CN116926362A - High-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116926362A CN116926362A CN202210335307.1A CN202210335307A CN116926362A CN 116926362 A CN116926362 A CN 116926362A CN 202210335307 A CN202210335307 A CN 202210335307A CN 116926362 A CN116926362 A CN 116926362A
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- 229910001278 Sr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum strontium Chemical compound [Al].[Sr] YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 aluminum-manganese Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FWGZLZNGAVBRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;strontium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Sr] FWGZLZNGAVBRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The application discloses a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt and completely melting to obtain a first melt; adding magnesium metal into the first melt and completely melting to obtain a second melt; adding an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the second molten liquid and completely melting to obtain a third molten liquid; refining the third molten liquid in a negative pressure and inert atmosphere to obtain refined molten liquid; and cooling and forming the refined solution to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot. The preparation method provided by the application avoids oxidation loss and oxidation inclusion of magnesium and strontium elements by using a multi-step adding mode, reduces loss of magnesium and strontium elements by introducing a negative pressure refining mode, and reduces inclusion and hydrogen evolution reaction, thereby enhancing the tensile strength of the prepared alloy ingot and improving the quality of the prepared alloy ingot.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and particularly relates to a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum magnesium alloy is an aluminum alloy taking Mg as a main additive element. The aluminum-magnesium alloy has high specific strength, good weldability and corrosion resistance, so that the aluminum-magnesium alloy has wide application prospect, for example, the aluminum-magnesium alloy plate is widely applied to aerospace, trains and ships and becomes a material with great competition in the fields of aerospace, high-speed trains, oceans and the like in the future.
With the development of technology, the demand of aluminum-magnesium alloy plates is increased, and how to improve the quality of aluminum-magnesium alloy ingots and reduce serious defects such as hydrogen evolution reaction, inclusion, developed crystal branches, eutectic phase segregation and the like becomes a key problem to be researched and solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application aims to provide a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose of the application, the technical scheme adopted by the application comprises the following steps:
in a first aspect, the application provides a method for preparing a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot, which comprises the following steps:
1) Adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt and completely melting to obtain a first melt;
2) Adding magnesium metal into the first melt and completely melting to obtain a second melt;
3) Adding an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the second molten liquid and completely melting to obtain a third molten liquid;
4) Refining the third molten liquid in a negative pressure and inert atmosphere to obtain refined molten liquid;
5) And cooling and forming the refined solution to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot.
In a second aspect, the application also provides a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot prepared by the preparation method, wherein the tensile strength of the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot is more than 260MPa, and the Brinell hardness is more than 66HBS.
The main principle of the technical scheme of the application is as follows: in the prior art, most of the raw materials are mixed in one step and then melted and smelted, and the technical scheme provided by the application is that the metal magnesium and aluminum strontium intermediate alloy is added into the melt in multiple steps and is immersed rapidly, so that the oxidation loss of the metal magnesium and the metal strontium is reduced, the oxide inclusion is reduced, and the quality of alloy cast ingots is further improved; meanwhile, defects such as developed crystal branches, eutectic phase segregation and the like possibly occurring in alloy cast ingots are reduced through the modification principle and grain refinement effect of strontium elements; in addition, vacuum degree is reduced in the smelting and refining process of aluminum magnesium alloy, negative pressure casting is adopted, volatilization of magnesium vapor and strontium vapor can be effectively prevented, loss of magnesium element and strontium element is effectively reduced, corrosion of smelting equipment is prevented, inclusion and hydrogen evolution reaction are reduced, quality of alloy cast ingots is improved, and accordingly tensile strength of the manufactured alloy cast ingots is enhanced.
Based on the technical scheme and principle, compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot provided by the application avoids oxidation loss and oxidation inclusion of magnesium and strontium elements by utilizing a multi-step adding mode, reduces the loss of magnesium and strontium elements by introducing a negative pressure refining mode, and reduces inclusion and hydrogen evolution reaction, thereby enhancing the tensile strength of the prepared alloy cast ingot and improving the quality of the prepared alloy cast ingot.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and in order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, the present application may be implemented according to the content of the specification, and the following description is given of the preferred embodiments of the present application with reference to the detailed drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of microstructure of a high strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of microstructure of a high strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of microstructure of a high strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot provided by yet another exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of a high strength Al-Mg-sr alloy ingot provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of microstructure of an Al-Mg alloy ingot provided by an exemplary comparative example of the present application.
