CN114976154B - Hybrid power system based on fuel cell and internal combustion engine and regulation and control method - Google Patents
Hybrid power system based on fuel cell and internal combustion engine and regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114976154B CN114976154B CN202210164321.XA CN202210164321A CN114976154B CN 114976154 B CN114976154 B CN 114976154B CN 202210164321 A CN202210164321 A CN 202210164321A CN 114976154 B CN114976154 B CN 114976154B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/04—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/042—Combustion air
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The present disclosure provides a hybrid system and a regulation method based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, the hybrid system including: a fuel reforming unit for reforming a carbonaceous feedstock to produce a fuel; the fuel cell unit is used for receiving fuel, enabling the fuel to electrochemically react with the first air, generating anode tail gas and first high-temperature air, and outputting first electric energy; the internal combustion engine unit is used for receiving second anode tail gas which enters the internal combustion engine unit from the anode tail gas, enabling the second anode tail gas to combust with second air, generating first high-temperature flue gas and outputting second electric energy; the turbocharging distribution regulating and controlling unit is used for recovering heat energy of the first high-temperature air and the first high-temperature flue gas and adjusting the flow ratio of the first air entering the fuel cell unit to the second air entering the internal combustion engine unit. The air flow ratio entering the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine can be timely adjusted according to the working condition of the system, and safe and efficient operation of the hybrid power system under the full working condition is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of energy technology, and more particularly, to a hybrid power system and a regulation method based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine.
Background
Efficient utilization of carbonaceous fuels remains a key technical problem in the context of dual carbon. The highest efficiency of existing thermodynamic cycle power generation devices, such as gas turbines, micro gas turbines, steam turbines, stirling engines and internal combustion engines, is limited to the carnot cycle, mostly not more than 45%, while the highest efficiency of fuel cells relying on electrochemical reactions to do work is limited to chemical equilibrium, at most around 50%.
In the process of implementing the disclosed concept, the inventor has at least the following problems in the prior art: the output ratio of the fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system cannot be effectively adjusted according to real-time user requirements, so that the system cannot operate safely and efficiently under the full working condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a hybrid system and a regulation method based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a hybrid system based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, comprising: a fuel reforming unit for reforming a carbonaceous feedstock to produce a fuel; the fuel cell unit is used for receiving the fuel, enabling the fuel to electrochemically react with the first air, generating anode tail gas and first high-temperature air, and outputting first electric energy; the internal combustion engine unit is used for receiving second anode tail gas entering the internal combustion engine unit from the anode tail gas, enabling the second anode tail gas to combust with second air, generating first high-temperature flue gas and outputting second electric energy; and the turbocharging distribution regulating and controlling unit is used for recovering the heat energy of the first high-temperature air and the first high-temperature flue gas and adjusting the flow ratio of the first air entering the fuel cell unit to the second air entering the internal combustion engine unit.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the turbo-charging distribution regulation unit is further used for generating first waste heat flue gas, and the fuel reforming unit is further used for carrying out reforming reaction by utilizing the first waste heat flue gas.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel reforming unit comprises a fan, a water pump, a mixer, and a reformer, wherein the fan is used to pressurize the carbonaceous feedstock; the water pump is used for pressurizing the reforming agent; the mixer is used for mixing the pressurized carbonaceous raw material and a reforming agent; and the reformer is used for reforming the mixed carbon-containing raw material and the reforming agent by utilizing the first waste heat flue gas to generate fuel.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the carbonaceous feedstock is natural gas and the reforming agent is water.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel reforming unit further includes a fuel regulating valve for regulating a flow rate of the carbonaceous feedstock pressurized by the blower.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel cell unit includes a fuel cell.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel cell unit further comprises an ac-dc inverter for converting the first electrical energy generated by the fuel cell into an ac-current.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the internal combustion engine unit includes an internal combustion engine and a generator, and the second anode tail gas and the second air are combusted in the internal combustion engine to push the generator to generate the second electric energy.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the internal combustion engine unit further comprises a mixer for mixing the second anode off-gas with the second air and delivering the mixed second anode off-gas with the second air into the internal combustion engine.