CN116948229A - 热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法以及窗膜 - Google Patents
热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法以及窗膜 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法以及窗膜,属于建筑节能技术领域。该制备方法包括聚二甲基硅氧烷基体的制备、将纳米银稀释一定浓度后,加入分散稳定剂,超声分散均匀后,通过涂覆于载玻片上、以及聚N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺纳米银薄膜的制备。这样,在寒冷环境下,该薄膜具有较高的太阳透射率和热辐射率,实现室内取暖;当在高温环境下,并超过相变温度时,聚N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺中的氢键被削弱,聚N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺与水分子的连接结构被破坏,引发疏水缔合,水分子被挤出,使得该薄膜具有较低的太阳透过率和较低的热辐射率(或热反射率),从而促进室内的散热,实现热变质窗口随温度的变化同时实现太阳辐射和热辐射的自适应调节。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑节能技术领域,具体涉及热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法以及窗膜。
背景技术
在多光照地区的建筑能耗中,制冷和供暖占据主要部分,以调节室内温度至舒适区间。而窗户吸收阳光并透过红外光是造成室内空间过热的原因之一,通过窗户对太阳辐射和热辐射进行自适应控制对于建筑节能至关重要。智能窗户被广泛应用于太阳光能量的调节,其包括热致变色、光致变色和电致变色等类型。其中热致变色智能窗户可用于光学节能系统,吸收光热能量,达到降低能耗的效果。
目前,大多数最先进的热致变色窗只能调节太阳辐射,例如二氧化钒(VO2)和水凝胶是研究最广泛的两种热致变色窗材料,虽然在玻璃上涂覆二氧化钒(VO2)可以在长波长红外波段产生热辐射调节,但由于二氧化钒(VO2)低温时热辐射高,高温时热辐射低,这种调节是不利;而水凝胶由于聚合物与水的指数匹配,在低温下具有较高的太阳透过率,超过临界相变温度,水凝胶的相分离产生强烈的内部散射,导致太阳透过率低。然而,相分离机制只能形成近红外光谱,无法实现热辐射调节。因此如何通过一个热变质窗口同时实现太阳辐射和热辐射的自适应已然成为业界亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法以及窗膜,旨在解决实现通过一个热变质窗口同时实现太阳辐射和热辐射的自适应的技术问题。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供如下技术方案:热质变色降温节能薄膜备方法,包括如下步骤:
聚二甲基硅氧烷基体的制备:将质量比为5:1~9:1的弹性基材聚二甲基硅氧烷与固化剂混合在60-80℃下反应固化2h,得到聚二甲基硅氧烷基体;
纳米银载玻片的制备:将纳米银稀释一定浓度后,加入分散稳定剂,超声分散均匀后,通过涂覆于载玻片上;
聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺纳米银薄膜的制备:将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与交联剂在氮气环境下溶解于水中并静置10~15min,随后向该溶液中加入一定比例的催化剂,搅拌均匀,将搅拌均匀的溶液滴至聚二甲基硅氧烷基体上,随后将纳米银载玻片盖于聚二甲基硅氧烷基体上,先预先置于紫外线反应器中紫外辐照3~5h,随后在无紫外线辐照下进行光照6~8h,待聚合反应完全后,移除载玻片,得到弹性热致变色薄膜材料。
进一步地,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷基体的制备,包括:
预先准备预制形状的模具,将质量比8:1的弹性基材聚二甲基硅氧烷与固化剂混合倒入模具中,将该模具中置于70℃的烤箱中反应固化2h,形成聚二甲基硅氧烷材质的托盘,随后用甲醇清洗后在真空室中进行干燥。
进一步地,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷基体为一侧具有开口的框体结构。
进一步地,所述纳米银载玻片的制备,包括:
将一定量的纳米银通过乙醇溶液稀释浓度至15wt%,随后加入分散稳定剂,超声分散均匀,在转速2000r/min下通过旋转涂覆于载玻片上。
进一步地,所述分散稳定剂为聚乙二醇。
进一步地,所述交联剂为甲叉丙烯酰胺、苯胺甲基倍半硅氧烷、环己烷基倍半硅氧烷、苯胺丙基倍半硅氧烷、丙三醇和三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或几种的组合。
进一步地,所述催化剂为过硫酸铵与四甲基乙二胺的混合剂。
本发明还提供了一种窗膜,包括依次呈层叠设置的柔性基材薄膜层、夹胶层、热质变色薄膜层、背胶层、以及保护层,所述热质变色薄膜层由如上所述的热质变色薄膜方法制备。
进一步地,所述保护层为聚乙烯薄膜层。
