CN1169572C - Preparing process and application of fresh ginger extract - Google Patents
Preparing process and application of fresh ginger extract Download PDFInfo
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- CN1169572C CN1169572C CNB021352542A CN02135254A CN1169572C CN 1169572 C CN1169572 C CN 1169572C CN B021352542 A CNB021352542 A CN B021352542A CN 02135254 A CN02135254 A CN 02135254A CN 1169572 C CN1169572 C CN 1169572C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparation method and the application of fresh ginger extracts, which belongs to a method with which effective substances are extracted out of crude medicinal plants, especially to a method and the application thereof, which uses the liquid-solid extraction technology to prepare fresh ginger extracts. In the method, juice is expressed out of fresh ginger, and 10 to 80g of solid reagent is added into every kilogram of fresh ginger juice so as to form a liquid-solid extraction system which takes the fresh ginger juice as the liquid phase and the solid reagent as the solid phase; the fresh ginger juice is extracted for 2 to 20 hours within the temperature interval of 10 to 80 DEG C; fresh ginger extract (the mixture of volatile oil and gingerol) with the natural activity and the natural taste of fresh ginger is obtained after the processes of deposition, deposit separation and drying. The solid phase reagent comprises starch, dextrin, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum arabic and polyacrylic resin. The method has the advantages of convenience, simple technology and equipment, and capability of finishing the extraction of complicated active ingredients in fresh ginger.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of from natural medicinal plant, extracting active substance, be specifically related to method and application that the liquid-solid extraction technology prepares fresh ginger extract.
(2) background technology
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens is the bright rhizome of zingiberaceous plant Zingiber offcinale Rose..Fresh ginger is of many uses, has multiple uniqueness and significant biological activity and medical care effect, the natural flavor that still is loved by the people simultaneously.Have document to show: having natural activity and natural flavour mountaineous composition in the fresh ginger is volatile oil and gingerol two big class materials.Wherein, volatile oil is oily liquids, and (((γ-munrolene), citral (eitral) etc. become to be grouped into for tens of kinds for β-phellandrene), γ-Cananga odorata oil alkene for α-zingiberene), β-phellandrene by zingiberol (zingiberrol), camphene (camphene), α-zingiberene.Gingerol is a viscous liquid, is the general name that has pungent one class material in the Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, is made up of gingerol (gingerol), shogaol (shogaol) and zingiberone multiple phenols components such as (zingerone).Because Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens volatile oil and gingerol chemical property are all unstable, therefore in the storage of fresh ginger raw material, the processing of fresh ginger goods or extraction of fresh ginger active component and storage process, oxidation, hydrolysis take place easily, wave the reactions such as reaching decomposition of loosing, be difficult to keep original natural activity and local flavor, influence the Application and Development of fresh ginger.
Fresh ginger has blood circulation promoting and blood stasis dispelling, anticoagulation, and atherosclerosis, cholesterol reducing, blood pressure lowering, blood fat reducing, prevention heart and brain infraction, enhance immunity, antioxidation, defying age, rheumatism is good for the stomach and anti-gastric-ulcer, and preventing or arresting vomiting is anti-corona, pharmacological actions such as detoxication and toxicant eliminating function.Also have antitumor action in addition, in some antitumor drug, add Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens extract energy ameliorate tumor side effects of pharmaceutical drugs; Cardiovascular and hepatic injury had protective effect; Also have foodstuff flavouring, effect such as fresh-keeping, anticorrosion.China's traditional Chinese medical science the and among the people custom of utilizing fresh ginger treatment disease arranged always.The research of current fresh ginger has also caused countries in the world scholar's such as Japan-US extensive interest and attention.Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens is described as " preventing or arresting vomiting panacea ", " key medicine is good for the stomach ", " contain the antioxidant content more much bigger " than vitamin E effect, " significant blood fat reducing, study of anti-atherogenic effect ", " anticoagulation even substantially exceed aspirin ", " medicine of highly effective prevention heart and brain infraction ", " eating three Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens morning; be better than the Ginseng Decoction ", " dispelling toxicity, detoxicating is Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens simply " or the like.Now, people more and more advocate and use fresh Chinese medicine to carry out health care activities.Yet directly use fresh ginger, remain in many insurmountable problems: as supply inconvenience, too pungent, take difficulty; Poor quality's control, the bad grasp of dosage or the like.In addition, because also more or less there is such-and-such defective in the existing extracting method of fresh ginger, the extract of acquisition is difficult to keep or be difficult to complete maintenance fresh ginger original activity and flavor components.Suchlike problem is perplexing the exploitation of fresh ginger new drug all the time, has had a strong impact on the performance and the application of the huge latent effect of fresh ginger.Therefore, how the isolating active composition is the focus of present medical circle and food scientific research and a kind of scientific and effective of difficult point Study on Problems, economical and practical extraction and separation technology from fresh ginger, the active skull cap components of complete extraction fresh ginger, be used to make pharmaceutical preparation and functional food, thereby play the medical care effect the same with fresh ginger, health service for the mankind is significant.Can predict, the consumer of fresh ginger extract is tellurian entire population the most at last, and its superiority is fairly obvious, and its market potential is huge to be mathematical, possesses great commodity value.
