CN115011846B - High-strength and high-stability Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-stability Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength and high-stability Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg:0.5-0.8%; si:0.5-0.8%; cu:0.1 to 0.2 percent; and (C) Sc:0.1 to 0.2 percent; the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; the balance of Al; the preparation method comprises the steps of melting, casting, homogenizing, processing and forming, solution treatment, pre-strain treatment and aging treatment. The aluminum alloy obtained by the invention has higher mechanical property and can keep stable in a long-term heat exposure environment, the yield strength is more than or equal to 320MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 10 percent; after the alloy is exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the alloy can still keep the yield strength more than or equal to 305MPa, the elongation more than or equal to 10 percent and the yield strength attenuation rate less than 5 percent; the preparation method provided by the invention is suitable for ingot casting cogging and casting rolling cogging, the addition amount of total alloy elements is less than or equal to 2%, and the preparation process is simple and easy to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material preparation, in particular to high-strength and high-stability Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of low density, good machining performance, strong corrosion resistance, excellent mechanical property and the like, and is applied to aviationThe aerospace and automotive fields are favored. Especially in the aspect of light weight of the automobile, the aluminum alloy is adopted to replace the traditional steel parts, so that the weight of the whole automobile can be obviously reduced, the fuel is saved, and the CO is reduced 2 The discharge amount achieves the aims of energy conservation and emission reduction. However, with the rapid development in the automobile field, the mechanical property requirements of various manufacturers on the automobile aluminum alloy are increasing day by day, and conventionally, the conventional commonly used low-alloy Al-Mg-Si-Cu and Al-Mg-Si-Re aluminum alloys often have difficulty in meeting the requirements of high strength and high stability at the same time, so that the development of novel automobile high-performance aluminum alloys is urgently needed.
In the prior art, for obtaining high-strength 6xxx series aluminum alloy, the yield strength is usually 200-300MPa by increasing the total alloy content and introducing a complex process or a method of compositely adding a plurality of rare earth elements. For example, patent CN 103789583B discloses "a rapid aging response type Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloy and a preparation method thereof", which discloses an aluminum alloy comprising the following components in percentage by mass: mg:0.6%, si:0.9%, cu:0.2%, zn:3.0%, fe:0.1%, mn:0.07 percent of Cr is less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Ti is less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Ti, the balance is Al, and the content of total alloy elements is more than or equal to 4.87 percent. The preparation method of the alloy comprises the following steps: smelting and casting, bipolar homogenization, hot rolling deformation, intermediate annealing, cold rolling deformation, solution treatment, water quenching treatment and multistage aging treatment. The yield strength of the alloy is 273.8MPa. Patent CN 106939386B discloses "a high-strength rapid-hardening Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy for an automobile body and a preparation method thereof", and the patent discloses an aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg:1.17%, si:0.57%, cu:0.5%, fe:0.17%, mn:0.06 percent, the balance being Al, and the content of total alloy elements being 2.47 percent. The preparation method of the alloy comprises the following steps: smelting, homogenizing, hot rolling, cold rolling, solid solution water quenching and aging treatment. The yield strength of the alloy is 256.7MPa. In addition, in the prior art, a technical method of introducing a novel precipitated phase is often adopted for improving the thermal stability of the aluminum alloy, but the effect of improving the high-temperature long-time storage stability of the material is not obvious enough, and the attenuation rate of the yield strength of the alloy is usually more than 5%. For example, patent CN 111014332a discloses "6-series high alloy composition with high long-term thermal stability and preparation method", the aluminum alloy disclosed in the patent comprises the following components by mass percent: si:0.65%, fe:0.10%, cu:0.08%, mn:0.23%, mg:0.58%, V:0.09%; cr:0.17 percent; ti:0.07 percent, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: smelting, homogenizing, extruding, quenching, stretching and straightening and two-stage artificial aging. After the alloy is heated for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the yield strength decay rate is 9.7 percent.