本发明的有益效果在于:与现有技术相比,本发明中的热质变色降温节能薄膜,通过该方法获得聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺纳米银薄膜,使得在寒冷环境下,该聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺纳米银薄膜具有较高的太阳透射率和热辐射率(或热反射率),实现室内取暖;当在高温环境下,并超过相变温度时,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺中的氢键被削弱,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与水分子的连接结构被破坏,引发疏水缔合,水分子被挤出,使得该薄膜具有较低的太阳透过率和较低的热辐射率(或热反射率),从而促进室内的散热,实现热变质窗口随温度的变化同时实现太阳辐射和热辐射的自适应调节,实现了建筑节能,满足了用户的需求。
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,或者本领域技术人员可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,本发明提供如下附图进行说明:
图1为本发明一实施例提出的一种热质变色降温节能薄膜备方法的流程图;
图2为本发明另一实施例提出的一种热质变色降温节能薄膜备方法的流程图;
图3为本发明再一实施例提出的一种热质变色降温节能薄膜备方法的流程图;
图4为本发明一实施例提出的窗膜的结构图。
附图中标记如下:
1-柔性基材薄膜层;
2-夹胶层;
3-热质变色薄膜层;
4-背胶层;
5-保护层。
具体实施方式
如图1~3所示,本实施例提出了热质变色降温节能薄膜备方法,包括如下步骤:
S01:聚二甲基硅氧烷基体的制备:将质量比为5:1~9:1的弹性基材聚二甲基硅氧烷与固化剂混合在60-80℃下反应固化2h,得到聚二甲基硅氧烷基体;
S02:纳米银载玻片的制备:将纳米银稀释一定浓度后,加入分散稳定剂,超声分散均匀后,通过涂覆于载玻片上;
S03:聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺纳米银薄膜的制备:将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与交联剂在氮气环境下溶解于水中并静置10~15min,随后向该溶液中加入一定比例的催化剂,搅拌均匀,将搅拌均匀的溶液滴至聚二甲基硅氧烷基体上,随后将纳米银载玻片盖于聚二甲基硅氧烷基体上,先预先置于紫外线反应器中紫外辐照3~5h,随后在无紫外线辐照下进行光照6~8h,待聚合反应完全后,移除载玻片,得到弹性热致变色薄膜材料。
优选地,在本实施例中,采用波长为340nm的紫外线对其进行紫外辐照。
在本发明中,通过该方法获得聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺纳米银薄膜,使得在寒冷环境下,该聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺纳米银薄膜具有较高的太阳透射率和热辐射率(或热反射率),实现室内取暖;当在高温环境下,并超过相变温度时,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺中的氢键被削弱,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与水分子的连接结构被破坏,引发疏水缔合,水分子被挤出,使得该薄膜具有较低的太阳透过率和较低的热辐射率(或热反射率),从而促进室内的散热,实现热变质窗口随温度的变化同时实现太阳辐射和热辐射的自适应调节,实现了建筑节能,满足了用户的需求。
在本发明中,该热致变色降温节能薄膜材料的原理如下:
首先通过聚二甲基硅氧烷与固化剂混合固化,形成聚二甲基硅氧烷基体,然后将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与交联剂和催化剂的混合溶液倒入该聚二甲基硅氧烷基体上,该N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在聚二甲基硅氧烷基体通过自由基聚合合成聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺,聚合后形成聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶接枝到聚二甲基硅氧烷基体上,由于自由基不影响聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺聚合物链与水分子之间的亲疏水相互作用,故这种固化混合后的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与原始的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺具有相同的相变温度(约30℃),与此同时,由于N-异丙基丙烯酰胺具有比玻璃更强的亲水性键,当亲水性的纳米银浸入N-异丙基丙烯酰胺溶液中时,在聚合反应过程中,该纳米银较容易的转移至聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的表面,在较低的环境温度下,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺通过分子间亲水性键(氢键)在水中膨胀,水分子均匀地分散在聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺网络内,使得该聚合物的折射率接近水的折射率,导致沉积在聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺膜的纳米银网络结构具有高太阳透过率和高热反射率,实现室内取暖;当在高温环境下,并超过相变温度时,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺中的氢键被削弱,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与水分子的连接结构被破坏,引发疏水缔合,水分子被挤出,使得水分子流向纳米银中,使得该薄膜具有较低的太阳透过率和较低的热辐射率(或热反射率),从而促进室内的散热,实现热变质窗口随温度的变化同时实现太阳辐射和热辐射的自适应调节。
