CN116927996A - Main shaft phase acquisition method - Google Patents
Main shaft phase acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116927996A CN116927996A CN202310690579.8A CN202310690579A CN116927996A CN 116927996 A CN116927996 A CN 116927996A CN 202310690579 A CN202310690579 A CN 202310690579A CN 116927996 A CN116927996 A CN 116927996A
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 17
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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Abstract
The main shaft phase acquisition method comprises the following steps: 1) The rotary encoder adopts a contact principle, and a roller of the rotary encoder is in direct contact with a main shaft of the unit; 2) When the main shaft rotates, the main shaft drives the idler wheel of the rotary encoder to rotate; 3) A rotary pulse sensor mounted on the roller for transmitting a series of pulses, each pulse representing a distance value; 4) Pulse signals of the rotary encoder are sent to the wireless acquisition unit through a signal cable, converted into digital quantities of 0 and 1, and wirelessly transmitted to the data processing unit through WIFI; the data processing unit counts according to 0 and 1, so that the rotation phase and the linear speed of the main shaft can be converted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydroelectric generating set facility equipment, in particular to a main shaft phase acquisition method, which is a system and a method for acquiring shafting state characteristic parameters of a hydroelectric generating set, and is a divisional application of an invention patent with application number 202111146420.7.
Background
In the traditional scheme for acquiring the shafting adjustment of the hydroelectric generating set, the current state of the spindle shafting is calculated through jigger data. The operator preliminarily determines a shafting adjustment scheme by analyzing the calculation result of the spindle shafting state and by means of human experience, substitutes the adjustment scheme into a calculation formula, and tries to calculate the result of the spindle shafting state adjusted according to the adjustment scheme. If the result is acceptable, the axis is adjusted according to the adjustment scheme. If the result is not acceptable, the adjustment scheme is replaced again for trial calculation until the result is acceptable. Generally, the conventional jigger shafting adjustment method for the hydroelectric generating set has the advantages of long jigger period, large manual measurement and calculation workload, and low calculation accuracy caused by small fixed-point jigger measurement number. In addition, the biggest disadvantage is that the shafting adjustment scheme is given completely based on human experience, and an acceptable but not optimal adjustment scheme can be determined through multiple trial and error.
In view of this, the applicant proposes a system for acquiring the shafting state characteristic parameters of a hydroelectric generating set and a method for acquiring the phase of a main shaft.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize automatic data acquisition and automatic calculation and analysis in the shafting state adjustment process of a water turbine generator set, and provide a reliable basis for finally and automatically giving a shafting adjustment scheme.
A system for acquiring shafting state characteristic parameters of a hydroelectric generating set comprises a phase acquisition device, a mirror plate level measurement device and a swing degree sensor;
the phase acquisition device is arranged at the main shaft and is used for acquiring the phase of the main shaft during disc driving;
the mirror plate level measuring device is arranged on the horizontal plane of the rotating part and is used for automatically and continuously measuring the levelness of the mirror plate of the unit during the coiling;
the swing degree sensor is used for measuring a clearance value between the swing degree sensor and the main shaft; the sensor in-situ calibration device is used for in-situ on-line calibration of the sensitivity coefficient of the eddy current sensor.
The phase acquisition device comprises a support column and a base connected with the bottom end of the support column, wherein the rotating arm is sleeved on the support column, the rotating arm comprises an upper rotating arm and a lower rotating arm which are sleeved on the support column, a limiting block is arranged between the upper rotating arm and the lower rotating arm, the limiting block is sleeved on the support column and connected with the support column through jackscrews, one end of the connecting plate is connected with the rotating arm through a fastening screw, and the relative position of the connecting plate can be adjusted through a straight slide groove arranged on the connecting plate; the other end of the connecting plate is connected with the fixed plate through a fastening screw; the rotary encoder is fixed by a fastening screw on the fixed plate.
The back of the fastening screw is provided with a hook which is connected with the limiting block through a spring and used for applying pretightening force to the rotation of the rotating arm; the end of the fixed plate, which is connected with the connecting plate, is provided with an arc chute, so that the fixed plate can be finely adjusted in the up-down, front-back and circumferential directions.
The mirror plate level measuring device comprises a level measuring sensor and an acquisition module connected with the level measuring sensor;
in the turning process, when the mirror plate levelness is calculated by adopting the mirror plate level measuring device, the following method is adopted:
and (3) carrying out X-direction and Y-direction vector decomposition on the inclination angle data acquired by the level measurement sensor at any azimuth of the mirror plate. Collected tilt angle data beta, e.g. at mirror plate angle alpha αi Decomposition into X-direction vector beta αiX Y-direction vector beta αiY The method comprises the following steps:
β αiX ＝β αi cosαi；αi∈[0,360)
β αiY ＝β αi sinαi；αi∈[0,360)
inclination angle X direction vector beta of plane measured by unit rotation horizontal sensor X Y vector beta X The calculation method comprises the following steps:
the inclination angle beta and azimuth angle theta are calculated as follows:
the azimuth angle of the levelness of the mirror plate is θ, and the levelness H (mm/m) is:
H＝tgβ×1000；(mm/m)。
the swing degree sensor adopts an eddy current sensor;
the sensitivity coefficient of the eddy current sensor is calibrated by a sensor in-situ calibration device,
the sensor in-situ calibration device comprises a base, a high-precision translation platform is arranged on the base, a vertical column arranged vertically is connected with the upper end face of the high-precision translation platform at the bottom end, and an eddy current sensor is arranged at the upper end of the vertical column and perpendicular to the vertical column.
The upright post is parallel to the main shaft, the electric vortex sensor is of a strip-shaped structure, and the detection end of the electric vortex sensor is close to the main shaft.