Detailed Description
In view of the shortcomings in the prior art, the inventor of the present application has long studied and practiced in a large number of ways to propose the technical scheme of the present application. The technical scheme, the implementation process, the principle and the like are further explained as follows.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one from another component or method step having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such components or method steps.
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot, which comprises the following steps:
1) And adding the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt and completely melting to obtain a first melt.
2) And adding magnesium metal into the first melt and completely melting to obtain a second melt.
3) And adding an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the second molten liquid and completely melting to obtain a third molten liquid.
4) And refining the third melt in a negative pressure and inert atmosphere to obtain refined melt.
5) And cooling and forming the refined solution to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot.
The technical scheme provided by the application is that the metal magnesium and the aluminum strontium intermediate alloy are added into the melt in steps and are immersed rapidly, so that the oxidation loss of the metal magnesium and the metal strontium is reduced, the oxide inclusion is reduced, and the quality of the alloy cast ingot (namely, the Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot is abbreviated as the Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot, and the Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot is abbreviated as the Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot); meanwhile, defects such as developed crystal branches, eutectic phase segregation and the like possibly occurring in alloy cast ingots are reduced through the modification principle and grain refinement effect of strontium elements; in addition, vacuum degree is reduced in the smelting and refining process of aluminum magnesium alloy, negative pressure casting is adopted, volatilization of magnesium vapor and strontium vapor can be effectively prevented, loss of magnesium element and strontium element is effectively reduced, corrosion of smelting equipment is prevented, inclusion and hydrogen evolution reaction are reduced, quality of alloy cast ingots is improved, and accordingly tensile strength of the manufactured alloy cast ingots is enhanced.
In some embodiments, the high strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot produced by the above method may include the following elemental compositions and contents: 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of strontium, 4.0 to 4.9 weight percent of magnesium, 0.4 to 1.0 weight percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.03 weight percent of titanium, the total amount of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent, and the balance of aluminum.
In some embodiments, step 1) may specifically comprise:
and under the condition of 740-760 ℃, sequentially adding the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy into the liquid aluminum according to the sequence of the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, and continuously standing for 5-10min after the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy are completely melted to obtain the first melt.
In some embodiments, step 2) may specifically comprise:
and (3) under the condition of the temperature of 730-740 ℃, completely immersing the metal magnesium into the first melt, and standing for 3-8min, wherein the second melt is obtained after the metal magnesium is completely melted.
In some embodiments, it may be preferable to locate the magnesium metal in the middle lower portion of the first melt. Wherein, the middle lower part refers to the middle part and below the liquid level height of the first melt.
In some embodiments, the metallic magnesium is added in an amount of from 0.5 to 2% greater than the theoretical calculated amount. In the smelting process of the conventional aluminum magnesium alloy in the prior art, the oxidation loss of the metal magnesium is higher, and the general feeding amount is 1-5% more than the theoretical calculation amount, so that the content of the magnesium component in the aluminum magnesium alloy cast ingot can be ensured to meet the required content range.
The theoretical calculated amount refers to the feeding amount of the metal magnesium calculated according to the content of magnesium element in the expected alloy ingot, for example, when the high-strength A1-Mg-Sr alloy ingot with the output amount of 1T is smelted, the expected content of magnesium element is 4.0wt%, and the theoretical calculated amount of the metal magnesium is 40kg when smelting.
In some embodiments, it is preferable that the oxide layer attached to the surface of the magnesium metal be removed by polishing before the first melt is added, and removal of the oxide layer can expose the magnesium metal and reduce oxide inclusions caused by the oxide layer.
In some embodiments, step 3) may specifically comprise:
and under the condition of the temperature of 730-740 ℃, completely immersing the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the second melt, and standing for 3-8min, wherein the third melt is obtained after the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy is completely melted.
In some embodiments, step 4) specifically comprises:
and (3) placing the third melt in a negative pressure environment with the vacuum degree of 200-300Pa, and introducing high-purity nitrogen for refining.