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the turbocharged air distribution regulating unit includes: the flue gas turbine is used for recovering heat energy of the first high-temperature flue gas, and the first high-temperature flue gas expands to do work so as to push the air booster to compress air; the air turbine is used for recovering heat energy of the first high-temperature air, and the first high-temperature air expands to do work to push the air booster to compress air. The air booster is arranged between the flue gas turbine and the air turbine and is coaxial with the flue gas turbine and the air turbine, and is used for generating compressed air; and the motor is coaxial with the air booster and is used for consuming electric power to drive the air booster when the motor is started or when the expansion work of the flue gas turbine and the air turbine cannot meet the requirement of compressed air.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the turbo charge distribution regulating unit further includes a three-way air regulating valve for regulating a flow ratio of the first air of the compressed air into the fuel cell unit and the second air into the internal combustion engine unit.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the hybrid power system further comprises a waste heat recovery unit comprising an air/flue gas heat exchanger, an air/air heat exchanger and an air/anode tail gas heat exchanger, wherein the fuel reforming unit is further configured to generate a second waste heat flue gas after the reforming reaction; the air turbine is also used for generating first waste heat air when the air booster is pushed to compress air; the air/flue gas heat exchanger is used for receiving compressed air generated by the air booster, preheating the compressed air for the first time by utilizing the second waste heat flue gas, and inputting the compressed air after the first preheating into the three-way air regulating valve; the air/air heat exchanger is used for receiving the first air adjusted by the three-way air adjusting valve, and performing secondary preheating on the first air entering the fuel cell unit by utilizing the first waste heat air; and the air/anode tail gas heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the second anode tail gas and second air, so that the second anode tail gas is precooled and the second air is secondarily preheated, and the exchanged second anode tail gas and second air are input into the internal combustion engine unit.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the hybrid power system further includes an anode exhaust gas regulation unit for receiving the anode exhaust gas and regulating a ratio of the first anode exhaust gas flowing back to the fuel cell unit and the second anode exhaust gas entering the internal combustion engine unit.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the anode tail gas regulating unit comprises a high temperature anode tail gas regulating valve.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a regulating method of a hybrid system based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, applied to the above hybrid system, including: the fuel reforming unit supplies fuel to the fuel cell unit; the fuel is subjected to electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell unit to form anode tail gas and first high-temperature air and output first electric energy; the second anode tail gas entering the internal combustion engine unit burns with second air to form first high-temperature smoke and output second electric energy; and the turbo-charging distribution regulating and controlling unit is used for recovering the first high-temperature air and the first high-temperature flue gas, generating compressed air according to the operation condition of the system, dividing the compressed air into first air and second air, inputting the first air into the fuel cell unit, and inputting the second air into the internal combustion engine unit.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the step of recovering the first high-temperature air and the first high-temperature flue gas by the turbo-charging air distribution regulating unit and generating compressed air according to the system operation condition includes: the first high-temperature flue gas and the first high-temperature air respectively utilize a flue gas turbine and an air turbine to push an air booster to generate compressed air.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, when the compressed air quantity generated by the expansion work of the first high-temperature flue gas and the first high-temperature air is lower than the target quantity of the system operation condition at the starting time or the expansion work of the first high-temperature flue gas and the first high-temperature air, the motor is utilized to further push the air booster so as to generate the target quantity of compressed air.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before the step of combusting the second anode tail gas entering the internal combustion engine unit with the second air, the method further comprises: the anode regulation and control unit divides the anode tail gas into a first anode tail gas and a second anode tail gas according to the system operation working condition; the first anode tail gas flows back to the fuel cell unit; and the second anode tail gas enters the internal combustion engine unit.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, before the step of generating compressed air by the turbo-charging air distribution regulating unit according to the system operation condition, the turbo-charging air distribution regulating unit further includes: the fuel reforming unit is used for recycling first waste heat flue gas exhausted by the flue gas turbine, and heat is provided for reforming reaction; the air/flue gas heat exchanger recovers the second waste heat flue gas exhausted by the fuel reforming unit; and preheating the compressed air by using the second waste heat flue gas.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before the step of inputting the first air to the fuel cell unit, the method further includes: the air/air heat exchanger recovers the first residual heat air exhausted by the air turbine; and carrying out secondary preheating on the first air by utilizing the first waste heat air.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before the step of inputting the second air to the internal combustion engine unit, further comprising: and the second anode tail gas and the second air exchange heat in an air/anode tail gas heat exchanger, and the second air is preheated for the second time and precooled.