The upper end of the upright post is provided with a round hole in a penetrating way, and the electric vortex sensor is transversely connected with the round hole in a matched way and is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the upright post through a fixing nut.
The high-precision translation platform can drive the upright post to move in the X direction/Y direction.
The high-precision translation platform comprises an X-direction adjusting module, a Y-direction adjusting module and an adjusting knob, wherein the X-direction adjusting module can generate X-direction accurate displacement through the X-direction coarse adjusting knob and the X-direction fine adjusting knob, and the Y-direction adjusting module can generate Y-direction accurate displacement through the Y-direction coarse adjusting knob and the Y-direction coarse adjusting knob.
When the sensitivity coefficient of the eddy current sensor is calibrated by using the in-situ calibration device, the following steps are adopted:
1) Fixing an in-situ calibration device near a measurement part of the sensor; then fixing the eddy current sensor on an in-situ calibration device, connecting the output signal of the calibrated eddy current sensor to a layer acquisition device, and providing a sensor power supply;
2) After the preparation work is finished, the distance between the eddy current sensor and the main shaft is adjusted through the high-precision translation platform, a signal processing computer automatically records the voltage/current signal output by the calibrated sensor, in addition, high-precision scale data on the in-situ calibration device are manually read, a gap adjustment value between the eddy current sensor and the main shaft is calculated, and the data are synchronously input into the computer;
3) After signals and data of a plurality of displacement points are obtained through measurement in the steps, a signal processing computer calculates and obtains a sensitivity coefficient to be verified of a calibrated sensor by adopting a least square method;
4) And adjusting the distance between the surface of the main shaft and the sensor by adopting the obtained sensitivity coefficient to be checked, recording the displacement output measured by the eddy current sensor and the actual displacement measured manually, comparing the errors between the displacement output and the actual displacement by the eddy current sensor point by point to form an error analysis report, and if the error between the eddy current sensor and the error between the eddy current sensor is within an allowable range, completing on-line calibration, wherein the sensitivity coefficient to be checked is the sensitivity coefficient of the eddy current sensor for measuring the system.
The main shaft phase acquisition method comprises the following steps:
1) The rotary encoder adopts a contact principle, and a roller of the rotary encoder is in direct contact with a main shaft of the unit;
2) When the main shaft rotates, the main shaft drives the idler wheel of the rotary encoder to rotate;
3) A rotary pulse sensor mounted on the roller for transmitting a series of pulses, each pulse representing a distance value;
4) Pulse signals of the rotary encoder are sent to the wireless acquisition unit through a signal cable, converted into digital quantities of 0 and 1, and wirelessly transmitted to the data processing unit through WIFI. The data processing unit counts according to 0 and 1, so that the rotation phase and the linear speed of the main shaft can be converted.
The rotary pulse sensor on the wheel sends a series of pulses as the wheel of the rotary encoder rotates. Each pulse represents a roller producing a specified displacement value. Assuming that the diameter of the spindle is D (unit: mm), and the pulse count is n in time t, the calculation formula of the rotation angle alpha of the spindle corresponding to the moment is:
roller rotation linear velocity V 1 The method comprises the following steps:
spindle rotational linear velocity V 2 The method comprises the following steps:
a method for calculating the levelness of a mirror plate in the turning process comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out X-direction and Y-direction vector decomposition on the inclination angle data acquired by the level measurement sensor at any azimuth of the mirror plate. Collected tilt angle data beta, e.g. at mirror plate angle alpha αi Decomposition into X-direction vector beta αiX Y-direction vector beta αiY The method comprises the following steps:
β αiX ＝β αi cosαi；αi∈[0,360)
β αiY ＝β αi sinαi；αi∈[0,360)
inclination angle X direction vector beta of plane measured by unit rotation horizontal sensor X Y vector beta X The calculation method comprises the following steps:
the inclination angle beta and azimuth angle theta are calculated as follows:
the azimuth angle of the levelness of the mirror plate is θ, and the levelness H (mm/m) is:
H＝tgβ×1000；(mm/m)。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1) The invention fills the blank of the continuous turning axis adjustment technology of the vertical hydroelectric generating set, adopts an electrical measurement method to automatically collect data, adopts wireless communication, automatically calculates and analyzes, automatically gives an axis adjustment scheme, solves the problems of low automation degree and large manual measurement/calculation error of the traditional method, can obviously improve the working efficiency and adjustment precision of the axis adjustment of the set, shortens the overhaul period and saves manpower and material resources;
2) The invention adopts the contact rotary encoder to realize high-precision continuous measurement of the main shaft phase under any turning mode, and solves the problem that the prior traditional technologies such as key phase measurement, photoelectric measurement, fluted disc measurement and the like can not carry out continuous measurement of the main shaft phase;
3) Compared with the traditional measuring mode for the level of the mirror plate, which is usually measured by using an imaging level meter, the measuring point is few and manual reading is needed, and the situations of low precision, reading error, inaccurate stopping point and the like exist.
4) The sensor in-situ calibration technology adopted in the invention can well calibrate the sensitivity coefficient of the eddy current sensor on site, and effectively eliminates the influence of the main shaft material and the curvature on the measurement result.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the phase acquisition device in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the phase acquisition device;
FIG. 4 is a rear view of the phase acquisition device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sensor in-situ calibration apparatus of FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a system for acquiring shafting state characteristic parameters of a hydroelectric generating set,
the device comprises a phase acquisition device 1, a mirror plate level measurement device 2 and a swing degree sensor 4;
the phase acquisition device 1 is arranged at the main shaft 5 and is used for acquiring the phase of the main shaft during disc driving;
the mirror plate level measuring device 2 is arranged on the horizontal plane of the rotating part and is used for automatically and continuously measuring the levelness of the mirror plate of the unit during the turning;
the swing degree sensor 4 adopts an eddy current sensor;
the swing degree sensor 4 is used for measuring a clearance value between the main shaft 5 and the swing degree sensor; the sensor in-situ calibration device 3 is used for performing in-situ on-line calibration on the sensitivity coefficient of the eddy current sensor;
regarding the eddy current sensor:
1) The probe is arranged near the tested main shaft by adopting a magnetic bracket;
2) The probe must be installed to be opposite to the center of the main shaft;
3) The probe is aligned with the effective measuring surface; the effective measuring surface means: the measuring surface has no nicks, holes, bosses and the like, is smooth and clean and has no plating layer;
4) The gap between the probe and the main shaft must be properly adjusted;
5) Ensuring correct wiring; directly accessing the wireless acquisition unit.
