CN117495311B - Regional fire safety physical examination method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a regional fire safety physical examination method, which comprises the following steps: the fire safety management data in the target area are collected, a fire spreading model and fire data are obtained according to the fire safety management data in the target area, the fire data comprise building data, personnel evacuation data and fire data, emergency time safety coefficients when fire occurs in the target area are obtained according to the building data and the personnel evacuation data, the fire safety coefficients when fire occurs in the target area are obtained according to the fire data, and accordingly comprehensive fire safety evaluation values of the target area are obtained, and whether fire safety inspection of the target area is qualified is judged. According to the invention, the problem that the single fire-fighting project detection cannot embody the synergy and reliability of an actual fire-fighting system can be avoided by calculating the comprehensive fire-fighting safety evaluation value of each region, and the fire-fighting safety level is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a regional fire safety physical examination method.
Background
Regional fire safety checkups refer to the process of comprehensively checking fire safety conditions of a particular region or building. Including but not limited to fire alarm systems, sprinkler systems, emergency evacuation facilities, fire equipment, and the like. Such physical examination is typically performed by a professional fire safety inspection team and provides detailed inspection reports and improvement advice after completion. The purpose is to find out and timely solve the hidden danger which may cause fire disaster, and ensure the fire safety of the area.
The existing problems are as follows: the detection results of single detection items such as emergency channels, building structures, emergency equipment quantity, fire-fighting equipment quantity, distribution and the like depend on manual subjective evaluation, and the quality of single detection indexes cannot intuitively reflect the fact that when a danger comes, the coordination and reliability among all fire-fighting units and the fire-fighting safety level cannot be comprehensively checked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a regional fire safety physical examination method, which aims to solve the existing problems.
The invention discloses a regional fire safety physical examination method which adopts the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a regional fire safety physical examination method, which comprises the following steps:
marking any one area as a target area; collecting fire safety management data in a target area, and respectively constructing a physical model of a building and a fire-fighting equipment performance model in the building by using a BIM modeling method according to the fire safety management data in the target area; according to the physical model of the building, the fire-fighting equipment performance model in the building and the fire safety management data in the target area, a fire spreading model and fire data are obtained; the fire data comprises building data, personnel evacuation data and fire fighting data; the building data comprises a plurality of independent spaces in a physical model of a building;
According to the building data and the personnel evacuation data, personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space is obtained; recording the variance of the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in all independent spaces as an emergency time safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in a target area;
according to the fire data, disaster situation resistant factors when fire disaster occurs in each independent space are obtained; the average value of disaster situation resistant factors when fire occurs in all independent spaces is recorded as a fire safety coefficient when fire occurs in a target area;
obtaining a comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area according to the emergency time safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area and the fire safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area; and judging whether the fire safety check of the target area is qualified or not according to the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area.
Further, according to the physical model of the building, the performance model of the fire-fighting equipment in the building and the fire safety management data in the target area, the fire spreading model and the fire data are obtained, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
according to the physical model of the building, the Fire equipment performance model in the building and the Fire safety management data in the target area, using the FLUENT Fire model to obtain a Fire spreading model;
And respectively simulating the condition of each independent space in the physical model of the building when the fire occurs by using the fire spreading model to obtain fire data generated when the fire occurs in each independent space in the physical model of the building.
Further, according to the building data and the personnel evacuation data, the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is obtained, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the building data comprises a plurality of scattering openings in a physical model of the building and the volume of each independent space;
the personnel evacuation data comprises the fire spreading speed when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the shortest path distance from the initial position to the evacuation port after the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the alarm delay time of a smoke detection sensor, the initial position of each personnel in a physical model of a building when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space and the personnel evacuation speed;
The shortest path distance from the initial position to the scattering port of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is recorded as the escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space;
the shortest path distance from the initial position to the independent space where the fire disaster occurs and then to the scattering port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is recorded as the dangerous escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space;
dividing the volume of each independent space by the fire spreading speed when fire occurs in each independent space, and recording the fire spreading speed as the prediction time of the fire spreading to the whole independent space;
dividing the escape distance of each person when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space by the person evacuation speed, and recording the escape distance of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space as the evacuation time of each person evacuated from each evacuation port;
according to the distance between the initial positions of all people in the physical model of the building when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space and the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space are obtained;
Obtaining the evacuation difficulty of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space according to the escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the dangerous escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, and the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space;
the product of the normalized value of the evacuation difficulty of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire occurs in each independent space and the evacuation time of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire occurs in each independent space is recorded as the accurate evacuation time of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire occurs in each independent space;
and obtaining personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space according to the prediction time of the fire disaster spreading to the whole independent space, the accurate evacuation time of all personnel evacuated from all evacuation ports when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space and the alarm delay time of the smoke detection sensor.
