CN117000807A - Processing method of 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight - Google Patents
Processing method of 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight Download PDFInfo
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- CN117000807A CN117000807A CN202310706952.4A CN202310706952A CN117000807A CN 117000807 A CN117000807 A CN 117000807A CN 202310706952 A CN202310706952 A CN 202310706952A CN 117000807 A CN117000807 A CN 117000807A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002760 rocket fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037314 wound repair Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-precision aluminum alloy pipe processing, and particularly relates to a processing method of a 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight. The method comprises the following steps: preparing an ingot; the ingot is extruded once, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is defined as 410-430 ℃, the heating temperature of the die in the trolley furnace is 430-450 ℃, the heating temperature of the billet is 410-430 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.45-0.75mm/s, so as to prepare a first extrusion tube blank; performing complete annealing and turning and boring an inner hole on the annealed first extruded tube blank to obtain a secondary extruded billet, wherein the annealing temperature is 390-410 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-3h; performing secondary hot extrusion on the secondary extrusion billet, wherein the secondary hot extrusion comprises the following steps of: secondarily extruding the billet with the extrusion speed of 0.25-0.75mm/s to prepare a secondarily extruded tube blank; carrying out acid washing and flaw repairing treatment on the secondary extruded tube blank to obtain a cold drawn tube blank; carrying out multi-pass cold drawing deformation circulation on the cold drawn tube blank to obtain a tube; and carrying out solid solution and finishing on the pipe to obtain a finished pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-precision aluminum alloy pipe processing, and particularly relates to a processing method of a 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight.
Background
Aluminum alloy is the first choice material for aircraft and spacecraft to be light, and has very wide application in aviation and aerospace industry. The aluminum alloy pipe for aerospace has the main characteristics that the surface quality requirement is higher, the dimensional accuracy requirement is stricter, and the organization and mechanical properties are strictly ensured.
The 2A14 aluminum alloy is a heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloy with Cu and Mg as main alloy elements. The method is widely used for key components such as rocket fuel pipes in the aerospace industry. The large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe processed by a plurality of aluminum alloy processing factories at present has low yield and poor surface quality, and is difficult to meet the national military standard requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the processing method of the large-diameter thin-wall high-precision aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight is provided, so that the yield of the large-diameter thin-wall 2A14 aluminum alloy pipe and the quality of the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe are improved.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a processing method of a 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight comprises the following steps:
preparing an ingot;
the ingot is extruded once, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is defined as 410-430 ℃, the heating temperature of the die in the trolley furnace is 430-450 ℃, the heating temperature of the billet is 410-430 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.45-0.75mm/s, so as to prepare a first extrusion tube blank;
performing complete annealing and turning and boring an inner hole on the annealed first extruded tube blank to obtain a secondary extruded billet, wherein the annealing temperature is 390-410 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-3h;
performing secondary hot extrusion on the secondary extrusion billet, wherein the secondary hot extrusion comprises the following steps of: secondarily extruding the billet with the extrusion speed of 0.25-0.75mm/s to prepare a secondarily extruded tube blank;
carrying out acid washing and flaw repairing treatment on the secondary extruded tube blank to obtain a cold drawn tube blank;
carrying out multi-pass cold drawing deformation circulation on the cold drawn tube blank to obtain a tube;
and carrying out solid solution and finishing on the pipe to obtain a finished pipe.
Further, the cold drawn tube blank is subjected to multiple cold drawing deformation cycles to obtain a tube, which specifically comprises the following steps:
installing a drawing external die on cold drawing equipment and installing a drawing core head on a core rod; operating the chuck to advance, starting cold drawing, wherein the cold drawing adopts a fixed short core head drawing mode, and the cold drawing deformation of each pass is controlled to be 10% -20%;
cleaning lubricating oil on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe by using a hydrocarbon solution after cold drawing;
carrying out roller straightening after degreasing and cleaning;
carrying out annealing treatment after roll straightening, and carrying out intermediate annealing at the temperature: 340-395 ℃ and heat preservation time: 40-130min, cooling mode: air cooling;
and after the annealing is finished, pickling or sand paper grinding the surface of the pipe, and removing oxide scales generated by annealing on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe.
Further, the roll straightening is carried out after the degreasing and cleaning, and the roll straightening specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) using a 10-roller hyperbolic roller type straightener, wherein the straightness of the straightened pipe reaches 2mm/m.