The mirror plate level measuring device 2 includes a mirror plate level sensor, with respect to which:
1) The horizontal measuring sensor and the wireless sensor acquisition and power supply device are horizontally arranged on the thrust head;
2) The sensor and the wireless acquisition and power supply device ensure that no obstruction exists in the rotation process of the unit;
3) The sensor is transmitted to the signal processor by a repeater using wireless transmission.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, in order to make the jigger phase obtain more time-saving, labor-saving and accurate in the jigger process, a phase acquisition device is provided; the device comprises a support column 1-2 and a base 1-1 connected with the bottom end of the support column 1-2, wherein a rotating arm 1-3 is sleeved on the support column 1-2, the rotating arm 1-3 comprises an upper rotating arm sleeved on the support column 1-2 and a lower rotating arm, a limiting block 1-7 is arranged between the upper rotating arm and the lower rotating arm, the limiting block 1-7 is sleeved on the support column 1-2, the limiting block 1-7 is connected with the support column 1-2 through a jackscrew 1-8, one end of a connecting plate 1-4 is connected with the rotating arm 1-3 through a fastening screw 1-9, and the relative position can be adjusted through a straight chute arranged on the connecting plate 1-4; the other end of the connecting plate 1-4 is connected with the fixed plate 1-5 through a fastening screw 1-10; the rotary encoder 1-12 is fixed by fastening screws 1-11 on the fixing plate 1-5. The phase acquisition device is used for installing and fixing the spindle phase sensor;
regarding the spindle phase sensor:
1) The probe is arranged near the tested main shaft by adopting a magnetic bracket;
2) The hard polyurethane rubber roller of the sensor needs to be tangent to the main shaft;
3) Directly access the collector to ensure correct wiring.
Furthermore, the back of the fastening screw 1-9 is provided with a hook which is connected with the limiting block 1-7 through the spring 1-6 and used for applying a pretightening force to the rotation of the rotating arm 1-3, and the rotary encoder 1-12 tightly abuts against the cylindrical measuring surface of the main shaft 5 of the unit by means of the pretightening force generated by the spring 1-6, so that the damping between the encoder roller and the main shaft 5 is greatly increased, and the slipping is effectively prevented.
In order to facilitate the fine adjustment of the bracket, an arc chute is arranged at the end of the fixing plate 1-5 connected with the connecting plate 1-4, so that the fixing plate 1-5 can be fine adjusted in the up-down, front-back and circumferential directions.
In the data transmission mode, the acquisition signals of the rotary encoders 1-12 are sent to the wireless acquisition unit through a signal cable and then transmitted to the data processing unit through wireless/wired transmission.
The rotary encoders 1-12 are arranged at the main shaft 5 and are used for continuously collecting the phase of the main shaft during disc driving.
Wherein, contact rotary encoder sensor and unit main shaft direct contact. When the main shaft rotates, the main shaft contacts with the rotary speed sensor, and friction force drives the roller of the sensor to rotate. A rotary pulse sensor mounted on the roller transmits a series of pulses. Each pulse represents a distance value such that the linear velocity V can be measured. Assuming D is the roller diameter in mm and pi D pulses are output per roller revolution, 1 pulse represents a distance value of 1mm. Let n be the pulse count in time t, the linear velocity V is:in the present system, it is not the purpose to measure the rotational linear velocity of the spindle surface, but the measurement phase is the real purpose. And correspondingly, the accumulated pulse count corresponds to the rotational phase of the unit.
In order to facilitate the installation of the base, the base 1-1 is a magnetic base and can be attracted with a metal surface.
A hard polyurethane rubber layer is arranged on the surface of the roller of the rotary encoder 1-12.
When the invention is used, the following steps are adopted:
1) The rotary encoders 1-12 adopt a contact principle, and the rollers of the rotary encoders 1-12 are in direct contact with the main shaft 5 of the unit;
2) When the main shaft 5 rotates, the main shaft 5 drives the rollers of the rotary encoders 1-12 to rotate;
3) A rotary pulse sensor mounted on the roller for transmitting a series of pulses, each pulse representing a distance value;
4) Pulse signals of the rotary encoders 1-12 are sent to the wireless acquisition unit through signal cables, converted into digital quantities of 0 and 1, and wirelessly transmitted to the data processing unit through WIFI. The data processing unit counts according to 0 and 1, so that the rotation phase and the linear speed of the main shaft can be converted.
Wherein the rotary pulse sensor on the wheel sends a series of pulses when the wheel of the rotary encoder 1-12 rotates. Each pulse represents a roller producing a displacement value of 1mm. Assuming that the diameter of the spindle is D (unit: mm), and the pulse count is n in time t, the calculation formula of the rotation angle alpha of the spindle corresponding to the moment is:
roller rotation linear velocity V 1 The method comprises the following steps:
spindle rotational linear velocity V 2 The method comprises the following steps:
in order to achieve the purpose of accurate measurement, when a fixed-point turning mode is adopted, the turning number is 1-2. Setting the phase of a main shaft of a turning starting point to 0 DEG, and automatically acquiring data by a rotary encoder in the turning process to perform phase calculation.