Fresh ginger liquid-solid extraction technology belongs to natural drug fresh ginger extraction of active ingredients technology, for other extraction methods, as: steam distillation, percolation, infusion process, decocting method, cold-press, supercritical CO
2Extraction, also all the someone is used for carrying out the extraction research of fresh ginger.The physicochemical property difference of two active components in the fresh ginger, less as the molecular polarity of volatile oil, have a volatility, gingerol quasi-molecule polarity is relatively large, do not have a volatility; Their chemical property is all unstable.In the formation of fresh ginger, constituents such as water, cellulose, starch, natural gum, protein, aminoacid, sugar occupy very big ratio (wherein moisture is the highest), and volatile oil and gingerol class only account for very fraction.These character and characteristics have caused very big difficulty to the extraction of fresh ginger.Cause existing method can't finish the work of complete extraction fresh ginger active skull cap components simultaneously.The inventive method can be finished the extraction work of fresh ginger ideally: 1. simultaneously complete extracting and enriching volatile oil and gingerol two big class materials and synchronously realization volatile oil and gingerol solidification, powdered, extract is maintained a long-term stability.2. leaching process guarantees that active component does not suffer a loss, destruction and ratio change, and makes extract keep having the active skull cap components consistent with fresh ginger and natural flavour mountaineous.3. extraction process is simple, extraction cost is low, extractive technique and extracting mode are applicable to large-scale industrial production, extract packing, storage, transportation, use convenient.4. the pharmaceutical preparation for preparing with this extract has the medical care effect consistent with fresh ginger and is easily accepted by doctor and patient.Different its extraction effects of the whole bag of tricks performance also differ from one another.Present supercritical CO
2Extraction is considered to the best method that fresh ginger is extracted, and can obtain high-quality fresh ginger extract with this method, but because CO
2Polarity similar to volatile oil and with gingerol difference to some extent, so good and (have document to show supercritical CO to the gingerol extracting power is relatively poor relatively to the volatile oil effect of extracting
2Gingerol content seldom conforms to our measured result in the extraction oil of ginger).Supercritical extraction belongs to high pressure technique (usually more than 7090kPa), equipment investment expense costliness (needing 100,000,000 yuans approximately) as a cover 500L Germany import equipment, and scale is big more, and investment cost is high more, is a risk investment.In general can recoup capital outlay in 3～5 years is exactly the project of a success.This method technical process specification requirement height, equipment depreciation and maintenance cost height if be used for the fresh ginger extraction, must will can carry out after fresh ginger section, lyophilization, the pulverizing, therefore increase production cost more, are not suitable for the fresh ginger large-scale industrial and extract.Cold-press can not extract gingerol simultaneously though can extract high-quality volatile oil for another example; Decocting method can make the loss of volatile oil composition totally; The way of distillation can only be extracted volatile oil or the like.Above-mentioned situation is enough to illustrate that the effect of extracting the fresh ginger active component with existing method is greatly inferior.Various extracting method all have certain limitation and saving grace, the quality of distinct methods and complicated and simple degree, and the composition of extract, purposes, extraction cost and extraction effect etc. are all different.But just novel, quick and easy, economic, the different composition of while complete extraction fresh ginger two big class physicochemical properties; realize solidification, powdered synchronously and make extract keep having active skull cap components consistent and local flavor, be fit to the method that the fresh ginger large-scale industrial is produced, do not appear in the newspapers as yet both at home and abroad at present with fresh ginger.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above of prior art, a kind of convenient, practical, reliable, fresh ginger extract preparation method of complete extracting and enriching fresh ginger volatile oil and gingerol two big class natural active matters simultaneously is provided.
Another technical assignment of the present invention provides the application of the fresh ginger extract of method for preparing.