Further, the method for obtaining the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire occurs in each independent space according to the distance between the initial positions of all people in the physical model of the building when the fire occurs in each independent space and the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire occurs in each independent space comprises the following specific steps:
the shortest distance between one initial position and the other initial position of any two persons in a physical model of a building is recorded as the actual distance between the two persons;
if the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space is greater than a preset number threshold value, calculating the actual distance between any two people in all people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space in the case of fire, adding one to the variance of the actual distance between all people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space in the case of fire, and recording the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space in the case of fire;
if the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space is smaller than or equal to a preset number threshold value when a fire disaster occurs, setting the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space as preset characteristic values.
Further, the specific calculation formula corresponding to the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is obtained according to the prediction time of the fire disaster spreading to the whole independent space, the accurate evacuation time of all personnel evacuated from all evacuation ports when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, and the alarm delay time of the smoke detection sensor:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe emergency time allowance of personnel of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in the ith independent space is +.>For the volume of the i-th independent space, +.>Z is the number of evacuation ports in the physical model of the building for the fire propagation rate in the ith independent space when a fire occurs, +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>The number of people evacuated from the evacuation ports,is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>The escape distance of the r person out of all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports, +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>Dangerous escape distance of the r-th person among all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports,/->Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>Distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from individual evacuation ports, V is the speed of evacuation of the person,/- >Alarm delay time for smoke detection sensor, +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>The evacuation difficulty of the r person in all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports,/-the person is evacuated>Is a linear normalization function.
Further, according to the fire data, disaster situation resistant factors when fire occurs in each independent space are obtained, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the fire data comprises a plurality of people evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space where the fire occurs, the number of available fire hydrants when the fire occurs in each independent space, the shortest path distance from the initial position of each person to the nearest available fire hydrants when the fire occurs in each independent space and then to the independent space where the fire occurs, and the shortest path distance from the initial position of each person to the independent space where the fire occurs when the fire occurs in each independent space;
the shortest path distance from the initial position to the nearest available fire hydrant to the independent space where the fire happens is recorded as the optimal entering distance of each person when the fire happens in each independent space;
the shortest path distance from the initial position of each person to the independent space where the fire disaster occurs when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is recorded as the entering distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space;
Obtaining the fire extinguishing distance of each independent space for fire according to the entry distance and the optimal entry distance of all people evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space for fire;
and obtaining disaster situation resistant factors when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space according to the extinguishing distance of each independent space where the fire disaster occurs and the number of available fire hydrants when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space.
Further, the step of obtaining the fire extinguishing distance of each independent space where fire occurs according to the entry distance and the optimal entry distance of all people evacuated from the nearest evacuation port of each independent space where fire occurs comprises the following specific steps:
dividing the optimal entry distance of each person evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space where fire occurs by the entry distance of each person evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space where fire occurs, and recording the optimal entry distance as the extinguishing distance of each person evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space where fire occurs;
the average value of the fire extinguishing distances of all people evacuated from the evacuation ports nearest to each independent space where the fire occurs is subtracted by one, and the average value is recorded as the fire extinguishing distance of each independent space where the fire occurs.
Further, according to the extinguishing distance of each independent space where the fire disaster occurs and the number of available fire hydrants when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the specific calculation formula corresponding to the disaster situation resistant factor when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is obtained:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs disaster-resistant factor when fire occurs in the ith independent space, +.>For the number of available fire hydrants in the ith independent space in case of fire, +.>For the number of people evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where a fire is occurring,/->The entry distance of the x-th person out of all persons evacuated to the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where the fire occurred, < ->Optimal entry distance of the x-th person among all persons evacuated to the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where fire occurs, < > for the (i-th) th person>As an exponential function based on natural constants, < +.>Is a first adjustment value of a preset exponential function.
