CN117007870B - High-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of radio astronomical observation and communication, and discloses a high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device, wherein a receiving antenna is used for receiving a solar radio signal and outputting the solar radio signal to a noise source correction unit; the noise source correction unit is used for calibrating the solar radio signal according to the cold temperature data and the hot temperature data of the noise source and outputting a circularly polarized signal to the analog front-end system; the analog front-end system is used for processing the circularly polarized signals and outputting two paths of channel signals; the digital receiver is used for collecting the two paths of channel signals, carrying out frequency mixing processing on one path of channel signals, carrying out frequency conversion processing on the other path of channel signals, and then transmitting the signals to the display storage system; the display storage system comprises an upper computer and a data storage system, wherein the data storage system is used for displaying and storing signals transmitted by the digital receiver, and the upper computer is used for controlling the receiving antenna, the noise source correction unit, the analog front-end system and the digital receiver.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio astronomical observation and communication, in particular to a high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device.
Background
The high-frequency radio astronomical observation receiver system expands the bandwidth of the acquisition system in a mode commonly adopted at present, but has certain problems. The receiving system mode comprises an analog superheterodyne down-conversion combined low intermediate frequency sampling digital receiver, a channelized mode acquisition digital receiver, a compressed sampling mode acquisition digital receiver, a single bit sampling digital receiver, an alternate sampling digital receiver and the like. The analog superheterodyne down-conversion is combined with the low intermediate frequency sampling digital receiver to perform analog/digital and digital/analog conversion at the intermediate frequency, so that the digital signal processing capability and the speed requirement of the A/D rear-end digital signal processing part can be reduced, but the complexity requirement on the radio frequency front-end part is extremely high, the volume and the cost of an onboard system are high, and the superheterodyne architecture receiver causes the tight coupling of functional waveform software and a front-end circuit, so that the new function expansion is difficult. The filtering and frequency conversion of the channel of the digital receiver are collected in a channelized mode, so that the system is huge and complex, in-band fluctuation is large, and signal distortion is serious. The compressed sampling mode is used for acquiring the digital receiver requirement signal with corresponding sparsity. The single bit sampled digital receiver has a loss in amplitude, phase and the system's biphone dynamics is low. The digital receiver using multipath ADC parallel time alternative sampling greatly improves the sampling rate, but the analog bandwidth of the ADC device is a limiting factor, and non-uniform errors of parallel sampling are unavoidable due to the response difference between parallel channels and the sampling clock difference between channels.
Aiming at the requirements of high-frequency radio astronomical observation on sampling and large bandwidth of a receiver system, and the problems of huge and complex system, limitation on signal requirements, serious signal distortion and the like of the existing receiver. Solar radio bursts in cm wave bands can be classified into gradual rise and fall bursts, pulse bursts and microwave big bursts according to the characteristic that the radiation intensity changes with time. According to the cyclotron radiation theory, the relation between the related magnetic field and particle acceleration can be deduced according to the peak frequency and the high-frequency end spectrum index. The low frequency cut-off is related to various absorption mechanisms and the emitter related parameters and related properties can also be inferred. There are some high resolution radio telescopes currently used for the study of the centimeter band burst phenomenon. However, the current solar radio telescope with the centimeter wave band has low universal time and frequency resolution, which is not beneficial to researching the burst with the centimeter wave band.
Disclosure of Invention
The existing centimeter-band solar radio telescope has the problems of extremely high requirements on the complexity of the front end part of the radio frequency, difficult new function expansion, huge and complex system caused by filtering and frequency conversion, larger in-band fluctuation and serious signal distortion, and the time resolution and the frequency resolution of the collected centimeter-band solar radio telescope are not high. Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device which meets the requirement of a high-frequency radio telescope on continuous observation of 2-10GHz radio signals, can realize real-time monitoring of the frequency spectrum and partial flow of the 2-10GHz solar radio signals, has wide observation frequency band and good real-time performance, and has a calibration function. The time resolution can reach 2.4ms, the frequency resolution can reach 0.15MHz, and the acquisition and processing of the high-frequency and broadband signal data of astronomical radio signals are realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device comprises a receiving antenna, a noise source correction unit, an analog front-end system, a digital receiver and a display storage system;
the receiving antenna is used for receiving the solar radio signals and outputting the solar radio signals to the noise source correction unit;
the noise source correction unit is used for calibrating the solar radio signal according to the cold temperature data and the hot temperature data of the noise source and outputting a circularly polarized signal to the analog front-end system;
the analog front-end system is used for processing the circularly polarized signals and outputting two paths of channel signals;
the digital receiver is used for collecting the two paths of channel signals, carrying out frequency mixing processing on one path of channel signals, carrying out frequency conversion processing on the other path of channel signals, and then transmitting the signals to the display storage system;
the display storage system comprises an upper computer and a data storage system, wherein the data storage system is used for displaying and storing signals transmitted by the digital receiver, and the upper computer is used for controlling a receiving antenna, a noise source correction unit, an analog front-end system and the digital receiver.
