CN116988063A - 一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1653—Two or more layers with at least one layer obtained by electroless plating and one layer obtained by electroplating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
- C23C18/50—Coating with alloys with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/565—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
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- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层及制备方法和应用，所述复合合金镀层包括由内到外依次镀于待镀件表面的高磷镍镀层、高镍锌镀层；所述镀层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：1)预处理：将待镀件置于含有碱性试剂的除油槽中，除油清洗，时间3～5min，获洁净的镀件表面；2)初级镍膜形成：将所得待镀件置于Ni+浓度为80ml/L‑110ml/L的含镍化合物的盐酸溶液中，制备1‑3微米的镍膜；3)Ni‑P合金镀层：将所得镀件浸泡在含磷10‑15％的溶液中，在磷酸盐的自催化反应下，得20‑30微米的高磷镍合金的镀层；4)Ni‑Fe过镀层：电镀沉积出厚度1‑3微米，铁含量为15‑40％的镍铁合金层；5)复合合金镀层：再利用电镀沉积出镍含量为12‑16％的锌镍合金，经钝化或塑化处理后，可得所述复合合金镀层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及腐蚀防护领域，具体是指一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
很多重大工程的建设都需要消耗大量的钢铁材料，而基础性钢铁材料在服役环境中容易遭受腐蚀破坏而造成维护期短，使用寿命短，这对于一些永固性钢铁材料进行良好的腐蚀防护便成了保证这些重大工程长期安全有效运行和节能降本的关键一环，目前镀锌、镀镉、镀镍防腐技术是提高钢铁材料耐蚀性最常见、最有效的镀层。
但是随着钢铁材料服役环境的多元化和复杂化，尤其对于复杂环境下需要长期腐蚀防护的重大工程钢铁构件，传统单金属镀层性能已不能满足钢铁材料防护性能不断发展的需要。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服上述技术的缺陷，提供一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层及制备方法和应用。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的技术方案为一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层，所述复合合金镀层包括由内到外依次镀于待镀件表面的高磷镍镀层、高镍锌镀层。
进一步地，所述复合合金镀层中基质合金为Ni-P-Zn。
进一步地，一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)预处理：将待镀件置于含有碱性试剂的除油槽中，在50～60℃温度条件下，实施常规碱液除油清洗，时间3～5min；获洁净的镀件表面；
步骤2)初级镍膜形成：将步骤1所得待镀件置于Ni+浓度为80ml/L-110ml/L的含镍化合物的盐酸溶液中，制备1-3微米的镍膜；
步骤3)Ni-P合金镀层：将步骤2所得镀件浸泡在含磷10-15％的溶液中，控制温度在80-90℃，在磷酸盐的自催化反应下获得20-30微米的高磷镍合金的镀层；
步骤4)Ni-Fe过镀层：将步骤3所得镀件，电镀沉积出厚度1-3微米，铁含量为15-40％的镍铁合金层；
步骤5)复合合金镀层：将步骤4所得镀件，电镀沉积出镍含量为12-16％的锌镍合金，经钝化或塑化处理后，可得所述复合合金镀层。
进一步地，所述步骤2中含镍化合物为硫酸镍或氨基磺酸镍。
本发明还提供了所述的复合合金镀层在钢铁构件的耐腐蚀防护中的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于：本发明提供了通过化学与电化学作用，在钢铁表面制备出一种Ni-P-Zn三元合金复合镀层，所述复合合金镀层包括由内到外依次镀于待镀件表面的高磷镍镀层、高镍锌镀层，相对于传统单金属镀层，所述复合合金镀层具有有非常高的耐盐雾性能，同时具有HV600左右的硬度，可应用于钢铁构件的耐腐蚀防护中，适用于岛礁基础钢铁设施的长效防护。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层及制备方法和应用做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层，所述复合合金镀层包括由内到外依次镀于待镀件表面的高磷镍镀层、高镍锌镀层，所述复合合金镀层中基质合金为Ni-P-Zn；
