CN116993917A - Fire simulation evacuation drilling method based on three-dimensional model - Google Patents
Fire simulation evacuation drilling method based on three-dimensional model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a fire simulation evacuation drilling method based on a three-dimensional model, which comprises the steps of obtaining scanning data of a building and determining escape paths and fire-fighting facilities in the building; according to escape paths, setting escape nodes of different floors in a building, and constructing a first network topology structure diagram; according to the fire-fighting facilities, fire-fighting nodes of different floors in the building are arranged, and a second network topology structure diagram is constructed; fusing the first network topology structure diagram and the second network topology structure diagram to generate a three-dimensional model of the building; setting fire parameters and personnel parameters of fire simulation according to the three-dimensional model, and triggering fire evaluation mechanisms of different floors; acquiring evacuation channels and fire extinguishing probabilities of different floors through a fire evaluation mechanism; according to the evacuation channel, generating an escape path for fire exercise, and dynamically adjusting the escape path through the fire extinguishing probability.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fire-fighting exercises, in particular to a fire simulation evacuation exercise method based on a three-dimensional model.
Background
At present, with urban construction and economic and social development, the building structure and layout of a large-scale comprehensive market are diversified, large-scale, three-dimensional and complicated, and new problems derived from new buildings, new materials, new energy sources, new technologies, new projects, population aging, building aging, traffic aging and the like are also provided, so that higher requirements are put forward on fire rescue treatment capacity, treatment efficiency and treatment methods.
Because the research on emergency management theory and technology in China starts later, the foundation of the emergency management application system is weak. Although the construction of an emergency platform is listed in national science and technology development planning in China, the construction is still greatly promoted at present, and a perfect emergency service management system is not established from the country to the place, from the industry management department to all levels of production enterprises. Under the situation, due to the lack of various related resource data supports required by the construction of the digital plan, the digital plan system to be constructed needs to be matched with software and hardware systems with business functions such as risk management, accident simulation, predictive early warning, decision support, material management and the like, so that the additional cost of the construction of the digital plan system is greatly increased, and the popularization and application of the digital plan technology in China are slow at present.
For a digital fire simulation exercise method, the method in the prior art can only carry out early warning through broadcasting or simulate counting through a simulation space, but the existing simulation method can only simulate how people escape, can not simulate how escape paths are planned, calculates crowded conditions of the escape paths, can not carry out dynamic planning of the escape paths according to the change condition of fire, and therefore broadcasts the escape paths, can not judge whether different fire places can extinguish fire or not, can only carry out evacuation based on the fixed escape paths, and can extinguish fire and open a new escape path in real fire.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a fire simulation evacuation exercise method based on a three-dimensional model, which is used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the method can only be used for broadcasting early warning or simulating and counting through a simulation space, but the existing simulation method can only be used for simulating how people escape, how escape paths are planned cannot be simulated, congestion conditions of the escape paths are calculated, dynamic planning of the escape paths cannot be carried out according to the change condition of fire conditions, so that the escape paths are broadcasted, whether different fire places can extinguish fire cannot be judged, and therefore the situation of extinguishing fire and evacuation in a rapid fire extinguishing area cannot be realized.
The application provides a fire simulation evacuation drilling method based on a three-dimensional model, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring scanning data of a building, and determining escape paths and fire-fighting facilities in the building;
according to escape paths, setting escape nodes of different floors in a building, and constructing a first network topology structure diagram;
according to the fire-fighting facilities, fire-fighting nodes of different floors in the building are arranged, and a second network topology structure diagram is constructed;
fusing the first network topology structure diagram and the second network topology structure diagram to generate a three-dimensional model of the building;
setting fire parameters and personnel parameters of fire simulation according to the three-dimensional model, and triggering fire evaluation mechanisms of different floors;
acquiring evacuation channels and fire extinguishing probabilities of different floors through a fire evaluation mechanism;
according to the evacuation channel, generating an escape path for fire exercise, and dynamically adjusting the escape path through the fire extinguishing probability.
Preferably, the scan data includes: indoor structure scan data, fire protection facility scan data, security device scan data, public facility scan data, and public area scene data.