In some embodiments, the inert atmosphere may include nitrogen. Other gases such as helium, argon, etc. may theoretically be used to create the inert atmosphere, but for cost reasons, nitrogen is the most preferred choice.
In some embodiments, the refining is for a period of time ranging from 10 to 20 minutes, and is allowed to stand for a period of 10 to 20 minutes after refining.
In some embodiments, the inert atmosphere contains a refining agent.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the refining agent to the third melt may preferably be 2-3kg/T.
In some embodiments, the refining agent is selected from sodium-free refining agents, such as the sodium-free refining agent model HSWJ-5, which can prevent the alloy ingot from developing a "sodium embrittlement" phenomenon.
In some embodiments, step 5 may specifically comprise the steps of:
and casting and molding the refined solution into alloy ingots.
And maintaining the temperature of the alloy ingot at 480-530 ℃ for 5-8 hours to homogenize the alloy ingot.
In a specific application example, the preparation method of the application can be specifically carried out by adopting the following steps:
placing an aluminum ingot into smelting equipment, heating to a first temperature, and after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, sequentially adding aluminum-manganese-aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy into an aluminum melt; and standing for 3-8 minutes after the added alloy element is completely melted, and reducing the temperature of the melt to 730-740 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant.
Then adding magnesium ingots, and pressing the magnesium ingots into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid; adding an modifier aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, pressing the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid, and preserving heat for 3-8 min; and then high-purity nitrogen is introduced for refining for 10-20 minutes, standing is carried out for 10-20 minutes, and then casting is carried out to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Wherein the smelting equipment is an electromagnetic induction furnace, and the first temperature is 740-760 ℃; after adding magnesium ingot and aluminium strontium intermediate alloy, the melt temperature is kept at 730 ℃ to 740 ℃, wherein the magnesium ingot has the outer layer oxide skin removed, and the feeding amount of the magnesium ingot is 0.2 to 1 percent more than the theoretical amount.
The embodiment of the application also provides a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot prepared by the preparation method in any embodiment, wherein the tensile strength of the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot is more than 230Mpa, and the Brinell hardness is more than 66HBS.
In some embodiments, the high strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot may include the following components in mass fraction: 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of strontium, 4.0 to 4.9 weight percent of magnesium, 0.4 to 1.0 weight percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.03 weight percent of titanium, the total amount of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent, and the balance of aluminum
The technical scheme of the application is further described in detail below through a plurality of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the examples are chosen to illustrate the application only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot, which comprises the following steps:
placing an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, and heating to a set temperature of 740 ℃;
after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, sequentially adding aluminum manganese and aluminum chromium intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt, and standing for 5 minutes after the added alloy elements are completely melted;
the heating was stopped and the melt temperature was reduced to 735 ℃ and kept constant. Then adding magnesium ingots with oxide skin removed, pressing the magnesium ingots into the middle and lower parts of the melt, heating to keep the temperature of the melt at 735 ℃, and preserving heat and standing for 8min;
adding an modifier aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, pressing the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid, and continuously preserving heat for 8 minutes;
vacuumizing a smelting furnace by adopting a mechanical pump, wherein the vacuum degree is 300Pa, then introducing high-purity nitrogen containing a sodium-free refining agent HSWJ-5 for refining, keeping the temperature for 15 minutes, standing for 15 minutes, and then recovering to normal pressure in the furnace for slag skimming;
casting the refined melt to obtain an Al-Mg-sr alloy cast ingot, homogenizing the prepared cast ingot in a high-temperature furnace at 560 ℃, preserving the temperature for 8 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and finally obtaining the high-strength Al-Mg-sr alloy cast ingot.
The mass of the added raw materials of the preparation method and the tensile strength and Brinell hardness of the prepared high-strength Al-Mg-sr alloy cast ingot are shown in table 1, and the microstructure is shown in fig. 1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot, which comprises the following steps:
placing an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, and heating to a set temperature of 760 ℃;
after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, sequentially adding aluminum manganese and aluminum chromium intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt, and standing for 3 minutes after the added alloy elements are completely melted;
the heating was stopped, the melt temperature was reduced to 740 ℃, and the temperature was kept constant. Then adding magnesium ingots with oxide skin removed, pressing the magnesium ingots into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid, heating to keep the temperature of the melt at 740 ℃, and preserving heat and standing for 7min;
adding an modifier aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, pressing the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid, and continuously preserving heat for 7 minutes;
vacuumizing the smelting furnace by adopting a mechanical pump, wherein the vacuum degree is 300Pa; then high-purity nitrogen containing sodium-free refining agent is introduced for refining, the aeration time is 10 minutes, and the mixture is kept stand for 10 minutes; recovering to normal pressure in the furnace, and skimming slag;
casting the refined melt to obtain an Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot, homogenizing the prepared cast ingot in a high-temperature furnace at 480 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and finally obtaining the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot.
