光加工来进行。激光加工的优点是光散射结构也可以引入到完成层压的复合玻璃板中,即使当其应位于复合玻璃板内部时,因为激光辐射也可以聚焦在复合玻璃板内部的平面(特别是内玻璃板的外侧表面)上,例如穿过透明的内玻璃板。通过激光加工,也可以不在内玻璃板的表面上,而是在内玻璃板的内部形成光散射结构。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选由玻璃制成,尤其是如窗户玻璃板常用的钠钙玻璃。然而原则上,玻璃板也可以由其它类型的玻璃(例如硼硅酸盐玻璃、石英玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃)或透明塑料(例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚碳酸酯)制成。外玻璃板和内玻璃板的厚度可以宽泛地变化。优选使用厚度为0.8mm至5mm,优选1.4mm至2.5mm的玻璃板,例如具有1.6mm或2.1mm的标准厚度的那些。
外玻璃板、内玻璃板和热塑性中间层可以是透明且无色的,也可以是着色或有色的。在一个有利的实施方式中,外玻璃板和/或中间层是着色的。内玻璃板优选是透明的。此时,光可以有利地在内玻璃板中传播并且经照明的光散射结构看起来有利地清楚地出现在着色背景的前面。外玻璃板和/或中间层优选是着色的,以使得复合玻璃板在可见光谱范围内的透光率为0%至80%,优选2%至20%,非常特别优选4%至12%。透光率为0%时,复合玻璃板仅用于照明,而无法进行透视。在一个特别有利的实施方式中,特别是当复合玻璃板是运载工具顶玻璃板时,外玻璃板是着色的并具有0%至95%或2%至80%的透光率,中间层是着色的并具有0%至95%或2%至80%的透光率,并且内玻璃板是透明的并具有大于80%,特别是大于90%的透光率。
热塑性中间层包括至少一个热塑性接合材料子层,其优选包含乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或聚氨酯(PU)或其混合物或共聚物或衍生物,特别优选PVB。中间层通常由至少一个热塑性膜形成。膜的厚度优选为0.3mm至2mm,其中0.36mm和0.76mm的标准厚度是特别常见的。中间层也可以包括多个热塑性材料子层并且例如由多个以面形式彼此叠置的聚合物膜形成。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板可以彼此独立地是未预加应力、部分预加应力或预加应力的。如果玻璃板的至少一个应具有预应力,则这可以是热或化学预应力。复合玻璃板优选在空间的一个或多个方向上弯曲,特别是当其用作机动车玻璃板时,其中典型的曲率半径为约10cm至约40m。然而,复合玻璃板也可以是平坦的,例如当其被设置为公共汽车、火车或拖拉机的玻璃板、用于建筑物或建筑领域中时。
复合玻璃板优选具有不透明掩蔽区域,通过该掩蔽区域不可能透视。该掩蔽区域优选环绕地布置在复合玻璃板的边缘区域中并且框架状围绕中央透明透视区域。这尤其对于运载工具玻璃板来说常见。掩蔽区域优选由不透明覆盖印刷物形成,其特别优选地至少施加在外玻璃板的内侧表面上。如果光源布置在内玻璃板的缺口之中或之上,则该缺口优选位于复合玻璃板的掩蔽区域中。因此光源在视觉上不显眼。
本发明还包括配备有根据本发明的复合玻璃板的运载工具。复合玻璃板优选是顶玻璃板,其中光散射结构特别用于对运载工具内部空间进行照明。然而,玻璃板也可以是挡风玻璃板、侧玻璃板或后玻璃板。
本发明还包括制造根据本发明的复合玻璃板的方法。在此,外玻璃板和内玻璃板通过中间层经由层压相互接合,这在复合玻璃板的制造中常见。可以使用本身已知的层压方法,例如高压釜法、真空袋法、真空环法、压延法、真空层压机或其组合。外玻璃板和内玻璃板在此通常在热、真空和/或压力的作用下接合。
如果运载工具玻璃应弯曲,则单玻璃板优选在层压之前经受弯曲过程,例如通过重力弯曲、压制弯曲和/或抽吸弯曲。优选地,将外玻璃板和内玻璃板彼此叠置地共同(即同时并使用相同的工具)一致弯曲,因为由此使玻璃板的形状对于稍后进行的层压而言最佳地彼此匹配。例如,玻璃弯曲过程的典型温度为500℃至700℃。
在根据本发明的方法中,内玻璃板或中间层在层压之前或之后以及在可能的弯曲过程之前或之后配备有光散射结构。这优选地通过印刷,例如丝网印刷来进行。替代地,光散射结构可以通过粗糙化来产生,例如机械地或通过激光加工。光散射结构特别优选在可能的弯曲过程之前和层压之前产生,特别是当其被印刷时。通过激光加工、通过在内玻璃板的内侧表面上印刷或通过内玻璃板的内侧表面的机械粗糙化,光散射结构原则上也可以在可能的弯曲过程之后和复合玻璃板的层压之后进行。