Further, according to the emergency time safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area and the fire safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area, the specific calculation formula corresponding to the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area is obtained as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of Comprehensive fire safety evaluation value for target area, < +.>For the emergency time safety factor in the event of a fire in the target area, +.>Fire safety factor for fire disaster in target area, < ->As an exponential function based on natural constants, < +.>A second adjustment value that is a preset exponential function.
Further, the method for judging whether the fire safety check of the target area is qualified according to the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area comprises the following specific steps:
if the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area is larger than a preset judgment threshold value, judging that the fire safety check of the target area is qualified;
and if the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area is smaller than or equal to a preset judgment threshold value, judging that the fire safety check of the target area is unqualified.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the embodiment of the invention, any one area is recorded as a target area, the fire safety management data in the target area is collected, and a fire spreading model and fire data are obtained according to the fire safety management data in the target area, wherein the fire data comprise building data, personnel evacuation data and fire data. According to the building data and the personnel evacuation data, an emergency time safety coefficient when a fire disaster occurs in the target area is obtained, and according to the fire protection data, a fire protection safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area is obtained, so that a comprehensive fire protection safety evaluation value of the target area is obtained, and whether fire protection safety check of the target area is qualified is judged. Therefore, the embodiment detects most of the current fire safety inspection aiming at single fire projects, cannot reflect the cooperativity and reliability among all fire units and lacks the practicability, and well evaluates the safety of a fire control system according to the practicality of cooperative linkage of all fire units in the process of personnel evacuation and fire fighting work in fire disaster occurrence by compiling a building model, calling a fire spreading model, acquiring the fire spreading time of different fire points and acquiring different personnel evacuation difficulty weights according to the personnel distribution characteristics so as to obtain the emergency time allowance of evacuation of all personnel in the building, and then according to the quantity of fire hydrants nearby different fire points and the timeliness of fire equipment supporting fire points on a personnel evacuation path, acquires disaster situation affordable factors based on the layout of the fire equipment, further acquires comprehensive fire safety evaluation values and provides help for improving the fire safety level of an area according to the practicability of the cooperated linkage of the personnel evacuation and fire fighting work of all fire units in the process of fire disaster occurrence.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a method for detecting regional fire safety.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the invention to achieve the preset aim, the following detailed description is given below of a regional fire safety physical examination method according to the invention, which is specific to the implementation, structure, characteristics and effects thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" means that the embodiments are not necessarily the same. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The following specifically describes a specific scheme of the regional fire safety physical examination method provided by the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of steps of a method for detecting regional fire safety in an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes the following steps:
step S001: marking any one area as a target area; collecting fire safety management data in a target area, and respectively constructing a physical model of a building and a fire-fighting equipment performance model in the building by using a BIM modeling method according to the fire safety management data in the target area; according to the physical model of the building, the fire-fighting equipment performance model in the building and the fire safety management data in the target area, a fire spreading model and fire data are obtained; the fire data comprises building data, personnel evacuation data and fire fighting data; the building data includes a number of independent spaces within a physical model of a building.
Because the fire disaster occurs in the random area, the emergency response of the personnel corresponding to different areas is different, the evacuation paths of a plurality of emergency channels selected by the personnel in different areas are also different, the rationality and the practicability of the fire fighting channel and the equipment layout are still to be evaluated, and the emergency duration and the disaster resistance of the reserved personnel in evacuation are considered to be as large as possible when the fire disaster occurs in any place in the building, so the embodiment evaluates the comprehensive safety coefficient of the regional fire fighting work by predicting the emergency duration of each fire disaster point and the timeliness of the arrival of the fire fighting equipment.
Recording any one area as a target area, and collecting fire safety management data in the target area, wherein the fire safety management data of the target area comprises: building structure information, daily personnel distribution information, hydrant distribution information, emergency equipment, channel information and the like. And respectively constructing a physical model of the building and a fire-fighting equipment performance model in the building by using a BIM modeling method according to the fire-fighting safety management data in the target area.