When adopting the continuous jigger mode, the jigger number is not limited, and the accumulated error of the phase measurement is eliminated by matching with the key phase signal. When key phase signals appear on each circle of the main shaft turning, the accumulated pulse acquired by the rotary encoders 1-12 is set to zero, the error of the phase measurement of the previous period is eliminated, and the subsequent pulse is accumulated again, so that the accurate phase of the main shaft of the unit at any moment can be obtained.
Furthermore, a key phase block can be attached to the main shaft, pulse data of a key phase signal and pulse data of the contact type rotation speed sensor are synchronously collected, and meanwhile, the pulse output by the phase sensor is accumulated to obtain a real-time relative angle.
The mirror plate level measuring device 2 comprises a level measuring sensor and an acquisition module connected with the level measuring sensor;
in the turning process, when calculating the levelness of the mirror plate, the following method is adopted:
and (3) carrying out X-direction and Y-direction vector decomposition on the inclination angle data acquired by the level measurement sensor at any azimuth of the mirror plate. Collected tilt angle data beta, e.g. at mirror plate angle alpha αi Decomposition into X-direction vector beta αiX Y-direction vector beta αiY The method comprises the following steps:
β αiX ＝β αi cosαi；αi∈[0,360)
β αiY ＝β αi sinαi；αi∈[0,360)
inclination angle X direction vector beta of plane measured by unit rotation horizontal sensor X Y vector beta X The calculation method comprises the following steps:
the inclination angle beta and azimuth angle theta are calculated as follows:
the azimuth angle of the levelness of the mirror plate is θ, and the levelness H (mm/m) is:
H＝tgβ×1000；(mm/m)。
the mirror plate level measuring device 2 is connected with a wireless acquisition unit arranged on the lower guide bearing (or thrust bearing) in a wireless mode. The wireless acquisition units of all layers convert the acquired sensor signals into digital signals, and the digital signals are amplified by the signal repeater in a wireless communication mode and then are transmitted to the data processing unit in a wireless mode. The data processing unit acquires acquired data through the Ethernet, obtains characteristic parameters reflecting the shafting state of the unit through data processing and a software algorithm, and generates a shafting adjustment scheme through a shafting adjustment calculation model;
the level measurement sensor is connected with the acquisition module in a RS232 wired mode, and further comprises a storage battery module, wherein the storage battery module supplies power for the level measurement sensor and the acquisition module at the same time. The acquisition module is in data communication with the wireless acquisition unit through a WIFI communication mode. The wireless acquisition unit is in data communication with the data processing unit in a WIFI communication mode,
since the geometric shape, geometric dimension and current frequency of the coil of the eddy current sensor are determined, the sensitivity of the eddy current sensor is not only related to the distance between the surface of the measured metal and the probe, but also related to the magnetic permeability and the electric conductivity of the measured metal body, so that the sensitivity of the eddy current sensor is different when the same eddy current sensor is used for measuring the displacement of the metal bodies with different magnetic permeability and electric conductivity; as shown in fig. 5, in order to calibrate the sensitivity of the eddy current sensor when measuring the main shaft of different materials, the invention provides a sensor in-situ calibration device;
the in-situ calibration device for the swing degree sensor of the hydroelectric generating set comprises a base 3-1, a high-precision translation platform 3-2 is arranged on the base 3-1, a vertical column 3-4 which is vertically arranged is connected with the upper end face of the high-precision translation platform 3-2 at the bottom end, and an eddy current sensor 3-6 is arranged at the upper end of the vertical column 3-4 and perpendicular to the vertical column 3-4.
Regarding the eddy current sensor 3-6:
1) The electric vortex sensor is firstly calibrated by an in-situ calibration sensor in the installation process;
2) Performing linear relation calibration by taking-2V voltage as a starting point and-18V voltage as an end point;
3) And inputting the calibration data into a signal processor for sensor calibration.
The base 3-1 is preferably a magnetic base;
the upright posts 3-4 are parallel to the main shaft 5, the eddy current sensor 3-6 is of a strip-shaped structure, and the detection end of the eddy current sensor is close to the main shaft 5.
The sensor fixing upright post is used for a calibrated eddy current sensor and is used for measuring the gap displacement between the sensor and the main shaft of the unit;
the upper end of the upright post 3-4 is provided with a round hole in a penetrating way, and the electric vortex sensor is transversely connected with the round hole in a matching way and is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the upright post 3-4 through a fixing nut 3-5.
Regarding the high-precision translation platform, the high-precision translation platform 3-2 can drive the upright post 3-4 to move in the X direction/Y direction.
The high-precision translation platform 3-2 comprises an X-direction adjusting module, a Y-direction adjusting module and an adjusting knob 3-3, wherein the X-direction adjusting module can generate X-direction accurate displacement through an X-direction rough adjusting knob and an X-direction fine adjusting knob, and the Y-direction adjusting module can generate Y-direction accurate displacement through a Y-direction rough adjusting knob and a Y-direction rough adjusting knob.
The horizontal position adjusting device of the high-precision horizontal translation platform can realize a small-range manual adjusting device in two horizontal directions, and the device is provided with a high-precision measuring scale, can read the parameters of the adjusting range, the distance and the like, and has the precision of 0.1um. The high-precision horizontal translation platform is horizontally fixed on a bracket or other static parts through a base.
The upright post is fixed on the horizontal translation platform. The position of the force column is adjusted by adjusting an adjusting knob on the platform, so that the gap between the sensor and the main shaft is adjusted. The gap can be adjusted by reading from a measuring scale with high precision on the device.