Further, the solution treatment is carried out on the pipe, specifically comprising: and (3) hoisting the pipe on a heat treatment material rack, heating to 480-490 ℃, preserving heat for 30-70 min, and rapidly entering a water tank, wherein the quenching transfer time is required to be less than or equal to 10s.
Further, finishing the pipe, specifically including: blank, tension straightening, straightness measurement, bending straightening, rounding and repairing, wherein the blank does not need to draw a core head.
Further, preparing a billet, specifically comprising:
the hot top casting method is adopted: using aluminum and 2A14 primary waste, adding Mn and Ti in a form of intermediate alloy, and adding Ti element after a furnace by using Al-Ti-B wires; refining for 10-15min by using a smelting furnace and a standing furnace respectively by using nitrogen and chlorine mixed gas, wherein the refining process is stable without dead angles, and finally casting into cast ingots;
homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot after casting is finished;
after the homogenization annealing is finished, peeling and drilling the ingot, controlling the single-side frame beam to be 2-5mm by adding the outer skin of the ingot machine, enabling the flaw detection level to reach the A level, and finally manufacturing the extruded billet.
Further, after casting, carrying out homogenizing annealing on the cast ingot, and specifically comprising the following steps: adopts secondary heat preservation: the primary temperature is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 4 to 7 hours; the secondary temperature is 480-500 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 27-35 h.
Further, after homogenizing annealing the ingot, the method further comprises: the cast ingot is subjected to 100% grade A flaw detection.
The beneficial effects are that:
the processing method of the 2A14-T4 high-precision aluminum alloy pipe for aerospace uses the precise control of alloy components; determining the specification of an extrusion billet; controlling deformation of each pass; surface treatment process and pipe finishing treatment; the microstructure is regulated and controlled by the heat treatment process. The prepared pipe has the advantages of accuracy reaching +/-10 percent tmm, good comprehensive performance, excellent surface quality and the like.
The casting composition of the billet is proportioned, the billet is extruded for 2 times, and cold drawing is performed for multiple times. The prepared 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight has the advantages of high dimensional accuracy, good surface quality, and good matching of technological properties and mechanical properties. Can be stably produced in batches, and can meet the requirement that the yield of the subsequent pipe preparation reaches more than 92 percent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an extrusion and cold drawing processing method of an aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight. The large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe processed by a plurality of aluminum alloy processing factories at present has low yield and poor surface quality.
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a 2A14 cold drawn pipe for spaceflight, which aims to solve the problems of poor surface quality, low dimensional accuracy, poor mechanical property, easiness in occurrence of cracks in the cold drawing process, low yield and the like of most 2A14 aluminum alloy pipes.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: the processing method of the 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight comprises the following steps:
(1) Ingot production
(2) Adding and flaw detecting for ingot casting machine
(3) One-time extrusion cogging
(4) Machine tool for extruding tube blank once
(5) Secondary extrusion
(6) Heat treatment, wound repair and straightening of extruded tube blanks
(7) Cold drawing deformation cycle
(8) Solid solution of finished product
(9) Finishing of finished products
(10) Checking the quality of the finished pipe
The components of the cast ingot in the preparation of the cast ingot are as follows:
(1) When in casting, a hot top casting method is adopted, pure Al and 2A14 first-grade waste materials can be used, compound materials can not be used, mn and Ti are added in a mode of intermediate alloy, and Ti element after a furnace is added by using Al-Ti-B wires. The smelting furnace and the standing furnace are used for refining for 10-15min by using mixed gas of nitrogen and chlorine, and the refining process is stable and dead angle-free. Finally cast intoAnd (3) casting ingots.
(2) And (3) carrying out homogenizing annealing on the cast ingot after casting, and adopting secondary heat preservation. The primary temperature is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 4 to 7 hours; the secondary temperature is 480-500 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 27-35 h. The cast ingot is subjected to 100% grade A flaw detection.
After the homogenizing annealing is finished, turning the ingot, boring the ingot, controlling the single-side frame beam to be 2-5mm by the turning machine, and ensuring that the flaw detection level reaches the level A and the organization is uniform. And finally, an extruded billet is produced.
