CN116960401A - Supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system - Google Patents
Supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 79
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system which comprises an SOFC fuel cell, a separator, a combustor, an ammonia compressor, an anode recirculation system and a tail gas supercharging system, wherein an air outlet of the ammonia compressor is communicated with an anode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell and is used for conveying pressurized ammonia gas into a cell anode, an anode outlet of the SOFC fuel cell is communicated with an inlet of the separator, a first outlet of the separator is communicated with an inlet of the anode recirculation system, a second outlet of the separator is communicated with an inlet of the combustor, a first outlet of the tail gas supercharging system is communicated with a cathode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell and is used for introducing pressurized air into a cell cathode, a cathode outlet of the SOFC fuel cell is communicated with the combustor inlet, and a combustor outlet is communicated with an inlet of the tail gas supercharging system. The invention uses energy sourcesIs recycled and reused, improves the electrical efficiency and the electrical efficiency of the systemEfficiency, and performance of various elements of the system in the high altitude state were tested.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation power, and particularly relates to a supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system.
Background
An aero-power system is the "heart" of an aircraft, which is responsible for powering and controlling the flight of the aircraft. At present, the technology of aviation power mainly comprises fuel oil power and electric power. Fuel power is a widely used power form in the current commercial field, and electric power includes various forms, such as a storage battery, a fuel cell, electric transmission, and the like. Meanwhile, the carbon-free fuel is an ideal energy source which is most favored by people, and is also the main direction of research by people, such as hydrogen power, solar power, wind power and the like.
The development of the current zero-carbon fuel aviation system has made great progress, but the energy density and the service life of the battery still have certain defects; the fuel utilization rate of the battery is low, and the energy waste condition is serious. These problems require further optimization and improvement.
In view of the above, there is a need for a new type of carbon-free fuel hybrid aero-power system that ameliorates the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a supercharged anode tail gas recycling zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system, which improves the electrical efficiency and the electrical efficiency of the system by recycling energy sourcesEfficiency, and performance of various elements of the system in the high altitude state were tested.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system comprises an SOFC fuel cell, a separator, a combustor, an ammonia compressor, an anode recirculation system and a tail gas supercharging system, wherein an air outlet of the ammonia compressor is communicated with an anode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell and is used for conveying pressurized ammonia gas into a cell anode, an anode outlet of the SOFC fuel cell is communicated with an inlet of the separator, a first outlet of the separator is communicated with an inlet of the anode recirculation system, a second outlet of the separator is communicated with an inlet of the combustor, a first outlet of the tail gas supercharging system is communicated with a cathode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell and is used for introducing pressurized air into a cell cathode, a cathode outlet of the SOFC fuel cell is communicated with the inlet of the combustor, and an outlet of the combustor is communicated with an inlet of the tail gas supercharging system.
Further, the anode recycling system comprises a condenser, a blowing machine and a mixer, wherein a first outlet of the separator is communicated with an inlet of the condenser and is used for liquefying and discharging water vapor in anode tail gas, an outlet of the condenser is communicated with an inlet of the blowing machine, an outlet of the blowing machine is communicated with the first inlet of the mixer, and a second inlet of the mixer is communicated with an air outlet of the ammonia compressor and is used for mixing the anode tail gas with water removed with pressurized ammonia gas and then introducing the mixture into an anode of the SOFC fuel cell.
Further, the device also comprises a fourth heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, wherein a hot flow inlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with a first outlet of the separator, a cold flow inlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with an air outlet of the ammonia compressor for preheating high-pressure ammonia, and a cold flow outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with an anode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell; the hot flow outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the hot flow inlet of the fourth heat exchanger, the cold flow inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is communicated with the first outlet of the tail gas supercharging system and is used for preheating high-pressure air, and the hot flow outlet of the fourth heat exchanger is communicated with the inlet of the condenser.