In order to facilitate better and more accurate understanding by those skilled in the art and ease of implementation, the parameters provided in relation to the high precision translation stage are as follows:
1) Model number represents: XYW60H-13U;
2) Two-dimensional ultra-precise translation table with table top size of 60X 60mm and travel of 13mm
3) The sliding structure adopts a crossed roller guide structure, so that the bearing capacity is larger, and the moving stability and the stability are better.
4) Precise two-stage adjustment, micro head adjustment, reading, minimum resolution: 0.1um.
5) The bottom of the platform is provided with mounting holes, so that the platform can be conveniently mounted on other platforms or is additionally provided with a mounting bottom plate for downward mounting.
6) Alloy aluminum, black oxidation on the surface, and can be used as a translation stage made of stainless steel if special needs exist.
Further, the signal end of the eddy current sensor 3-6 is connected with the acquisition unit through a cable 3-7, and the acquisition unit is connected with the data processing unit through a wire/wireless.
The output signal of the calibrated eddy current sensor is connected to the acquisition device for continuous acquisition, and the acquired output signal can be transmitted to the data processing unit through a wireless network.
In order to facilitate better and more accurate understanding by the person skilled in the art and to facilitate implementation, the parameters provided in relation to the acquisition device, the data processing unit are as follows:
the wireless acquisition unit with the model of DMS-16CLD can be selected, has compact structure and small volume, consists of a power module, an acquisition processing module and a wireless transceiver module, is internally provided with an independent high-precision amplification conditioning circuit in each channel of the node, and is compatible with various sensors such as displacement, acceleration, pressure, temperature and the like. The nodes support 2-wire, 3-wire and 4-wire input modes simultaneously. The acquired data can be transmitted to the computer in real time in a wireless manner, and can be stored in a 2G data memory arranged in the node, so that the accuracy of the acquired data is ensured. The communication mode adopts the WiFi protocol, and has the advantages of high communication bandwidth, and air transmission rate of 11MB/s, thereby completely meeting the data communication requirement of multichannel high-speed continuous acquisition. Under the condition of signal relay, the effective transmission record can reach more than 500 m.
The data processing unit can adopt a data processing computer, such as a notebook computer;
the wireless sensor also comprises a storage battery, the storage battery can provide power for the eddy current sensor and the wireless acquisition unit, and the storage battery can be built in the wireless acquisition unit.
When the sensitivity coefficient of the eddy current sensor is calibrated by adopting the invention, the following steps are adopted:
1) Fixing an in-situ calibration device 3 near a measurement part of the sensor; then fixing the current vortex sensor on an in-situ calibration device 3, connecting the output signal of the calibrated current vortex sensor to a layer acquisition device, and providing a sensor power supply;
2) After the preparation work is finished, the distance between the eddy current sensor and the main shaft is adjusted through the high-precision translation platform, a signal processing computer automatically records the voltage/current signal output by the calibrated sensor, in addition, high-precision scale data on the in-situ calibration device are manually read, a gap adjustment value between the eddy current sensor and the main shaft is calculated, and the data are synchronously input into the computer;
3) After signals and data of a plurality of displacement points are obtained through measurement in the steps, a signal processing computer calculates and obtains a sensitivity coefficient to be verified of a calibrated sensor by adopting a least square method;
4) And adjusting the distance between the surface of the main shaft and the sensor by adopting the obtained sensitivity coefficient to be checked, recording the displacement output measured by the eddy current sensor and the actual displacement measured manually, comparing the errors between the displacement output and the actual displacement by the eddy current sensor point by point to form an error analysis report, and if the error between the eddy current sensor and the error between the eddy current sensor is within an allowable range, completing on-line calibration, wherein the sensitivity coefficient to be checked is the sensitivity coefficient of the eddy current sensor for measuring the system.
The system can be used for acquiring the shafting state characteristic parameters of the hydroelectric generating set; the device can be used for adjusting the shafting of the hydroelectric generating set; the shafting adjustment of the mixed-flow hydroelectric generating set is specifically introduced as follows:
a shafting adjustment method of a mixed flow type hydroelectric generating set comprises the following steps:
step 1: measuring jigger related data;
step 2: resampling according to the phase of the main shaft;
step 3: acquiring the swing degree of a main shaft in the turning process;
step 4: acquiring levelness of a mirror plate in the turning process;
step 5: acquiring rotation center data of a unit;
step 6: acquiring a shafting adjustment scheme;
in step 5, the mixed flow unit mainly measures the upper and lower air gaps of the stator and the rotor and the upper and lower leakage-stopping ring gaps of the rotating wheel.