Method of the present invention comprises squeezes the juice fresh ginger, in every kilogram of fresh ginger juice, add solid reagent 10～80 grams, composition is liquid phase with the fresh ginger juice, is the liquid-solid extraction system of solid phase with the solid reagent, at 10～80 ℃ fresh ginger juice was extracted 2～20 hours, precipitation, sediment separate out, drying can obtain to have fresh ginger natural activity and natural flavour mountaineous volatile oil and gingerol mixture.
Solid reagent be one of following or its combination of two kinds (weight ratio is 1～100: 100～1): starch, dextrin, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, micropowder silica gel, polyacrylic resin.
Described starch is corn starch and/or tapioca.
Described dextrin is an alpha-cyclodextrin, and/or beta-schardinger dextrin-, and/or gamma-cyclodextrin.
Described cellulose is a microcrystalline Cellulose, and/or methylcellulose, and/or ethyl cellulose, and/or carboxymethyl cellulose, and/or Cellulose Acetate Phthalate.
Described polyacrylic resin is polyacrylic resin II, and/or polyacrylic resin III, and/or polyacrylic resin IV.
Selected solid-phase reagent has good affinity interaction and can produce sedimentary character the molecule of fresh ginger volatile oil and gingerol class.Selected solid-phase reagent is dressing commonly used or a food additive in the medicinal tablet.Concrete source is as follows:
Starch, " 2000 editions 780 pages of Chinese pharmacopoeia, excipient,
Dextrin, " 2000 editions 1038 pages of Chinese pharmacopoeia, medical dressing,
Alpha-cyclodextrin is made up of 6 glucose molecules, " pharmacy of Chinese materia medica " Fan Biting chief editor, and Shanghai science tech publishing house, 1997 editions 407 pages, medical dressing,
Beta-schardinger dextrin-is made up of 7 glucose molecules, " pharmacy of Chinese materia medica " 1997 editions 407 pages, and medical dressing,
Gamma-cyclodextrin is made up of 8 glucose molecules, " pharmacy of Chinese materia medica " 1997 editions 407 pages, and medical dressing,
Microcrystalline Cellulose, " 2000 editions 978 pages of Chinese pharmacopoeia, excipient,
Methylcellulose, " 2000 editions 154 pages of Chinese pharmacopoeia, medical dressing,
Ethyl cellulose, " 2000 editions 4 pages of Chinese pharmacopoeia, medical dressing,
Carboxymethyl cellulose, " pharmacy of Chinese materia medica " 1997 editions 407 pages, medical dressing,
Cellulose Acetate Phthalate, " pharmaceutics " Xi Nianzhu, Gu Xueqiu chief editor, the People's Health Publisher, 1992 editions 316 pages, medical dressing,
1997 editions 406 pages of polyvinylpyrrolidones " pharmacy of Chinese materia medica ", medical dressing,
Micropowder silica gel, " pharmacy of Chinese materia medica " 1997 editions 419 pages, medical dressing,
Polyacrylic resin II, " 2000 editions 993 pages of Chinese pharmacopoeia, medical dressing,
Polyacrylic resin III, " 2000 editions 993 pages of Chinese pharmacopoeia, medical dressing,
Polyacrylic resin IV, " 2000 editions 994 pages of Chinese pharmacopoeia, medical dressing.
Drying is 30～100 ℃ of oven dry filter cakes in the said method, pulverizes, and promptly obtains pale yellow powder shape extract.
The fresh ginger extract of the present invention's preparation is used to be processed into fresh ginger drug injection, tablet, capsule, functional food, food additive and drinks seasoning agents.
Toxic and side effects: nontoxic.The safety coefficient of mouse mainline fresh ginger injection is more than 625 times of clinical consumption, no local irritation, and hemolytic experiment is negative.LD to 3 kinds of zingiberols of male mice lumbar injection
50All greater than 100mg/kg.Strong and the toxicity of the effect of oil of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens extremely a little less than.
The most significant advantage of the inventive method is, solid reagent direct two big active components of complete extracting and enriching fresh ginger simultaneously from the fresh ginger juice of heavy dose with low dose, and realize this two classes material solidization, powdered synchronously, and other compositions in the Sucus Zingberis do not produce interference to extracting, and extract keeps having the active skull cap components consistent with fresh ginger and natural flavour mountaineous.With the way of distillation, percolation, infusion process, decocting method, cold-press, supercritical CO
2Extraction compares, and this law extraction effect is good, and abstraction process is few, and extraction equipment is simple, and process cycle is short, and production cost is low, and good product quality (the extract active component is complete) can be brought into play the medical care effect of fresh ginger better.There are many scholars exploring fresh ginger active skull cap components extraction problem, because each tame research method difference, therefore the effect of extracting also has nothing in common with each other, then need the comparison extract whether to have consistent active skull cap components with fresh ginger and natural flavour mountaineous if will compare the quality of extraction effect, the science and the practicality of comparative approach.That the inventive method has really reached is easy, quick, economy, the splendid perfect condition of effect.
