CN1169759A - 增强织物 - Google Patents

增强织物 Download PDF

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CN1169759A
CN1169759A CN96191659A CN96191659A CN1169759A CN 1169759 A CN1169759 A CN 1169759A CN 96191659 A CN96191659 A CN 96191659A CN 96191659 A CN96191659 A CN 96191659A CN 1169759 A CN1169759 A CN 1169759A
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D·E·谢弗
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Abstract

一种增强织物包括一个底布织物和一个与底布织物连接起来的增强网格,这种网格增强的织物强度比将与网格相同类型和相同重量百分比的增强纱整个织入到织物中而形成的织物的强度至少高20%。

Description

增强织物
发明背景
质轻而抗撕破的织物在许多地方都需要，例如帐篷、帆布、遮阳布、伞盖、航海用遮盖物及旗帜，且绝不仅限于此。为了提供这些用途的织物所试过的方法包括往织物上层叠合涂覆树脂材料如橡胶等。另外一种提高织物抗撕破性能的方法包括用具有高强度的纱线编织织物，这类纱线材料包括：聚(对苯二甲酰间苯二胺)PPD-T和聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)MPD-I。
层压织物，甚至那些如日本公开的KoKoKu昭62-26900所描述的，由含一定百分比含量的PPD-T或MPD-I制成的纱线来增强的织物都不能满足足够的抗撕破强度，及质轻和经济的要求。尤其是层压织物没有透气性，水汽不能够通过该类织物。这对于用作帐篷材料或其它需要透过水汽的覆盖物来说尤其是个问题。
就拿帐篷来说，如果使用涂层或层压织物，在寒冷的季节或寒冷的夜晚，炊事或正常生命活动所生产的水汽被保持在层压帐篷所围成的空间，在层压织物制成的帐篷的下方。热使得水汽上升到所围空间的顶部，在那里水汽接触到寒冷的层压表面便凝结在上面，水汽被凝结形成水滴，最后又滴落在帐篷所占的空间中。另外，当层压织物或涂层织物被缝成帐篷或用作其它的产品时，层压织物或涂覆织层物不能自己密封由针在织物上所形成的孔洞。孔洞沿着缝迹、缝边或其它缝线区域处于打开状态。如果这类缝纫形成的层压覆盖物质用于户外，在下雨或其它潮湿天气状况下，水汽就通过那些针孔进入到本来设计的想用覆盖物保护的东西中。另外，层压或涂覆织物通常质重或柔软性不好，这使得搬运，折叠存放和使用这类产品非常困难。
如果非层压织物强力高和有抗撕破性，则其有广泛用途。完全由强度非常高的聚合物纤维诸如由PPD-T，或MPD-I形成的纤维织成的织物能够提高足够的强度，这使得其对于最终用途来讲费用太高。
本发明概述
本发明提供了一种增强织物，该织物由一个其上联接有增强网格的底布织物构成。在增强网格上的每英寸(2.54cm)纱线根数比底布织物上每英寸(2.54cm)的纱线根数少15％，增强网格至少与底布织物的一面在一些隔开一定距离的点上偶尔的相互联接在一起。最终形成的增强织物，其强度比将增强纱线直接织入底布织物而形成的类似的增强织物的强度至少高20％，这个数据结果由埃尔门朵夫(Elmendorf)撕破强度(ASTM D1424)测得。附图简介
图I描述的是底布织物的织物花纹，内有水平虚线的方块代表底物织物的经纱，内有竖直的实线的方块代表纬纱；
图II描绘的是本发明的增强织物，在织物正面有一个增强网格，包含水平虚线的方块代表底布织物的经纱，内含斜线的方块代表增强网格纱线的位置，内含粗斜线的方块代表增强纱与底布织物的连接点，内含竖直实线的方块代表底布织物的纬纱；
图III描绘的是一个用来对照的织物，在该织物中增强纱被整个地编织进地织物里，内含水平虚线的方块代表底布织物的经纱，内含斜线的方块代表增强纱的位置，内含竖直实线的方块代表底布织物的纬纱。