The mass of the added raw materials of the preparation method and the tensile strength and Brinell hardness of the prepared high-strength Al-Mg-sr alloy cast ingot are shown in table 1, and the microstructure is shown in fig. 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-strength Al-Mg-sr alloy cast ingot, which specifically comprises the following steps:
placing an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, and heating to a set temperature of 750 ℃;
after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, sequentially adding aluminum manganese and aluminum chromium intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt, adding alloy elements, completely melting, and standing for 6 minutes;
the heating was stopped, the melt temperature was reduced to 740 ℃, and the temperature was kept constant. Then adding magnesium ingots with oxide skin removed, pressing the magnesium ingots into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid, heating and keeping the temperature of the melt at 740 ℃, and preserving the heat and standing for 20min;
adding an modifier aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, pressing the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid, and continuously preserving heat for 20 minutes;
vacuumizing the smelting furnace by adopting a mechanical pump, wherein the vacuum degree is 250Pa; then high-purity nitrogen containing sodium-free refining agent is introduced for refining, the ventilation time is 15 minutes, the mixture is kept stand for 15 minutes, and then the mixture is restored to normal pressure in the furnace for slag skimming;
and pouring the refined melt to obtain the Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot. And (3) placing the prepared high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot in a high-temperature furnace for homogenization treatment, wherein the homogenization treatment temperature is 450 ℃, preserving heat for 7.5 hours, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to finally obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot.
The mass of the added raw materials of the preparation method and the tensile strength and Brinell hardness of the prepared high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot are shown in table 1, and the microstructure is shown in figure 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot, which comprises the following steps:
placing an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, and heating to a set temperature of 760 ℃;
after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, sequentially adding aluminum manganese and aluminum chromium intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt, adding alloy elements, completely melting, and standing for 6 minutes;
the heating was stopped, the melt temperature was reduced to 730 ℃ and kept constant. Then adding magnesium ingots with oxide scales removed, pressing the magnesium ingots into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid, heating and keeping the temperature of the melt at 730 ℃, and preserving the heat and standing for 6min;
adding an modifier aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, pressing the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid, and continuously preserving heat for 6 minutes;
vacuumizing the smelting furnace by adopting a mechanical pump, wherein the vacuum degree is 200Pa; then high-purity nitrogen containing sodium-free refining agent is introduced for refining, the aeration time is 18 minutes, and the mixture is kept stand for 15 minutes; then the furnace is restored to normal pressure, and slag is removed;
casting the refined melt to obtain an Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot, homogenizing the prepared cast ingot in a high-temperature furnace at 520 ℃, preserving the temperature for 7 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and finally obtaining the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot.
The mass of the added raw materials of the preparation method and the tensile strength and Brinell hardness of the prepared high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot are shown in table 1, and the microstructure is shown in figure 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a preparation method of an Al-Mg alloy cast ingot, which specifically comprises the following steps:
placing an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, and heating to a set temperature of 750 ℃;
after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, sequentially adding aluminum manganese and aluminum chromium intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt, adding alloy elements, completely melting, and standing for 6 minutes;
the heating was stopped, the melt temperature was reduced to 740 ℃, and the temperature was kept constant. Then adding magnesium ingots with oxide skin removed, pressing the magnesium ingots into the middle lower part of the aluminum liquid, heating and keeping the temperature of the melt at 740 ℃, and preserving the heat and standing for 20min;
then high-purity nitrogen containing sodium-free refining agent is introduced for refining, the aeration time is 15 minutes, and the mixture is kept stand for 15 minutes to remove slag;
and pouring the refined melt to obtain an Al-Mg alloy cast ingot. And (3) placing the prepared Al-Mg alloy ingot into a high-temperature furnace for homogenization treatment, wherein the homogenization treatment temperature is 450 ℃, preserving heat for 7.5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and finally obtaining the Al-Mg alloy ingot.