What needs to be described is: the physical model of the building includes all open spaces, dividing walls, escape passages, stairs, evacuation ports, etc., and determines the availability and capacity of each space, and for residential or office building, the physical model of the building should be divided into independent spaces, i.e., each indoor room, and public spaces, i.e., passages, stairs. The performance model of the fire-fighting equipment in the building comprises a range which can be covered by the fire hydrant, and the delay time for the smoke detector to sense the fire condition and trigger the alarm can be used for obtaining the number of the available fire hydrant when the fire disaster occurs at any place according to the coverage range of the fire hydrant.
And then according to the physical model of the building, the Fire equipment performance model in the building and the Fire safety management data in the target area, using the FLUENT Fire model to obtain a Fire spreading model.
The required explanation is: the Fire spreading model is an application module of FLUENT CFD software for simulating the Fire occurrence and spreading process by using the existing FLUENT Fire model to simulate the Fire spreading process in a building. FLUENT Fire uses finer meshes and more complex physical models and can simulate the interaction between Fire and building structures. The Fire source position, building structure model, indoor common materials, initial Fire source size and wind speed are input in FLUENT Fire. According to the initial fire source size and the wind speeds of the independent space and the public space, an actual measurement value is adopted, and a fire spreading model can be obtained, wherein the model comprises the fire spreading speed in the independent space after the occurrence of the fire and the smoke spreading speed in the public space.
The BIM modeling method and the FLUENT Fire model are known techniques, and specific methods are not described herein.
The fire is generated by the combustible material in the independent space, the flame spreads in the independent space in the form of open flame, then spreads in the passage in the form of smoke, the spreading speed of the smoke is extremely high, once the spreading range of the fire reaches the passage from the independent space, the evacuation of people in the passage is seriously influenced, and the fire can not be controlled basically by means of the fire hydrant, so the embodiment takes the moment of the flame spreading out of the passage from the independent space as a dangerous node, and does not consider the condition of triggering fire spraying or being extinguished.
And then, respectively simulating the condition of each independent space in the physical model of the building when the fire occurs by using the fire spreading model to obtain fire data generated when the fire occurs in each independent space in the physical model of the building.
In the simulation of the fire spreading model, the evacuation ports for each person to evacuate are selected according to the nearest distance, and the evacuation speed of the person set in this example is 1.5 m/s, which is described as an example, but other values may be set in other embodiments, and this example is not limited thereto.
Fire data can be divided into building data and personnel evacuation data and fire data, wherein the building data includes: a plurality of independent spaces and dispersion openings in a physical model of the building, and the volume of each independent space.
The personnel evacuation data includes: the fire disaster evacuation method comprises the steps of spreading fire disaster speed when fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port when fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the shortest path distance from an initial position to a dispersion port when fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the shortest path distance from the initial position to the dispersion port after each person arrives at the independent space when fire disaster occurs in each independent space, alarm delay time of a smoke detection sensor, the initial position of each person in a physical model of a building when fire disaster occurs in each independent space and the personnel evacuation speed.
The shortest path distance from the initial position to the scattering port of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is recorded as the escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space. And (3) recording the shortest path distance from the initial position to the independent space where the fire disaster occurs and then to the scattering port when each person in each independent space breaks out as the dangerous escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space.
The fire data includes: the number of people evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each individual space where a fire occurs, the number of fire hydrants available in each individual space where a fire occurs, the shortest path distance from the initial position of each person in each individual space to the nearest available fire hydrant to the individual space where a fire occurs, and the shortest path distance from the initial position of each person in each individual space to the individual space where a fire occurs.
The shortest path distance from the initial position to the nearest available fire hydrant to the independent space where the fire occurs is recorded as the optimal entering distance of each person when the fire occurs in each independent space. The shortest path distance from the initial position of each person to the independent space where the fire occurs when the fire occurs in each independent space is recorded as the entering distance of each person when the fire occurs in each independent space.
Step S002: according to the building data and the personnel evacuation data, personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space is obtained; and recording the variance of the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in all the independent spaces as an emergency time safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area.