在根据本发明的方法中,内玻璃板的侧边缘表面的至少一个区域在层压之前或之后以及在可能的弯曲过程之前或之后配备有光反射层。这可以通过例如印刷或施加(例如用刷子、辊或海绵)含金属的糊剂、通过化学气相沉积来沉积金属层、通过胶粘反射性聚合物膜或通过形成反射性陶瓷层来进行。有利的是,层压后才将光反射层施加在成品复合玻璃板上——这样,其不会在可能的弯曲过程和层压过程中受到损坏的风险。
在根据本发明的方法中,不透明材料在层压之前或之后施加到光反射层上。有利的是,在施加光反射层之后立即施加不透明材料,因为其可以此时在进一步的方法步骤或复合玻璃板的进一步处理时保护该光反射层免受损坏。
替代地,如果光散射层和不透明材料以膜或胶带的形式提供,也可以首先将光散射结构和不透明材料牢固地彼此接合,然后将这种复合体安置在内玻璃板的侧边缘表面上。
在根据本发明的方法中,光源布置在内玻璃板的侧边缘表面上或内玻璃板的可能的缺口之中或之上。这优选在否则成品的复合玻璃板的层压之作为最后的方法步骤进行。如果使用光耦合输入单元将光经由内玻璃板的主表面耦合输入,则优选在层压之前将其安置在所述主表面上或插入在层堆叠体中的所需位置处,然后将其层压以形成复合玻璃板,特别是在内玻璃板和中间层之间。
在一个有利的实施方式中,不透明材料以不透明膜的条或带的形式、不透明胶带的形式施加,特别是胶粘,或作为不透明油墨层或不透明糊剂层,例如通过用刷子、辊或海绵施加。
在另一个有利的实施方式中,不透明材料通过注射成型或挤出产生。然后它可以固定,例如胶粘在复合玻璃板上。其特别优选地直接注射或挤出到复合玻璃板上(即通过注射成型或挤出来施加)。在注射成型过程中,复合玻璃板的边缘区域位于注射成型工具中,该注射成型工具形成与不透明材料的所需形状和布置对应的空腔。用不透明塑料物料填充该空腔,然后使其固化。在挤出过程中,挤出喷嘴环绕地围绕复合玻璃板引导,并且聚合物材料直接注射到设置的位置处。
本发明还包括根据本发明的复合玻璃板作为运载工具或建筑物或内部空间的窗户玻璃板、在家具或装修件中的用途。该复合玻璃板特别优选用作运载工具玻璃板,特别是用作运载工具顶玻璃板,但替代地也用作挡风玻璃板、侧玻璃板或后玻璃板。运载工具可以是任意的陆地运载工具、水上运载工具或空中运载工具,优选是载人机动车、载重机动车或轨道运载工具。
下面参考附图和实施例更详细地解释本发明。附图是示意图而不是按比例绘制的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。
其中:
图1显示了穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板的一个实施方式的截面,
图2显示了图1的Z局部的放大图,
图3显示了穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式的截面,
图4显示了图3的Z局部的放大图。
图1和图2分别显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的第一示例性实施方式的细节。复合玻璃板被设置为运载工具顶玻璃板。为了简单起见,其显示为平坦的,其中运载工具顶玻璃板通常被设计为弯曲的。复合玻璃板在结构上由外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2形成,它们通过热塑性中间层3相互接合。在安装位置中,外玻璃板1面向外部环境,内玻璃板2面向运载工具内部空间。外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2例如由钠钙玻璃构成并且例如分别具有2.1mm的厚度。外玻璃板1具有在安装位置中面向外部环境的外侧表面I和在安装位置中面向内部空间的内侧表面II以及在它们之间延伸的环绕的侧边缘表面。同样,内玻璃板2具有在安装位置中面向外部环境的外侧表面III和在安装位置中面向内部空间的内侧表面IV以及在它们之间延伸的环绕的侧边缘表面e。外玻璃板1的内侧表面II和内玻璃板2的外侧表面III彼此面对并且通过热塑性中间层3彼此接合。中间层3由厚度为例如0.76mm的基于PVB的单个膜形成。为了简单起见,侧边缘表面显示为平坦的,但实际上通常由于边缘打磨而凸形圆化。例如,外玻璃板1和中间层3是着色的,而内玻璃板2由透明玻璃制成。由于这种着色,透过复合玻璃板的总透射率为例如小于15%。