Preferably, the escape route includes the following identification steps:
according to the scanning data, determining escape channels of different floors in the building, and determining standard escape channel data;
according to the standard escape channel data and in combination with the floor plan map, determining an escape bayonet distribution map;
generating a standard path set conforming to a fire escape route according to the escape bayonet distribution diagram and the connecting channels of adjacent floors;
according to the standard path set, carrying out traffic numerical value reversing arrangement to obtain escape priorities of different bayonets;
and grading according to the escape priority and combining a k-means clustering algorithm to obtain a plurality of escape paths.
Preferably, the fire-fighting facilities include fire-fighting lighting facilities, fire-fighting sensing facilities and fire-fighting extinguishing facilities; wherein,,
the fire-fighting lighting facility comprises an emergency lighting lamp and a public area lighting system;
the fire control sensing facility comprises a public area camera device and a public area sensing device;
the fire-fighting equipment comprises various fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, automatic alarms, manual alarms, an indoor fire-fighting water supply system, a fire-fighting broadcasting system, an emergency evacuation system and an independent fire-fighting sensor alarm system.
Preferably, the three-dimensional model includes the following construction steps:
generating two-dimensional model data of a building according to the first network topology structure diagram and the second network topology structure diagram, and adopting three-dimensional modeling software according to the two-dimensional model data to obtain original three-dimensional model data;
analyzing the original three-dimensional model data by a three-dimensional engine, and storing the analyzed three-dimensional model data into a model database;
when a loading instruction input by a user terminal is received, preloading three-dimensional model data corresponding to the loading instruction in a model database into a memory;
and constructing three-dimensional scene image data in the memory according to the preloaded three-dimensional model data, and generating a visualized three-dimensional model.
Preferably, the setting fire parameters and personnel parameters of the fire simulation includes:
acquiring fire simulation parameters input by a user, and analyzing fire conditions and personnel distribution; wherein,,
the fire analysis is used for determining the fire position, the fire size and the fire distribution trend of fire simulation;
the personnel distribution analysis is used for determining personnel floor distribution and personnel distribution quantity of the fire simulation;
determining scene distribution parameters of fire simulation based on fire analysis and personnel distribution analysis;
based on the scene distribution parameters, setting fire parameters and personnel parameters in the three-dimensional model.
Preferably, the setting the fire parameter and the personnel parameter in the three-dimensional model includes:
creating a simple model based on fire simulation based on the three-dimensional model;
determining a calculation model of fire simulation based on the simple model; wherein,,
the calculation model is used for simulating a fire scene by fire parameters and personnel parameters and determining fire factors;
based on the calculation model, generating a plurality of fire factors, and loading a fire simulation process and a personnel distribution position process;
and configuring a fire simulation behavior tree for a plurality of fire factor loading processes and personnel distribution position loading processes, and performing three-dimensional simulation of a fire scene.
Preferably, the fire evaluation mechanism comprises an evacuation evaluation mechanism and a fire extinguishing evaluation mechanism; wherein,,
the evacuation evaluation mechanism is used for constructing an evacuation evaluation model according to a preset evacuation evaluation system and outputting a grading result of current fire evacuation;
the fire extinguishing evaluation mechanism is used for constructing a fire extinguishing evaluation model according to a preset fire extinguishing evaluation system and outputting scoring results of fire extinguishing easiness of the fire at different positions at present.
Preferably, the evacuation evaluation mechanism includes the following evacuation evaluation steps:
selecting a target floor, collecting channel information of the target floor, dividing different channel openings, and calculating evacuation congestion states of the different channel openings;
constructing an evacuation congestion rate model of the target floor based on the number information of people on the target floor;
calculating the congestion rates of different passage openings of the target floor, and judging the evacuation numbers of different passage openings of the target floor based on the congestion state;
and (5) integrating the evacuation people on different floors to generate an escape path for fire exercise.