Therefore, the emergency time allowance for personnel evacuation when fire disaster occurs at any position can be calculated, so that the emergency time safety coefficient when fire disaster occurs in the target areaThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the emergency time safety factor in the event of a fire in the target area, J is the number of independent spaces in the physical model of the building, +.>The emergency time allowance of personnel of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in the ith independent space is +.>The average value of the emergency time allowance of personnel of the fire protection system when fire disaster occurs in all independent spaces is>For the volume of the i-th independent space, +.>The fire spreading speed in units of +/a/sec spreading at the time of fire occurrence in the ith independent space>Cubic meters, Z is the number of evacuation ports in the physical model of the building, +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>The number of people evacuated from the evacuation ports, +. >For the occurrence of fires in the ith independent spaceDisaster time from->The escape distance of the r person out of all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports, +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>Dangerous escape distance of the r-th person among all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports,/->Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>Distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from individual evacuation ports,/->The calculation process of (1) is as follows: the shortest distance between one initial position and the other initial position of any two persons in the physical model of the building is recorded as the actual distance between the two persons, if +.>Greater than a quantity thresholdWhen calculating the (th) independent space from the (th) in case of fire>The actual distance between any two people in all people evacuated from the evacuation ports is calculated from +.>The variance of the actual distances of all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports plus one is recorded as +.>If->Less than or equal to the quantity threshold->When the characteristic value is->Is marked as->. V is the speed of person evacuation, < > and->Delay time for an alarm of a smoke detection sensor. />Normalizing the data values to [0,1 ] as a linear normalization function]Within the interval. Characteristic value set in this embodiment +. >1, quantity threshold->2, this is described as an example, and other values may be set in other embodiments, and the present example is not limited thereto.
What needs to be described is:for the predicted time of the fire spreading to the whole i-th independent space +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>The evacuation time of the r-th person out of all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports,/for each person>Is the ithFrom +.>The degree of fire threat on the evacuation path of the r-th person among all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports,/->The closer the value is to 1, the greater the threat of fire the person is exposed to on the evacuation path. And when from->The more people are evacuated from the evacuation ports, and the distribution characteristics of the people are +.>The larger the one, the more difficult it is to withdraw the tissue in order, so +.>Indicating that fire in the i-th independent space is occurring from the first +.>Difficulty in evacuating individual evacuation ports. Thereby usingIndicating that fire in the i-th independent space is occurring from the first +.>The greater the evacuation difficulty of the r-th person among all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports, the greater the value thereof, the more evacuation time is required, thus usingFor->Adjusting the product of the two to represent the fire in the ith independent space from the first All people evacuated from the evacuation portsAccurate evacuation time of the r person, therebyIndicating the accurate evacuation time of all people when a fire occurs in the ith independent space. To this end use->Minus->Minus +.>And (5) representing the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in the ith independent space. The method is to subtract the average predicted evacuation time and the alarm delay time of personnel by utilizing the time before the fire spreads to dangerous nodes, so as to obtain the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in the ith independent space. />The emergency time safety coefficient is the variance of the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire occurs in all independent spaces>When the fire disaster is smaller, the fire disaster is indicated to be happened in the target area, and similar personnel emergency time allowance is reserved for evacuation, and +.>When the fire disaster occurs at the position in the target area, the emergency time allowance of the personnel is insufficient, so +.>The smaller the fire safety is, the better the fire safety is.
The fire spreading model can be used for obtaining whether the current planned fire evacuation channel is enough for all people in the building to rapidly complete the evacuation task, and the smaller the emergency time safety coefficient when the fire occurs in the target area is, the better the applicability of the fire evacuation channel in the current building to various fire situations is.
Step S003: according to the fire data, disaster situation resistant factors when fire disaster occurs in each independent space are obtained; and (5) taking the average value of disaster situation resistant factors when the fires occur in all independent spaces as a fire safety coefficient when the fires occur in the target area.