发明详述
本发明中的增强网格看起来象一个网，其经纱之间的间隔比底布织物经纱之间的间隔大。网格中的经纱和纬纱在形成网格时被用作单根纱。网格所使用的纱线的细度旦尼尔数大体与底布织物的细度旦尼尔数相当。最好增强网格中经纱方向和纬纱方向上纱线之间的间隔分别为5-15根每英寸(2.54cm)。增强织物与底布织物的联接点在其经纱方向或纬纱方向之间的距离也最好为每英寸内(2.54cm)4-30个点。
为了获得撕破强度的增加，网格只需要与底布织物的一面相接合。本发明的网格可以与底布织物的两面接合而获得强度更强的增强织物。当将网格与底布织物的两面接合时，在每一面上的网格的间隔和联接点不必相同，而是可以有变化以优化增强织物的性能。
虽然增强网格所采用的纱线可以是强度比底布织物的纱线强度高的任何纱线，但最好选择强度为底布织物纱线强度的1.5倍以上而伸长率至少为底布织物纱线2倍的纱线作增强网格。
底布织物最好采用棉缎组织，尤其用于帐篷结构中该棉缎组织经纱方向上至少每英寸(2.54cm)75根纱线而在纬纱方向至少每英寸(2.54cm)35根纱线。增强网格的材料最好采用MPD-I制成的连续的复丝纱线，由这种增强网格与底部织物的一面接合起来的增强织物，若底布织物采用棉缎组织则其平方米重量为7.5盎司/码(2.54g/m2)到9.0盎司/码(305g/m2)。这种增强织物可以经防火和防水处理。
将网格与底布织物接合起来最好的方法是在织造时进行。就如在底布织物中一样，增强网格在经纱和纬纱方向上均有纱线。在纬纱方向上的增强网格的纱线如其它纬纱一样被织入底布织物中，也就是网格纱线绕着经纱运行接着向下运动穿过底布织物的编织平面。在纬纱方向上的单根网格纱从底布织物平面的上方进入到下方并至少绕过至少一根底布织物的经纱，接着向上穿过底布织物平面，浮过至少三根底布织物经纱后，向下通过织物平面而形成这种花纹循环。在经纱方向上增强网格纱线从底布织物平面的上方进入到下方并至少绕过至少一根底布织物的纬纱，接着向上通过编织平面，浮过至少六根纬纱后，向下通过底布织物平面继续重复该花纹组织。这种编织结构形成的网格其仅在底布织物的一面清晰可见。即使对织成的增强织物进行处理，如染色或预缩整理后，网格也依然是可见的，也依然体现出本发明的增强特性。
如果增强织物仅在底布织物的一面放置，看起来就好象一张网附着在底布织物的一面一样。如果相同重量比的增强纱被整个织进底布织物中，就看不见有一个网的存在。整个织造意思为增强纤维制成的纱线取代了底布织物的经纱和纬纱。虽然将增强纱整体沿底布织物的经纱方向和纬纱方向织进也能起到增强效果，但可通过埃尔门朵夫撕破强度测试表明本发明的增强网格织物至少要比将相同重量百分比的MPD-I整体以机织或针织方式进入底布织物中形成增强织物的抗撕破强度高出20％。
本发明的详细特点以下将参照附图进行描述。图1描绘的是一种普通底布织物，这种织物组织被称作五综缎纹组织。底布织物可以是任何适宜于用作所期待用途的织物。典型的底布织物有斜纹织物，如2X1，3X1一直到10X1；平纹织物；方平织物以及针织物包括纬编织物和经编织物。
采用五综缎纹组织是最好的，因为该组织有较好的强度，经增强后可形成质轻的高度耐用的织物。缎纹织物比平纹织物更易进行有效的化学处理而获得防水和防火性能，因为平纹织物中经纱和纬纱是一隔一顺序交织在一起的。
在图III中描绘了对比织物。但在经纱和纬纱方向上底布织物中的纱线已经由增强纱所替代，增强纱被整个地织进了底布织物中。该织物的结构是与上述相同的五综缎纹组织。每十根经纱和纬纱就有一根增强纱。参看这个织物花纹，连续不断的复丝形成的增强纱在增强织物的每一边都是可见的，但看起来就象织物中其他纱线一样。
本发明的增强织物如图II所示，增强网格清晰可见，在经纱方向上，增强网格纱线靠底布织物的纬纱作用连接到底布织物上。在纬纱方向上增强网格纱织进底布织物中，具体地，增强网格纱线沿织物纬纱相同的路径向上运动，到达底布织物纬纱编织平面的上方然后又向下运动穿过编织平面。增强网格经纱，即使其处于增强织物中，也仅仅在织物的一面可见。这种网格的经纱在增强织物中不但可以与其它纱线区分开来，而且与整体织入底布织物中的纱线相比它们还相对独立于底布织物，能够更加自由的随着外加力的作用而移动。与将纱线整体织入织物相比的，这种增强网格纱的更大的活动性能够提高网格增强织物抗撕破性能。这是由于在应力最大点上，增强网格纱线会集中在一起，从而对抗撕破外力。