(3) The ingot is extruded once by using a 3600T horizontal type reverse double-action heat extruder, the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is set to be 410-430 ℃, the heating temperature of a die in a trolley furnace is set to be 430-450 ℃, and the heating temperature of a billet is set to be 410-430 ℃. The extrusion speed is 0.45-0.75mm/s, and the product is madeThick-walled tube blanks of larger gauge.
When the aluminum alloy pipe is hot extruded, the blank preheating temperature is generally selected according to the following criteria: (1) the blank preheating temperature range should be selected so that the deformation resistance of the metal is small; (2) metal oxidation is not very severe in this temperature range; (3) ensures that the plasticity of metal is better in the selected blank preheating temperature range, and ensures that the organization of the extruded thin-wall pipe is more uniform and the performance is good.
The extrusion speed also has obvious influence on the deformation uniformity, the thermal effect and the structure, the mechanical property and the surface roughness of the extruded thin-wall pipe material when the blank is hot extruded. In actual production, the higher extrusion speed can effectively reduce the heat transfer between the blank and the die, the perforating needle and the extrusion cylinder in the hot extrusion process, so that the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the blank can be improved, and on the other hand, the friction coefficient can be reduced, the deformation resistance of the blank is reduced, and the hot extrusion is facilitated. However, the extrusion speed is too high, so that the blank deformation speed is too high, the temperature of the surface of the die is increased too fast due to the action of deformation heat, the service life of the die is reduced due to the weakening of strength and fatigue resistance, and the extruded thin-wall pipe is likely to generate phenomena such as cracks, orange peel and the like. The principle of determining the extrusion speed is to increase the extrusion speed as much as possible and improve the production efficiency on the premise of ensuring the product quality and the equipment capacity (tonnage and speed) and allowing the extrusion speed to be too high, but cracks are easy to generate.
(4) And then carrying out complete annealing at 390-410 ℃ for 1-3h.
Turning the outer skin of the primary extruded tube blank again, boring an inner hole, and removing the defects of the inner surface and the outer surface.
(5) And then using a 2000T vertical forward double-action heat extruder to extrude the primary extruded tube blank for the second time. The temperature of the extrusion cylinder is set to be 410-430 ℃, the heating temperature of the die in the trolley furnace is 430-450 ℃, the heating temperature of the billet is 410-430 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.25-0.75mm/s. Is made intoIs used for extruding the tube blank.
(6) Before cold drawing, the extrusion defect on the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe needs to be removed, otherwise, during the cold drawing, cold drawing damage with the whole length can be generated along the axis of the pipe from the defect. The repairing method comprises the steps of pickling the extruded tube blank, repairing the wound by an angle grinder and the like. After the defects such as the extrusion injury on the inner surface and the outer surface of the extrusion tube blank are removed, necking or twisting is carried out on the extrusion tube blank.
(7) And carrying out cold drawing deformation circulation for a plurality of times, wherein the single circulation process is as follows:
lubricating the inner surface of the pipe by adopting 38# wear-resistant hydraulic oil before cold drawing, firstly, installing a drawing outer die on equipment and installing a drawing core head on a core rod; and (3) clamping the pipe necking or twisting head section by the equipment clamp, operating the chuck to advance, and starting cold drawing, wherein the cold drawing adopts a fixed short core head drawing mode.
The pipe blank is reduced in diameter and wall through the gap between the die hole and the core head. The cold drawing deformation of each pass is controlled to be 10% -20%. If the deformation is too large (more than 20%), the friction between the pipe and the mould is very severe, the defects such as fold skin and crack are easy to generate, and even the pipe breaks. If the deformation is too small (less than 10%), the reduction and wall reduction of each pass of cold drawing processing is too small, and the production efficiency is affected.
And cleaning lubricating oil on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe by using a hydrocarbon solution after cold drawing.
In order to avoid the strength reduction of the pipe after heat treatment, straightening marks appear during straightening. And (3) selecting to carry out roller straightening after degreasing and cleaning, and using a 10-roller hyperbolic roller straightener. The straightness of the straightened pipe can reach 2mm/m.
Roller straightening is followed by intermediate annealing treatment, and the intermediate annealing temperature is as follows: 340-395 ℃ and heat preservation time: 40-130min, cooling mode: and (5) air cooling.