进一步地,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷基体的制备,包括:
预先准备预制形状的模具,将质量比8:1的弹性基材聚二甲基硅氧烷与固化剂混合倒入模具中,将该模具中置于70℃的烤箱中反应固化2h,形成聚二甲基硅氧烷材质的托盘,随后用甲醇清洗后在真空室中进行干燥。
在本发明中,通过准备预制形状的模具,将聚二甲基硅氧烷与固化剂混合倒入模具中,形成聚二甲基硅氧烷材质的托盘结构,从而可通过该托盘结构较好的容纳N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与交联剂和催化剂的混合溶液,为后续的聚合反应提供了保证。优选地,在本实施例中,该预制形状可为矩形的框体结构、正方形的框体结构、圆弧形的框体结构等,此处不作唯一限定。
优选地,该模具由上模和下模组成,具体地,该上模尺寸大小设置为100mm×100mm×2mm,该下模的尺寸大小设置为140mm×140mm×4mm,通过将下模的尺寸大小设置大于上模的尺寸大小,从而有利于聚二甲基硅氧烷基体形成具有容纳腔的框体结构。当然,在本实施例中,根据实际情况和具体需求,该上模的尺寸也可设置为200mm×100mm×2mm,该下模的尺寸也可设置为300mm×300mm×4mm,又或者是其他尺寸,此处不作唯一限定。
进一步地,该聚二甲基硅氧烷基体的制备还包括:
将预先准备好的模具浸入二苯甲酮溶液10~20min。
在本发明中,通过将模具浸入二苯甲酮溶液中一段时间,当聚二甲基硅氧烷溶液倒入模具中时,二苯甲酮溶液扩散到聚二甲基硅氧烷网络中,为后续聚合反应过程中促进聚二甲基硅氧烷与聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺之间化学键的形成提供了保证。在本发明中,该模具的材质可以是具备多孔结构并与二苯甲酮互溶的有机材料,此处不对模具材质作唯一限定。
进一步地,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷基体为一侧具有开口的框体结构。通过设置为框体结构,一方面,使得聚二甲基硅氧烷基体具有可以盛装溶液的容纳腔,另一方面,在聚合反应过程中,网状结构的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的五个面均与聚二甲基硅氧烷基体框体发生化学键合无法实现自由收缩,只有朝向纳米银的自由面可以自由收缩,当温度发生变化时,使得网状结构的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺从亲水性转变为疏水性,网状结构的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺中的水分子被挤出朝向纳米银网的定向输送和聚集,且通过设置为框体结构,不仅有助于水分子的定向移动,而且还实现了较好地与玻璃基板粘合,较容易地适应现有的窗户。
进一步地,所述纳米银载玻片的制备,包括:
将一定量的纳米银通过乙醇溶液稀释浓度至15wt%,随后加入分散稳定剂,超声分散均匀,在转速2000r/min下通过旋转涂覆于载玻片上。
在本发明中,通过加入分散稳定剂,从而可使得纳米银均匀分散于乙醇中;通过旋转喷涂使得纳米银快速地涂覆于载玻片上,且在较高的转速下,提高了纳米银与载玻片的结合力。优选地,该分散稳定剂为聚乙二醇。当然,在本实施例中,该分散稳定剂也可为其他,此处不作唯一限定。
在本实施例中,通过分析纳米银的浓度对热辐射率的影响(见表1),可以看出当纳米银的浓度为2wt%时,形成的热致变色薄膜的热辐射率达到最大,后续随着浓度大于2wt%时,热辐射率趋于饱和。
表1:不同纳米银浓度下对热致变色薄膜性能的影响
进一步地,所述交联剂为甲叉丙烯酰胺、苯胺甲基倍半硅氧烷、环己烷基倍半硅氧烷、苯胺丙基倍半硅氧烷、丙三醇和三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或几种的组合。
在本实施例中,通过分析交联剂的浓度对热透射率和热辐射率的影响(见表2),可以看出当交联剂的浓度为1wt%时,形成的热致变色薄膜的热透射率和热辐射率达到最大,后续随着浓度大于1wt%时,由于较高的BIS交联剂浓度降低了断裂应变,因此,在加热-冷却循环过程中会导致残余应力的增加,容易发生开裂,且热透射率和热辐射率会逐渐下降,故本实施例中,该交联剂的浓度优选为1wt%。
表2:不同交联剂浓度下对热致变色薄膜性能的影响
进一步地,所述催化剂为过硫酸铵与四甲基乙二胺的混合剂。通过添加催化剂,从而可以引发聚二甲基硅氧烷与聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺通过自由基发生聚合反应。
本发明还提供了一种窗膜,请参阅图4,该窗膜包括依次呈层叠设置的柔性基材薄膜层1、夹胶层2、热质变色薄膜层3、背胶层4、以及保护层5,该热质变色薄膜层3由如上所述的热质变色降温节能薄膜方法制备。