In conclusion, the aluminum alloy prepared by the prior art is difficult to meet the industrial requirements, and how to reduce the production cost of the material and prepare the aluminum alloy with high yield strength and high stability (after heating at 150 ℃ for 1000 hours, the yield strength attenuation rate is less than 5%) is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg:0.5-0.8%; si:0.5-0.8%; cu:0.1 to 0.2 percent; and (C) Sc:0.1 to 0.2 percent; the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; the balance of Al; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Under argon or SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, heating and melting pure Al, pure Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 750-780 ℃; then cooling to 680-700 ℃, adding pure Mg, and after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially carrying out stirring, refining and slag removal procedures to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 700-750 ℃ for 20-30min, pouring the molten alloy liquid into a mold, and crystallizing into an ingot or guiding the molten alloy liquid to a casting and rolling machine to form a slab through casting and rolling in a gap between two rollers;
(3) Performing homogenization heat treatment on the ingot or the plate blank obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 500-600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-10h to obtain a homogeneous ingot or plate blank, and then respectively performing extrusion or rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy section or sheet;
(4) Respectively carrying out solution heat treatment on the section or the sheet obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 500-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-60min, then carrying out 1-10% of pre-strain treatment, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging treatment comprises the following steps: temperature: 170-250 ℃, time: 2-10h.
Further, the die in the step (2) is one of a steel die, a water-cooled steel die, a copper die or a water-cooled copper die; the roller is one of a steel roller, a water-cooled steel roller, a copper roller or a water-cooled copper roller.
Further, the extrusion in the step (3) is as follows: extruding at 300-500 deg.C at 2-4m/min at an extrusion ratio of 10-30; the rolling comprises the following steps: 4-10 times of cold rolling, and the total reduction amount is 60-90%.
Further, the pre-straining of step (4) is one of stretching, rolling or compressing.
Further, the pre-strain treatment in the step (4) is 2-6%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
according to the invention, solute atom segregation is effectively regulated and controlled through interaction among alloy components and synergistic effect among processes, so that the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc alloy material with high strength and high stability is obtained.
1) The technical difficulty that the prior art is difficult to solve is: it is difficult to produce low alloy content aluminum alloys with both high strength and high stability. Specifically, in the prior art, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is often improved by improving the total alloy content and introducing a complex process or a method of compositely adding multiple rare earth elements, so that the production cost is increased, the process is complex, and the effect of improving the yield strength of the material is limited; secondly, the improvement of the thermal stability of the aluminum alloy in the prior art is usually realized by generating new precipitated phases and through the interaction between the precipitated phases, the element utilization rate is low, and the thermal stability is poor.
2) Compared with the prior art, the yield strength of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc alloy prepared by the invention is more than or equal to 320MPa through the interaction among alloy components and the synergistic effect of the process, meanwhile, after the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc alloy is exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the yield strength can still be more than or equal to 305MPa, the yield strength attenuation rate is less than 5%, the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc alloy can be widely applied to the field of automobile part manufacturing, meanwhile, the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention are not only suitable for ingot cogging but also suitable for cast rolling cogging, and compared with the prior art, the alloy addition amount is small (the total alloy content is less than or equal to 2%), the process is simple, short-process processing is realized, and the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc alloy is easy to popularize and apply.
3) The invention has the advantages that: the invention realizes three beneficial effects simultaneously through the interaction between alloy components and the synergistic effect between processes: firstly, the solid solubility of the added elements in an aluminum matrix is improved, the elements are inhibited from forming thick hard particles, more available elements are released, and the element utilization rate is improved; secondly, a large number of crystal defects are introduced, so that atomic diffusion is effectively promoted, and the number density of the strengthening phase is improved; thirdly, the additive elements are favorably segregated at the interface between the strengthening phase and the matrix, the interface energy is reduced, and the coarsening or the growth of the strengthening phase is effectively inhibited. Therefore, the invention obtains the aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability. In conclusion, the total alloy element addition is less than or equal to 2%, under the conditions of controlling the production cost and simplifying the process, the solid solubility of the added elements in an aluminum matrix is improved through the interaction between alloy components and among the processes, the elements are inhibited from forming thick hard particles, more available elements are released, the element utilization rate is obviously improved, the number density of strengthening phases is also improved, the elements are partially gathered at a strengthening phase interface, and the coarsening or growth of the strengthening phases is effectively inhibited, so that the initial mechanical property of the material and the mechanical property of the material under long-time high-temperature placement are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
Taking Al-0.55Mg-0.60Si-0.12Cu-0.11Sc (according to the mass percent, 0.55 percent of Mg, 0.60 percent of Si, 0.12 percent of Cu and 0.11 percent of Sc, the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al) as an example, the burdening is completed according to the mass percent. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) At SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, pure Al and pure Al are mixedHeating and melting Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 750 ℃; then cooling to 680 ℃, adding pure Mg, and after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially carrying out stirring, refining and slag removal procedures to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 750 ℃ for 20min, and pouring the molten alloy liquid into a water-cooled steel mould to crystallize into an ingot;
(3) Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 560 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6h to obtain a homogeneous cast ingot, and then carrying out extrusion to obtain an aluminum alloy section, wherein the extrusion temperature is 350 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 20;
(4) And (3) carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the section obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, then carrying out 2% of tensile pre-strain treatment, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃ and the time is 5h.