The emergency time safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area is based on the layout of the building structure and the fire evacuation channel, and the fire safety evaluation parameters which are based on the premise of ensuring the life safety of personnel are obtained, so that the fire safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area is also needed to be obtained according to the layout of fire protection equipmentThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofFire safety factor for fire disaster in target area, < ->For disaster-tolerant factor at the time of fire in the ith independent space, J is the number of independent spaces in the physical model of the building, +.>For the number of available fire hydrants in the ith independent space in case of fire, +.>For the number of people evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where a fire is occurring,/->The entry distance of the x-th person out of all persons evacuated to the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where the fire occurred, < ->Optimal entry distance for the x-th person among all persons evacuated for the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where the fire occurs. / >The present embodiment uses +.>To present the inverse proportion relation and normalization process, the practitioner can set the inverse proportion function and normalization function according to the actual situation, < ->For the first adjustment value of the exponential function, the exponential function is prevented from prematurely tending to 0. First adjustment value of exponential function set in this embodiment +.>This is described as an example, but other values may be set in other embodiments, and the present example is not limited thereto.
What needs to be described is:the larger the number, the more abundant the number of available hydrants, the more advantageous it is to prevent the spread of fire, +.>Representing the extinguishing distance of the x-th person out of all persons evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where the fire occurred, when the available hydrant is on the way of the person to the independent space where the fire occurred,'>1, the illustrative personnel can use the hydrant directly to the fire site, while the available hydrant is not on the way of personnel to the independent space where the fire is occurring, < >>Will be greater than->Therefore->The closer to 1, the better the position of the fire hydrant is, the higher the timeliness of fire fighting work is, soRepresenting the extinguishing distance of the i-th independent space where the fire occurs, and +. >The smaller the size, the higher the fire extinguishing efficiency, thus normalized by the inverse ratio +.>In->The product of (2) represents the disaster-tolerant factor at the time of fire in the i-th independent space, so that the average value of the disaster-tolerant factors at the time of fire in all independent spaces is used->Fire safety factor indicating fire occurrence in the target area, +.>The smaller the fire safety is, the better the fire safety is.
Step S004: obtaining a comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area according to the emergency time safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area and the fire safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area; and judging whether the fire safety check of the target area is qualified or not according to the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area.
Thus, the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area can be knownThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofComprehensive fire safety evaluation value for target area, < +.>For the emergency time safety factor in the event of a fire in the target area, +.>Fire safety factor for fire disaster in target area, < ->The present embodiment uses +.>To present the inverse proportion relation and normalization process, the practitioner can set the inverse proportion function and normalization function according to the actual situation, < - >For the second adjustment value of the exponential function, the exponential function is prevented from prematurely tending to 0. Second adjustment value of exponential function set in this embodiment +.>This is 0.05, and is described as an example, but other values may be set in other embodiments, and the present example is not limited thereto.
What needs to be described is: emergency time safety factor in case of fire in target areaThe fire safety is reflected by the margin of the emergency time of personnel evacuation, and the fire safety coefficient when the fire occurs in the target area is +.>Which is fire safety in response to resistance to fire through the layout of fire-fighting equipment, +.>And->The smaller the value of (C), the better the fire safety, and thusAnd->And (3) the inverse proportion normalized value of the product of the two, and represents the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area.
The determination threshold set in this embodiment is set to 0.7, which is described as an example, and other values may be set in other embodiments, and this embodiment is not limited thereto. If the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target areaAnd when the fire safety check value is larger than the judgment threshold value 0.7, judging that the fire safety check of the target area is qualified. If the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area is +.>When the fire safety inspection value is smaller than or equal to the judgment threshold value 0.7, judging that the fire safety inspection of the target area is unqualified, and even if a single fire inspection item reaches the standard, the fire layout in the target area is unreasonable, and the number of fire evacuation channels or fire hydrants needs to be increased until the comprehensive evaluation value reaches the threshold value requirement. Therefore, the fire safety check-up of the target area is completed, and the fire safety check-up of other areas can be completed according to the mode.