From the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the hybrid power system and the regulation method based on the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine provided by the present disclosure are as follows:
1. according to the hybrid power system and the regulating and controlling method based on the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine, the air flow rate entering the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine can be timely regulated according to the working condition of the system by adopting the turbocharging air distribution regulating and controlling unit, so that the output power of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine can be timely and effectively regulated according to the real-time working condition, and the hybrid power system can be efficiently operated under the full working condition.
2. According to the hybrid power system and the regulating and controlling method based on the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine, the waste heat of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine can be utilized in a cascade mode by adopting the waste heat recovery unit, and the high-grade waste heat and the low-grade waste heat are respectively recovered, so that the utilization rate of energy sources is improved.
3. The mixed power system and the regulating and controlling method based on the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine further regulate the power output ratio of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine by adopting the anode tail gas regulating and controlling unit to regulate the flow ratio of the anode tail gas flowing back to the fuel cell and directly entering the internal combustion engine for combustion.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a method of regulating a fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid powertrain system in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and/or the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
Where a formulation similar to at least one of "A, B or C, etc." is used, in general such a formulation should be interpreted in accordance with the ordinary understanding of one skilled in the art (e.g. "a system with at least one of A, B or C" would include but not be limited to systems with a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.). The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features.
The cost performance, the variable working condition characteristic, the power matching and the like of the internal combustion engine are convenient to be superior to those of a gas turbine/a micro gas turbine, so that the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine mixed power generation device have obvious advantages in the aspect of efficiently utilizing the carbon-containing fuel.
In the conventional hybrid system based on the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine, the power generation efficiency of about 59% can be achieved in the experimental theory. There are still critical technical problems: in the face of frequently fluctuating power load, the fuel cell has low response speed due to thermal inertia, and the quick response of the internal combustion engine can make up for the defect, but the problem of how to regulate the output ratio of the fuel cell and the hybrid power generation system of the internal combustion engine still exists, and the system cannot operate efficiently because the output ratio cannot be effectively regulated according to real-time working conditions.
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a hybrid power system based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, which comprises a fuel reforming unit, a fuel cell unit, an internal combustion engine unit and a turbocharging and gas distribution regulating unit, wherein the fuel reforming unit is used for reforming a carbon-containing raw material to generate fuel; the fuel cell unit is used for receiving the fuel, enabling the fuel to electrochemically react with the first air, generating anode tail gas and first high-temperature air, and outputting first electric energy; the internal combustion engine unit is used for receiving second anode tail gas entering the internal combustion engine unit from the anode tail gas, enabling the second anode tail gas to combust with second air, generating first high-temperature flue gas and outputting second electric energy; the turbo-charging distribution regulating and controlling unit is used for recovering the high-grade heat energy of the first high-temperature air and the first high-temperature flue gas and adjusting the flow ratio of the first air entering the fuel cell unit to the second air entering the internal combustion engine unit.
