CN116930831B - Optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on wide-spectrum light source and measuring method - Google Patents
Optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on wide-spectrum light source and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116930831B CN116930831B CN202311196353.9A CN202311196353A CN116930831B CN 116930831 B CN116930831 B CN 116930831B CN 202311196353 A CN202311196353 A CN 202311196353A CN 116930831 B CN116930831 B CN 116930831B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
- G01R33/0327—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect with application of magnetostriction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/266—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light by interferometric means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic sensors, in particular to an optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on a wide-spectrum light source and a measuring method. The invention solves the problems of low measurement precision, high cost and complex structure of the traditional optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor. The optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on the wide spectrum light source comprises the wide spectrum light source, an isolator, a beam splitter, a first coupler, a first optical fiber ring resonator, a PZT phase modulator, a second coupler, a third coupler, a second optical fiber ring resonator, a magnetostrictive rod, a fourth coupler, a beam combiner, a photoelectric detector, an operational amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an FPGA chip, a PC and a digital-to-analog converter; the emergent end of the wide-spectrum light source is connected with the incident end of the isolator; the exit end of the isolator is connected with the incident end of the beam splitter. The invention is suitable for measuring the magnetic field under the condition of environmental disturbance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic sensors, in particular to an optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on a wide-spectrum light source and a measuring method.
Background
The optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor has the advantages of small volume, light weight, easy integration and strong reusability, and is widely applied to the measurement of a magnetic field under the condition of environmental disturbance. However, in practical application, the existing optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor has the following problems due to the self-structure limitation: firstly, the light source of the existing optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor adopts a narrow linewidth laser, so that the following problems are brought: 1. since light emitted by a narrow linewidth laser has high coherence, serious parasitic noise exists in an optical fiber ring resonator, and therefore the measurement accuracy of the existing optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor is low. 2. The purchase price of the narrow linewidth laser is high, so that the cost of the conventional optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor is high. Secondly, the existing optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor measures a magnetic field based on the frequency shift amount of the resonant frequency of the optical fiber ring resonant cavity, so that an additional frequency locking circuit is needed to lock the frequency in the measurement process, but the additional frequency locking circuit can lead to complex structure of the existing optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor on one hand and can generate additional noise on the other hand, and the measurement accuracy of the existing optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor is further reduced. Based on the above, it is necessary to invent an optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on a wide spectrum light source and a measuring method, so as to solve the problems of low measuring precision, high cost and complex structure of the existing optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on a wide-spectrum light source and a measuring method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of low measuring precision, high cost and complex structure of the traditional optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on the wide spectrum light source comprises the wide spectrum light source, an isolator, a beam splitter, a first coupler, a first optical fiber ring resonator, a PZT phase modulator, a second coupler, a third coupler, a second optical fiber ring resonator, a magnetostrictive rod, a fourth coupler, a beam combiner, a photoelectric detector, an operational amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an FPGA chip, a PC and a digital-to-analog converter;
the emergent end of the wide-spectrum light source is connected with the incident end of the isolator; the emergent end of the isolator is connected with the incident end of the beam splitter; the first emergent end of the beam splitter is coupled with the first optical fiber ring resonator through a first coupler; the first optical fiber ring resonant cavity is wound on the PZT phase modulator; the first optical fiber ring resonant cavity is coupled with a first incident end of the beam combiner through a second coupler; the second emergent end of the beam splitter is coupled with the second optical fiber ring resonator through a third coupler; the second optical fiber ring resonant cavity is wound on the magnetostriction rod; the second optical fiber ring resonant cavity is coupled with a second incident end of the beam combiner through a fourth coupler; the emergent end of the beam combiner is connected with the incident end of the photoelectric detector;
the signal output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the signal input end of the operational amplifier; the signal output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the signal input end of the analog-to-digital converter; the signal output end of the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the signal input end of the FPGA chip; the signal output end of the FPGA chip is respectively connected with the signal input end of the PC and the signal input end of the digital-to-analog converter; the signal output end of the digital-to-analog converter is connected with the signal input end of the PZT phase modulator.