当增强纱和底布织物纱它们的相对强度和断裂伸长率相匹配时，增强性能尤为显著，如上面提到的，最好增强纱的强度和断裂伸长率分别是底布织物所用纱的至少1.5倍和至少2倍。这种强度与断裂伸长率的结合使用对于增加增强织物的强度和韧性是重要的。相匹配的几对增强纱和底布织物纱为MPD-I和棉，尼龙和棉，涤纶和棉。通常来说，由天然纤维编织的底布织物，尤其是棉，能够与合成纤维如MPD-I，尼龙或涤纶相匹配而获得较好的增强性能。
当高强度的长纤维替代了底布织物中的经纱和纬纱时，底布织物的强度会增加。因为这些高强度的纱线已经替代了底布织物的低强度纱线，织物的抗撕破强度会增加；这是因为织物中包含了更难撕破和断开的纱线。
增强网格比简单的用强度较高的纱线替换强度较低纱的纱线能获得更大的抗撕破性能。这种抗撕破强度的增加不仅仅归固于底布织物中采用了连续不断的复丝纱线。这与网格中的增强纱的存在和其活动性有关。举例
一种增强的帐篷织物按照MILC-12095G(一种五综缎纹组织)的织法采用40/2支的精梳棉编织，除此而外该织物作了如下改变，一个由增强纱Nomex T432，(由E.I.du pont de Nemours & Co.Inc生产)，200旦尼尔的连续不断的复丝织成的网格被联接到底布织物的一面。网格在编织的过程中被联接到底布织物上，如图II所示。在经纱方向，网格纱线虽没有整个编织进织物中，但却均匀地每十根经纱和纬纱就有一网格纱。在纬纱方向上，每10根经纱和纬纱就有一网格纱。
一对照织物按照MILC-12095G编织，但在底布织物花纹上每十根经纬纱就用一Nomex T432，200旦尼尔的连续不断的复丝替代，这种织物如图III中所述。
根据本发明的增强网格织物和对照织物，每种都包含重量百分比为7.7％的MPD-I增强纱。
对两种织物的性能和抗撕破强度进行对比，结果如表I所示。空气透气性由Textest type FX3300的透气性测试器(Textest AG of ZurichSwitzerland)确定。抗拉伸强度由ASTM D5034确定，抗撕破强度由ASTM D1424确定，采用埃尔门多夫测试法。
表I：增强的棉帐篷织物与其对照织物的特性和性能的比较，抗拉强度和抗撕破强度在经向和纬向都作了比较。
        性能                      织物种类
                            增强网格    对照织物
重量oz/yd2                    7.4         7.3
经纱数×纬纱数             100×85     100×85
MPD-I占织物重量百分比％        7.7         7.7
断裂强度，磅经向/纬向       107/93      108/93
撕破强度，磅经向/纬向        20/20       15/15
增强织物按照MILC-12095G的需要涂覆防水防火层。下文的对比性能已经被测试。
表II：具有涂层的增强棉帐篷织物与具有涂层的对照织物的性能和特性的对比。抗拉强度和抗撕破强度在经向和纬向都作了比较。织物涂层是根据MILC-12095G来获得的。
      性能                   织物种类
                        增强网格    对照织物
重量oz/yd2                7.4         7.3
经纱数×纬纱数          97×74      94×76
MPD-I占织物重量百分比％    7.7         7.7
断裂强度，磅经向/纬向   125/88      125/79
撕破强度，磅经向/纬向    28/40       13/10
空气透气率cu.ft/min/ft2  11.4         9.8