优选地,该柔性基材薄膜层1为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚奈二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚丙烯薄膜、尼龙薄膜中的一种。
优选地,该保护层5为聚乙烯薄膜层。通过设置聚乙烯薄膜层可防止热质变色降温节能薄膜层3中的水分丧失,使结构长期稳定使用。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (10)
1.热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
聚二甲基硅氧烷基体的制备:将质量比为5:1~9:1的弹性基材聚二甲基硅氧烷与固化剂混合在60-80℃下反应固化2h,得到聚二甲基硅氧烷基体;
纳米银载玻片的制备:将纳米银稀释一定浓度后,加入分散稳定剂,超声分散均匀后,通过涂覆于载玻片上;
聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺纳米银薄膜的制备:将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与交联剂在氮气环境下溶解于水中并静置10~15min,随后向该溶液中加入一定比例的催化剂,搅拌均匀,将搅拌均匀的溶液滴至聚二甲基硅氧烷基体上,随后将纳米银载玻片盖于聚二甲基硅氧烷基体上,先预先置于紫外线反应器中紫外辐照3~5h,随后在无紫外线辐照下进行光照6~8h,待聚合反应完全后,移除载玻片,得到弹性热致变色薄膜材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚二甲基硅氧烷基体的制备,包括:
预先准备预制形状的模具,将质量比8:1的弹性基材聚二甲基硅氧烷与固化剂混合倒入模具中,将该模具中置于70℃的烤箱中反应固化2h,形成聚二甲基硅氧烷材质的托盘,随后用甲醇清洗后在真空室中进行干燥。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚二甲基硅氧烷基体的制备还包括:
将预先准备好的模具浸入二苯甲酮溶液10~20min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚二甲基硅氧烷基体为一侧具有开口的框体结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米银载玻片的制备,包括:
将一定量的纳米银通过乙醇溶液稀释浓度至15wt%,随后加入分散稳定剂,超声分散均匀,在转速2000r/min下通过旋转涂覆于载玻片上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述分散稳定剂为聚乙二醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述交联剂为甲叉丙烯酰胺、苯胺甲基倍半硅氧烷、环己烷基倍半硅氧烷、苯胺丙基倍半硅氧烷、丙三醇和三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或几种的组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的热质变色降温节能薄膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为过硫酸铵与四甲基乙二胺的混合剂。
9.窗膜,其特征在于,包括依次呈层叠设置的柔性基材薄膜层、夹胶层、热质变色薄膜层、背胶层、以及保护层,所述热质变色薄膜层由如权利要求1至8任一项所述的热质变色薄膜备方法制备。
10.根据权利要求9所述的窗膜,其特征在于:所述保护层为聚乙烯薄膜层。
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CN116141786A (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-05-23 | 香港科技大学 | 用于太阳光和热辐射调节的热致变色结构 |
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US20220242004A1 (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-04 | City University Of Hong Kong | Thermochromic composite material, its preparation and use |
CN113419580A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-21 | 武汉理工大学 | 基于被动辐射冷却和太阳加热的智能控温器件及制备方法 |
CN116141786A (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-05-23 | 香港科技大学 | 用于太阳光和热辐射调节的热致变色结构 |
CN115503307A (zh) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-23 | 上海骊港幕墙科技有限公司 | 一种光热双响应智能窗及其制备方法 |
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CN117757204A (zh) * | 2023-11-24 | 2024-03-26 | 杭州绿冰环保科技有限公司 | 一种辐射制冷材料的制备方法及其应用 |
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