Through detection, the yield strength of the alloy after aging is 320MPa, and the elongation is 16 percent; after being exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the alloy still can keep the yield strength of 306MPa, the elongation of 14 percent and the yield strength attenuation of 4.4 percent.
Example 2
Taking Al-0.65Mg-0.67Si-0.12Cu-0.13Sc (according to the mass percentage, 0.65 percent of Mg, 0.67 percent of Si, 0.12 percent of Cu and 0.13 percent of Sc, the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al) as an example, the burdening is completed according to the mass percentage. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) At SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, heating and melting pure Al, pure Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 780 ℃; then cooling to 680 ℃, adding pure Mg, and after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially carrying out stirring, refining and slag removal procedures to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 750 ℃ for 30min, and pouring the molten alloy liquid into a water-cooled copper mold to crystallize into an ingot;
(3) Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the ingot obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 570 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours to obtain a homogeneous ingot, and then carrying out extrusion to obtain an aluminum alloy section, wherein the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 4m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 10;
(4) And (3) carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the section obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 570 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, then carrying out 4% tensile pre-strain treatment, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging temperature is 200 ℃ and the time is 3h.
Through detection, the yield strength of the alloy after aging is 322MPa, and the elongation is 17 percent; after being exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the alloy still can keep yield strength of-310 MPa, elongation of-14 percent and yield strength attenuation of-3.7 percent.
Example 3
Taking Al-0.74Mg-0.76Si-0.15Cu-0.16Sc (according to the mass percent, 0.74 percent of Mg, 0.76 percent of Si, 0.15 percent of Cu and 0.16 percent of Sc, the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al) as an example, the burdening is completed according to the mass percent. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) At SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, heating and melting pure Al, pure Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 750 ℃; then cooling to 700 ℃, adding pure Mg, and after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially carrying out the working procedures of stirring, refining and slag removal to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 730 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, and pouring the molten alloy liquid into a copper mold to crystallize into an ingot;
(3) Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the ingot obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 560 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h to obtain a homogeneous ingot, and then carrying out extrusion to obtain an aluminum alloy section, wherein the extrusion temperature is 500 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 15;
(4) And (3) carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the section obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10min, then carrying out rolling pre-strain treatment of 2%, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging temperature is 200 ℃ and the time is 3h.
Through detection, the yield strength of the alloy after aging is 330MPa, and the elongation is 18 percent; after being exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the alloy still can keep the yield strength of 320MPa, the elongation of 15 percent and the yield strength attenuation of 3.0 percent.
Example 4
Taking Al-0.79Mg-0.80Si-0.11Cu-0.12Sc (calculated by mass percent: 0.79% of Mg, 0.80% of Si, 0.11% of Cu and 0.12% of Sc, the total amount of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the balance is Al) as an example, the batching is completed according to the mass percent. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) At SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, heating and melting pure Al, pure Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 750 ℃; then cooling to 700 ℃, adding pure Mg, and after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially stirring, refining and removing slag to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 730 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, and pouring the molten alloy liquid into a copper mold to crystallize into an ingot;
(3) Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the ingot obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 570 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6 hours to obtain a homogeneous ingot, and then carrying out extrusion to obtain an aluminum alloy section, wherein the extrusion temperature is 500 ℃, the extrusion speed is 3m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 15;
(4) And (3) carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the section obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, then carrying out rolling pre-strain treatment of 2%, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging temperature is 200 ℃ and the time is 5h.
Through detection, the yield strength of the alloy after aging is 325MPa, and the elongation is 16 percent; after being exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the alloy still can keep the yield strength of 311MPa, the elongation of 13 percent and the yield strength attenuation of 4.3 percent.