The present invention has been completed.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, any one area is recorded as a target area, fire safety management data in the target area is collected, and a fire spreading model and fire data are obtained according to the fire safety management data in the target area, where the fire data includes building data, personnel evacuation data, and fire data. According to the building data and the personnel evacuation data, an emergency time safety coefficient when a fire disaster occurs in the target area is obtained, and according to the fire protection data, a fire protection safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area is obtained, so that a comprehensive fire protection safety evaluation value of the target area is obtained, and whether fire protection safety check of the target area is qualified is judged. According to the invention, the problem that the single fire-fighting project detection cannot embody the synergy and reliability of an actual fire-fighting system can be avoided by calculating the comprehensive fire-fighting safety evaluation value of each region, and the fire-fighting safety level is improved.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The regional fire safety physical examination method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
marking any one area as a target area; collecting fire safety management data in a target area, and respectively constructing a physical model of a building and a fire-fighting equipment performance model in the building by using a BIM modeling method according to the fire safety management data in the target area; according to the physical model of the building, the fire-fighting equipment performance model in the building and the fire safety management data in the target area, a fire spreading model and fire data are obtained; the fire data comprises building data, personnel evacuation data and fire fighting data; the building data comprises a plurality of independent spaces in a physical model of a building;
according to the building data and the personnel evacuation data, personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space is obtained; recording the variance of the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in all independent spaces as an emergency time safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in a target area;
according to the fire data, disaster situation resistant factors when fire disaster occurs in each independent space are obtained; the average value of disaster situation resistant factors when fire occurs in all independent spaces is recorded as a fire safety coefficient when fire occurs in a target area;
Obtaining a comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area according to the emergency time safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area and the fire safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area; judging whether the fire safety check of the target area is qualified or not according to the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area;
the fire spreading model and fire data are obtained according to the physical model of the building, the fire-fighting equipment performance model in the building and the fire safety management data in the target area, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
according to the physical model of the building, the Fire equipment performance model in the building and the Fire safety management data in the target area, using the FLUENT Fire model to obtain a Fire spreading model;
respectively simulating the condition of each independent space in the physical model of the building when a fire disaster occurs by using the fire spreading model to obtain fire disaster data generated when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space in the physical model of the building;
according to the building data and the personnel evacuation data, the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is obtained, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the building data comprises a plurality of scattering openings in a physical model of the building and the volume of each independent space;
The personnel evacuation data comprises the fire spreading speed when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the shortest path distance from the initial position to the evacuation port after the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the alarm delay time of a smoke detection sensor, the initial position of each personnel in a physical model of a building when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space and the personnel evacuation speed;
the shortest path distance from the initial position to the scattering port of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is recorded as the escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space;
the shortest path distance from the initial position to the independent space where the fire disaster occurs and then to the scattering port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is recorded as the dangerous escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space;
dividing the volume of each independent space by the fire spreading speed when fire occurs in each independent space, and recording the fire spreading speed as the prediction time of the fire spreading to the whole independent space;
Dividing the escape distance of each person when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space by the person evacuation speed, and recording the escape distance of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space as the evacuation time of each person evacuated from each evacuation port;
according to the distance between the initial positions of all people in the physical model of the building when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space and the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space are obtained;
obtaining the evacuation difficulty of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space according to the escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the dangerous escape distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space, and the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space;
the product of the normalized value of the evacuation difficulty of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire occurs in each independent space and the evacuation time of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire occurs in each independent space is recorded as the accurate evacuation time of each person evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire occurs in each independent space;
Obtaining personnel emergency time allowance of a fire protection system when a fire disaster occurs in each independent space according to the prediction time of the fire disaster spreading to the whole independent space, the accurate evacuation time of all personnel evacuated from all evacuation ports when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space and the alarm delay time of a smoke detection sensor;
the disaster situation resistant factors when fire disaster occurs in each independent space are obtained according to the fire fighting data, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the fire data comprises a plurality of people evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space where the fire occurs, the number of available fire hydrants when the fire occurs in each independent space, the shortest path distance from the initial position of each person to the nearest available fire hydrants when the fire occurs in each independent space and then to the independent space where the fire occurs, and the shortest path distance from the initial position of each person to the independent space where the fire occurs when the fire occurs in each independent space;
the shortest path distance from the initial position to the nearest available fire hydrant to the independent space where the fire happens is recorded as the optimal entering distance of each person when the fire happens in each independent space;
The shortest path distance from the initial position of each person to the independent space where the fire disaster occurs when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space is recorded as the entering distance of each person when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space;
obtaining the fire extinguishing distance of each independent space for fire according to the entry distance and the optimal entry distance of all people evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space for fire;
obtaining disaster situation resistant factors when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space according to the extinguishing distance of each independent space when the fire disaster occurs and the number of available fire hydrants when the fire disaster occurs in each independent space;
the specific calculation formula corresponding to the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area is obtained according to the emergency time safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area and the fire safety coefficient when the fire disaster occurs in the target area:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofComprehensive fire safety evaluation value for target area, < +.>For the emergency time safety factor in the event of a fire in the target area, +.>Fire safety factor for fire disaster in target area, < ->As an exponential function based on natural constants, < +.>A second adjustment value that is a preset exponential function.