内玻璃板2在边缘区域中配备有缺口4,该缺口作为贯通部完全延伸穿过内玻璃板2,即从其外侧表面III延伸至其内侧表面IV。该缺口4例如具有正圆形底面并且由环绕的边缘面i界定。缺口4总体上具有正圆柱体的形状,其中边缘面i形成侧表面并且圆柱体的底面由外侧表面III和内侧表面IV中的缺口的入口和出口得出。光源5插入到缺口4中,其例如胶粘到边缘面i上。光源5例如被设计为发光二极管(LED)。在运行中,其发出可见光,该可见光经由边缘面i耦合输入到内玻璃板2中并且在那里由于在其表面III、IV上的全反射而传播。由透明搪瓷制成的光散射结构6也印刷在内玻璃板2的内侧表面IV上。当来自光源5的光射到这些光散射结构6上时,它被散射并因此从内玻璃板2耦合输出。由此,光散射结构6对于运载工具乘员而言看起来是经照明的表面,其例如可用于对运载工具内部空间进行照明。
除了射到这些光散射结构6上的辐射部分之外,射到侧边缘表面e上的那些辐射部分也在这种类型的常规复合玻璃板中耦合输出。侧边缘表面e因此也射出不希望的辐射,其一方面可能是干扰性的并且另一方面减少可用于在光散射结构6处散射的总辐射。在光散射结构6处散射的辐射的强度由此降低或照明效率降低。
为了避免这种情况,内玻璃板2的侧边缘表面e环绕地配备有光反射层7,其上还布置不透明材料8。为了更清楚起见,这在图1中未示出,但是可以在图2的放大图中看到。光反射层7将射到侧边缘表面e上的光反射回内玻璃板2中,因此它不会损失。一方面,不透明材料4以美学上有利的方式遮盖光反射层7,另一方面保护其免受损坏或腐蚀。
光反射层7被设计为例如由含金属的糊剂制成、被设计为金属层或反射光的聚合物膜。不透明材料8例如被设计为不透明胶带。
外玻璃板1的内侧表面II在环绕的边缘区域中配备有覆盖印刷物9,其形成复合玻璃板的不透明掩蔽区域,如运载工具玻璃板中常见。具有光源5的缺口4布置在该掩蔽区域中,因此它们有利地不显眼。
图3和图4分别显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的第二示例性实施方式的细节。具有覆盖印刷物9的外玻璃板1以如图1和2的第一实施方式中那样设计。具有缺口4的内玻璃板2连同光源5和光散射结构6以及热塑性中间层3一起也基本上如第一实施方式中那样设计,但与其不同地具有比外玻璃板1更小的面积并且布置成使它们相对于外玻璃板1而言回缩。外玻璃板1因此环绕地突出超过中间层3和内玻璃板2。
内玻璃板2的侧边缘表面e又配备有光反射层7。在该实施方式中,不透明材料8由不透明塑料形成并且与具有光反射层7的侧边缘表面e和中间层3的侧边缘表面邻接。与其相反地,不透明材料与外玻璃板1的侧边缘表面齐平地终止。通过环绕地围绕复合玻璃板引导挤出喷嘴并将聚合物材料直接注射到设置的位置,可以将不透明材料直接挤出到复合玻璃板上。替代地,可以通过将复合玻璃板的边缘区域定位在合适的注射成型工具中,将不透明材料直接注射到复合玻璃板上。然而,替代地,不透明材料8也可以所需的形状制成,例如通过注射成型或挤出,然后安置,例如胶粘。
附图标记列表:
(1)外玻璃板
(2)内玻璃板
(3)热塑性中间层
(4)内玻璃2的缺口
(5)光源
(6)光散射结构
(7)光反射层
(8)不透明材料
(9)覆盖印刷物
(I)外玻璃板1的外侧表面
(II)外玻璃板1的内侧表面
(III)内玻璃板2的外侧表面
(IV)内玻璃板2的内侧表面
(e)内玻璃板2的侧边缘表面
(i)缺口4的边缘面
Z放大区域。

Claims (15)

1.复合玻璃板,其由以下部件形成
-具有外侧表面(I)、内侧表面(II)和在它们之间延伸的侧边缘表面的外玻璃板(1),以及
-具有外侧表面(III)、内侧表面(IV)和在它们之间延伸的侧边缘表面(e)的内玻璃板(2),
其中外玻璃板(1)的内侧表面(II)和内玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(III)通过热塑性中间层(3)相互接合,
其中所述复合玻璃板
-配备有适合于将光耦合输入到内玻璃板(2)中的光源(5),并且
-配备有适合于将所述光从内玻璃板(2)通过其内侧表面(IV)耦合输出的至少一个光散射结构(6),
其特征在于,所述内玻璃板(2)的侧边缘表面(e)的至少一个区域配备有光反射层(7)和光反射层(7)上的不透明材料(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板,其中光反射层(7)适合于将到达侧边缘表面(e)的光的至少一部分反射回内玻璃板(2)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合玻璃板,其中光源(5)