Preferably, the noise source correction unit comprises a microwave switch, and the digital receiver is used for controlling the microwave switch to gate and alternately outputting the solar radio signal into left and right circularly polarized signals.
Preferably, the noise source correction unit further includes a noise source and a mechanical switch;
when the device is in a correction state, the upper computer controls the mechanical switch to be switched to a mode of outputting cold temperature data and hot temperature data by a noise source, and the mode is used for calibrating a solar radio signal;
when the device is in a working state, the upper computer controls the mechanical switch to be switched to a mode of outputting circularly polarized signals.
Preferably, the receiving antenna further comprises a turntable control system for controlling the rotation direction of the receiving antenna, and the turntable control system is connected with the upper computer.
Preferably, the analog front-end system is configured to amplify and filter the circularly polarized signal, and mix a signal in a specified frequency band.
Preferably, the specified frequency band signals include signals of 2-2.7GHz, 3.8-4GHz, 5.1-5.3GHz, 6.4-6.6GHz and 7.7-7.9 GHz.
Preferably, the two paths of channel signals comprise a first path of signal and a second path of signal;
the digital receiver adopts a plurality of filters to mix the first path of signals with the LO local oscillation signals of 9.3GHz, the mixed signals correspond to frequency bands of 6.6-7.3GHz, 5.3-5.5GHz, 4-4.2GHz, 2.7-2.9GHz and 1.4-1.6GHz,
the digital receiver adopts a band-pass filter to amplify and filter the second path of signals and performs down-conversion treatment on a frequency band of 9-10GHz, and the gating frequency band of the band-pass filter comprises 2.7-3.8GHZ, 4-5.1GHz, 5.3-6.4GHz, 6.6-7.7GHz, 7.9-9GHz and 9-10GHz frequency bands.
Preferably, the digital receiver outputs a TTL level to control channel switching of the analog front-end system, and when the digital receiver completes acquisition of one channel signal, the TTL control level is changed to enable the analog front-end system to output another channel signal.
Preferably, the digital receiver comprises a high-speed ADC and a high-performance FPGA, wherein the high-speed ADC is used for acquiring intermediate frequency signals and converting the intermediate frequency signals into digital signals, and then transmitting the digital signals to the high-performance FPGA;
the high-performance FPGA is used for carrying out digital processing on the digital signals, and the digital processing comprises data windowing, FFT operation and data accumulation processing.