According to the hybrid power system of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine, the air flow ratio entering the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine can be timely adjusted according to the working condition of the system through the turbocharging air distribution regulating and controlling unit, and further the output power can be timely and effectively adjusted according to the real-time working condition, so that the hybrid power system can be efficiently operated under the full working condition.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the turbo-charging distribution regulation unit is further used for generating first waste heat flue gas, and the fuel reforming unit is further used for carrying out reforming reaction by utilizing the first waste heat flue gas.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid system in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel reforming unit comprises a fan 1, a water pump 2, a mixer 3 and a reformer 5, wherein the fan 1 is used for pressurizing the carbonaceous feedstock; the water pump 2 is used for pressurizing the reforming agent; the mixer 3 is used for mixing the pressurized carbonaceous raw material and a reforming agent; the reformer 5 is configured to absorb low-grade waste heat, and utilize the first waste heat flue gas to cause a reforming reaction between the mixed carbonaceous raw material and a reforming agent to generate fuel. Illustratively, the fuel includes all carbonaceous fuels, which are syngas fuels, as embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the carbonaceous feedstock is natural gas and the reforming agent is water. When the reforming agent is natural gas and water, the reforming reaction can generate small molecule fuels such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel reforming unit further includes a fuel regulating valve 4 for regulating the flow rate of the carbonaceous feedstock pressurized by the blower, thereby regulating the gas-carbon ratio of the reforming reaction.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell unit includes a fuel cell 15 for electrochemically reacting the small molecule fuel passing through the reformer with the first air to generate direct current.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel cell unit further comprises an ac/dc inverter 17 for converting the first electric energy generated by the fuel cell into an ac power for supplying to a user.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the internal combustion engine unit includes an internal combustion engine 16 and a generator, the second anode tail gas and the second air are combusted in the internal combustion engine 16, pushing the generator piston to generate electricity and discharging the first high temperature flue gas, generating the second electrical energy.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the internal combustion engine unit further comprises a mixer 3 for sufficiently mixing the second anode-off gas with the second air and delivering the mixed second anode-off gas with the second air into the internal combustion engine.
As shown in fig. 1, the turbo charge air distribution regulating unit includes:
The flue gas turbine 6, the flue gas turbine 6 is used for retrieving the heat energy of the first high temperature flue gas, in addition, when the first high temperature flue gas has pressure energy, the flue gas turbine 6 can also be used for retrieving the pressure energy of the first high temperature flue gas, then, the expansion work of the first high temperature flue gas promotes the compressed air of air booster 7.
An air turbine 9, the air turbine 9 is used for recovering heat energy of the first high-temperature air, the first high-temperature air is from a cathode of the fuel cell 15, and when the first high-temperature air has pressure energy, the air turbine 9 can be further used for recovering the pressure energy of the first high-temperature air, and then the first high-temperature air expands to do work to push the air booster 7 to compress the air.
An air booster 7, said air booster 7 being arranged between said flue gas turbine 6 and said air turbine 9 and being coaxial with said flue gas turbine 6 and air turbine 9 for compressing air from the environment to produce compressed air, the air booster 7 may be an oil-free air booster, as an example; it should be noted that, because the flue gas turbine 6 and the air turbine 9 are coaxial, the overall structure is more concise, and only one set of air booster is needed to realize that the flue gas turbine and the air turbine compress air simultaneously to do work, so that the compression efficiency is improved.
The motor 8 is coaxial with the air booster 7, and is used for consuming electric power to drive the air booster 7 when the motor 8 is started or when the expansion work of the flue gas turbine 6 and the air turbine 9 cannot meet the requirement of compressed air. When the device is started, the motor 8 is required to start the turbo-charging and gas distribution regulating unit because of the absence of the first high-temperature air and the first high-temperature flue gas. The electricity of the electric machine 8 may be, for example, from electric energy generated by the fuel cell and the hybrid system itself of the internal combustion engine.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the turbo charge distribution control unit further includes a three-way air regulating valve 12, and the three-way air regulating valve 12 is used for adjusting a flow ratio of the first air of the compressed air entering the fuel cell unit and the second air entering the internal combustion engine unit so as to meet air requirements of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the hybrid system further includes a waste heat recovery unit for recovering waste heat generated by the fuel cell unit and the internal combustion engine and performing different forms of waste heat utilization. As shown in fig. 1, the waste heat recovery unit comprises an air/flue gas heat exchanger 10, an air/air heat exchanger 11 and an air/anode tail gas heat exchanger 13, wherein the fuel reforming unit is further used for generating second waste heat flue gas after the reforming reaction; the air turbine is also configured to generate first surplus heat air when the air booster is pushed to compress air.