In step 1, before turning starts, all the swing degree sensor measurement values are zeroed, and in the turning process, X-direction swing degree measurement value AX is obtained α1 ～AX αn Y-direction swing measurement AY α1 ～AY αn Measured value of levelness of mirror plate, measured value of clearance between rotating part and fixed part G α1 ～G αn ；
In step 2, resampling the data collected by all the sensors rotating around the jigger according to the rotation angle of the main shaft, wherein the number of equal division points is even n, and the first point after resampling is the starting point, and the angle value corresponding to a certain point i (i epsilon [0, n ]) is:
in the step 3, the turning mode comprises a fixed-point turning mode and a continuous turning mode;
aiming at the fixed-point turning mode, the following steps are adopted:
and (3) carrying out vector decomposition on all the swing degree values of the X-direction measuring point and the Y-direction measuring point of a certain section after resampling to obtain an X-direction component and a Y-direction component. The vector component X of the measuring point of the X azimuth of the section x 、X y Vector component Y of Y-direction measuring point x 、Y y The method comprises the following steps:
calculating offset coordinates X and Y of the geometric center of the section rotating part relative to the rotation center, wherein the offset coordinates X and Y are respectively as follows:
X＝(X x +Y x )/2
Y＝(X y +Y y )/2
the offset coordinates of the geometric center of each section rotating part relative to the rotation center are calculated as follows:
X upper guide 、Y Upper guide 、X Down guide 、Y Down guide 、X Flange 、Y Flange 、X Water guide 、Y Water guide
After the calculation of the center deviation of each section axis is completed, the swing value of the position limiting the horizontal displacement is subtracted in the swing calculation, and the center deviation of each section axis is subtracted by the displacement of the lower guide position;
X′ upper guide ＝X Upper guide －X Down guide ，Y′ Upper guide ＝Y Upper guide －Y Down guide
X′ Flange ＝X Flange －X Down guide ，Y′ Flange ＝Y Flange －Y Down guide
X′ Water guide ＝X Water guide －X Down guide ，Y′ Water guide ＝Y Water guide －Y Down guide
The swing and the azimuth of each section are as follows:
swing degree:
swing azimuth angle:
in step 3, for the continuous turning mode, the following steps are adopted:
method 1: the full-swing degree value is calculated according to the opposite side subtraction in the continuous jigger process, and the maximum full-swing degree of the rotating component actually occurring in the rotating process can be captured due to the continuous rotation phase of the continuous jigger, and the main shaft X-direction movement displacement value X corresponding to the angle alpha i and the angle alpha i+180 DEG of the computer set is calculated αi Y-direction play value Y αi The method comprises the following steps:
X αi ＝AX( αi+180° )-AX αi ；αi∈[0，180°]
Y αi ＝AY( αi+180° )-AY αi ；αi∈[0，180°]
full throw R corresponding to the angle alpha αi The method comprises the following steps:
after all angles of each section are calculated, the swing value of the horizontal displacement position (lower guide) limited by the corresponding angle is subtracted when the upper guide and water guide net swing are calculated, and the maximum full swing amplitude and net swing amplitude are found out from the upper guide and water guide swing, namely the maximum double amplitude of the jigger, and the corresponding angle is the maximum double amplitude angle. In order to detect the concentricity of the upper end shaft and the rotor flange, a relative net swing value of the upper guide full swing degree deducting the full swing degree of the rotor lower flange is also required to be calculated.
Method 2: the algorithm is the same as the fixed-point turning mode, and the calculated equal-part angle is calculated according to one point of 0.5 degrees.
In step 4, when calculating the levelness of the mirror plate in the turning process, the inclination angle data acquired by the mirror plate level sensor are subjected to X-direction vector decomposition and Y-direction vector decomposition. Collected tilt angle data beta, e.g. at mirror plate angle alpha αi Decomposition into X-direction vector beta αiX Y-direction vector beta αiY The method comprises the following steps:
β αiX ＝β αi cosαi；αi∈[0,360)
β αiY ＝β αi sinαi；αi∈[0,360)
inclination angle X direction vector beta of plane measured by unit rotation horizontal sensor X Y vector beta X The calculation method comprises the following steps:
the inclination angle beta and azimuth angle theta are calculated as follows:
the azimuth angle of the levelness of the mirror plate is θ, and the levelness H (mm/m) is:
H＝tgβ×1000；(mm/m)。
in step 5, the jigger process carries out the measurement of the gap values of each part of the rotating part and the fixed part of the unit, calculates the rotation center of the unit, mainly measures the upper and lower air gaps of the stator and the rotor and the upper and lower leakage-stopping ring gaps of the rotating wheel,
when turning, the clearance values of the fixed component and the rotating component at the two directions of 0 degree and 180 degrees are required to be measured, and vector decomposition is carried out to X direction and Y direction.
At 0 deg. time, the geometrical center of the rotating part is eccentric with respect to the fixed part by an eccentric value X 0 Y and Y 0 The method comprises the following steps:
/>
at 180 deg. the geometrical centre of the rotating part is eccentric with respect to the stationary part by an amount X 180 Y and Y 180 The method comprises the following steps:
the stationary part is displaced with respect to the centre of rotation coordinate and the eccentricity X 1 Y and Y 1 The method comprises the following steps:
X 1 ＝-(X 0 +X 180 )/2
Y 1 ＝-(Y 0 +Y 180 )/2
eccentricity:
eccentric orientation:
0 degree azimuth rotation part geometric center relative to rotation center coordinate X 2 Y and Y 2 The method comprises the following steps:
X 2 ＝(X 0 -X 180 )/2
Y 2 ＝(Y 0 -Y 180 )/2
eccentricity value:
eccentric orientation:
swing coordinate X of rotating part 3 Y and Y 3 The method comprises the following steps:
X 3 ＝-2*X 2
Y 3 ＝-2*Y 2
swing value:
swing azimuth:
in step 6, when the mixed flow unit shafting adjustment scheme is obtained, the following steps are adopted:
1) Acquiring a mirror plate horizontal adjustment scheme;
2) Acquiring an axis adjustment scheme;
3) Acquiring a rotation center adjustment scheme;
in step 1), upon acquisition of a mirror plate level adjustment scheme;
n supporting bolts are arranged on the mirror plate part, the distance from the mounting position of the supporting bolts to the center of the mirror plate is R, the levelness of the mirror plate is L, and the azimuth angle is theta;
the adjustment amount A of the stay bolt at the angle alpha α The calculation formula is as follows:
A α ＝-R×L×cos(β-α)；
in step 2), upon acquisition of an axis adjustment scheme;
the geometrical center coordinate X of the upper guide measuring surface is calculated by subtracting the displacement value of the thrust from the swing of each section Upper guide 、Y Upper guide Geometric center coordinate X of lower flange measuring surface of rotor Lower flange 、Y Lower flange Geometric center coordinate X of water guide measuring surface Water guide 、Y Water guide Center coordinate X of upper guide relative to lower flange of rotor Upper guide-lower flange 、Y Upper guide-lower flange ；
When the geometric center coordinates of the upper guide measuring surface are too large, the center coordinates of the upper guide relative to the lower flange of the rotor need to be comprehensively analyzed.