Preferably, the scaling of the correlation signal is based on the following scaling formula:
；
wherein R is sun In order to observe the display value of the solar host computer,R sky the upper computer displays a value T when the sky is clear sun Is the brightness temperature value of the sun,T sky is the sky bright temperature value, and the sky bright temperature value,R n the upper computer displays the value when the noise source outputs the heat temperature,R l the display value T of the upper computer is the cold temperature output of the noise source n Is the thermal temperature value of a noise source, T l Is the cold temperature value of the noise source.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that:
compared with the prior art, the high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device provided by the invention meets the requirement of a high-frequency radio telescope on continuous observation of 2-10GHz radio signals, can realize real-time monitoring of the frequency spectrum and partial flow of the 2-10GHz solar radio signals, has wide observation frequency band and good instantaneity, and has a calibration function. The time resolution can reach 2.4ms, the frequency resolution can reach 0.15MHz, and the acquisition and processing of the high-frequency and broadband signal data of astronomical radio signals are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating signal channel division of an analog front-end system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an analog channel switching method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a software process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is provided in further detail, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, examples of the present application. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The terms first, second, and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments described herein may be implemented in other sequences than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements that are expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one relationship describing the association of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
Examples
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a receiving antenna, a noise source correction unit, an analog front-end system, a digital receiver, and a display storage system; the receiving antenna is used for receiving the solar radio signals and outputting the solar radio signals to the noise source correction unit; the noise source correction unit outputs cold temperature data and hot temperature data of a noise source for scaling a solar radio signal or outputs a circularly polarized signal to the analog front-end system; the analog front-end system is used for processing the circularly polarized signals and outputting two paths of channel signals; the digital receiver is used for collecting the two paths of channel signals, carrying out frequency mixing processing on one path of channel signals, carrying out frequency conversion processing on the other path of channel signals, and then transmitting the signals to the display storage system; the display storage system comprises an upper computer and a data storage system, wherein the data storage system is used for displaying and storing signals transmitted by the digital receiver, and the upper computer is used for controlling a receiving antenna, a noise source correction unit, an analog front-end system and the digital receiver. Preferably, the high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device comprises a parabolic receiving antenna with a caliber of five meters, a set of noise source correction units, an analog front-end system, a digital receiver and a display storage system. And a set of workstation and data processing software. The solar radio signal monitoring system can realize real-time monitoring of the frequency spectrum and partial flow of the solar radio signal in the frequency range of 2-10GHz, has wide observation frequency range and good real-time performance, and has a calibration function. The method has higher time resolution and frequency resolution, wherein the highest time resolution can reach 2.4ms, and the highest frequency resolution can reach 0.15MHz.
The receiving antenna is preferably a large-caliber five-meter parabolic antenna, and the antenna feed source outputs left and right circular polarization signals in a left and right circular polarization mode. And the five-meter antenna system is used for supporting radio observation of the sun and the moon. The solar track can be utilized to realize program tracking, and the solar track has the working modes of assignment, standby, manual operation, collection and the like. The antenna control computer can set tracking modes, namely program control or manual control, so that the pointing precision of the receiving antenna is ensured to be better than 1/10 wave beam width, and the follow-up tracking precision is ensured to be better than 1/10 wave beam width. Preferably, the program control unit specifically comprises a turntable control system for controlling the rotation direction of the receiving antenna, and the turntable control system is connected with the upper computer.
The servo control and antenna control computer has communication function with other computers, and has local control and remote control functions. The control software can display information such as time, antenna position, motion state, longitude and latitude, altitude and the like, and can also directly run on a workstation to realize remote control of the antenna and the servo system.
The noise source correction unit comprises a noise source, a microwave switch and a mechanical switch. And the microwave switch is controlled by the digital receiver to gate and is used for alternately outputting the solar radio signals into left and right circularly polarized signals. The device comprises a noise source and a mechanical switch, wherein when the device is in a correction state, the upper computer controls the mechanical switch to be switched to a mode that the noise source outputs cold temperature data and hot temperature data, and the noise source and the mechanical switch are used for calibrating a solar radio signal; when the device is in a working state, the upper computer controls the mechanical switch to be switched to a mode of outputting circularly polarized signals. Preferably, the input end of the microwave switch is connected with the receiving antenna, the output end of the microwave switch circularly and alternately outputs left and right circular polarization signals, the output ends of the microwave switch and the noise source are respectively connected with the input end of the mechanical switch, the mechanical switch is controlled by the upper computer, and the antenna signals or the noise source signals can be selectively output. When the noise source correction unit works, the mechanical switch is controlled by the upper computer, so that the system receives a cold temperature signal of the noise source and hot temperature data of the noise source, and the collected radio signal can be calibrated according to the following formula.
Scaling the radio-frequency signal is based on the following scaling formula:
；
wherein R is sun In order to observe the display value of the solar host computer,R sky the upper computer displays a value T when the sky is clear sun Is the brightness temperature value of the sun,T sky is the sky bright temperature value, and the sky bright temperature value,R n the upper computer displays the value when the noise source outputs the heat temperature,R l the display value T of the upper computer is the cold temperature output of the noise source n Is the thermal temperature value of a noise source, T l Is the cold temperature value of the noise source.