The invention discloses an optical fiber cavity magnetic measurement method based on a wide-spectrum light source (the method is realized based on the optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on the wide-spectrum light source), which is realized by adopting the following steps:
firstly, controlling a sensor to enter a working mode; the working mode is specifically as follows: light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source is isolated by the isolator and then enters the beam splitter, and is divided into two paths of optical signals with equal power by the beam splitter: one path of optical signal is used as a reference optical signal, and the other path of optical signal is used as a measuring optical signal; the reference light signal is incident to the beam combiner through the first coupler, the first optical fiber ring resonant cavity and the second coupler in sequence; the FPGA chip sequentially applies sine wave modulation to the reference light signal through the digital-to-analog converter, the PZT phase modulator and the first optical fiber ring resonant cavity; the measuring optical signal is sequentially transmitted to the beam combiner through the third coupler, the second optical fiber ring resonant cavity and the fourth coupler; the reference light signal and the measuring light signal interfere in the beam combiner, and the generated interference signal is incident to the photoelectric detector and is converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric detector; the electric signal is amplified, analog-to-digital converted and demodulated by an operational amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter and an FPGA chip in sequence and then transmitted to a PC, and the PC obtains the optical power of the interference signal according to the demodulation result;
in the working mode, when a magnetic field acts on the magnetostrictive rod, the magnetostrictive rod deforms to enable the second optical fiber ring resonant cavity to deform, so that the optical power of an interference signal changes, and the PC can calculate the magnetic field intensity according to the optical power change quantity of the interference signal.
Compared with the existing optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor, the optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on the wide spectrum light source and the measuring method have the following advantages: first, the light source of the present invention does not adopt a narrow linewidth laser, but adopts a wide spectrum light source, thereby bringing the following advantages: 1. compared with a narrow linewidth laser, light emitted by a broad-spectrum light source has low coherence, so that parasitic noise in the optical fiber ring resonator is effectively suppressed, and the measurement accuracy is effectively improved. 2. Compared with a narrow linewidth laser, the wide-spectrum light source has low purchase price, thereby effectively reducing the cost. Secondly, the invention does not measure the magnetic field based on the frequency shift of the resonant frequency of the optical fiber ring resonant cavity, but measures the magnetic field based on the optical power variation of the interference signal, so that an additional frequency locking circuit is not needed to be adopted for locking the frequency in the measuring process, thereby effectively simplifying the structure on one hand, effectively avoiding additional noise on the other hand, and further improving the measuring precision.
The invention effectively solves the problems of low measurement precision, high cost and complex structure of the existing optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor, and is suitable for measuring the magnetic field under the condition of environmental disturbance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-broad spectrum light source, a 2-isolator, a 3-beam splitter, a 4-first coupler, a 5-first optical fiber ring resonator, a 6-PZT phase modulator, a 7-second coupler, a 8-third coupler, a 9-second optical fiber ring resonator, a 10-magnetostriction rod, a 11-fourth coupler, a 12-beam combiner, a 13-photoelectric detector, a 14-operational amplifier, a 15-analog-to-digital converter, a 16-FPGA chip, a 17-PC and an 18-digital-to-analog converter.