The invention solves for a long time fresh ginger active component volatile oil and gingerol two big class materials because of the different complete extraction simultaneously of physicochemical property and in leaching process because of oxidation, hydrolysis, the structural deterioration that reasons such as thermal decomposition or composition loss cause and the variation of component ratio, the inconsistent core key issue of extract and fresh ginger active component, and then realize the solidification of volatile oil and gingerol synchronously, powdered, not only greatly improved extraction efficiency, also greatly improved the stability of extract, covered the pungent taste of gingerol by a relatively large margin, effectively expanded the application space of fresh ginger, as: can develop and make the high-load multiple pharmaceutical preparation of small size, functional food etc., constant product quality is controlled, taking convenience, can bring into play the medical care effect of fresh ginger better, easily be cured, suffering from both sides accepts.Many wonderful dreams that can't realize that the present invention can be made over to the fresh ginger application facet come true, the development trend that meets the fresh Chinese medicine of Application and Development, help to promote the fresh modernization of Chinese medicine, promote that fresh tcm product is in line with international standards and allow the world is better more to accept fresh tcm product quickly.Because fresh ginger aboundresources, of many uses, has multiple uniqueness and significant biological activity and medical care effect, therefore we think in the modernization of Chinese medicine, fresh ginger will become a kind that really has the value of large-scale developing and utilizing, and utilizes the present invention fresh ginger can be developed to huge industry.
The whole technical processs of the present invention are all finished at a lower temperature, process cycle is short, operation is few, equipment needed thereby is simple, not with an organic solvent, the extraction efficiency height, production cost is low, does not produce harmful substance, is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the thin layer chromatography chromatogram of extract and fresh ginger.Wherein, a represents fresh ginger, and b represents fresh ginger extract.The thin layer chromatography spectrogram basically identical of extract and fresh ginger shows the two chemical constituent basically identical.Pass through thin layer chromatography, volatile oil and gingerol two big active components are assembled on 2 thin layer speckles of son, a speckle is nearby located on the edge at thin plate, another speckle is at Rf value (Rf value) 0.60 place, carry out spectral scan by speckle and determine that its maximum absorption wavelength is 242nm, can be used for the discriminating of extract and fresh ginger Rf0.60.Because the centrifugation of thin layer chromatography makes the composition on the speckle obtain purification, collect and extract the rigorous analysis of the speckle property advanced.
Fig. 2 be fresh ginger extract (lot number: uv absorption spectra 010520,010521,010522), abscissa W is a wavelength, vertical coordinate A is a trap.As seen from Figure 2, the ultraviolet absorption curve basically identical of three batches of extracts shows that the extract quality of this method preparation is stable.
Fig. 3 is the uv absorption spectra of fresh ginger extract, fresh ginger juice and fresh ginger, and abscissa W is a wavelength, and vertical coordinate A is a trap.Wherein, solid line is represented fresh ginger extract, and dotted line is represented fresh ginger, and dotted line is represented fresh ginger juice.Sample preparation methods: fresh ginger juice is used earlier organic solvent extraction, separates, and cold wind dries up organic solvent; Fresh ginger is cut into filament, grinding, cold wind earlier and dries up moisture rapidly; With fresh ginger extract with the method sample preparation.As seen from Figure 3, the ultraviolet absorption curve basically identical of fresh ginger extract and fresh ginger shows the two chemical constituent basically identical; Fresh ginger juice is owing to handle through organic solvent extraction during sample preparation, so big slightly with the ultraviolet absorption curve difference of fresh ginger extract and fresh ginger.
Fig. 4 is the inventive method technological process.
(5) specific embodiment
Get fresh ginger and remove go mouldy part and impurity, take by weighing 1000g, drip washing, drain surface moisture, squeeze Sucus Zingberis 880g, leave standstill, filter, discard filtering residue, Sucus Zingberis is put in the reaction vessel, add solid reagent corn starch and alpha-cyclodextrin, both weight ratios are total to 35g at 30: 70, carry out liquid-solid extraction under electromagnetic agitation, 40 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures, continue to stir extraction 8h, leave standstill 12h, discard most of supernatant, filter, get filter cake, filter cake is put in the baking oven in 60 ℃ of oven dry, weighing, pulverize, cross 80 mesh sieves, check, packing promptly gets product 6.3g.This product is a pale yellow powder, and gas perfume (or spice) is special, and acrid in the mouth is peppery.