Example 5
Taking Al-0.65Mg-0.72Si-0.19Cu-0.18Sc (according to the mass percentage, 0.65 percent of Mg, 0.72 percent of Si, 0.19 percent of Cu and 0.18 percent of Sc, the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al) as an example, the burdening is completed according to the mass percentage. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) At SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, heating and melting pure Al, pure Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 750 ℃; then cooling to 700 ℃, adding pure Mg, and after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially carrying out the working procedures of stirring, refining and slag removal to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 730 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, and pouring the molten alloy liquid into a copper mold to crystallize into an ingot;
(3) Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the ingot obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 580 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours to obtain a homogeneous ingot, and then carrying out extrusion to obtain an aluminum alloy section, wherein the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 15;
(4) And (3) carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the section obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, then carrying out rolling pre-strain treatment of 2%, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging temperature is 200 ℃ and the time is 5h.
Through detection, the yield strength of the alloy after aging is 323MPa, and the elongation is 16 percent; after being exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the alloy still can keep yield strength of 310MPa, elongation of 13 percent and yield strength attenuation of 4.0 percent.
Example 6
Taking Al-0.70Mg-0.75Si-0.11Cu-0.14Sc (according to the mass percentage, 0.70 percent of Mg, 0.75 percent of Si, 0.11 percent of Cu and 0.14 percent of Sc, the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al) as an example, the burdening is completed according to the mass percentage. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) At SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, heating and melting pure Al, pure Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 750 ℃; then cooling to 690 ℃, adding pure Mg, and stirring in sequence after the alloy is completely meltedRefining and slag removing to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 750 ℃ for 20min, and pouring the molten alloy liquid into a steel mould to crystallize into an ingot;
(3) Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 580 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6 hours to obtain a homogeneous cast ingot, and then carrying out extrusion to obtain an aluminum alloy section, wherein the extrusion temperature is 500 ℃, the extrusion speed is 3m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 10;
(4) And (3) carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the section obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, then carrying out rolling pre-strain treatment of 4%, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging temperature is 225 ℃, and the time is 2h.
Through detection, the yield strength of the alloy after aging is 320MPa, and the elongation is 15 percent; after being exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the alloy still can keep the yield strength of-306 MPa, the elongation of-12 percent and the yield strength attenuation of-4.4 percent.
Example 7
Taking Al-0.69Mg-0.74Si-0.16Cu-0.17Sc (according to the mass percent, 0.69 percent of Mg, 0.74 percent of Si, 0.16 percent of Cu and 0.17 percent of Sc, the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al) as an example, the burdening is completed according to the mass percent. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Under argon or SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, heating and melting pure Al, pure Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 750 ℃; then cooling to 700 ℃, adding pure Mg, and after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially carrying out the working procedures of stirring, refining and slag removal to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 720 ℃ and preserving heat for 20min, and then draining the molten alloy liquid to a casting and rolling machine to form a plate blank by gap casting and rolling of two water-cooled copper rollers;
(3) Performing homogenization heat treatment on the plate blank obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours to obtain a homogeneous plate blank, and then performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy sheet, wherein the rolling pass is 4 passes, and the total rolling reduction is 70%;
(4) And (3) respectively carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the section or the sheet obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10min, then carrying out 4% of tensile pre-strain treatment, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging treatment is 175 ℃ and the time is 8h.
Through detection, the yield strength of the alloy after aging is 325MPa, and the elongation is 16 percent; after being exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the alloy still can keep the yield strength of between 312MPa, the elongation of between 12 percent and the yield strength attenuation of between 4.00 percent.
Example 8
Taking Al-0.61Mg-0.72Si-0.13Cu-0.15Sc (according to the mass percentage, 0.61 percent of Mg, 0.72 percent of Si, 0.13 percent of Cu and 0.15 percent of Sc, the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al) as an example, the burdening is completed according to the mass percentage. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Under argon or SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, heating and melting pure Al, pure Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 750 ℃; then cooling to 680 ℃, adding pure Mg, and after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially carrying out stirring, refining and slag removal procedures to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 720 ℃ and preserving heat for 20min, and then draining the molten alloy liquid to a casting and rolling machine to form a plate blank by casting and rolling a gap between two steel rollers;
(3) Performing homogenization heat treatment on the plate blank obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6 hours to obtain a homogeneous plate blank, and then performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy sheet, wherein the rolling pass is 6 passes, and the total rolling reduction is 80%;
(4) And (4) respectively carrying out solution heat treatment on the section or the sheet obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 540 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, then carrying out 4% compressive pre-strain treatment, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging treatment is 175 ℃ and the time is 8h.
