CN116965327A - Crossbreeding method of high-sugar sweet plums - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a crossbreeding method of high-sugar sweet plums, which belongs to the field of plant breeding, and takes beautiful plums as female parent and flavor emperor apricot plums as male parent, pollen is prepared by collecting fresh flowers of male parent, the pollen is pollinated after being irradiated by ultraviolet rays and sprayed with powder, so that hybrid plum seeds are obtained, the high-sugar sweet plums are screened out by planting the hybrid plum seeds, and the high-sugar sweet plums provided by the invention introduce apricot genes into plums, so that a brand new germplasm resource is obtained, and a thought is provided for subsequent plum variety development.

Description

Crossbreeding method of high-sugar sweet plums

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant breeding, in particular to a cross breeding method of high-sugar sweet plums.

Background

Plums are one of the world's important stone fruit trees, belonging to the genus prune (Prunus) of the Rosaceae (Rosaceae). In China, 88 plum varieties are autonomously bred, subjected to variety approval and formally released. Although there are various demands for improvement of varieties of plums by growers, fruit markets and consumers throughout the world, breeding traits including fruit size, fruit peel color, polyphenols, soluble solids, fruit maturity, cold resistance, disease resistance, etc. are receiving common attention. In order to meet the market demands and continuously improve the breeding means, a plurality of good varieties with good fresh food quality, long shelf life and good adaptability are bred, and the development of the plum industry is promoted. However, in recent years, there is a need to cultivate plum varieties with higher sweetness due to the change of market demands. Conventional intraspecific cross breeding has failed to meet the breeding requirements.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem of how to improve the sweetness of plums.

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a cross breeding method of high-sugar sweet plums, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: in the first year of 2 months, the prune is taken as a female parent, the apricot plum is taken as a male parent, the fresh flowers of the male parent are collected to prepare pollen, the pollen prepared by ultraviolet irradiation treatment is subjected to ultraviolet irradiation, and the pollen pollination success rate of the male parent is obviously improved;

s2: thinning flower buds of a female parent in Cheng Lei period, completely emasculating flower buds selected and reserved by all plants, pollinating the flower buds by using the pollen subjected to ultraviolet irradiation treatment in the step S1, bagging, spraying the powder for fertilization, and picking the bag after 5-10 days;

s3: picking fruits in the last ten days to the middle ten days of the first year 6, taking hybrid seeds, naturally drying the hybrid seeds in the shade, and refrigerating and preserving the hybrid seeds;

s4, accelerating germination of the hybrid seeds stored in the step S3 and cultivating hybrid seedlings in 10 months of the first year, transferring the hybrid seedlings into a sunlight greenhouse in three months of the next year, removing the hybrid seedlings from the sunlight greenhouse and planting the hybrid seedlings in a nursery when the hybrid seedlings grow to 30-55 cm, continuously cultivating the hybrid seedlings to grow into hybrid plum trees, and pruning the hybrid plum trees and protecting diseases and insect pests;

s5: the hybrid Li Shuyu flowers and fruits in the third year, and the fruits of the hybrid plum tree are taken for three years continuously to evaluate the trait system and screen out the preferred strain.

Preferably, in the step S1, when the ultraviolet irradiation is performed on the pollen, the wavelength of the ultraviolet is 254nm, and the time for irradiating the pollen is 13 to 15 minutes.

Preferably, in the step S2, the pollination agent is obtained by mixing water, EDTA, boric acid, brassin and 4-hydroxy penicillin v.

Preferably, the ratio of the water, EDTA, boric acid, brassin and 4-hydroxy penicillin V is 2000 (0.5-1): 1.8-2.4): 0.5-1): 1.8-2.4 by mass. The pollination agent provided by the invention is a brand new pollination agent, and can effectively improve the pollination success rate.

Preferably, in the step S4, the row spacing of the seedlings at the time of the planting is (0.3 to 1.0) × (1.5 to 3) m.

Preferably, in the step S4, after the hybrid seedlings are grown into hybrid plum trees, the hybrid plum trees are built, and the tree forms of the hybrid plum trees should be trimmed to be inverted umbrella shapes. The inverted umbrella-shaped tree shape can inhibit top end advantages, control the growth vigor of the plum tree, and enable the hybrid plum tree to be early fruiting.