The analog front-end system adopts a mode of combining direct sampling and frequency conversion, can amplify and filter a frequency band of 2-10GHz, and can carry out mixing treatment on partial frequency bands. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of signal channel division of an analog front-end system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the signal channel division scheme includes: after the first path of signals are mixed with the LO local oscillation signals of 9.3GHz, the signals are integrally moved, the original signals of 2-2.7GHz, 3.8-4GHz, 5.1-5.3GHz, 6.4-6.6GHz and 7.7-7.9GHz are moved to new frequency bands, the corresponding frequency bands of 6.6-7.3GHz, 5.3-5.5GHz, 4-4.2GHz, 2.7-2.9GHz and 1.4-1.6GHz are respectively moved, and the signals are filtered by adopting a plurality of filters with the working frequency bands of 6.6-7.3GHz, 5.3-5.5GHz, 4-4.2GHz, 2.7-2.9GHz and 1.4-1.6GHz, preferably, the rejection capacity of the filter at the side band of 1GHz of the side band reaches more than 70dB, and the requirements of 70dB of the out-of-band rejection of an analog front end system can be realized.
The second path of signals is amplified and filtered by a gating band-pass filter, and one path of signals is subjected to down-conversion treatment in a frequency band of 9-10GHz. The working frequency bands of the filter adopted when the second signal is subjected to the channelized treatment are 2.7-3.8GHZ, 4-5.1GHz, 5.3-6.4GHz, 6.6-7.7GHz, 7.9-9GHz and 9-10GHz. Preferably, the rejection capability of the filter at 1GHz outside the sideband band reaches more than 70 dB.
The digital receiver adopts a two-channel 2.6Gsps acquisition board card to acquire two paths of signals. The collected and processed signals are transmitted to a display and storage system for display and storage through an optical fiber. The digital receiver mainly comprises a high-speed ADC and a high-performance FPGA. When the digital receiver works, the high-speed ADC collects intermediate frequency signals processed by the analog front end unit, the analog signals are converted into digital signals to become digital quantity, then the digital quantity is transmitted to the FPGA through the JESD204B high-speed interface to be digitized, the processing content comprises data windowing, FFT operation, data accumulation processing and the like, and the processed data can be transmitted to the upper computer through the optical fiber or PCIe interface to execute the display and storage functions.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an analog channel switching manner provided in an embodiment of the present invention, where channel switching of an analog front-end system is controlled by a TTL level output by a digital receiver, and when the digital receiver completes analog signal acquisition of one of the channels, the digital receiver changes the TTL control level, so that the analog front-end system outputs an analog signal of the next channel, and in this manner, the operation of channel signal acquisition used is completed and is continuously circulated.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a software processing flow provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including three parts including continuous data collection, real-time image display and continuous file storage: the main program is used for completing software initialization, parameter configuration, image display and relevant content responding to user input instructions; a data acquisition thread for completing the work of data acquisition, caching and transferring; and the data storage thread completes the data storage work.
The main functions of the system comprise continuous data acquisition, real-time image display and continuous file storage, so that the design of the interface display software is shown in fig. 4 and mainly comprises three parts:
(1) The main program is used for completing software initialization, parameter configuration, image display and relevant content responding to user input instructions;
(2) A data acquisition thread for completing the work of data acquisition, caching and transferring;
(3) And the data storage thread completes the data storage work.
When the upper computer runs, the data acquisition function of the system is started first, and then the digital receiver outputs original data to the upper computer. And after the upper computer acquires the data, starting a storage function, starting to store the data, drawing and displaying according to the data acquired in real time, and respectively drawing a full-band spectrum curve and displaying a spectrum image. Meanwhile, the upper computer is provided with a corresponding frequency point power display function, and drawing display is carried out on a certain frequency point independently. After the above functions are completed, the user can decide at his own time when to stop the collection and storage.
