CN116922914B - 一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116922914B CN116922914B CN202310911189.9A CN202310911189A CN116922914B CN 116922914 B CN116922914 B CN 116922914B CN 202310911189 A CN202310911189 A CN 202310911189A CN 116922914 B CN116922914 B CN 116922914B
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Abstract
本申请涉及高分子材料制备领域，具体公开了一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜及其制备方法；一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜，包括热封层、第一芯层、第二芯层及电晕层；热封层包含原料：M‑LLDPE20‑25份、LDPE20‑25份、助剂1‑2份；第一芯层包含原料：LLDPE60‑70份、M‑LLDPE15‑20份、LDPE15‑20份；第二芯层包含原料：LLDPE60‑70份、M‑LLDPE10‑15份、LDPE10‑15份、加工助剂1‑3份；电晕层包含原料：LLDPE80‑95份、LDPE10‑15份、功能助剂0.5‑2份；其制备方法为：原料混合经共混挤出，制得成品；具有高光泽、低雾度、便于观察食材新鲜程度的优点。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及高分子材料制备领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料膜是指用聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯以及其他树脂制成的薄膜，用于包装，制得覆膜层，塑料包装食品在市场上占比越来越高，被广泛应用在食品、医药、化工等领域。
对于蔬菜、海鲜、肉制品、杂粮等食品，可以采用塑料膜对其进行包装，不仅能够保护食品不被损坏，而且还能够延长食品的保质期，保护食品的原有品质并保护其所含的营养成分。
随着生活水平的逐渐提高，人们对食材的新鲜程度要求也逐渐变高，但是现有的食品包装塑料膜，存在雾度较高、光泽度较低的问题，不方便消费者观察内部食品的新鲜度。
因此，如何制备一种高光泽、低雾度的塑料膜，便于人们透过塑料膜观察食材的新鲜程度。
发明内容
为了制备一种高光泽、低雾度的塑料膜，便于人们透过塑料膜观察食材的新鲜程度，本申请提供一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜及其制备方法。
第一方面，本申请提供一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜，采用如下的技术方案：
一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜，所述塑料膜包含依次连接的热封层、第一芯层、第二芯层及电晕层；
热封层包含如下重量份的原料：M-LLDPE20-25份、LDPE20-25份或LLDPE50-60份、助剂1-2份；
第一芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE60-70份、M-LLDPE15-20份、LDPE15-20份；
第二芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE60-70份、M-LLDPE10-15份、LDPE10-15份、加工助剂1-3份；
电晕层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE80-95份、LDPE10-15份、功能助剂0.5-2份。
通过采用上述技术方案，利用热封层、第一芯层、第二芯层和电晕层的相容粘结效果，提高塑料膜的光泽度并降低塑料膜的雾度；配合助剂的防粘连、流平、润滑效果，进一步提高光泽度，降低雾度。
热封层、第一芯层、第二芯层和电晕层相配合，利用热封层的食品级原料保证热封层能够与被包装的食品接触而不易产生毒害作用，第一芯层和第二芯层作为塑料膜的强度支撑，提高塑料膜的机械强度，尽量避免塑料膜在包装、运输过程产生破漏问题，电晕层利用其较高的表面湿润张力，便于油墨等物质涂刷在电晕层表面，提高塑料膜的表面品质。
当塑料膜包装食品时，不仅具有较高的光泽度，而且具有低雾度的优点，并且包装、运输过程中塑料膜不易破漏，能够满足海鲜、鸡肉、冷冻食品的包装，同时便于消费者观察塑料膜内食品的新鲜程度。
优选的，所述助剂包含如下重量份的原料：0.05-0.1份抗氧化剂1010、0.5-1份PMMA羧基微球、0.3-0.5份聚乙二醇2000、0.02-0.1油酸酰胺、0.03-0.1份芥酸酰胺、0.1-0.2份云石蜡。
通过采用上述技术方案，PMMA羧基微球、聚乙二醇2000相配合，微球表面的羧基，配合聚乙二醇中羟基，油酸酰胺和芥酸酰胺中的酰胺基，便于交联形成网络结构，交联网络中利用PMMA微球较高的光泽度以及网络孔隙度，缓解油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺对塑料膜光泽度和雾度的影响，并且采用云石蜡的透明、润滑效果，使塑料膜具有光泽度高、雾度低的优点；同时利用塑料膜内部各原料较好的粘结相容性，进一步保证塑料膜具有较好的光泽度和较低的雾度。
PMMA羧基微球、聚乙二醇、油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺相配合，利用PMMA羧基微球较好的防粘连性以及聚乙二醇较低粘度的分散润滑性，保证塑料膜的光学性能，并且利用油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺较好的爽滑作用以及云石蜡较好的润滑效果，不仅能够降低摩擦力、提高表面湿润张力，而且能够提高流动性，降低粘性，便于塑料膜的制备，同时使塑料膜具有较高的光泽度和较低的雾度。