1) If X Upper guide-lower flange 、Y Upper guide-lower flange If the diameter is too large, the eccentricity between the upper end shaft and the upper flange of the rotor is large, and adjustment is needed. The adjustment value and the adjustment direction are as follows:
adjustment value:
adjusting the azimuth:
2) If X Upper guide-lower flange 、Y Upper guide-lower flange If the rotation center is smaller, the relative positions of the thrust head and the rotor need to be adjusted, and the water guide geometric center data needs to be combined for adjustment at the moment, so that the rotation center of the unit is adjusted to be in the water guide geometric center and the upper guide geometric centerThe middle position of the heart.
In step 3), upon acquisition of the rotation center adjustment scheme;
the adjustment of the rotation center is to calculate and analyze the clearance values of each section fixing part and the rotation part to obtain the coordinate of the geometric center of the section fixing part relative to the rotation center of the rotation part, the coordinate is used as the basis of horizontal pushing of the main shaft, the clearance of each section is adjusted to the optimal range through the horizontal pushing shaft, before the pushing shaft scheme is calculated, the adjustment range and the priority of the clearance values of each end face are set according to the actual condition of the machine set, the priority of the clearance values is two-stage, and the critical clearance values are the clearance values which need to be adjusted to the optimal clearance values on the basis that other clearance values only meet the standard. The normal-level gap value refers to a gap value that meets only the criterion.
The method of the push shaft algorithm in the system depends on the high-speed computing capability of a computer, and the alternative scheme is as follows: trial pushing is carried out on each azimuth of 360 degrees of the main shaft, and the angle step length is 1 degree. The trial pushing amount is from 0mm to 10mm, and the trial pushing step length is 0.001mm. The system firstly selects a push shaft scheme with the gap value of each part reaching the standard from a plurality of test push schemes, and then finds out the scheme with the optimal priority gap value from the schemes as a recommended scheme.
The invention also provides a fixed-point jigger swing degree calculating method, which comprises the following steps:
1. vector-decomposing all the swing degree values of the X-direction measuring point and the Y-direction measuring point of a certain section into an X-direction component and a Y-direction component after resampling;
2. calculating offset coordinates X and Y of the geometric center of the section rotating part relative to the rotating center;
3. calculating the offset coordinates of the geometric center of each section rotating part relative to the rotation center;
4. after the center deviation calculation of the axes of each section is completed, the swing value of the position limiting the horizontal displacement is subtracted in the swing calculation, so that the swing and the azimuth of each section are obtained.
In step 1, the cross-section X azimuth measurement point vector component X x 、X y Vector component Y of Y-direction measuring point x 、Y y The method comprises the following steps:
/>
in step 2, offset coordinates X and Y of the geometric center of the rotary cross-section member with respect to the rotation center are calculated as:
X＝(X x +Y x )/2
Y＝(X y +Y y )/2；
in step 3, offset coordinates of the geometric center of each cross-sectional rotating member with respect to the rotational center are calculated as follows:
X upper guide 、Y Upper guide 、X Down guide 、Y Down guide 、X Flange 、Y Flange 、X Water guide 、Y Water guide
In the step 4, after the calculation of the center deviation of each section axis is completed, the swing value of the position limiting the horizontal displacement is required to be deducted in the calculation of the swing, and the displacement of the position of the lower guide is required to be deducted in the center deviation of each section axis;
X′ upper guide ＝X Upper guide －X Down guide ，Y′ Upper guide ＝Y Upper guide －Y Down guide
X′ Flange ＝X Flange －X Down guide ，Y′ Flange ＝Y Flange －Y Down guide
X′ Water guide ＝X Water guide －X Down guide ，Y′ Water guide ＝Y Water guide －Y Down guide
The swing and the azimuth of each section are as follows:
swing degree:
swing azimuth angle:
the invention also comprises a continuous jigger swing degree calculating method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: calculating according to the opposite side subtraction in the continuous jigger process to obtain a full-swing value;
step 2: after all angles of each section are calculated, obtaining an upward guiding and water guiding net swing value;
step 3: and finding out the maximum full swing amplitude and the net swing amplitude in the upper guide and the water guide swing, namely the maximum double amplitude of the jigger, and the corresponding angle is the maximum double amplitude angle.
In step 1, when the full throw value is acquired, the following steps are adopted:
calculating a main axis X-direction movement displacement value X corresponding to an angle alpha i and alpha i+180 DEG of the set αi Y-direction play value Y αi The method comprises the following steps:
X αi ＝AX( αi+180 °)-AX αi ；αi∈[0，180°]
Y αi ＝AY( αi+180 °)-AY αi ；αi∈[0，180°]
full throw R corresponding to the angle alpha αi The method comprises the following steps:
the invention also comprises a shafting adjustment method of the mixed flow unit, which comprises the following steps:
1. acquiring a mirror plate horizontal adjustment scheme;
2. acquiring an axis adjustment scheme;
3. acquiring a rotation center adjustment scheme;
in step 1, when a mirror plate level adjustment scheme is acquired;
n supporting bolts are arranged on the mirror plate part, the distance from the mounting position of the supporting bolts to the center of the mirror plate is R, the levelness of the mirror plate is L, and the azimuth angle is theta;
the adjustment amount A of the stay bolt at the angle alpha α The calculation formula is as follows:
A α ＝-R×L×cos(β-α)；
in step 2, when an axis adjustment scheme is acquired;
the geometrical center coordinate X of the upper guide measuring surface is calculated by subtracting the displacement value of the thrust from the swing of each section Upper guide 、Y Upper guide Geometric center coordinate X of lower flange measuring surface of rotor Lower flange 、Y Lower flange Geometric center coordinate X of water guide measuring surface Water guide 、Y Water guide Center coordinate X of upper guide relative to lower flange of rotor Upper guide-lower flange 、Y Upper guide-lower flange ；
When the geometric center coordinates of the upper guide measuring surface are too large, the center coordinates of the upper guide relative to the lower flange of the rotor need to be comprehensively analyzed.