Further, the device also comprises a third heat exchanger, a second outlet of the tail gas pressurizing system is communicated with a hot flow inlet of the third heat exchanger, an outlet of the mixer is communicated with a cold flow inlet of the third heat exchanger and is used for preheating high-pressure ammonia gas, and a cold flow outlet of the third heat exchanger is communicated with a cold flow inlet of the second heat exchanger.
Further, the tail gas supercharging system comprises an air compressor, a first heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger and a turbocharger, wherein an outlet of the combustor is communicated with a hot flow inlet of the first heat exchanger, an outlet of the air compressor is communicated with a cold flow inlet of the first heat exchanger and is used for preheating high-pressure air, a hot flow outlet of the first heat exchanger is communicated with an air inlet of the turbocharger and is used for driving the turbocharger to do work by utilizing residual pressure of combustion tail gas to drive the air compressor to compress air, and a cold flow outlet of the first heat exchanger is communicated with a cathode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell; the air outlet of the turbocharger is communicated with the hot flow inlet of the third heat exchanger, the air outlet of the ammonia compressor is communicated with the cold flow inlet of the third heat exchanger and used for preheating high-pressure ammonia, and the cold flow outlet of the third heat exchanger is communicated with the anode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell.
Further, the high-pressure air preheating device further comprises a fourth heat exchanger, a first outlet of the separator is communicated with a hot flow inlet of the fourth heat exchanger, an air outlet of the air compressor is communicated with a cold flow inlet of the fourth heat exchanger and used for preheating high-pressure air, and a cold flow outlet of the fourth heat exchanger is communicated with a cold flow inlet of the first heat exchanger.
Further, the device also comprises a second heat exchanger, wherein a cold flow outlet of the third heat exchanger is communicated with a cold flow inlet of the second heat exchanger, a first outlet of the separator is communicated with a hot flow inlet of the second heat exchanger and is used for preheating high-pressure ammonia, and a cold flow outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with an anode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell.
Further, the turbocharger is connected with a generator.
Further, the SOFC fuel cell is connected to an inverter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a supercharged anode tail gas recycling zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system, which is characterized in that a separator is utilized to divide the tail gas at the anode outlet of a battery into two parts, one part of the tail gas at the anode outlet is recycled through an anode recycling system and is mixed with high-pressure ammonia gas from an ammonia compressor to be commonly introduced into an SOFC fuel battery anode, so that unreacted gas in the tail gas at the anode outlet is reacted again, the fuel utilization rate is improved, the output current and the output power of the battery are improved, and the electrical efficiency of the system is further improved; the other part of anode outlet tail gas and cathode tail gas are jointly led into a combustor for combustion, the tail gas after combustion is led into a tail gas pressurizing system for pressurizing air, the current density in the cell is reduced by improving the pressure of reaction air, the polarization voltage loss of the fuel cell is reduced, the effective voltage of the cell is improved, and the electrical efficiency of the cell is improved;
the invention also realizes the recovery of the heat of the anode tail gas and the combustion chamber tail gas through the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger, and utilizes the heat of the anode tail gas and the combustion chamber tail gas to perform two-stage preheating on the reaction gas entering the anode and the cathode of the SOFC fuel cell, thereby improving the reaction temperature in the cell and accelerating the reaction rate; it may also help to evenly distribute the fuel gas in the fuel cell unit, which may improve cell efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pressurized anode tail gas recirculation zero carbon fuel hybrid aero-power system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a hybrid aircraft power system with nodes labeled with temperature and pressure identifiers;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the effect of altitude on battery temperature gradient, voltage, and battery pack power;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the effect of altitude on turbocharger input temperature and final exhaust temperature;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the effect of altitude on heat sink performance;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the effect of altitude on turbocharger power and air compressor power;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the effect of altitude on system power and total power;
fig. 8 is altitude vs. battery efficiency andthe effect of efficiency is schematically illustrated.