Preferably, the fire extinguishing evaluation mechanism comprises the following fire extinguishing evaluation steps:
acquiring fire data of different fire points and fire extinguishing equipment data; wherein,,
according to the fire data and the fire extinguishing equipment data, constructing a fire extinguishing action model based on different fire points;
respectively carrying out iterative optimization on the fire extinguishing action model based on the maximum likelihood estimation and the expectation maximization algorithm until convergence;
in the iteration process, substituting fire data and fire extinguishing equipment data into a fire extinguishing action model respectively to determine probability entropy of fire extinguishment;
and generating fire extinguishing evaluation probabilities for determining different fire points according to the probability entropy.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
the application can dynamically simulate the fire conditions in the building in the drilling process, calculate the evacuation capacity of different escape paths and the fire extinguishing probability in different escape paths, and further realize the dynamic adjustment of the evacuation capacity of different escape paths.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application. The objectives and other advantages of the application may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
The technical scheme of the application is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the application and together with the embodiments of the application, serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for realizing a fire simulated evacuation exercise method based on a three-dimensional model in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the identification of a conventional escape route according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the construction of a three-dimensional model in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of setting fire parameters and personnel parameters in the three-dimensional model according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present application only, and are not intended to limit the present application.
The application provides a fire simulation evacuation exercise method based on a three-dimensional model, which is used for solving the problem that how to dynamically adjust an escape path which is a passive way under the condition of indoor fire occurrence, dynamically judging fire extinguishing probabilities of different fire points, thereby realizing dynamic fire simulation evacuation exercise, and also realizing fire synchronization under the existing fire condition, thereby realizing dynamic fire path adjustment.
The specific implementation steps of the application are as follows:
acquiring scanning data of a building, and determining escape paths and fire-fighting facilities in the building;
according to escape paths, setting escape nodes of different floors in a building, and constructing a first network topology structure diagram;
according to the fire-fighting facilities, fire-fighting nodes of different floors in the building are arranged, and a second network topology structure diagram is constructed;
fusing the first network topology structure diagram and the second network topology structure diagram to generate a three-dimensional model of the building;
setting fire parameters and personnel parameters of fire simulation according to the three-dimensional model, and triggering fire evaluation mechanisms of different floors;
acquiring evacuation channels and fire extinguishing probabilities of different floors through a fire evaluation mechanism;
according to the evacuation channel, generating an escape path for fire exercise, and dynamically adjusting the escape path through the fire extinguishing probability.
As shown in fig. 1, the working principle of the above technical scheme is as follows:
in this embodiment, the present application may obtain, in advance, the scanning data of the building, where the scanning data includes, but is not limited to, drawing scanning data of the building and real-time scanning data obtained by the building through the unmanned aerial vehicle and the indoor monitoring device, and the conventional escape path is an escape path planned in advance in an internal design stage of the building; the fire-fighting equipment is the self-installed and arranged fire-fighting equipment in the building, and comprises, but is not limited to, a fire extinguisher, a fire-fighting lance, a smoke alarm system, a fire hydrant, a breaking tool, an automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system, a smoke-preventing and discharging system, a fire-preventing separation system, a fire-fighting broadcasting system and an emergency evacuation system; further, the combustible gas storage area and the inflammable matter storage area in the building can be scanned and positioned.
In this embodiment, the conventional escape route and the target escape route include an escape route in which escape can be performed inside a building or an escape route temporarily built outside a building.
In this embodiment, the escape nodes are escape intersections in different floors, the steering nodes and the crossing nodes in the escape paths are the escape nodes, the first network topology structure is a building escape flutter structure constructed by the escape intersections, and when the evacuation and exercise are simulated, the evacuees can judge the places and can realize rapid escape.
In this embodiment, the second network topology structure is a building fire node diagram formed by different fire-fighting devices, and these fire-fighting devices may overlap with the escape nodes, so that when a fire disaster is simulated and evacuated, the fire condition of the escape nodes may be relieved by these fire-fighting devices, so as to escape, or the fire may be extinguished by the fire-fighting devices in the area where the fire-fighting devices are located, or a new escape node may be developed by using the fire-fighting devices, for example, breaking glass by using a fire hydrant, so as to escape through an aerial ladder.
In the embodiment, the three-dimensional model is a three-dimensional visual model of a building, and can identify the distribution of the building in the building and different escape paths in the building; the three-dimensional model simulates a building under the action of the three-dimensional model, and sets a plurality of different fire parameters and personnel parameters in the building, namely different ignition points, different fire extension points and the like, so as to simulate the trend and distribution of fire, wherein the personnel parameters comprise the number of distributed people on different floors, the sex, the distance of each person from different escape paths, the time required by escape and the like.