In summary, the invention provides a high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device, which meets the requirement of a high-frequency radio telescope on continuous observation of 2-10GHz radio signals, can realize real-time monitoring of the frequency spectrum and partial flow of the 2-10GHz solar radio signals, has wide observation frequency band and good real-time performance, and has a calibration function. The time resolution can reach 2.4ms, the frequency resolution can reach 0.15MHz, and the acquisition and processing of the high-frequency and broadband signal data of astronomical radio signals are realized. The high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device can solve the problems existing in the prior art in a targeted manner, adopts the radio frequency directly, avoids frequency mixing, simplifies the system structure, has large bandwidth, high acquisition precision and flexible use, and can acquire more abundant astronomical radio data. The acquisition frequency band is wide, and the time resolution and the frequency resolution are higher.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device is characterized by comprising a receiving antenna, a noise source correction unit, an analog front-end system, a digital receiver and a display storage system;
the receiving antenna is used for receiving the solar radio signals and outputting the solar radio signals to the noise source correction unit;
the noise source correction unit is used for calibrating the solar radio signal according to the cold temperature data and the hot temperature data of the noise source and outputting a circularly polarized signal to the analog front-end system;
the analog front-end system is used for processing the circularly polarized signals and outputting two paths of channel signals;
the digital receiver is used for collecting the two paths of channel signals, carrying out frequency mixing processing on one path of channel signals, carrying out frequency conversion processing on the other path of channel signals, and then transmitting the signals to the display storage system;
the display storage system comprises an upper computer and a data storage system, wherein the data storage system is used for displaying and storing signals transmitted by the digital receiver, and the upper computer is used for controlling a receiving antenna, a noise source correction unit, an analog front-end system and the digital receiver;
the noise source correction unit comprises a microwave switch, the digital receiver is used for controlling the microwave switch to gate, and the noise source correction unit is used for alternately outputting solar radio signals into left and right circularly polarized signals;
the noise source correction unit further comprises a noise source and a mechanical switch;
when the device is in a correction state, the upper computer controls the mechanical switch to be switched to a mode of outputting cold temperature data and hot temperature data by a noise source, and the mode is used for calibrating a solar radio signal;
when the device is in a working state, the upper computer controls the mechanical switch to be switched to a mode of outputting circularly polarized signals.
2. The high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device according to claim 1, wherein the receiving antenna further comprises a turntable control system for controlling the rotation direction of the receiving antenna, and the turntable control system is connected with the upper computer.
3. The high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device according to claim 1, wherein the analog front-end system is configured to amplify and filter the circularly polarized signal and mix a signal in a specified frequency band.
4. The high frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device according to claim 3, wherein the specified frequency band signals comprise signals of 2-2.7GHz, 3.8-4GHz, 5.1-5.3GHz, 6.4-6.6GHz, and 7.7-7.9 GHz.
5. The high frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device according to claim 1, wherein the two channel signals comprise a first channel signal and a second channel signal;
the digital receiver adopts a plurality of filters to mix the first path of signals with the LO local oscillation signals of 9.3GHz, the mixed signals correspond to frequency bands of 6.6-7.3GHz, 5.3-5.5GHz, 4-4.2GHz, 2.7-2.9GHz and 1.4-1.6GHz,
the digital receiver adopts a band-pass filter to amplify and filter the second path of signals and performs down-conversion treatment on a frequency band of 9-10GHz, and the gating frequency band of the band-pass filter comprises 2.7-3.8GHZ, 4-5.1GHz, 5.3-6.4GHz, 6.6-7.7GHz, 7.9-9GHz and 9-10GHz frequency bands.
6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the digital receiver outputs a TTL level to control channel switching of the analog front-end system, and when the digital receiver completes acquisition of one channel signal, the TTL level is changed to enable the analog front-end system to output another channel signal.
7. The high-frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device according to claim 1, wherein the digital receiver comprises a high-speed ADC and a high-performance FPGA, wherein the high-speed ADC is configured to collect an intermediate frequency signal and convert the intermediate frequency signal into a digital signal, and then transmit the digital signal to the high-performance FPGA;
the high-performance FPGA is used for carrying out digital processing on the digital signals, and the digital processing comprises data windowing, FFT operation and data accumulation processing.
8. The high frequency broadband solar radio signal observation device according to claim 1, wherein the scaling of the solar radio signal is based on the following scaling formula:
(R sun -R sky )/(T sun -T sky )＝(R n -R l )/(T n -T l )；
wherein R is sun R is used for observing the display value of the solar upper computer sky The upper computer displays a value T when the sky is clear sun Is the bright temperature value of the sun, T sky Is sky bright temperature value, R n The upper computer displays the value R when the noise source outputs the heat temperature l The display value T of the upper computer is the cold temperature output of the noise source n Is the thermal temperature value of a noise source, T l Is the cold temperature value of the noise source.
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