In the accompanying drawings: 1. an air compressor; 2. a fourth heat exchanger; 3. a first heat exchanger; 4. SOFC fuel cells; 5. an inverter; 6. a separator; 7. a combustion chamber; 8. an ammonia compressor; 9. a mixer; 10. a third heat exchanger; 11. a second heat exchanger; 12. a condenser; 13. a blowing machine; 14. a turbocharger; 15. and (5) a generator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system, which comprises a tail gas supercharging system, an SOFC fuel cell 4, an inverter 5, a separator 6, a combustor 7, an ammonia compressor 8, an anode recirculation system and a generator 15;
wherein: the gas outlet of the ammonia compressor 8 is communicated with the anode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell 4, the anode outlet of the SOFC fuel cell 4 is communicated with the inlet of the separator 6, and the first outlet of the separator 6 is communicated with the inlet of the anode recycling system to mix the gas which does not participate in the reaction in the anode tail gas with the ammonia from the ammonia compressor 8 and then to be led into the anode of the SOFC fuel cell 4 again;
the exhaust supercharging system air outlet is communicated with the cathode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell 4 and is used for introducing high-pressure air into the cathode of the SOFC fuel cell 4, the second outlet of the separator 6 is communicated with the inlet of the combustor 7, the cathode outlet of the SOFC fuel cell 4 is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber 7, the outlet of the combustion chamber 7 is communicated with the inlet of the exhaust supercharging system, on one hand, the exhaust supercharging system recovers the exhaust heat to generate electricity, on the other hand, the introduced air is pressurized to enable the air to reduce the current density when the SOFC fuel cell 4 reacts inside, the polarization loss is reduced, and the cell efficiency is improved.
The anode recycling system comprises a second heat exchanger 11, a fourth heat exchanger 2, a condenser 12, a blower 13 and a mixer 9, water in anode tail gas and hydrogen which does not participate in electrochemical reaction enter the separator 6 to be split, a first outlet of the separator 6 is communicated with a heat flow inlet of the second heat exchanger 11, a heat flow outlet of the second heat exchanger 11 is communicated with a heat flow inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 2, a heat flow outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 2 is communicated with an inlet of the condenser 12, water vapor in the anode tail gas is liquefied and discharged in the condenser 12, an outlet of the condenser 12 is communicated with an inlet of the blower 13, an outlet of the blower 13 is communicated with a first inlet of the mixer 9 to be used for leading the anode tail gas with water removed into an anode of the SOFC fuel cell 4, and the hydrogen in the anode tail gas is participated in the anode reaction again to form anode recycling.
The tail gas supercharging system comprises an air compressor 1 and a turbocharger 14, wherein an air outlet of the air compressor 1 is communicated with a cold flow inlet of a fourth heat exchanger 2, a cold flow outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 2 is communicated with a cold flow inlet of a first heat exchanger 3, a cold flow outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is communicated with a cathode inlet of an SOFC fuel cell 4 to send air into a cathode of the SOFC fuel cell 4, an inlet of a combustor 7 is communicated with a cathode outlet of the SOFC fuel cell 4 and a second outlet of a separator 6, unreacted air and partial hydrogen and nitrogen in tail gas of the SOFC fuel cell 4 enter a combustion chamber 7 to be combusted, an outlet of the combustor 7 is communicated with a hot flow inlet of the first heat exchanger 3, a hot flow outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is communicated with an air inlet of the turbocharger 14, an air outlet of the turbocharger 14 is communicated with a hot flow inlet of a third heat exchanger 10 to be used for carrying out primary preheating on fuel for the SOFC anode reaction by adopting tail gas and simultaneously cooling down the tail gas to be discharged to the atmosphere, so that environmental pollution is reduced; in the tail gas supercharging system, a turbocharger 14 utilizes the residual pressure of tail gas to do work to drive an air compressor to realize supercharging;
preferably, the invention also adopts an anode recycling system and a tail gas pressurizing system to preheat the air and ammonia entering the SOFC fuel cell 4, and the reaction temperature in the cell can be increased and the reaction rate can be accelerated by preheating the fuel; it may also help to evenly distribute the fuel gas in the fuel cell unit, which may improve cell efficiency. The specific process is as follows:
the air outlet of the air compressor 1 is communicated with the cold flow inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 2, the cold flow outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the cold flow inlet of the first heat exchanger 3, the cold flow outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is communicated with the cathode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell 4, the compressed air is subjected to primary preheating through anode tail gas introduced into the fourth heat exchanger 2, the compressed air is subjected to secondary preheating through tail gas introduced into the first heat exchanger 3 after combustion, the temperature rises from 240 ℃ to about 750 ℃ after the secondary preheating, the reaction gas is greatly promoted to overcome the activation energy, and the oxidation-reduction reaction is accelerated.