The air/flue gas heat exchanger 10 is configured to receive compressed air generated by an air booster, perform primary preheating on the compressed air by using the second waste heat flue gas, and input the primary preheated compressed air into the three-way air conditioning valve.
The air/air heat exchanger 11 is configured to receive the first air adjusted by the three-way air-conditioning valve, and perform secondary preheating on the first air entering the fuel cell unit by using the first residual heat air.
The air/anode tail gas heat exchanger 13 is configured to exchange heat between the second anode tail gas and second air, pre-cool the second anode tail gas at a higher temperature and secondarily pre-heat the second air at a lower temperature, and input the heat exchanged second anode tail gas and second air into the internal combustion engine unit. The high-temperature anode tail gas is introduced into the internal combustion engine, a homogeneous compression ignition mode is needed, and stable homogeneous compression ignition has severe requirements on the temperature flow of fuel and air, so that the lower the temperature of the air entering the internal combustion engine is in a certain range, the lower the temperature of the fuel is, the better the performance of the homogeneous compression ignition internal combustion engine is, and the stable and efficient combustion of the homogeneous compression ignition mode in the internal combustion engine can be ensured through an air/anode tail gas heat exchanger.
In experiments, the hybrid power generation device such as a fuel cell-gas turbine and a fuel cell-internal combustion engine can achieve 59% of power generation efficiency, and after the waste heat recovery unit is added, the thermal efficiency of the hybrid power generation system is about 70%. The waste heat recovery unit can further improve the thermal efficiency of the hybrid power generation system. In the fuel cell and internal combustion engine hybrid power generation system, the exhaust gas waste heat of the high-temperature fuel cell and the internal combustion engine is fully recycled, and the high-grade waste heat and the low-grade waste heat are respectively recycled, so that 70% of heat efficiency and 60% of power generation efficiency can be realized.
As shown in fig. 1, the hybrid power system further includes an anode exhaust gas control unit for receiving the anode exhaust gas and controlling a ratio of the first anode exhaust gas flowing back to the fuel cell unit and the second anode exhaust gas flowing into the internal combustion engine unit. The power output ratio of the two power sources is regulated by regulating and controlling the proportion of fuel flowing back into the fuel cell and the fuel flowing into the internal combustion engine, so that the full-working-condition performance of the hybrid power generation system is ensured.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the anode exhaust gas control unit comprises a high temperature anode exhaust gas control valve 14.
The output voltage of the high-temperature fuel cell unit can be obviously reduced along with the reduction of the fuel concentration, and the fuel utilization rate of the fuel cell cannot reach a very high level due to the chemical balance limitation, which is generally 55% -70% at present, so that a large amount of fuel remains in the anode tail gas of the fuel cell. The high-temperature anode tail gas can be introduced into an internal combustion engine for combustion, and the external output work is continued, so that the fuel utilization rate can be further improved. Meanwhile, the power output ratio of the two power units can be further adjusted by adjusting the flow ratio of the anode tail gas flowing back to the fuel cell and directly entering the combustion of the internal combustion engine. The valve linkage control of the turbocharging air distribution unit and the anode tail gas regulation unit is used for controlling the flow of anode tail gas and the air flow entering the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell to match the operation working condition of the system, so that the power output proportion of the two power units is further regulated, and the variable working condition regulation and control of the hybrid power generation system based on the fuel cell-turbocharging internal combustion engine is completed.