Detailed Description
An optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on a wide spectrum light source comprises a wide spectrum light source 1, an isolator 2, a beam splitter 3, a first coupler 4, a first optical fiber ring resonator 5, a PZT phase modulator 6, a second coupler 7, a third coupler 8, a second optical fiber ring resonator 9, a magnetostriction rod 10, a fourth coupler 11, a beam combiner 12, a photoelectric detector 13, an operational amplifier 14, an analog-to-digital converter 15, an FPGA chip 16, a PC 17 and a digital-to-analog converter 18;
wherein, the emergent end of the broad spectrum light source 1 is connected with the incident end of the isolator 2; the emergent end of the isolator 2 is connected with the incident end of the beam splitter 3; the first outgoing end of the beam splitter 3 is coupled with a first optical fiber ring resonator 5 through a first coupler 4; the first optical fiber ring resonator 5 is wound on the PZT phase modulator 6; the first optical fiber ring resonator 5 is coupled with the first incident end of the beam combiner 12 through the second coupler 7; the second exit end of the beam splitter 3 is coupled with a second optical fiber ring resonator 9 through a third coupler 8; the second optical fiber ring resonator 9 is wound on the magnetostrictive rod 10; the second optical fiber ring resonator 9 is coupled with the second incident end of the beam combiner 12 through a fourth coupler 11; the emergent end of the beam combiner 12 is connected with the incident end of the photoelectric detector 13;
the signal output end of the photoelectric detector 13 is connected with the signal input end of the operational amplifier 14; the signal output end of the operational amplifier 14 is connected with the signal input end of the analog-to-digital converter 15; the signal output end of the analog-to-digital converter 15 is connected with the signal input end of the FPGA chip 16; the signal output end of the FPGA chip 16 is respectively connected with the signal input end of the PC 17 and the signal input end of the digital-to-analog converter 18; the signal output of the digital-to-analog converter 18 is connected to the signal input of the PZT phase modulator 6.
The broad spectrum light source 1 is an ASE light source.
The beam splitter 3 is a 50:50 beam splitter.
The first optical fiber ring resonator 5 and the second optical fiber ring resonator 9 are polarization maintaining optical fiber ring resonators.
The first fiber ring resonator 5 and the second fiber ring resonator 9 are the same in size and material.
The invention discloses an optical fiber cavity magnetic measurement method based on a wide-spectrum light source (the method is realized based on the optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on the wide-spectrum light source), which is realized by adopting the following steps:
firstly, controlling a sensor to enter a working mode; the working mode is specifically as follows: light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source 1 is isolated by the isolator 2 and then enters the beam splitter 3, and is split into two paths of optical signals with equal power by the beam splitter 3: one path of optical signal is used as a reference optical signal, and the other path of optical signal is used as a measuring optical signal; the reference optical signal is sequentially transmitted to the beam combiner 12 through the first coupler 4, the first optical fiber ring resonator 5 and the second coupler 7; the FPGA chip 16 sequentially applies sine wave modulation to the reference light signal through the digital-to-analog converter 18, the PZT phase modulator 6 and the first optical fiber ring resonator 5; the measuring optical signal is sequentially transmitted to a beam combiner 12 through a third coupler 8, a second optical fiber ring resonant cavity 9 and a fourth coupler 11; the reference optical signal and the measurement optical signal interfere in the beam combiner 12, and the generated interference signal is incident on the photodetector 13 and is converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector 13; the electric signal is amplified, analog-to-digital converted and demodulated by the operational amplifier 14, the analog-to-digital converter 15 and the FPGA chip 16 in sequence and then transmitted to the PC 17, and the PC 17 obtains the optical power of the interference signal according to the demodulation result;
in the working mode, when a magnetic field acts on the magnetostrictive rod 10, the magnetostrictive rod 10 deforms, so that the second optical fiber ring resonant cavity 9 deforms, the optical power of an interference signal changes, and the PC 17 can calculate the magnetic field strength according to the optical power change quantity of the interference signal.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are by way of example only, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on a wide spectrum light source is characterized in that: the wide-spectrum optical fiber array comprises a wide-spectrum light source (1), an isolator (2), a beam splitter (3), a first coupler (4), a first optical fiber ring resonator (5), a PZT phase modulator (6), a second coupler (7), a third coupler (8), a second optical fiber ring resonator (9), a magnetostrictive rod (10), a fourth coupler (11), a beam combiner (12), a photoelectric detector (13), an operational amplifier (14), an analog-to-digital converter (15), an FPGA chip (16), a PC (17) and a digital-to-analog converter (18);