The gas outlet of the ammonia compressor 8 is communicated with the second inlet of the mixer 9, the outlet of the mixer 9 is communicated with the cold flow inlet of the third heat exchanger 10, the cold flow outlet of the third heat exchanger 10 is communicated with the cold flow inlet of the second heat exchanger 11, the cold flow inlet of the second heat exchanger 11 is communicated with the inlet of the anode of the SOFC fuel cell 4, the compressed ammonia gas is subjected to primary preheating through the tail gas of the turbocharger 14 which is introduced into the third heat exchanger 10, and the compressed ammonia gas is subjected to secondary preheating through the anode tail gas which is introduced into the second heat exchanger 11.
The invention relates to a supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system, which comprises the following specific steps:
the air compressed by the air compressor 1 enters the cathode of the SOFC fuel cell 4 after being preheated by two stages of the fourth heat exchanger 2 and the first heat exchanger 3;
ammonia gas compressed by the ammonia compressor 8 is sent to the anode of the SOFC fuel cell 4 after being preheated by two stages of a third heat exchanger 10 and a second heat exchanger 11 after passing through the mixer 9;
the SOFC fuel cell 4 is connected to the inverter 5, and the dc current generated by the SOFC fuel cell 4 is converted into ac current by the inverter 5 and outputted.
After being shunted by the separator 6, the anode tail gas of the SOFC fuel cell 4 enters a condenser 12 for water removal after two-stage heat exchange by a second heat exchanger 11 and a fourth heat exchanger 2, and then enters a mixer 9 by a blower 13, ammonia gas compressed by an ammonia compressor 8 enters the mixer 9 and is mixed with the anode tail gas of the SOFC fuel cell 4 after treatment to obtain mixed gas, and the mixed gas is sent to the anode of the SOFC fuel cell 4 after two-stage preheating by a third heat exchanger 10 and the second heat exchanger 11;
the anode tail gas of the other SOFC fuel cell 4 separated by the separator 6 is mixed with the cathode tail gas of the SOFC fuel cell 4 and is introduced into the combustion chamber 7 for combustion, the combusted gas is sent into the turbocharger 14 after heat exchange by the first heat exchanger 3, and the turbocharger turbine 14 generates work to drive the air compressor 1 to realize supercharging; the tail gas remained after the turbocharger 14 does work is led into the third heat exchanger 10 for heat exchange and then discharged to the atmosphere.
As shown in fig. 2, after air is compressed in the air compressor 1 from the ambient state (1 bar,25 ℃), the heat of the anode off-gas (4.1 bar,233 ℃) is absorbed in the fourth heat exchanger 2, and then enters the first heat exchanger 3 for preheating (4 bar,750 ℃) and then enters the cathode of the battery for reaction.
Ammonia is compressed in an ammonia compressor (4.2 bar,71 ℃) from ambient conditions (1 bar,25 ℃) and mixed with the gas recirculated to the anode in a mixer 9, and then enters a third heat exchanger 10 to absorb the heat of the exhaust gas (4.1 bar,255 ℃) and enters a second heat exchanger 11 to be preheated (4 bar,750 ℃) and then enters the anode of the battery to participate in the reaction.
The reforming reaction of ammonia and the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen take place inside the cell:
the direct current generated inside the battery is converted into alternating current by the inverter 5.