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a method of regulating a fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on a schematic diagram of the fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure shown in fig. 1.
The regulation and control method of the hybrid power system based on the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is applied to the hybrid power system shown in fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 2, the regulation and control method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the fuel reforming unit supplies fuel to the fuel cell unit. The fuel quantity and the water proportion can be regulated and controlled according to the external heat supplementing quantity and the smoke waste heat quantity to generate fuels with different hydrogen contents, so that the variable working condition performance of the internal combustion engine based on the fuel cell-turbocharging is regulated and controlled.
Step S2: the fuel is electrochemically reacted in the fuel cell unit to form anode tail gas and first high temperature air and output first electric energy.
Step S3: the second anode tail gas entering the internal combustion engine unit burns with the second air to form first high-temperature smoke and output second electric energy.
Step S4: the turbo-charging distribution regulating and controlling unit recovers the first high-temperature air and the first high-temperature flue gas, generates compressed air according to the operation condition of the system, divides the compressed air into first air and second air, and inputs the first air into the fuel cell unit and the second air into the internal combustion engine unit.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the turbo-charging and air distribution regulation unit in step S4 recovers the first high-temperature air and the first high-temperature flue gas, and generates compressed air according to the system operation condition, and specifically includes: the first high-temperature flue gas and the first high-temperature air respectively utilize a flue gas turbine and an air turbine to push an air booster, and high-grade energy in the first high-temperature flue gas and the first high-temperature air is recovered to generate compressed air.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, when the compressed air quantity generated by the expansion work of the first high-temperature flue gas and the first high-temperature air is lower than the target quantity of the system operation condition at the starting time or the expansion work of the first high-temperature flue gas and the first high-temperature air, the motor is utilized to further push the air booster so as to generate the target quantity of compressed air.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before the second anode tail gas entering the internal combustion engine unit is combusted with the second air, the method further includes: the anode regulation and control unit divides the anode tail gas into a first anode tail gas and a second anode tail gas according to the system operation working condition; the first anode tail gas flows back to the fuel cell unit; and the second anode tail gas enters the internal combustion engine unit.
Exemplary operating conditions of the hybrid powertrain of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine include a nominal condition and a variable condition; and when the working condition is changed, according to the change condition of the electric load of the system under the working condition, the gas-carbon ratio of the reformer, the flow of the air three-way valve and the flow of the split flow of the anode tail gas are regulated and controlled to match the load change so as to regulate and control the working condition of the hybrid power system of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before the turbo-charging and air-distributing regulation unit generates compressed air according to the system operation condition in step S4, the method further includes: the fuel reforming unit is used for recycling first waste heat flue gas exhausted by the flue gas turbine, and heat is provided for reforming reaction; the air/flue gas heat exchanger recovers the second waste heat flue gas exhausted by the fuel reforming unit; and preheating the compressed air by utilizing the second waste heat flue gas to recover low-grade energy in the waste heat.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before the first air is input to the fuel cell unit in step S4, the method further includes: the air/air heat exchanger recovers the first residual heat air exhausted by the air turbine; and carrying out secondary preheating on the first air by utilizing the first waste heat air so as to meet the requirement of the fuel cell.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before the second air described in step S4 is input to the internal combustion engine unit, further comprising: the second anode tail gas and the second air exchange heat in the air/anode tail gas heat exchanger, the second air is preheated for the second time and the second anode tail gas is precooled, so that the homogeneous charge compression ignition mode in the internal combustion engine can be ensured to burn stably and efficiently.