1) If X Upper guide-lower flange 、Y Upper guide-lower flange If the diameter is too large, the eccentricity between the upper end shaft and the upper flange of the rotor is large, and adjustment is needed. The adjustment value and the adjustment direction are as follows:
adjustment value:
adjusting the azimuth:
2) If X Upper guide-lower flange 、Y Upper guide-lower flange If the rotation center is smaller, the relative positions of the thrust head and the rotor need to be adjusted, and the water guide geometric center data needs to be combined for adjustment at the moment, so that the rotation center of the unit is adjusted to the water guide geometric center and the upper guide geometric centerA center intermediate position.
In step 3, when the rotation center adjustment scheme is acquired;
the adjustment of the rotation center is to calculate and analyze the clearance values of each section fixing part and the rotation part to obtain the coordinate of the geometric center of the section fixing part relative to the rotation center of the rotation part, the coordinate is used as the basis of horizontal pushing of the main shaft, the clearance of each section is adjusted to the optimal range through the horizontal pushing shaft, before the pushing shaft scheme is calculated, the adjustment range and the priority of the clearance values of each end face are set according to the actual condition of the machine set, the priority of the clearance values is two-stage, and the critical clearance values are the clearance values which need to be adjusted to the optimal clearance values on the basis that other clearance values only meet the standard. The normal-level gap value refers to a gap value that meets only the criterion.
When an optimal adjustment scheme is obtained, trial pushing calculation is carried out on each azimuth of 360 degrees of the large axis, and proper angle calculation step length, trial pushing amount and trial pushing step length are selected; firstly, selecting shaft pushing schemes with gap values of all parts reaching standards from a plurality of trial pushing schemes, and then finding out the scheme with the optimal key-stage gap value from the schemes as a final adjustment scheme.
Alternatively, the angular step is 1 °. The trial pushing amount is from 0mm to 10mm, and the trial pushing step length is 0.001mm.
Claims (7)
1. A main shaft phase acquisition method is characterized in that: when the acquisition of the main shaft phase is carried out, the following steps are adopted:
1) The rotary encoders (1-12) adopt a contact principle, and the rollers of the rotary encoders are in direct contact with the main shaft (5) of the unit;
2) When the main shaft (5) rotates, the main shaft (5) drives the roller of the rotary encoder to rotate;
3) A rotary pulse sensor mounted on the roller for transmitting a series of pulses, each pulse representing a distance value;
4) Pulse signals of the rotary encoder are sent to the wireless acquisition unit through a signal cable, converted into digital quantities of 0 and 1, and transmitted to the data processing unit through wireless; the data processing unit counts according to 0 and 1, so that the rotation phase and the linear speed of the main shaft can be converted.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotary pulse sensor on the wheel sends a series of pulses when the wheel of the rotary encoder rotates, each pulse representing a specified displacement value of the wheel, and the diameter of the spindle is D (unit: mm), and the pulse count in time t is n, and the rotation angle α of the spindle corresponding to the time is calculated as:
roller rotation linear velocity V 1 The method comprises the following steps:
spindle rotational linear velocity V 2 The method comprises the following steps:
3. the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the acquisition of the main shaft phase is performed by adopting a phase acquisition device (1), the phase acquisition device (1) comprises a support column (1-2) and a base (1-1) connected with the bottom end of the support column (1-2), the support column (1-2) is sleeved with a rotating arm (1-3), the rotating arm (1-3) comprises an upper rotating arm and a lower rotating arm which are sleeved with the support column (1-2), a limiting block (1-7) is arranged between the upper rotating arm and the lower rotating arm, the limiting block (1-7) is sleeved with the support column (1-2), the limiting block (1-7) is connected with the support column (1-2) through a jackscrew (1-8), one end of a connecting plate (1-4) is connected with the rotating arm (1-3) through a fastening screw (1-9), and the relative position can be adjusted through a straight sliding groove (1-13) arranged on the connecting plate (1-4); the other end of the connecting plate (1-4) is connected with the fixed plate (1-5) through a fastening screw (1-10); the rotary encoder (1-12) is fixed by fastening screws (1-11) on the fixing plate (1-5).
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that a hook is provided on the back of the tightening screw (1-9) connected to the stop (1-7) by means of a spring (1-6) for exerting a pre-tightening force on the rotation of the swivel arm (1-3).
5. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that an arc-shaped chute (1-14) is provided at the end of the fixing plate (1-5) connected to the connecting plate (1-4), which allows fine adjustment of the fixing plate (1-5) in up-down, front-back and circumferential directions.
6. The method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when a fixed-point jigger mode is adopted, the jigger turns 1 to 2 turns, the phase of the main shaft of the jigger starting point is set to 0 °, and the rotary encoder automatically collects data to perform phase calculation during jigger.
7. The method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number of turns is not limited when a continuous turning mode is adopted, and a key phase signal is needed to eliminate the accumulated error of the phase measurement; when key phase signals appear on each circle of the main shaft, accumulated pulses acquired by the rotary encoders (1-12) are set to zero, errors of phase measurement in the previous period are eliminated, and the subsequent pulses are accumulated again, so that the accurate phase of the main shaft of the unit at any moment can be obtained.
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