Due to the limited fuel utilization, the mixture of the exhaust gas after the anode reaction and the unreacted hydrogen (4 bar,811 ℃) is split in the separator 6 into two parts, one part of which is burnt with the cathode exhaust gas into the combustion chamber 7 and the other part of which participates in the anode recycling. The waste gas enters the combustion chamber 7 for combustion (3.8 bar,943 ℃) and enters the first heat exchanger 3 for preheating before the air enters the cathode, then the waste gas (3.7 bar,478 ℃) drives the turbocharger 14 to do work by utilizing the residual pressure of the tail gas to drive the air compressor 1 to realize supercharging, and finally the waste gas is precooled in the third heat exchanger 10 for depressurization (1 bar,226 ℃) and then is discharged into the atmosphere.
The other part enters the second heat exchanger 11 to provide heat (3.9 bar,325 ℃) for preheating the fuel. Then the mixture enters a fourth heat exchanger 2 for precooling (3.8 bar,218 ℃), the precooled mixture enters a condenser 12, water vapor in the mixture is liquefied into water to flow out, and residual nitrogen and ammonia (3.7 bar,30 ℃) in the mixture are sprayed into a mixer 9 (4.2 bar,40 ℃) to be reacted with fresh ammonia again by a jet engine 13 after being cooled, so that the fuel utilization rate is improved, and the electric efficiency of the whole system is improved.
The working principle and innovation points of the system of the embodiment of the invention comprise: air is compressed by the air compressor 1 and enters the fourth heat exchanger 2 for primary preheating, and then enters the first heat exchanger 3 for secondary preheating (the compressed air obtains heat provided by the combustion of tail gas from the combustion chamber 7), and finally enters the cathode of the SOFC fuel cell 4. The ammonia is compressed by an ammonia compressor 8 and then mixed with gas in a mixer 9, the mixed gas is subjected to primary preheating by utilizing waste gas in a third heat exchanger 10, the waste gas in the third heat exchanger 10 is cooled and then discharged, and the mixed gas after primary preheating is subjected to secondary preheating by anode tail gas in a second heat exchanger 11 and then enters the anode of the SOFC fuel cell 4.
The ammonia in the SOFC fuel cell 4 is reformed and decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen, and then most of the hydrogen in the anode and oxygen in the air in the cathode are electrochemically reacted to generate direct current, and the direct current is converted into alternating current through an inverter.
The separator 6, connected to the anode, divides the reacted gas and unreacted hydrogen into two parts, one part entering the combustion chamber 7 and the other part participating in the anode recirculation. After the waste gas from the cathode and the anode in the combustion chamber 7 provides heat for the first heat exchanger 3, the residual pressure drives the turbocharger 14 to do work to drive the air compressor 1 to realize supercharging, and the tail gas of the turbocharger 14 is cooled and depressurized by the third heat exchanger 10 and then discharged to the atmosphere after reaching the standard capable of being discharged.
The part participating in the recycling of the anode is preheated by ammonia in the second heat exchanger 11, then preheated by air in the fourth heat exchanger 2, and enters a condenser, and the condenser liquefies water vapor in the mixed gas and then discharges the water vapor, namely, the residual nitrogen and hydrogen in the mixed gas enter a mixer 9 to be mixed with fresh ammonia to be reacted again.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention disclosesA supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system comprises an SOFC fuel cell power generation part, a tail gas supercharging part and an anode exhaust gas recirculation part. Ammonia and air enter the SOFC fuel cell after being compressed and preheated by a heat exchanger to generate electricity through electrochemical reaction. And after part of unreacted hydrogen enters a combustion chamber to be combusted, the turbine of the turbocharger does work to drive the air compressor 1 to realize supercharging. The turbocharger 14 removes waste heat to the third heat exchanger to transfer heat to the ammonia fuel and then to the atmosphere. The invention discloses a self-pressurizing anode tail gas recirculation SOFC system using ammonia as fuel. The electrical efficiency of the SOFC system using ammonia as fuel reaches 70.15%,the efficiency reaches 65.73 percent. The carbon dioxide emission is zero, and the aim of green power generation is fulfilled. And the system structure is relatively simple, and the requirements of the aviation field on the performance of the battery can be met.