In the present embodiment, the fire parameters and personnel parameters represent the distribution areas of fires in the building and the fires in different areas within the exercise time set in advance.
In this embodiment, the fire evaluation mechanism is used to evaluate the evacuable number of different escape routes and the fire conditions of different escape routes in the building, so as to determine how to plan the escape routes, and perform evacuation planning for fire simulation, where the fire probability is the evaluation probability of whether different fire points and nearby fire-fighting equipment can achieve fire extinguishment, so as to dredge a new escape route or perform fire extinguishment and alleviate the fire, so that more sufficient time is available for fire evacuation.
In this embodiment, when the escape route is clear, that is, the target escape route of each person or the escape route of each floor, the fire extinguishing dynamic adjustment can be performed based on the real-time situation of the exercise, or the fire extinguishing probability of each fire point, so as to implement the dynamic adjustment of the target escape route, thereby realizing the fire simulation and evacuation exercise of more directions, more angles and more fire situations.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
the application can dynamically simulate the fire conditions in the building in the drilling process, calculate the evacuation capacity of different escape paths and the fire extinguishing probability in different escape paths, and further realize the dynamic adjustment of the evacuation capacity of different escape paths.
Preferably, the scan data includes: indoor structure scan data, fire protection facility scan data, security device scan data, public facility scan data, and public area scene data.
In this embodiment, the scan data includes all data within the building including, but not limited to, fire data, scene distribution data, personnel distribution data, environmental distribution data, and the like.
Specifically, the conventional escape route includes the following identification steps:
identifying escape channels of different floors in a building according to the scanning data, and determining standard escape channel data;
combining the standard escape channel data with the floor plan map to generate an escape bayonet distribution map;
generating a standard path set conforming to a fire escape route according to the escape bayonet distribution diagram and the connecting channels of adjacent floors;
according to the standard path set, carrying out traffic numerical value reversing arrangement to obtain escape priorities of different bayonets;
and grading according to the escape priority and combining a k-means clustering algorithm to obtain a plurality of conventional escape paths.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the escape route data is position data, route and guiding data of escape routes which can escape from different floors in the building, and all the standard escape routes can be determined by scanning under the condition that the escape route identification standard is preset.
In this embodiment, the escape gate distribution map is an escape gate distribution map of different floors, and the floor plan map determines distribution areas of different buildings or devices, and after the standard escape gate data is determined, the two are fused, so that distribution points of different escape gates can be determined, i.e. the area guidance for fire evacuation can be performed.
In this embodiment, the standard path set is all path sets for fire escape, and the standard path set can construct all escape paths in the building through the escape bayonet distribution diagram and the connection channels of adjacent floors.
In this embodiment, the grading is to determine evacuation capability of different escape paths under the current fire condition, and the traffic values are arranged in a reversing manner, that is, the number of people with different escape paths, which can escape and pass, is measured, and the number of people with each escape path, which can pass simultaneously, is determined, so that the optimal escape path and the worst escape path are determined according to the number of people with the escape paths, and the escape paths are paths which can escape safely without fail. The k-means clustering algorithm is used for carrying out clustering analysis on escape paths and determining the optimal escape paths.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that:
according to the application, when a fire disaster is simulated, a plurality of escape bayonets are determined according to the escape channel, and the priority of the escape route is judged, so that efficient escape is realized.
Preferably, the fire-fighting facilities include fire-fighting lighting facilities, fire-fighting sensing facilities and fire-fighting extinguishing facilities; wherein,,
the fire-fighting lighting facility comprises an emergency lighting lamp and a public area lighting system;
the fire control sensing facility comprises a public area camera device and a public area sensing device;
the fire-fighting equipment comprises various fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, automatic alarms, manual alarms, an indoor fire-fighting water supply system, a fire-fighting broadcasting system, an emergency evacuation system and an independent fire-fighting sensor alarm system.
The principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
the fire-fighting equipment has the functions of illuminating a fire escape path, sensing the escape path, alarming the escape path, broadcasting fire-fighting equipment and the like when the fire simulation is performed, so that data acquisition and emergency extinguishment of the fire are realized.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that:
the application can collect fire data, alarm and short fire extinguishing through fire equipment in the fire drilling process through fire facilities.
Preferably, the three-dimensional model is constructed by:
extracting node information according to the first network topology structure diagram and the second network topology structure diagram, and importing the node information and a building blueprint into three-dimensional modeling software to generate original three-dimensional model data based on fire fighting marks; wherein,,
the fire fighting indicia includes fire equipment indicia and fire path indicia;
according to the original three-dimensional model, calculating the traffic of the fire-fighting path, and determining a traffic simulation interval of the escape path;
according to the original three-dimensional model, performing fire extinguishing calculation of fire-fighting equipment, and determining fire treatment intervals of areas where different fire-fighting equipment are located;
and setting a fire simulation flux interface of the building according to the people flow simulation interval and the fire processing interval, and generating a visual three-dimensional model.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, through the first network topology structure diagram and the second network topology structure diagram, we can determine the distribution information and the effect of the fire-fighting equipment; the conventional fire path, i.e. escape path information for fire evacuation, can also be determined. The positions of the fire-fighting equipment and the bayonets of the escape paths are used as nodes, node information is generated, and then the node information and the building blueprint are imported into three-dimensional modeling software, so that the construction of a three-dimensional model of an original building is realized, and different nodes are marked.
According to the original three-dimensional model data, the traffic of the fire-fighting paths is calculated, namely the number of people who can pass through each escape path simultaneously is judged, and the number of people who can pass through any path area of each escape path simultaneously is included, so that the number interval of people who can pass through any area in the escape paths simultaneously can be determined in the process of simulating evacuation and exercise of fire disaster;
through the original three-dimensional model data, the fire extinguishing calculation of the fire-fighting equipment can determine whether the fire-fighting equipment can extinguish the fire in the fire-existing area, and can determine the fire intensity of the fire which can be extinguished by the fire-fighting equipment, namely a fire treatment interval.
Furthermore, a fire simulation flux interface of the building is arranged, namely, the fire simulation flux interface is arranged when fire simulation evacuation is carried out, the fire parameter setting interface, the number of evacuated persons and the position data of the evacuated persons can be carried out, a visual three-dimensional model can be realized, visual observation on simulation fire simulation evacuation results can be realized, and a visual mode depends on a conventional visual mode.
Preferably, the setting fire parameters and personnel parameters of the fire simulation includes:
acquiring fire simulation parameters input by a user, and analyzing fire conditions and personnel distribution; wherein,,
the fire analysis is used for determining the fire position, the fire size and the fire distribution trend of fire simulation;
the personnel distribution analysis is used for determining personnel floor distribution and personnel distribution quantity of the fire simulation;
determining scene distribution parameters of fire simulation based on fire analysis and personnel distribution analysis;
based on the scene distribution parameters, setting fire parameters and personnel parameters in the three-dimensional model.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
in this embodiment, the fire simulation parameters are a location of fire simulation, a fire degree, an evacuation number and a distribution of evacuation numbers, which are preset before the exercise, a development trend of the fire, and a time required for fire extinguishment. The fire analysis and personnel distribution analysis are used for determining change data and distribution data of the fire, and the personnel distribution analysis is used for determining the number of people to evacuate and the positions of the evacuated people in the building.
In this embodiment, the scene distribution parameters are specific parameters for constructing a fire scene in the three-dimensional model, that is, when the fire is simulated, the scene of different fire points on the building, the scene of evacuation personnel and the scene of different escape paths in real time;
through the scene parameters, corresponding fire parameters and personnel parameters are set through the fire simulation flux interface, so that fire simulation and personnel simulation of the fire simulation evacuation exercise are realized.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that:
according to the application, the overall fire simulation can be performed by setting the fire simulation parameters according to the needs of the user, according to different buildings, different fires and different personnel distribution, so that dynamic simulation exercise can be realized when the fire evacuation is performed.