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the hybrid power system and the regulation method based on the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can timely adjust the air flow ratio entering the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine according to the system working condition by adopting the turbo-charging air distribution regulation unit, so as to effectively adjust the output power of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine according to the real-time working condition in time, so as to realize safe and efficient operation of the hybrid power system under the full working condition. In addition, by adopting the waste heat recovery unit, waste heat of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine can be utilized in a cascade manner, and the high-grade waste heat and the low-grade waste heat are respectively recovered, so that the utilization rate of energy sources is improved; meanwhile, the power output ratio of the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine is further adjusted by adopting the anode tail gas adjusting and controlling unit to adjust the flow ratio of the anode tail gas flowing back to the fuel cell and directly entering the internal combustion engine for combustion.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features recited in the various embodiments of the disclosure and/or in the claims may be combined in various combinations and/or combinations, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly recited in the disclosure. In particular, the features recited in the various embodiments of the present disclosure and/or the claims may be variously combined and/or combined without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or combinations fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (17)
1. A hybrid system based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, comprising:
A fuel reforming unit for reforming a carbonaceous feedstock to produce a fuel;
The fuel cell unit is used for receiving the fuel, enabling the fuel to electrochemically react with the first air, generating anode tail gas and first high-temperature air, and outputting first electric energy;
The internal combustion engine unit is used for receiving second anode tail gas entering the internal combustion engine unit from the anode tail gas, enabling the second anode tail gas to combust with second air, generating first high-temperature flue gas and outputting second electric energy; and
The turbocharging distribution regulating and controlling unit is used for recovering heat energy of the first high-temperature air and the first high-temperature flue gas and adjusting the flow ratio of the first air entering the fuel cell unit to the second air entering the internal combustion engine unit; and
A waste heat recovery unit;
Wherein, the turbo charge distribution regulation and control unit includes:
The flue gas turbine is used for recovering heat energy of the first high-temperature flue gas, and the first high-temperature flue gas expands to do work so as to push the air booster to compress air;
The air turbine is used for recovering heat energy of the first high-temperature air, and the first high-temperature air expands to do work so as to push the air booster to compress the air;
the air booster is arranged between the flue gas turbine and the air turbine and is coaxial with the flue gas turbine and the air turbine, and is used for generating compressed air; and
The motor is coaxial with the air booster and is used for consuming electric power to drive the air booster when the motor is started or when the expansion work of the flue gas turbine and the air turbine cannot meet the requirement of compressed air; and
A three-way air-conditioning valve for adjusting a flow ratio of the first air of the compressed air into the fuel cell unit and the second air into the internal combustion engine unit;
The waste heat recovery unit comprises an air/flue gas heat exchanger, an air/air heat exchanger and an air/anode tail gas heat exchanger;
The fuel reforming unit is also used for generating second waste heat flue gas after the reforming reaction; the air turbine is also used for generating first waste heat air when the air booster is pushed to compress air;
the air/flue gas heat exchanger is used for receiving compressed air generated by the air booster, preheating the compressed air for the first time by utilizing the second waste heat flue gas, and inputting the compressed air after the first preheating into the three-way air regulating valve;
The air/air heat exchanger is used for receiving the first air adjusted by the three-way air adjusting valve, and performing secondary preheating on the first air entering the fuel cell unit by utilizing the first waste heat air; and
The air/anode tail gas heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the second anode tail gas and second air, pre-cooling the second anode tail gas and secondarily pre-heating the second air, and inputting the exchanged second anode tail gas and second air into the internal combustion engine unit.
2. The fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid powertrain of claim 1, wherein the turbocharged gas distribution control unit is further configured to generate a first exhaust heat flue gas, and wherein the fuel reforming unit is further configured to utilize the first exhaust heat flue gas to perform a reforming reaction.
3. The hybrid system based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein the fuel reforming unit includes a blower, a water pump, a mixer, and a reformer,
Wherein the fan is used for pressurizing the carbonaceous raw material;
The water pump is used for pressurizing the reforming agent;
The mixer is used for mixing the pressurized carbonaceous raw material and a reforming agent; and the reformer is used for reforming the mixed carbon-containing raw material and the reforming agent by utilizing the first waste heat flue gas to generate fuel.
4. A fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid system according to claim 3, wherein the carbonaceous feedstock is natural gas and the reforming agent is water.