A mathematical model of the self-pressurizing anode exhaust gas recirculation SOFC system was established to predict system performance. In addition, the variation of the cell performance of the ammonia-fueled self-pressurizing anode exhaust gas recirculation SOFC system, the parameters of the auxiliary elements, and the performance of the overall system in combination with anode recirculation as the working altitude increases was analyzed.
Referring to fig. 3, as the altitude increases, the temperature gradient, voltage and battery power of the battery decrease, and at an altitude of 7km, the temperature gradient, voltage and battery power decrease to 3.9 ℃/cm, 0.91V and 2171.4kW, respectively. The temperature gradient, voltage and battery power were reduced by 1.21 c/cm, 0.02V, and 47.8kW, respectively, compared to 5.11 c/cm, 0.93V, and 2219.2kW, respectively, on plain.
Referring to FIG. 4, the turbocharger input temperature and the final exhaust temperature decrease with increasing altitude. During the elevation from flat rise to 7km high, the input temperature was reduced from 494 ℃ to 444 ℃ and the exhaust temperature was reduced from 113 ℃ to 80 ℃.
Referring to fig. 5, the temperatures of the first, second and third heat exchangers decrease with increasing altitude, and the temperature of the fourth heat exchanger increases with increasing altitude. In the process of increasing the altitude from 0m to 7km, the first, second and third heat exchangers respectively decrease from 143 ℃, 51 ℃, 41 ℃ to 131 ℃, 39 ℃ and 4.6 ℃ respectively; and the fourth radiator rises from 36 c to 42 c.
Referring to FIG. 6, turbocharger power and air compressor power decrease with increasing altitude, from 347kW and 302kW down to 289kW and 270kW, respectively, as altitude increases from 0m to 7 km. The gas pump power and the jet power increased with altitude from 38kW and 13kW to 41kW and 28kW, respectively.
Referring to fig. 7, as altitude increases from 0m to 7km, the turbocharger system power to total power ratio decreases from 0.0202 to 0.0093 and the system total power decreases from 2213kW to 2122kW.
Referring to fig. 8, as altitude increases, system energy efficiency decreases from 0.77 to 0.74,efficiency drops from 0.72 to 0.69; LCOE (cost per unit power generation) increases from 0.13$/kWh to 0.14$/kWh.
In summary, when the altitude rises to 7km, the main performance index of the system is not changed greatly, which indicates that the system has better high-altitude performance, can ensure the energy supply of the aircraft working at high altitude, and simultaneously realizes the environmental protection requirement of zero carbon pollution.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero carbon fuel hybrid power system, a serial communication port, including SOFC fuel cell (4), separator (6), combustor (7), ammonia compressor (8), positive pole recycle system and tail gas booster system, wherein, the gas outlet of ammonia compressor (8) is used for sending pressurized ammonia into the battery positive pole with SOFC fuel cell (4)'s positive pole import intercommunication, SOFC fuel cell (4)'s positive pole export and separator (6) import intercommunication, separator (6) first export and positive pole recycle system import intercommunication, separator (6) second export and combustor (7) import intercommunication, SOFC fuel cell (4) first export and SOFC fuel cell (4) negative pole import intercommunication are used for letting in the pressurized air to the battery negative pole, SOFC fuel cell (4) negative pole export and combustor (7) import intercommunication, SOFC fuel cell (7) export and tail gas booster system import intercommunication.
2. The supercharged anode tail gas recycling zero-carbon fuel hybrid aero power system according to claim 1, wherein the anode recycling system comprises a condenser (12), a blower (13) and a mixer (9), a first outlet of the separator (6) is communicated with an inlet of the condenser (12) for liquefying and discharging water vapor in the anode tail gas, an outlet of the condenser (12) is communicated with an inlet of the blower (13), an outlet of the blower (13) is communicated with a first inlet of the mixer (9), a second inlet of the mixer (9) is communicated with an air outlet of the ammonia compressor (8) for mixing the anode tail gas with pressurized ammonia gas after removing water, and then introducing the anode tail gas into an anode of the SOFC fuel cell (4).