Fresh ginger extract yield computing formula: fresh ginger extract yield=extract gross weight-(solid reagent meltage when the weight-solution of the solid reagent of adding is saturated).Calculate the actual fresh ginger extract yield that gets according to formula.
Quality test is analyzed: each is an amount of to get extract and fresh ginger sample, to fresh ginger carry out pretreatment and with extract with the method sample preparation, test, the thin layer chromatography chromatograph of extract and fresh ginger, ultra-violet absorption spectrum basically identical as a result, its taste remove acid (because of in leaching process by solidification, the acid major part is covered) than outside light, with the fresh ginger basically identical.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is corn starch and beta-schardinger dextrin-, and both weight ratios are total to 36g at 40: 60, and 50 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 4h, get product 7.2g.
Embodiment 3.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is micropowder silica gel and beta-schardinger dextrin-, and both weight ratios are total to 36g at 40: 60, and 55 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 4h, get product 6.6g.
Embodiment 4.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is little smart cellulose and beta-schardinger dextrin-, and both weight ratios are total to 30g at 20: 80, and 45 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 5h, get product 6.8g.
Embodiment 5.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is methylcellulose and beta-schardinger dextrin-, and both weight ratios are total to 30g at 20: 80, and 45 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 5h, get product 6.4g.
Embodiment 6.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is carboxymethyl cellulose and beta-schardinger dextrin-, and both weight ratios are total to 30g at 20: 80, and 45 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 5h, get product 6.6g.
Embodiment 7.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is Cellulose Acetate Phthalate and beta-schardinger dextrin-, and both weight ratios are total to 30g at 10: 90, and 45 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 5h, get product 6.5g.
Embodiment 8.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is polyacrylic resin II and beta-schardinger dextrin-, and both weight ratios are total to 40g at 40: 60, and 50 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 5h, get product 7.0g.
Embodiment 9.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is polyvinylpyrrolidone and alpha-cyclodextrin, and both weight ratios are total to 25g at 10: 90, and 42 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 6h, get product 6.6g.
Embodiment 10.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is polyvinylpyrrolidone and beta-schardinger dextrin-, and both weight are total to 25g at 10: 90, and 12 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 6h, get product 6.9g.
Embodiment 11.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is alpha-cyclodextrin 25g, and 42 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 6h, get product 6.7g.
Embodiment 12.
As described in embodiment 1, different is: the solid reagent of adding is beta-schardinger dextrin-25g, and 45 ℃ of control heating-up temperatures continue to stir extraction 8h, get product 7.1g.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of a fresh ginger extract, comprise fresh ginger is squeezed the juice, it is characterized in that, add solid reagent 10～80 grams in every kilogram of fresh ginger juice, composition is liquid phase with the fresh ginger juice, is the liquid-solid extraction system of solid phase with the solid reagent, at 10～80 ℃ fresh ginger juice extracted 2～20 hours, precipitation, sediment separate out, drying can obtain to have the fresh ginger natural activity and keep the natural flavour mountaineous fresh ginger extract of fresh ginger; Described solid reagent is one of following or the compositions of the two wherein, and the composition weight ratio is (1～100): (100～1),
Starch, dextrin, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, micropowder silica gel, polyacrylic resin.
2. the preparation method of fresh ginger extract as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described starch is corn starch and/or tapioca.
3. the preparation method of fresh ginger extract as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described dextrin is an alpha-cyclodextrin, and/or beta-schardinger dextrin-, and/or gamma-cyclodextrin.
4. the preparation method of fresh ginger extract as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described cellulose is a microcrystalline Cellulose, and/or methylcellulose, and/or ethyl cellulose, and/or carboxymethyl cellulose, and/or Cellulose Acetate Phthalate.
5. the preparation method of fresh ginger extract as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described polyacrylic resin is polyacrylic resin II, and/or polyacrylic resin III, and/or polyacrylic resin IV.
6. as the fresh ginger extract of the method for claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 preparation, be used to be processed into fresh ginger drug injection, tablet, capsule, functional food, food additive or drinks seasoning agents.
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| CN101044899B (en) * | 2007-04-29 | 2012-05-23 | 乔蓬勃 | Health-care beverage containing ginger amino-acid |
| CN106673987B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2019-05-10 | 湖北工程学院 | method for extracting ginger gingerol |
| CN108740636A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-11-06 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of extraction process of ginger juice |
| CN116003237A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-04-25 | 青岛润达生物科技有限公司 | Extraction method for improving gingerol content and preparation method of ginger powder |
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