Through detection, the yield strength of the alloy after aging is 321MPa, and the elongation is 15%; after being exposed for 1000 hours at 150 ℃, the alloy still can keep the yield strength of 308MPa, the elongation of 12 percent and the yield strength attenuation of 4.0 percent.
Comparative example 1
The patent name "Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ti-Sr alloy and the preparation method thereof", the grant publication No.: CN 1301339C, inventor: guan Shaokang, et al. Pages 7-9, example 1: alloy composition (wt.%): mg:1.27%, si:1.24%, cu:0.85%, mn:0.43%, ti:0.20%, sr:0.015% and the balance of Al. The total alloy element content is more than 4 percent. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: preparing, smelting, pouring, homogenizing heat treatment at 520-540 ℃/1-12h, hot rolling at 540-290 ℃, cold rolling, solution treatment at 540-550 ℃/30-35min, quenching, and aging at 150-175 ℃/5-8 min. The mechanical property detection shows that the yield strength of the alloy is 198MPa.
Compared with the example 4 with the highest Mg and Si contents, the total alloy addition amount and the addition amounts of main elements such as Mg, si, cu and the like of the comparative example 1 are higher than those of the alloy obtained in the example 4 of the invention, and particularly, the alloy elements such as Mn, ti, sr and the like which are not added in the example 4 are also added in the comparative example 1. According to the report of the prior art, for Al-Mg-Si-Cu series alloy, the increase of the content of Mg and Si elements and the addition of Ti, sr and Mn can help to improve the mechanical property of the material, and the alloy obtained by the comparative example 1 has higher yield strength than the alloy obtained by the example 4 according to the invention calculated by the prior art, but the test results show that: the yield strength (325 MPa) of the alloy obtained in example 4 of the invention is much higher than that (198 MPa) of the alloy obtained in comparative example 1, so that the invention achieves remarkable technical effects compared with the prior art, thereby illustrating that the alloy has mechanical properties superior to the prior art through the interaction of alloy components and the synergistic effect of the process.
Comparative example 2
Journal name "Materials Chemistry and Physics", year: in 2015, term number: 162, page number: 15-19, paper authors: guo et Al, entitled "Enhanced cake-hardening response of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with Zn addition". Page 16 "2. Explicit" paragraph 1: the selected material is Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn aluminum alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.912%, mg:0.815%, cu:0.515%, zn:1.0%, fe:0.218%, mn:0.103% and the balance of Al. The total alloy content is 3.563%. After the aluminum alloy is smelted and cast, performing homogenization heat treatment at 555 ℃/16h, and then performing cold rolling and hot rolling to obtain a sheet with the thickness of 1 mm; then the sheet is subjected to solution heat treatment at 555 ℃ for 2min, and is subjected to pre-aging treatment at 80 ℃/12h after water quenching, and then is subjected to 2% pre-strain treatment, and finally is subjected to aging treatment at 185 ℃ for 20min to obtain the aluminum alloy. Page 16 "3.1Mechanical properties": the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is 277MPa.
Compared with the alloy of the invention in the embodiment 6 (the mass ratio of Mg and Si is similar to that of the alloy in the embodiment 2), the total alloy addition amount and the addition amounts of main elements such as Mg, si, cu and the like of the alloy in the embodiment 2 are higher than those of the alloy obtained in the embodiment 6, particularly, the alloy in the embodiment 2 also adds Zn element with higher content, and meanwhile, the preaging treatment process for a long time is introduced into the alloy in the embodiment 2. According to the prior art reports: for Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, the addition and pre-aging treatment of Mg and Si element contents increase and high-content Zn element are effective methods for improving material performance. Therefore, by inference from the prior art, the alloy yield strength obtained by comparative example 2 should be higher than that of example 6 of the present invention, but the test results show that: the yield strength (320 MPa) of the alloy obtained in the embodiment 6 of the invention is higher than that (277 MPa) of the alloy obtained in the comparative example 2, and the invention achieves remarkable technical effect. In addition, the preparation method of the comparative example 2 also comprises high-temperature hot rolling and long-time pre-aging treatment, so that compared with the comparative example 2, the method disclosed by the invention not only saves the material cost, but also shortens the processing flow and effectively reduces the production cost of the alloy material.