3. The supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aero power system of claim 1, further comprising a fourth heat exchanger (2) and a second heat exchanger (11), wherein a hot flow inlet of the second heat exchanger (11) is communicated with a first outlet of the separator (6), a cold flow inlet of the second heat exchanger (11) is communicated with an air outlet of the ammonia compressor (8) for preheating high-pressure ammonia gas, and a cold flow outlet of the second heat exchanger (11) is communicated with an anode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell (4); the heat flow outlet of the second heat exchanger (11) is communicated with the heat flow inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (2), the cold flow inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (2) is communicated with the first outlet of the tail gas supercharging system and is used for preheating high-pressure air, and the heat flow outlet of the fourth heat exchanger (2) is communicated with the inlet of the condenser (12).
4. A supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aero-power system according to claim 3, further comprising a third heat exchanger (10), wherein the second outlet of the tail gas supercharging system is in communication with the hot flow inlet of the third heat exchanger (10), the outlet of the mixer (9) is in communication with the cold flow inlet of the third heat exchanger (10) for preheating high pressure ammonia gas, and the cold flow outlet of the third heat exchanger (10) is in communication with the cold flow inlet of the second heat exchanger (11).
5. The supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aero power system according to claim 1, wherein the tail gas supercharging system comprises an air compressor (1), a first heat exchanger (3), a third heat exchanger (10) and a turbocharger (14), an outlet of the combustor (7) is communicated with a hot fluid inlet of the first heat exchanger (3), an outlet of the air compressor (1) is communicated with a cold fluid inlet of the first heat exchanger (3) for preheating high-pressure air, a hot fluid outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is communicated with an air inlet of the turbocharger (14) for driving the turbocharger to do work by using residual pressure of combustion tail gas to drive the air compressor (1) to compress air, and a cold fluid outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is communicated with a cathode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell (4); the air outlet of the turbocharger (14) is communicated with the hot flow inlet of the third heat exchanger (10), the air outlet of the ammonia compressor (8) is communicated with the cold flow inlet of the third heat exchanger (10) for preheating high-pressure ammonia, and the cold flow outlet of the third heat exchanger (10) is communicated with the anode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell (4).
6. The supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aero-power system of claim 5, further comprising a fourth heat exchanger (2), wherein a first outlet of the separator (6) is communicated with a hot-fluid inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (2), an air outlet of the air compressor (1) is communicated with a cold-fluid inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (2) for preheating high-pressure air, and a cold-fluid outlet of the fourth heat exchanger (2) is communicated with a cold-fluid inlet of the first heat exchanger (3).
7. The supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aero-power system of claim 5, further comprising a second heat exchanger (11), wherein the cold flow outlet of the third heat exchanger (10) is in communication with the cold flow inlet of the second heat exchanger (11), the first outlet of the separator (6) is in communication with the hot flow inlet of the second heat exchanger (11) for preheating high pressure ammonia, and the cold flow outlet of the second heat exchanger (11) is in communication with the anode inlet of the SOFC fuel cell (4).
8. A supercharged anode exhaust gas recirculation zero carbon fuel hybrid aero power system as claimed in claim 5, wherein said turbocharger (14) is connected to a generator (15).
9. A supercharged anode exhaust gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aero power system according to claim 1, wherein said SOFC fuel cell (4) is connected to an inverter (5).
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| CN202310962211.2A CN116960401A (en) | 2023-08-01 | 2023-08-01 | Supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310962211.2A CN116960401A (en) | 2023-08-01 | 2023-08-01 | Supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system |
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| CN202310962211.2A Pending CN116960401A (en) | 2023-08-01 | 2023-08-01 | Supercharged anode tail gas recirculation zero-carbon fuel hybrid aviation power system |
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| CN (1) | CN116960401A (en) |
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