2. The method for detecting regional fire safety according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire occurs in each independent space according to the distance between the initial positions of all people in the physical model of the building when a fire occurs in each independent space and the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port when a fire occurs in each independent space comprises the following specific steps:
the shortest distance between one initial position and the other initial position of any two persons in a physical model of a building is recorded as the actual distance between the two persons;
if the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space is greater than a preset number threshold value, calculating the actual distance between any two people in all people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space in the case of fire, adding one to the variance of the actual distance between all people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space in the case of fire, and recording the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space in the case of fire;
If the number of people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space is smaller than or equal to a preset number threshold value when a fire disaster occurs, setting the distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from each evacuation port in each independent space as preset characteristic values.
3. The method for detecting regional fire safety according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculation formula corresponding to the personnel emergency time allowance of the fire protection system when the fire occurs in each independent space is obtained according to the prediction time of the fire spreading to the whole independent space, the accurate evacuation time of all personnel evacuated from all evacuation ports when the fire occurs in each independent space, and the alarm delay time of the smoke detection sensor:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe emergency time allowance of personnel of the fire protection system when the fire disaster occurs in the ith independent space is +.>For the volume of the i-th independent space, +.>Z is the number of evacuation ports in the physical model of the building for the fire propagation rate in the ith independent space when a fire occurs, +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>The number of people evacuated from the evacuation ports, +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs >The escape distance of the r person out of all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports, +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>Dangerous escape distance of the r-th person among all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports,/->Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>Distribution characteristics of all people evacuated from individual evacuation ports, V is the speed of evacuation of the person,/->Alarm delay time for smoke detection sensor, +.>Is the (i) th independent space from the (i) th independent space when fire occurs>The evacuation difficulty of the r person in all persons evacuated from the evacuation ports,/-the person is evacuated>Is a linear normalization function.
4. The method for detecting regional fire safety according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the extinguishing distance of each individual space where fire occurs based on the entry distance and the optimal entry distance of all people evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each individual space where fire occurs comprises the steps of:
dividing the optimal entry distance of each person evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space where fire occurs by the entry distance of each person evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space where fire occurs, and recording the optimal entry distance as the extinguishing distance of each person evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to each independent space where fire occurs;
The average value of the fire extinguishing distances of all people evacuated from the evacuation ports nearest to each independent space where the fire occurs is subtracted by one, and the average value is recorded as the fire extinguishing distance of each independent space where the fire occurs.
5. The method for detecting regional fire safety according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculation formula corresponding to the disaster situation resistance factor when the fire occurs in each independent space is obtained according to the extinguishing distance of each independent space when the fire occurs in each independent space and the number of available fire hydrants when the fire occurs in each independent space:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs the i independent airDisaster situation resistant factor when fire occurs in the room, < ->For the number of available fire hydrants in the ith independent space in case of fire, +.>For the number of people evacuated from the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where a fire is occurring,/->The entry distance of the x-th person out of all persons evacuated to the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where the fire occurred, < ->Optimal entry distance of the x-th person among all persons evacuated to the evacuation port nearest to the i-th independent space where fire occurs, < > for the (i-th) th person>As an exponential function based on natural constants, < +.>Is a first adjustment value of a preset exponential function.
6. The regional fire safety inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the step of judging whether the fire safety inspection of the target region is qualified according to the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target region comprises the following specific steps:
if the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area is larger than a preset judgment threshold value, judging that the fire safety check of the target area is qualified;
and if the comprehensive fire safety evaluation value of the target area is smaller than or equal to a preset judgment threshold value, judging that the fire safety check of the target area is unqualified.
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