Preferably, in the step S5, the trait system evaluation includes the following indexes:

a: fruit character, fruit stem length, fruit size, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit side observation shape, fruit symmetry, fruit bottom shape, fruit top shape, fruit stem cavity depth, fruit stem cavity width, fruit suture depth, fruit skin glossiness, fruit peel primary color, fruit dark color area, fruit peel cover color, fruit skin coating color and shape, fruit peel hole number, fruit peel hole size, fruit pulp color, fruit pulp texture, fruit pulp juice amount, fruit pulp and nuclear adhesion degree, fruit pulp fiber content;

b: flower character: the length of the pedicel, the size of the corolla, the state of stacked petals, the shape of the flower and the length of the petals;

c: resistance: cold resistance, bacterial perforin disease resistance, gummosis disease resistance.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the Weidi apricot plums are taken as male parents and the Meilin plums are taken as female parents, and the male parent pollen is irradiated by ultraviolet rays, so that finally the Weidi apricot Li Ke is hybridized with the traditional plum variety, and then the apricot genes are introduced into the common plum variety, so that the sweetness of the offspring plums is improved, a new germplasm resource is obtained, and the development of the next-generation plum variety is facilitated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the fruit and beauty Li Xingzhuang of PL2019CL02 according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 2 is a graph comparing the pulp morphology of PL2019CL02 with the pulp morphology of prune in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of embodiments of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the implementation method and typical parameters of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the parameters described in the present invention, so that reasonable variations are introduced and still fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

It should be noted that endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and that such range or value should be understood to include values approaching such range or value. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

Example 1

According to the mass parts, 1 part of EDTA,2 parts of boric acid, 1 part of brassin and 2 parts of 4-hydroxy penicillin V are taken, and the reagent is added into 2000 parts of water for dissolution, so as to obtain the powder.

Example 2

In 2 months in 2019, 10 prunes are selected as female parents, 2 prunes of the emperor apricot tree are selected as male parents, hybridization combination is prepared, pollen is prepared from fresh flowers of the male parents, the pollen prepared by irradiation of 254nm ultraviolet rays is used for 15min, flower bud thinning operation is carried out on the female parents in Cheng Lei period, all stamens of the female parent flower buds are removed, pollination is carried out by using the pollen treated by the ultraviolet rays, the powder prepared in example 1 is sprayed, bag picking and continuous culture are carried out after seven days, fruits are harvested only in 6 months in 2019, seeds are harvested after the fruits are ripe, and the harvested hybrid seeds are refrigerated after natural drying in the shade.

Example 3

10 months 2019, the refrigerated hybrid seeds in example 2 were germinated in a climatic chamber, and the germinated hybrid seeds were sown in a 16cm diameter nutrition pot in a climatic chamber to cultivate seedlings.

Transferring seedlings from a climatic chamber to a sunlight greenhouse in 3 months in 2020, transferring the seedlings from the sunlight greenhouse to a primary nursery for a general forest biological breeding test base when the seedlings grow to be hybrid seedlings with the plant height of about 40cm, setting the planting interval of 15 plants of the co-transferred hybrid seedlings to be 0.5X2m, trimming crowns of the hybrid plum trees in the growth process of the hybrid seedlings, enabling the tree shapes of the hybrid plum trees to be inverted umbrella-shaped, and simultaneously carrying out fertilizer and water management and pest control.

Example 4

In example 3, the hybrid Li Shuyu blooms and results in 2021, and the shape system evaluation is performed on the single plants obtained in all hybrid plum trees from 2021 to 2023 for three consecutive years, the evaluation criteria are referred to the "description Specification and data Standard of plum germplasm resources", the hybrid plum tree is initially selected according to the evaluation data of 3 years and the field observation results, and the trait evaluation includes the following traits:

(1) Fruit traits: the fruit stem is long, large, small, longitudinal, transverse, lateral, side view shape, symmetry, bottom shape, top shape, stem cavity depth, stem cavity width, suture line depth, skin luster, primary color of peel, area of a color-rich region, peel cover color, color and shape of fruit skin coating vein, number of skin holes, size of skin holes, color of pulp, pulp texture, pulp juice, pulp and nuclear adhesion degree and pulp fiber.

(2) Flower character: the length of the pedicel, the size of the corolla, the state of folding and separating petals, the shape, the length and the shape.

(3) Resistance: cold resistance, bacterial perforation disease, gummosis.

And screening and inquiring by adopting Microsoft Office Excel software according to phenotype values obtained by investigation of each trait 2022-2023, and carrying out primary selection of the actual tree by combining field observation results.

Selection criteria:

(1) The soluble solid content is more than or equal to 18%;

(2) Good fresh eating property;

(3) High yield and disease resistance;

(4) At least 2 years of data are substantially consistent.

Through the selection, 3 primary selection lines are obtained, wherein PL2019CL02 (Prunus humilis. Times. Wei Di Xingshi Li) ripens in the middle and upper ten days of 6 to 7 months of Yunnan, the average single fruit weight is 20 to 60g, the fruit shape is heart-shaped, the content of soluble solids is 18.2 to 22.0 percent, and the pulp is low in acid or acid-free. The meat quality is fine, the flavor is sweet, and the fresh food is excellent. The axillary flower bud has strong fruiting ability and high yield. Anti gummosis and bacterial perforation. The excellent individual PL2019CL02 was entered into a check test as a primary selection line. The characters of the excellent single plant PL2019CL02 and the female parent prune are compared as follows:

PL2019CL02 has average single fruit weight of 43.5g, belongs to small fruits, has average fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters of 36.428mm and 37.01mm respectively, has a sharp-angle heart shape, is yellow-green in peel color, has a large area of a concentrated color area, is purple red in peel cover color, has a large number of medium size and large number of fruit skin holes, has red pulp color, has soft pulp, has a lot of juice, has sweet and sour flavor, has no astringency, has 18.2 percent of soluble solid, and has 0.48 percent of titratable acid content of PL2019CL02;

the average single fruit weight of the prune is 43g, the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the prune are 30.97mm and 32.394mm respectively, the prune is round, the primary color of the pericarp is yellow, the color of the pericarp is medium red, the small number of the pericarp holes of the prune is medium to large, the color of the pulp is yellow, the soluble solid is 14.9%, and the acid content is 0.35% in the prune Li Ke titration.

In conclusion, the practicality of PL2019CL02 is significantly better than that of maternal prune.

In the drawings of the specification, fig. 1 is a diagram comparing fruits of PL2019CL02 with beauty Li Xingzhuang, wherein the lower side is prune and the upper side is PL2019CL02;

fig. 2 is a graph comparing the pulp morphology of PL2019CL02 with the pulp morphology of prune, wherein the upper side is prune and the lower side is PL2019CL02.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms, symbols and other scientific terms used herein are intended to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In some cases, terms with commonly understood meanings are defined herein for either clarity or for ease of reference, such definitions herein should not be construed to represent a significant departure from the conventional understanding in the art. The technical methods described or cited herein are generally well known to those skilled in the art and are employed by conventional methods. Unless otherwise indicated, the use of the kits and reagents, instruments, which are commercially available, are carried out according to the protocols and parameters given by the manufacturer.

Although the present disclosure is described above, the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The crossbreeding method of the high-sugar sweet plums is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1: in the first year 2 months, using prune as female parent and prune as male parent, collecting fresh flower of male parent to prepare pollen, and UV-radiating to obtain the invented pollen;

s2: thinning flower buds of a female parent in Cheng Lei period, completely emasculating flower buds selected and reserved by all plants, pollinating the flower buds by using the pollen subjected to ultraviolet irradiation treatment in the step S1, bagging, spraying the powder for fertilization, and picking the bag after 5-10 days;

s3: picking fruits in the last ten days to the middle ten days of the first year 6, taking hybrid seeds, naturally drying the hybrid seeds in the shade, and refrigerating and preserving the hybrid seeds;

s4, accelerating germination of the hybrid seeds stored in the step S3 and cultivating hybrid seedlings in 10 months of the first year, transferring the hybrid seedlings into a sunlight greenhouse in 3 months of the next year, removing the hybrid seedlings from the sunlight greenhouse and planting the hybrid seedlings in a nursery when the hybrid seedlings grow to 30-55 cm, continuously cultivating the hybrid seedlings to grow into hybrid plum trees, and pruning the hybrid plum trees and protecting diseases and insect pests;

s5: the hybrid Li Shuyu flowers and fruits in the third year, and the fruits of the hybrid plum tree are taken for three years continuously to evaluate the trait system and screen out the preferred strain.

2. The method for cross-breeding high sugar sweet plums according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the ultraviolet light is irradiated with the pollen at a wavelength of 254nm for 13 to 15 minutes.

3. The method for cross-breeding high sugar sweet plums according to claim 1, wherein the pollination agent is obtained by mixing water, EDTA, boric acid, brassin and 4-hydroxy penicillin v in step S2.

4. The cross breeding method of high sugar sweet plums according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of water, EDTA, boric acid, brassin and 4-hydroxy penicillin V is 2000 (0.5-1): 1.8-2.4): 0.5-1): 1.8-2.4 by mass.

5. The method for cross-breeding high sugar sweet plums according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the pitch of seedlings in the field planting is (0.3 to 1.0) × (1.5 to 3) m.

6. The method for cross-breeding high sugar sweet plums according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, after the hybrid seedlings are grown into hybrid plums, the hybrid plums are constructed, and the tree forms of the hybrid plums are trimmed to be inverted umbrella shapes.

7. The method for cross-breeding high sugar sweet plums according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the trait system evaluation includes the following indexes:

a: fruit character, fruit stem length, fruit size, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit side observation shape, fruit symmetry, fruit bottom shape, fruit top shape, fruit stem cavity depth, fruit stem cavity width, fruit suture depth, fruit skin glossiness, fruit peel primary color, fruit dark color area, fruit peel cover color, fruit skin coating color and shape, fruit peel hole number, fruit peel hole size, fruit pulp color, fruit pulp texture, fruit pulp juice amount, fruit pulp and nuclear adhesion degree, fruit pulp fiber content;

b: flower character: the length of the pedicel, the size of the corolla, the state of stacked petals, the shape of the flower and the length of the petals;

c: resistance: cold resistance, bacterial perforin disease resistance, gummosis disease resistance.