Preferably, the setting the fire parameter and the personnel parameter in the three-dimensional model includes:
creating a simple model based on fire simulation based on the three-dimensional model;
determining a calculation model of fire simulation based on the simple model; wherein,,
the calculation model is used for simulating a fire scene by fire parameters and personnel parameters and determining fire factors;
based on the calculation model, generating a plurality of fire factors, and loading a fire simulation process and a personnel distribution position process;
and configuring a fire simulation behavior tree for a plurality of fire factor loading processes and personnel distribution position loading processes, and performing three-dimensional simulation of a fire scene.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the simple model of fire simulation is a simple display model of fire distribution, that is, fire distribution addresses and fire sizes in different areas of a building, and different fire point influence ranges and possible harmfulness to evacuated people;
in this embodiment, the calculation model calculates the current fire state, the distribution position and distribution trend of the fire trend and evacuated personnel, and the specific evacuation trend during evacuation, so as to simulate the fire scene, determine the state of the fire scene, and determine the fire factor of the fire scene, where the fire factor includes the fire distribution factor, the fire hazard factor, and the fire influence trend factor.
In this embodiment, the simulation of the fire scene includes the simulation of the fire condition and the simulation of the personnel in the fire, and thus, the fire simulation process and the personnel distribution position process are configured to implement the three-dimensional simulation of the fire scene, and the fire simulation behavior tree is used to determine the exercise behavior of each fire simulated evacuation according to the different loading processes and the loading parameters, including but not limited to the evacuation behavior, the fire distribution and trend status behavior, and the status distribution behavior of the personnel.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that:
in the process of performing fire three-dimensional simulation, the application aims to solve the problems that in the current fire simulation evacuation process, three-dimensional software only can realize full scene simulation, but can not realize the directional simulation function of any area, and in the fire simulation, only can simulate the fire, can not simulate the state special effect of the fire at the same time, has low fineness, can simulate the fire only singly, and can not simulate evacuation personnel at the same time.
Preferably, the fire evaluation mechanism comprises an evacuation evaluation mechanism and a fire extinguishing evaluation mechanism; wherein,,
the evacuation evaluation mechanism is used for constructing an evacuation evaluation model according to a preset evacuation evaluation system and outputting a grading result of current fire evacuation;
the fire extinguishing evaluation mechanism is used for constructing a fire extinguishing evaluation model according to a preset fire extinguishing evaluation system and outputting scoring results of fire extinguishing easiness of the fire at different positions at present.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
in this embodiment, the evacuation evaluation mechanism is configured to comprehensively evaluate the evacuation capability evaluation mechanism and the evacuation population evaluation mechanism of different evacuation bayonets in the evacuation process, the length of the escape route, and the like.
According to the application, the evacuation evaluation system and the fire extinguishing evaluation system are combined, the evacuation evaluation system can judge the evacuation condition of each fire point and each escape route, and the fire extinguishing evaluation model can score the fire extinguishing probability of different fire points, so that when evacuation is carried out, a new escape route can be developed instead of only the existing mode, and in the process of fire evacuation exercise simulation, escape can be carried out only through a fixed escape route, and the fire can realize a 'directional fire extinguishing' mode according to the actual condition, thereby realizing the evacuation exercise system for continuously updating the escape route.
Preferably, the evacuation evaluation mechanism includes the following evacuation evaluation steps:
selecting a target floor, collecting channel information of the target floor, dividing different channel openings, and calculating evacuation congestion states of the different channel openings;
constructing an evacuation congestion rate model of the target floor based on the number information of people on the target floor;
calculating the congestion rates of different passage openings of the target floor, and judging the evacuation numbers of different passage openings of the target floor based on the congestion state;
and (5) integrating the evacuation people on different floors to generate an escape path for fire exercise.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
in this embodiment, when performing evacuation, the present application calculates the congestion degree of different passage ports, determines the number of evacuees of different passage ports, and further broadcasts the evacuable number of different passage ports to perform reasonable evacuation arrangement.
In this embodiment, the evacuation people and evacuation paths of different floors are fused, so as to determine the escape path of the whole building, so that people and escape paths between different floors can be fused when people on different floors are evacuated, and people on different floors can not be involved in evacuation, so that people on different floors pass through the same escape path too much, and casualties caused by direct factors such as trampling events and the like are generated when people on different floors are chaotic to evacuate or evacuated.