The mass of the added raw materials of the preparation method and the tensile strength and Brinell hardness of the prepared Al-Mg alloy cast ingot are shown in Table 1, and the microstructure is shown in FIG. 1.
Table 1 raw material quality and mechanical Properties of examples and comparative examples
Based on the comparison of the above example 3 and the comparative example 1, it is clear that the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot and the preparation method thereof provided by the embodiment of the present application reduce defects such as developed crystal branches and eutectic phase segregation which may occur in the alloy ingot by adding the modifier strontium element into the magnesium-aluminum alloy, and meanwhile, the addition of the magnesium element, the strontium element and other doping elements is multi-step addition, so that oxidation loss and oxide inclusion are avoided, in addition, negative pressure is introduced during refining, the loss of magnesium and strontium elements is reduced, and the inclusion and hydrogen evolution reaction are reduced, so that the tensile strength and the brinell hardness of the prepared high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot are improved, and the three technical means have a synergistic effect and are unavoidable.
FIGS. 1 to 5 show the microstructure photographs of the alloy ingots prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1, and in particular, as can be seen from comparison of FIGS. 3 and 5, the microstructure of the alloy ingots prepared by the preparation method provided by the application is uniform, the crystal grains are less, the crystal grain size of the comparative example without strontium addition is larger, and the beta phase precipitation (black dots) has obvious segregation.
In addition, the inventors have conducted experiments with other raw materials, conditions, and the like listed in the present specification in the manner described in examples 1 to 4, and can also prepare a high-strength al—mg—sr alloy ingot.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present application, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present application and implement the same according to the present application without limiting the scope of the present application. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present application should be construed to be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Adding an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt and completely melting to obtain a first melt;
2) Adding magnesium metal into the first melt and completely melting to obtain a second melt;
3) Adding an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the second molten liquid and completely melting to obtain a third molten liquid;
4) Refining the third molten liquid in a negative pressure and inert atmosphere to obtain refined molten liquid;
5) And cooling and forming the refined solution to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein step 1) specifically comprises:
and under the condition of 740-760 ℃, sequentially adding the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy into the liquid aluminum according to the sequence of the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, and continuously standing for 5-10min after the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy are completely melted to obtain the first melt.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein step 2) specifically comprises:
and (3) under the condition of the temperature of 730-740 ℃, completely immersing the metal magnesium into the first melt, and standing for 3-8min, wherein the second melt is obtained after the metal magnesium is completely melted.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the magnesium metal is located in a middle lower portion of the first melt;
and/or the addition amount of the metal magnesium is 0.5-2% larger than the theoretical calculation amount;
and/or removing the oxide layer attached to the surface of the magnesium metal before adding the first melt.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) specifically comprises:
and under the condition of the temperature of 730-740 ℃, completely immersing the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the second melt, and standing for 3-8min, wherein the third melt is obtained after the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy is completely melted.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4) specifically comprises:
the third melt is placed in a negative pressure environment with the vacuum degree of 200Pa to 300Pa, and high-purity nitrogen is introduced for refining;
and/or, the inert atmosphere comprises nitrogen;
preferably, the refining time is 10-20min, and the refining time is 10-20min after refining.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the inert atmosphere contains a refining agent;
preferably, the ratio of the refining agent to the third melt is 2-3kg/T;
preferably, the refining agent is selected from sodium-free refining agents.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the step 5) specifically comprises:
casting the refined solution to form an Al-Mg-Sr alloy cast ingot;
and maintaining the temperature of the alloy ingot at 480-530 ℃ for 5-8 hours to homogenize the alloy ingot.
9. The high strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot produced by the production method of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the tensile strength of the high strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot is more than 260MPa and the brinell hardness is more than 66HBS.
10. The high strength Al-Mg-Sr alloy ingot according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises the following components in mass fraction: 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of strontium, 4.0 to 4.9 weight percent of magnesium, 0.4 to 1.0 weight percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.03 weight percent of titanium, the total amount of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent, and the balance of aluminum.
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