the emergent end of the wide-spectrum light source (1) is connected with the incident end of the isolator (2); the emergent end of the isolator (2) is connected with the incident end of the beam splitter (3); the first emergent end of the beam splitter (3) is coupled with a first optical fiber ring resonant cavity (5) through a first coupler (4); the first optical fiber ring resonant cavity (5) is wound on the PZT phase modulator (6); the first optical fiber ring resonant cavity (5) is coupled with the first incident end of the beam combiner (12) through the second coupler (7); the second emergent end of the beam splitter (3) is coupled with a second optical fiber ring resonant cavity (9) through a third coupler (8); the second optical fiber ring-shaped resonant cavity (9) is wound on the magnetostriction rod (10); the second optical fiber ring resonant cavity (9) is coupled with a second incident end of the beam combiner (12) through a fourth coupler (11); the emergent end of the beam combiner (12) is connected with the incident end of the photoelectric detector (13);
the signal output end of the photoelectric detector (13) is connected with the signal input end of the operational amplifier (14); the signal output end of the operational amplifier (14) is connected with the signal input end of the analog-to-digital converter (15); the signal output end of the analog-to-digital converter (15) is connected with the signal input end of the FPGA chip (16); the signal output end of the FPGA chip (16) is respectively connected with the signal input end of the PC (17) and the signal input end of the digital-to-analog converter (18); the signal output end of the digital-to-analog converter (18) is connected with the signal input end of the PZT phase modulator (6).
2. The fiber optic cavity magnetic sensor based on broad spectrum light source as in claim 1, wherein: the broad spectrum light source (1) is an ASE light source.
3. The fiber optic cavity magnetic sensor based on broad spectrum light source as in claim 1, wherein: the beam splitter (3) is a 50:50 beam splitter.
4. The fiber optic cavity magnetic sensor based on broad spectrum light source as in claim 1, wherein: the first optical fiber ring resonator (5) and the second optical fiber ring resonator (9) are polarization maintaining optical fiber ring resonators.
5. The fiber optic cavity magnetic sensor based on broad spectrum light source as in claim 1, wherein: the first optical fiber ring resonator (5) and the second optical fiber ring resonator (9) are the same in size and material.
6. An optical fiber cavity magnetic measurement method based on a broad spectrum light source, which is realized based on the optical fiber cavity magnetic sensor based on the broad spectrum light source as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized in that: the method is realized by the following steps:
firstly, controlling a sensor to enter a working mode; the working mode is specifically as follows: light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source (1) is isolated by the isolator (2) and then enters the beam splitter (3), and is divided into two paths of optical signals with equal power by the beam splitter (3): one path of optical signal is used as a reference optical signal, and the other path of optical signal is used as a measuring optical signal; the reference optical signal is sequentially transmitted to a beam combiner (12) through a first coupler (4), a first optical fiber ring resonant cavity (5) and a second coupler (7); the FPGA chip (16) sequentially applies sine wave modulation to the reference light signal through the digital-to-analog converter (18), the PZT phase modulator (6) and the first optical fiber ring resonant cavity (5); the measuring optical signal is sequentially transmitted to a beam combiner (12) through a third coupler (8), a second optical fiber ring resonant cavity (9) and a fourth coupler (11); the reference optical signal and the measuring optical signal interfere in the beam combiner (12), and the generated interference signal is incident to the photoelectric detector (13) and is converted into an electric signal through the photoelectric detector (13); the electric signals are sequentially amplified, analog-to-digital converted and demodulated by an operational amplifier (14), an analog-to-digital converter (15) and an FPGA chip (16) and then transmitted to a PC (17), and the PC (17) obtains the optical power of the interference signals according to the demodulation result;
in the working mode, when a magnetic field acts on the magnetostrictive rod (10), the magnetostrictive rod (10) deforms, so that the second optical fiber ring resonant cavity (9) deforms, the optical power of an interference signal changes, and the PC (17) can calculate the magnetic field strength according to the optical power change quantity of the interference signal.
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