所述钢铁防护复合合金镀层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)预处理：将待镀件置于含有碱性试剂的除油槽中，在50～60℃温度条件下，实施常规碱液除油清洗，时间3～5min；获洁净的镀件表面；
步骤2)初级镍膜形成：当无低应力需求时，将步骤1所得待镀件置于Ni+浓度为80ml/L-110ml/L的硫酸镍的盐酸溶液中，制备1-3微米的镍膜；
步骤3)Ni-P合金镀层：将步骤2所得镀件浸泡在含磷10-15％的溶液中，控制温度在80-90℃，在磷酸盐的自催化反应下获得20-30微米的高磷镍合金的镀层；
步骤4)Ni-Fe过镀层：将步骤3所得镀件，电镀沉积出厚度1-3微米，铁含量为15-40％的镍铁合金层；
步骤5)复合合金镀层：将步骤4所得镀件，电镀沉积出镍含量为12-16％的锌镍合金，经钝化或塑化处理后，可得所述复合合金镀层；
所得镀有复合合金镀层的镀件，在实验室人工加速耐盐雾测试下可做到4000小时以上。
实施例2
一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层，所述复合合金镀层包括由内到外依次镀于待镀件表面的高磷镍镀层、高镍锌镀层，所述复合合金镀层中基质合金为Ni-P-Zn；
所述钢铁防护复合合金镀层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)预处理：将待镀件置于含有碱性试剂的除油槽中，在50～60℃温度条件下，实施常规碱液除油清洗，时间3～5min；获洁净的镀件表面；
步骤2)初级镍膜形成：当有低应力需求时，将步骤1所得待镀件置于Ni+浓度为80ml/L-110ml/L的氨基磺酸镍的盐酸溶液中，制备1-3微米的镍膜；
步骤3)Ni-P合金镀层：将步骤2所得镀件浸泡在含磷10-15％的溶液中，控制温度在80-90℃，在磷酸盐的自催化反应下获得20-30微米的高磷镍合金的镀层；
步骤4)Ni-Fe过镀层：将步骤3所得镀件，电镀沉积出厚度1-3微米，铁含量为15-40％的镍铁合金层；
步骤5)复合合金镀层：将步骤4所得镀件，电镀沉积出镍含量为12-16％的锌镍合金，经钝化或塑化处理后，可得所述复合合金镀层；
所得镀有复合合金镀层的镀件，在实验室人工加速耐盐雾测试下可做到4000小时以上。
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述，这种描述没有限制性。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示，在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下，不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层，其特征在于，所述复合合金镀层包括由内到外依次镀于待镀件表面的高磷镍镀层、高镍锌镀层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层的，其特征在于，所述复合合金镀层中基质合金为Ni-P-Zn。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)预处理：将待镀件置于含有碱性试剂的除油槽中，在50～60℃温度条件下，实施常规碱液除油清洗，时间3～5min；获洁净的镀件表面；
步骤2)初级镍膜形成：将步骤1所得待镀件置于Ni+浓度为80ml/L-110ml/L的含镍化合物的盐酸溶液中，制备1-3微米的镍膜；
步骤3)Ni-P合金镀层：将步骤2所得镀件浸泡在含磷10-15％的溶液中，控制温度在80-90℃，在磷酸盐的自催化反应下获得20-30微米的高磷镍合金的镀层；
步骤4)Ni-Fe过镀层：将步骤3所得镀件，电镀沉积出厚度1-3微米，铁含量为15-40％的镍铁合金层；
步骤5)复合合金镀层：将步骤4所得镀件，电镀沉积出镍含量为12-16％的锌镍合金，经钝化或塑化处理后，可得所述复合合金镀层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种钢铁防护复合合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中含镍化合物为硫酸镍或氨基磺酸镍。
5.如权利要求1-4任意一项所述的复合合金镀层在钢铁构件的耐腐蚀防护中的应用。
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