-被分配给内玻璃板(2)的侧边缘表面(e),特别是布置在侧边缘表面(e)上,以使得其适合于将光通过侧边缘表面(e)耦合输入到内玻璃板(2)中,或
-被分配给由环绕的边缘面(i)界定的内玻璃板(2)的缺口(4),特别是布置在所述缺口(4)之中或之上,以使得其适合于将光通过边缘面(i)耦合输入内玻璃班(2)中。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合玻璃板,其中光源(5)布置在内玻璃板(2)的表面(III、IV)之一上,并且与其相反地将光耦合输入单元布置在另一表面(III、IV)上,所述光耦合输入单元适合于将穿过内玻璃板(2)射到光耦合输入单元上的光耦合输入到内玻璃板(2)中。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的复合玻璃板,其中仅内玻璃板(2)的侧边缘表面(e)配备有光反射层(7)和不透明材料(8)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合玻璃板,其中所述不透明材料(8)被设计为不透明膜的条或带、不透明胶带、不透明油墨层或不透明糊剂层、或挤出塑料。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的复合玻璃板,其中内玻璃板(2)的侧边缘表面(e)和中间层(3)相对于外玻璃板(1)的侧边缘表面而言回缩,并且其中不透明材料(8)布置成与内玻璃板的侧边缘表面(e)、中间层(3)和外玻璃板(1)的内侧表面(II)邻接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合玻璃板,其中不透明材料(8)被设计为挤出或注射成型的塑料或由橡胶制成。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的复合玻璃板,其中内玻璃板(2)的整个侧边缘表面(e)配备有光反射层(7)和不透明材料(8),如果光源(5)布置在内玻璃板(2)的侧边缘表面(e)上,排除配备有光源(5)的那个区段。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的复合玻璃板,其中所述光反射层(7)被设计为由含金属的糊剂制成、被设计为金属层、反射性聚合物膜或反射性陶瓷层。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的复合玻璃板,其中所述光散射结构(6)被设计为内玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(III)或内侧表面(IV)上或中间层(3)的与内玻璃板(2)接触的表面上的印刷物。
12.制造根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的复合玻璃板的方法,其中外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2)通过中间层(3)经由层压相互接合,
其中
-内玻璃板(2)或中间层(3)在层压之前或之后配备有光散射结构(6),
-内玻璃板(2)的侧边缘表面(e)的至少一个区域在层压之前或之后配备有光反射层(7),
-不透明材料(8)在层压之前或之后施加到光反射层(7)上,并且
-其中,优选在层压之后,光源(5)布置在内玻璃板(2)的侧边缘表面(e)上或内玻璃板(2)的可能的缺口(4)之中或之上。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述不透明材料(8)作为不透明膜的条或带或不透明胶带胶粘、或作为不透明油墨层或不透明糊剂层施加。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述不透明材料(8)通过注射成型或挤出施加。
15.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的复合玻璃板作为运载工具玻璃板,特别是作为运载工具顶玻璃板的用途。
CN202380008172.0A 2022-03-07 2023-01-27 具有反射性边缘涂层的经照明的复合玻璃板 Pending CN117015472A (zh)

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