Comparative example 3
The patent name "6-series high alloy composition having high long-term thermal stability and method for producing the same", the grant publication No.: CN 111014332B, inventor: wu Weiyu, et al. Pages 5-6, example 1: alloy composition (wt.%): mg:0.57%, si:0.62%, cu:0.07%, mn:0.22%, cr:0.18%, fe:0.12%, ti:0.07%, V:0.09%, impurities: 0.03 percent, and the balance of Al. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: smelting, pouring, homogenizing heat treatment at 520 ℃/6h, hot extrusion at 500-450 ℃, water mist cooling, stretch straightening, and double-stage aging at 170 ℃/5h +192 ℃/3.5h to obtain the 6-series aluminum alloy section with high long-term thermal stability and high alloy components. The mechanical property detection shows that the yield strength of the alloy is 272MPa, and the yield strength is 248MPa after heat treatment for 1000 hours at 150 ℃. The yield strength decay rate was 8.8%.
Comparative example 3 the thermal stability of the Al-Mg-Si based alloy was improved by adding alloying elements such as Mn, cr, ti, V, etc. simultaneously. According to the report of the prior art, for Al-Mg-Si series alloy, mn, cr, ti, V and other elements can be used as a refiner to refine grains, and fine alpha-AlMnFeSi and alpha-AlCrFeSi dispersoids with high thermal stability can be generated due to the existence of impurity Fe, which is beneficial to improving the yield strength and the thermal stability of the alloy. The alloy obtained in comparative example 3 had a yield strength of 272MPa, and after heat treatment at 150 ℃ for 1000 hours, the yield strength was 248MPa, and the yield strength decay rate was 8.8%. In the embodiment 1 of the invention (the addition amounts of Mg and Si are similar to those of the comparative example 3), through the interaction among alloy components and the synergistic effect among processes, the solid solubility of the additive elements in an aluminum matrix is improved, the elements are inhibited from forming coarse hard particles, more usable elements are released, the element utilization rate is improved, in addition, a large number of crystal defects are introduced, the atomic diffusion is effectively promoted, the number density of a strengthening phase is improved, meanwhile, the additive elements are segregated at the interface between the strengthening phase and the matrix, the interface energy is reduced, the coarsening or the coarsening of the strengthening phase is effectively inhibited, the growth controllability of solute atomic segregation is realized, the yield strength of the obtained alloy is 320MPa, after the heat treatment is carried out for 1000 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃, the yield strength is 306MPa, and the yield strength attenuation rate is 4.4%. Therefore, the invention achieves the technical effect which cannot be achieved by the prior art through the interaction among the alloy components and the synergistic effect among the processes.
Claims (5)
1. A high-strength and high-stability Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg:0.5-0.8%; si:0.5 to 0.8 percent; cu:0.1 to 0.2 percent; and (C) Sc:0.1 to 0.2 percent; the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; the balance of Al; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Under argon or SF 6 And CO 2 Under the protection of mixed gas, heating and melting pure Al, pure Cu, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 750-780 ℃; then cooling to 680-700 ℃, adding pure Mg, and after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially carrying out stirring, refining and slag removal procedures to obtain molten alloy liquid;
(2) Standing the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step (1) at 700-750 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, pouring the molten alloy liquid into a mold, and crystallizing into an ingot or guiding the molten alloy liquid to a casting and rolling machine to form a slab through casting and rolling in a gap between two rollers;
(3) Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the ingot or the plate blank obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 500-600 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 2-10h to obtain a homogeneous ingot or plate blank, and then respectively carrying out extrusion or rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy section or sheet;
(4) Respectively carrying out solution heat treatment on the section or the sheet obtained in the step (3), wherein the heat treatment temperature is 500-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-60min, then carrying out 1-10% of pre-strain treatment, and then carrying out aging treatment to obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy with high strength and high stability, wherein the aging treatment comprises the following steps: temperature: 170-250 ℃, time: 2-10h.
2. A high strength, high stability Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein: the die in the step (2) is one of a steel die, a water-cooled steel die, a copper die or a water-cooled copper die; the roller is one of a steel roller, a water-cooled steel roller, a copper roller or a water-cooled copper roller.
3. A high strength, high stability Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy, according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the extrusion in the step (3) is as follows: extruding at 300-500 deg.C at 2-4m/min at an extrusion ratio of 10-30; the rolling comprises the following steps: 4-10 times of cold rolling, and the total reduction amount is 60-90%.
4. A high strength, high stability Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy as recited in claim 3, wherein: and (4) the pre-strain treatment is one of stretching, rolling or compression.
5. A high strength, high stability Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and (4) performing pre-strain treatment of 2-6%.
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