Claims (10)

1、一种增强织物其包括一底布织物和一个增强网格，其中所述增强网格的纱线至少在底布织物的一面一些相隔开的点上偶尔与底布织物联接起来，所述增强网格每英寸内的纱线根数至少要比底布织物每英寸内的纱线根数少15％，该增强网格与底布织物联接在一起，由此得到的增强织物的强度，经埃尔门朵夫撕破强度测试表明，比将相同重量百分比的同样的增强纱线整体织进地织物中而形成的织物的强度至少高20％。
2、如权利要求1所述的增强织物，其中增强网格与底布织物连接在一起，网格的纱线在经纱方向和纬纱方向上每英寸放置5-15根，网格纱线与底布织物的连接点在经纱方向或纬纱方向上为每英寸4-30个。
3、如权利要求1所述的增强织物，其中增强网格包括强度至少为底布织物纱线强度的1.5倍，伸长率至少为底布织物纱线的2倍的纱线。
4、如权利要求1所述的增强织物，其中底布织物采用棉缎组织，其重量为7.5-9.0oz/yd2，经纱方向上每英寸至少75根纱线而在纬纱方向上至少每英寸35根纱线，所述的增强网格的纱线为聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)连续复合长丝，在经纱和纬纱方向上每英寸中含有5-15根这样的纱线。
5、如权利要求4所述的增强织物，其中的棉底布织物可进行防水和防火处理。
6、-种增强织物其包括底布织物和增强纱线，其中底布织物在经纱方向和纬纱方向分别进行经纱和纬纱编织，而增强纱在纬纱方向重复进行以下运动，向下运动到底布织物的下边绕过至少一根纬纱后在底布织物的上面浮过至少3根纬纱，在经纱方向的增强纱线循环地进行如下运动，向下运动到底布织物下面，绕过至少一根经纱，在底布织物上面浮过至少6根经纱，其中增强纱的强度至少为底布织物纱线的1.5倍，伸长率至少为底布织物纱线的3倍。
7、如权利要求6所述的增强织物，其中增强网格包括强度至少为底布织物纱线强度的1.5倍，伸长率至少为底布织物纱线的2倍的纱线。
8、如权利要求6所述的增强织物，其中增强网格与底布织物连接在一起，网格的纱线在经纱方向和纬纱方向上每英寸放置5-15根，网格纱线与底布织物的连接点在经纱方向或纬纱方向上为每英寸4-30个。
9、如权利要求6所述的增强织物，其中底布织物采用棉缎组织，其重量为7.5-9.0oz/yd2，经纱方向上每英寸至少75根纱线而在纬纱方向上至少每英寸35根纱线，所述的增强网格的纱线为聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)连续复合长丝，在经纱和纬纱方向上每英寸中含有5-15根这样的纱线。
10、如权利要求6所述的增强织物，其中增强织物进行防水和防火处理。
CN96191659A 1995-01-30 1996-01-24 增强织物 Expired - Fee Related CN1044922C (zh)

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