Preferably, the fire extinguishing evaluation mechanism comprises the following fire extinguishing evaluation steps:
acquiring fire data of different fire points and fire extinguishing equipment data;
according to the fire data and the fire extinguishing equipment data, constructing a fire extinguishing action model based on different fire points;
respectively carrying out iterative optimization on the fire extinguishing action model based on the maximum likelihood estimation and the expectation maximization algorithm until convergence;
in the iteration process, substituting fire data and fire extinguishing equipment data into a fire extinguishing action model respectively to determine probability entropy of fire extinguishment;
and generating fire extinguishing evaluation probabilities for determining different fire points according to the probability entropy.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
in this embodiment, the fire extinguishing action model is used to determine the probability that fire points in different escape paths can extinguish fire and become a safe escape path under the current fire-fighting equipment condition;
in this embodiment, substituting fire data and fire extinguishing equipment data into the fire extinguishing action model is to calculate specific probability of fire extinguishment, judge whether fire extinguishment can be performed, and further realize fire extinguishment evacuation.
Through the fire data of different fires, for example, the fire spreading direction, the fire size and the combustible material condition around the fire, whether the fire extinguishing equipment of the current fire can reach the fire extinguishing requirement can be judged, so that a fire extinguishing action model is constructed to extinguish fire.
The maximum natural estimation and expected maximization algorithm can judge whether fire extinguishing requirements are met or not through continuous iterative calculation of fire data and fire extinguishing data which change in real time under the existing fire extinguishing conditions, and based on probability entropy, the success rate of fire extinguishing is determined, when the power reaches the preset requirements, the escape route of fire simulated evacuation can be updated continuously through the fire extinguishing situation, and development can be carried out, so that estimated simulation data of the innovative escape route of fire extinguishing can be realized.
The technical proposal has the beneficial effects that
The application can be as close to the actual fire situation as possible, can carry out the escape mode of operation in crowd evacuation, is not completely bound by the immobilized evacuation scheme under the existing fire simulation situation, can be more a fire scene in the actual situation, provides the operable crowd evacuation and fire fighting scheme for firefighters, and can rapidly realize the scheme of personnel evacuation.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The fire simulation evacuation exercise method based on the three-dimensional model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring scanning data of a building, and determining a conventional escape path and fire-fighting facilities in the building;
according to escape paths, setting escape nodes of different floors in a building, and constructing a first network topology structure diagram;
according to the fire-fighting facilities, fire-fighting nodes of different floors in the building are arranged, and a second network topology structure diagram is constructed;
fusing the first network topology structure diagram and the second network topology structure diagram to generate a three-dimensional model of the building;
setting fire parameters and personnel parameters of fire simulation according to the three-dimensional model, and triggering fire evaluation mechanisms of different floors;
acquiring evacuation channels and fire extinguishing probabilities of different floors through a fire evaluation mechanism;
according to the evacuation channel, a target escape path for fire exercise is generated, and the target escape path is dynamically adjusted according to the fire extinguishing probability.
2. A fire simulated evacuation drilling method based on a three-dimensional model as claimed in claim 1, wherein said scan data comprises: indoor structure scan data, fire protection facility scan data, security device scan data, public facility scan data, and public area scene data.
3. A fire simulated evacuation drilling method based on a three-dimensional model as claimed in claim 1, wherein said conventional escape route comprises the following identification steps:
identifying escape channels of different floors in a building according to the scanning data, and determining standard escape channel data;
combining the standard escape channel data with the floor plan map to generate an escape bayonet distribution map;
generating a standard path set conforming to a fire escape route according to the escape bayonet distribution diagram and the connecting channels of adjacent floors;
according to the standard path set, carrying out traffic numerical value reversing arrangement to obtain escape priorities of different bayonets;
and grading according to the escape priority and combining a k-means clustering algorithm to obtain a plurality of conventional escape paths.
4. A three-dimensional model based fire simulated evacuation drilling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fire-fighting facilities include fire-fighting lighting facilities, fire-fighting sensing facilities and fire-fighting extinguishing facilities; wherein,,
the fire-fighting lighting facility comprises an emergency lighting lamp and a public area lighting system;
the fire control sensing facility comprises a public area camera device and a public area sensing device;
the fire-fighting equipment comprises various fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, automatic alarms, manual alarms, an indoor fire-fighting water supply system, a fire-fighting broadcasting system, an emergency evacuation system and an independent fire-fighting sensor alarm system.