5. A fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid system according to claim 3, wherein the fuel reforming unit further comprises a fuel regulating valve for regulating the flow rate of the carbonaceous feedstock pressurized by the blower.
6. The fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid powertrain of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell unit comprises a fuel cell.
7. The fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid powertrain of claim 6, wherein the fuel cell unit further comprises an ac-dc inverter for converting the first electrical energy generated by the fuel cell to ac power.
8. The fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid powertrain of claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine unit includes an internal combustion engine and a generator, the second anode tailgas and second air being combusted in the internal combustion engine to propel the generator to generate second electrical energy.
9. The fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid powertrain of claim 8, wherein the internal combustion engine unit further comprises a mixer for mixing the second anode tailgas with second air and delivering the mixed second anode tailgas with second air to the internal combustion engine.
10. The fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid system of claim 1, further comprising an anode exhaust gas conditioning unit for receiving the anode exhaust gas and conditioning the ratio of the first anode exhaust gas flowing back to the fuel cell unit and the second anode exhaust gas entering the internal combustion engine unit.
11. The fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid powertrain of claim 10, wherein the anode tailgas conditioning unit includes a high temperature anode tailgas conditioning valve.
12. A method for regulating a hybrid system based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, applied to the hybrid system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by comprising:
The fuel reforming unit supplies fuel to the fuel cell unit;
the fuel is subjected to electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell unit to form anode tail gas and first high-temperature air and output first electric energy;
the second anode tail gas entering the internal combustion engine unit burns with second air to form first high-temperature smoke and output second electric energy; and
The turbo-charging distribution regulating and controlling unit is used for recovering first high-temperature air and first high-temperature flue gas, generating compressed air according to the operation condition of the system, dividing the compressed air into first air and second air, inputting the first air into the fuel cell unit, and inputting the second air into the internal combustion engine unit;
Before the step of generating compressed air by the turbocharging air distribution regulating unit according to the system operation condition, the turbocharging air distribution regulating unit further comprises:
The fuel reforming unit is used for recycling first waste heat flue gas exhausted by the flue gas turbine, and heat is provided for reforming reaction;
the air/flue gas heat exchanger recovers the second waste heat flue gas exhausted by the fuel reforming unit; and
And preheating the compressed air by using the second waste heat flue gas.
13. The method for regulating a hybrid power system based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine according to claim 12, wherein the turbo charge distribution regulating unit recovers the first high temperature air and the first high temperature flue gas, and the step of generating compressed air according to the system operation condition comprises:
The first high-temperature flue gas and the first high-temperature air respectively utilize a flue gas turbine and an air turbine to push an air booster to generate compressed air.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the motor is used to further push the air booster to generate a target amount of compressed air when the first high temperature flue gas and the first high temperature air expand to produce a compressed air amount lower than the target amount of the system operation condition at the time of starting or when the first high temperature flue gas and the first high temperature air expand to do work.
15. The method of regulating a fuel cell and internal combustion engine based hybrid powertrain of claim 12, wherein prior to the step of combusting the second anode tailgas with the second air into the internal combustion engine unit, further comprising: the anode regulation and control unit divides the anode tail gas into a first anode tail gas and a second anode tail gas according to the system operation working condition;
The first anode tail gas flows back to the fuel cell unit; and
The second anode tail gas enters the internal combustion engine unit.
16. The method for regulating a hybrid system based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine according to claim 12, wherein before the step of inputting the first air to the fuel cell unit, further comprising:
the air/air heat exchanger recovers the first residual heat air exhausted by the air turbine; and
And carrying out secondary preheating on the first air by utilizing the first waste heat air.
17. The method for regulating a hybrid system based on a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine according to claim 16, further comprising, before the step of inputting the second air to the internal combustion engine unit:
and the second anode tail gas and the second air exchange heat in an air/anode tail gas heat exchanger, and the second air is preheated for the second time and precooled.
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