After annealing, pickling or sand paper grinding the surface of the pipe is carried out on the pipe, oxide skin generated by annealing on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe is removed, meanwhile, defects generated in the last cold drawing are removed, and cold drawing damage generated by lubrication at the contact part of the pipe and a die due to the surface defects in the next cold drawing is avoided.
And (5) repeating the small cycles of cold drawing, degreasing and cleaning, roll straightening, annealing and surface treatment processing. Gradually reducing the wall and the diameter of the pipe until the final size before finishing is reached.
(8) And after the last drawing, carrying out solid solution treatment. Hoisting the pipe on a heat treatment material frame, and carrying out solid solution temperature on a finished product: 490-510 ℃ and the heat preservation time is as follows: 45-60min, and quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 10s.
(9) And carrying out blank drawing processing after solid solution, wherein the processing method is consistent with cold drawing, but the drawing core head is not required to be installed. The process is to further reduce the outer diameter of the pipe, increase the internal stress of the uniform pipe and improve the mechanical property of the finished pipe.
Cutting off the shrinkage or twisting head section after the blank is finished, and stretching and straightening to release the internal stress of the pipe, improve the straightness of the pipe and improve the mechanical property of the pipe.
And (3) measuring the straightness of the pipe, bending and straightening the pipe according to the measured data, and adopting a three-point bending method to ensure that the straightness of the finished pipe is less than or equal to 0.6mm/m.
And measuring the outer diameter of the pipe by using an outer micrometer, and making a circle correction plan according to the outer diameter value distribution and the required outer diameter tolerance range of the finished pipe. And clamping the outer diameter super-difference point by using a bench vice to generate plastic deformation so as to ensure that the outer diameter of the finished pipe meets the tolerance regulation.
And visually checking whether the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe have defects which do not meet the standard, and repairing by using an angle grinder on the premise of ensuring the minimum tolerance of the wall thickness. And (5) after the polishing is finished by using an angle grinder, polishing is continued by using polishing cotton until the surface roughness of the finishing position reaches the standard.
The dimensional accuracy, performance detection and surface quality required by the quality of the finished pipe are respectively as follows:
dimensional accuracy: the tolerance of the outer diameter reaches D+/-0.41 mm, and the tolerance of the wall thickness reaches +/-10 percent tmm (D is the outer diameter and t is the wall thickness)
Room temperature mechanical properties: in the state of T4, the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 370MPa; the non-proportional tensile strength Rp0.2 is specified to be more than or equal to 205MPa; the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 10 percent.
Surface quality: the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe should be smooth and clean, and cracks, bubbles, peeling, foreign impurities, corrosion spots, layering and folding are not allowed; the surface is allowed to have individual small defects such as blemishes, craters, scratches, and graphite marks, the depth of which must not exceed the negative deviation of the wall thickness and ensure a minimum thickness, but the dent must not exceed the negative deviation of the diameter. The allowable surface defect area of the pipe is not more than 3% of the surface area; the allowable longitudinal and transverse scratch depth of the surface of the pipe is not more than 0.05mm; the surface is allowed to have oxidation color, black and white spots without roughness and straightening loop lines and spiral lines without influencing the wall thickness of the pipe; the inner surface of the tubing is allowed to have slight longitudinal wrinkles.
Implementation example 1:cold drawing process for pipe
Solid solution of intermediate product and finished product: intermediate annealing temperature: 340-395 ℃ and heat preservation time: 40-130min, cooling mode: air cooling; solid solution temperature of finished product: 490-510 ℃ and the heat preservation time is as follows: 45-60min, and quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 10s.
Mechanical properties of the finished product: tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 370MPa; the non-proportional tensile strength Rp0.2 is specified to be more than or equal to 205MPa; the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 10 percent.
Surface treatment:extruding the tube blank to carry out external turning and internal boring. The quantity of the unilateral wagon is 5mm, and the boring quantity is 3mm.
The yield of the subsequent preparation of the pipe reaches more than 90 percent.
Example 2:cold drawing process for aluminum alloy pipe
Solid solution of intermediate product and finished product: intermediate annealing temperature: 340-395 ℃ and heat preservation time: 45-60min, cooling mode: air cooling; solid solution temperature of finished product: 495 ℃ and heat preservation time: 45-60min, and quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 10s.