5. The fire simulated evacuation exercise method based on the three-dimensional model as claimed in claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional model is constructed by the steps of:
extracting node information according to the first network topology structure diagram and the second network topology structure diagram, and importing the node information and a building blueprint into three-dimensional modeling software to generate original three-dimensional model data based on fire fighting marks; wherein,,
the fire fighting indicia includes fire equipment indicia and fire path indicia;
according to the original three-dimensional model data, calculating the traffic of the fire path, and determining a traffic simulation interval of the escape path;
according to the original three-dimensional model, performing fire extinguishing calculation of fire-fighting equipment, and determining fire treatment intervals of areas where different fire-fighting equipment are located;
and setting a fire simulation flux interface of the building according to the people flow simulation interval and the fire processing interval, and generating a visual three-dimensional model.
6. The method for performing evacuation training based on a three-dimensional model according to claim 5, wherein said setting fire parameters and personnel parameters of the fire simulation comprises:
acquiring fire simulation parameters input by a user, and analyzing fire conditions and personnel distribution; wherein,,
the fire analysis is used for determining the fire position, the fire size and the fire distribution trend of fire simulation;
the personnel distribution analysis is used for determining personnel floor distribution and personnel distribution quantity of the fire simulation;
determining scene distribution parameters of fire simulation based on fire analysis and personnel distribution analysis;
based on the scene distribution parameters, setting fire parameters and personnel parameters in the three-dimensional model.
7. The method for performing evacuation training based on three-dimensional model according to claim 6, wherein said setting fire parameters and personnel parameters of fire simulation further comprises:
creating a simple model based on fire simulation based on the three-dimensional model;
based on the simple model, generating a calculation model of fire simulation; wherein,,
the calculation model is used for scene state calculation of fire parameters and personnel parameters, simulates a fire scene and determines fire factors;
based on the calculation model, generating a plurality of fire factors, and loading a fire simulation process and a personnel distribution position process;
and configuring a fire simulation behavior tree for a plurality of fire factor loading processes and personnel distribution position loading processes, and performing three-dimensional simulation of a fire scene.
8. The fire simulation evacuation drilling method based on the three-dimensional model according to claim 1, wherein the fire evaluation mechanism comprises an evacuation evaluation mechanism and a fire extinguishing evaluation mechanism; wherein,,
the evacuation evaluation mechanism is used for constructing an evacuation evaluation model according to a preset evacuation evaluation system and outputting a grading result of current fire evacuation;
the fire extinguishing evaluation mechanism is used for constructing a fire extinguishing evaluation model according to a preset fire extinguishing evaluation system and outputting scoring results of fire extinguishing easiness of the fire at different positions at present.
9. A fire simulation evacuation exercise method based on a three-dimensional model as claimed in claim 1, wherein said evacuation evaluation mechanism comprises the following evacuation evaluation steps:
selecting a target floor, collecting channel information of the target floor, dividing different channel openings, and calculating evacuation congestion states of the different channel openings;
constructing an evacuation congestion rate model of the target floor based on the number information of people on the target floor;
calculating the congestion rates of different passage openings of the target floor, and judging the evacuation numbers of different passage openings of the target floor based on the congestion state;
and (5) integrating the evacuation people on different floors to generate an escape path for fire exercise.
10. A fire simulated evacuation drilling method based on a three-dimensional model as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fire extinguishing evaluation mechanism comprises the following fire extinguishing evaluation steps:
acquiring fire data of different fire points and fire extinguishing equipment data;
according to the fire data and the fire extinguishing equipment data, constructing a fire extinguishing action model based on different fire points;
respectively carrying out iterative optimization on the fire extinguishing action model based on the maximum natural estimation and the expectation maximization algorithm until convergence;
in the iteration process, substituting fire data and fire extinguishing equipment data into a fire extinguishing action model respectively to determine probability entropy of fire extinguishment;
and generating fire extinguishing evaluation probabilities for determining different fire points according to the probability entropy.
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