Mechanical properties of the finished product: tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 370MPa; the non-proportional tensile strength Rp0.2 is specified to be more than or equal to 205MPa; the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 10 percent.
Surface treatment:extruding the tube blank to carry out external turning and internal boring. The quantity of the unilateral wagon is 5mm, and the boring quantity is 3mm.
The yield of the subsequent preparation of the pipe reaches more than 90 percent.
Standard parts used in the invention can be purchased from market, special-shaped parts can be customized according to description of specifications, specific connection modes of the parts adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets and welding in the prior art, machines, parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and circuit connection adopts conventional connection modes in the prior art, so that details are not described in detail in the specification, and the details of the description are known in the prior art by those skilled in the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The processing method of the 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preparing an ingot;
the ingot is extruded once, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is defined as 410-430 ℃, the heating temperature of the die in the trolley furnace is 430-450 ℃, the heating temperature of the billet is 410-430 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.45-0.75mm/s, so as to prepare a first extrusion tube blank;
performing complete annealing and turning and boring an inner hole on the annealed first extruded tube blank to obtain a secondary extruded billet, wherein the annealing temperature is 390-410 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-3h;
performing secondary hot extrusion on the secondary extrusion billet, wherein the secondary hot extrusion comprises the following steps of: secondarily extruding the billet with the extrusion speed of 0.25-0.75mm/s to prepare a secondarily extruded tube blank;
carrying out acid washing and flaw repairing treatment on the secondary extruded tube blank to obtain a cold drawn tube blank;
carrying out multi-pass cold drawing deformation circulation on the cold drawn tube blank to obtain a tube;
and carrying out solid solution and finishing on the pipe to obtain a finished pipe.
2. The processing method of the aerospace 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe according to claim 1, wherein the pipe is obtained by performing cold drawing deformation cycles on a cold drawn pipe blank for a plurality of times, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
installing a drawing external die on cold drawing equipment and installing a drawing core head on a core rod; operating the chuck to advance, starting cold drawing, wherein the cold drawing adopts a fixed short core head drawing mode, and the cold drawing deformation of each pass is controlled to be 10% -20%;
cleaning lubricating oil on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe by using a hydrocarbon solution after cold drawing;
carrying out roller straightening after degreasing and cleaning;
carrying out annealing treatment after roll straightening, and carrying out intermediate annealing at the temperature: 340-395 ℃ and heat preservation time: 40-130min, cooling mode: air cooling;
and after the annealing is finished, pickling or sand paper grinding the surface of the pipe, and removing oxide scales generated by annealing on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe.
3. The method for processing the 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (3) using a 10-roller hyperbolic roller type straightener, wherein the straightness of the straightened pipe reaches 2mm/m.
4. The processing method of the 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (3) hoisting the pipe on a heat treatment material rack, heating to 480-490 ℃, preserving heat for 30-70 min, and rapidly entering a water tank, wherein the quenching transfer time is required to be less than or equal to 10s.
5. The method for processing the 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight of claim 1, which is characterized by finishing the pipe and specifically comprises the following steps: blank, tension straightening, straightness measurement, bending straightening, rounding and repairing, wherein the blank does not need to draw a core head.
6. The method for processing the 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the hot top casting method is adopted: using aluminum and 2A14 primary waste, adding Mn and Ti in a form of intermediate alloy, and adding Ti element after a furnace by using Al-Ti-B wires; refining for 10-15min by using a smelting furnace and a standing furnace respectively by using nitrogen and chlorine mixed gas, wherein the refining process is stable without dead angles, and finally casting into cast ingots;
homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot after casting is finished;
after the homogenization annealing is finished, peeling and drilling the ingot, controlling the single-side frame beam to be 2-5mm by adding the outer skin of the ingot machine, enabling the flaw detection level to reach the A level, and finally manufacturing the extruded billet.
7. The method for processing the 2A14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for spaceflight of claim 1, which is characterized in that the cast ingot is subjected to homogenizing annealing after casting is finished, and specifically comprises the following steps: adopts secondary heat preservation: the primary temperature is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 4 to 7 hours; the secondary temperature is 480-500 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 27-35 h.
8. The method for processing a 2a14-T4 large-diameter thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe for aerospace according to claim 1, further comprising, after subjecting the ingot to homogenizing annealing: the cast ingot is subjected to 100% grade A flaw detection.
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