优选的，所述PMMA羧基微球是由PMMA微球表面粘结丙烯酸树脂制得。
通过采用上述技术方案，由于丙烯酸树脂具有较高的光泽度，PMMA微球经过丙烯酸树脂羧基改性后，PMMA微球表面存在羧基，利用羧基与酰胺基和羟基相配合，不仅提高了塑料膜的机械强度，而且降低了油酸酰胺和芥酸酰胺对雾度的影响，从而使成品塑料膜具有较高光泽度的同时雾度较低。
优选的，所述热封层还包括包膜银离子抗菌剂0.5-1.2份。
通过采用上述技术方案，由于热封层直接与食品接触，对于一些生海鲜而言，存在一定的细菌，所以包膜银离子抗菌剂中的银离子能够起到抑菌、杀菌的作用，同时利用包膜能够延长银离子的杀菌、抑菌时间，从而使塑料膜包装的生海鲜食品能够在长时间的运输、保存过程中，控制其内部细菌含量，保证食品的新鲜程度。
优选的，所述包膜银离子抗菌剂采用如下方法制备而成：
按质量比为1:0.4-1:0.1-0.28将海藻酸钠溶液、透明质酸钠溶液和银离子抗菌液混合搅拌均匀，制得混合液；按质量比为1:2-4将混合液置于植物油和蓖麻油的混合油相中分散搅拌，然后添加交联剂，经交联反应、固化、洗涤、干燥、分散，制得半成品；
将半成品与马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒按质量比为1:0.1-0.4混合搅拌均匀，升温至100-120℃，混合搅拌后，经干燥、分散，制得成品包膜银离子抗菌剂。
通过采用上述技术方案，海藻酸钠、透明质酸钠和银离子交联成微球，然后表面粘结马来酸酐接枝EVA，利用马来酸酐接枝EVA与M-LLDPE和LDPE、LLDPE的粘结相容性，提高包膜银离子抗菌剂在热封层中的粘结相容稳定性，另一方面，利用EVA较好的光泽度以及海藻酸钠、透明质酸钠交联网络的孔隙率，保证塑料膜的光泽度和雾度。
限定银离子抗菌剂的添加量，配合海藻酸钠和透明质酸钠成膜的透明性效果，降低银离子抗菌剂对塑料膜光泽度和雾度的影响，而且银离子不易影响雾度和光泽度。
限定马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒和半成品的比例，使半成品表面部分包膜的同时还能释放银离子，而且部分包膜结构能够提高包膜银离子抗菌剂在热封层中的粘结相容性；而未包覆有马来酸酐接枝EVA的位置利用表面海藻酸钠的羧基以及透明质酸钠的羟基，能够与助剂中的酰胺基等基团吸引连接，从而进一步提高包膜银离子抗菌剂在热封层中的粘结相容性；使塑料膜具有较高机械强度的同时能够缓慢释放抑菌物质，在包装海鲜等物质时，尽量避免塑料袋被刺破，并且尽量避免菌体繁殖影响食品的新鲜度。
优选的，所述加工助剂包含如下重量份的原料：0.8-2份PMMA羧基微球、0.1-0.6份聚乙二醇2000、0.02-0.1油酸酰胺、0.03-0.1份芥酸酰胺、0.05-0.2份云石蜡。
通过采用上述技术方案，利用PMMA羧基微球较高的强度配合PMMA微球、聚乙二醇2000、油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺的交联网络提高加工助剂与第二芯层其他原料的粘结相容性，提高第二芯层的机械强度，从而提高塑料膜的机械强度。
PMMA羧基微球、聚乙二醇2000、白云蜡相配合，利用其较好的光泽度，使塑料膜具有较高的光泽度和较低的雾度。
优选的，所述第一芯层和第二芯层还包括增强颗粒1-3份；增强颗粒由重量比为1:1-3的马来酸酐接枝POE改性石英粉和马来酸酐接枝POE改性PMMA微粒组成。
通过采用上述技术方案，利用石英粉较高的强度配合PMMA微粒较高的强度，使塑料膜具有较高的机械强度；并且利用马来酸酐接枝POE进行接枝，能够增加增强颗粒与第一芯层、第二芯层中其他原料的粘结相容性，从而进一步提高塑料膜的机械强度；同时限定石英粉和PMMA微粒的比例，保证了塑料膜的光泽度和雾度。
优选的，所述电晕层还包括填料颗粒1-3份；填料颗粒由质量比为1:0.1-0.3:0.1-0.3的PMMA微粒、聚乙烯醇溶液、纳米二氧化硅组成。
通过采用上述技术方案，PMMA微粒经激光刻蚀后，表面粗糙度增加，一方面，便于粘结聚乙烯醇溶液和纳米二氧化硅，另一方面，能够提高电晕效果，从而提高表面湿润张力，便于塑料膜表面油墨的印刷和附着。
PMMA微粒和聚乙烯醇溶液所形成的膜层均具有较高的光泽度和较低的雾度，而且纳米二氧化硅粒径较小并限定了纳米二氧化硅的添加量，使电晕层具有较高的光泽度和较低的雾度。
在电晕过程中，PMMA微粒相比于聚乙烯原料不易被电晕破坏，但填料颗粒表面的聚乙烯醇膜容易被破坏，而导致纳米二氧化硅和PMMA微粒容易分离，若分离，则在电晕层表面提高了表面湿润张力，而在电晕层与第二芯层接触面，纳米二氧化硅仍使塑料膜具有较高的机械强度，尽量阻止包装的食品戳破塑料膜。
优选的，所述聚乙烯醇溶液由重量比为1:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.25:90-110的聚乙烯醇、羧甲基淀粉、纳米银粉和水组成。
通过采用上述技术方案，聚乙烯醇、羧甲基淀粉、纳米银粉相配合，利用纳米银粉的导电效果，配合聚乙烯醇和羧甲基淀粉形成的脆性膜层，便于被电晕破坏，从而使电晕层表面便于印刷油墨，进行装饰彩绘。
电晕层中填料颗粒表面的聚乙烯醇与第二芯层中加工助剂相配合，能够利用聚乙烯醇的羟基配合加工助剂中羧基、酰胺基，提高了电晕层与第二芯层的粘结相容性，从而提高塑料膜层结构的稳定性，同时提高了塑料膜的机械强度。
第二方面，本申请提供一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜的制备方法，采用如下的技术方案：
一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、称取M-LLDPE、LDPE或LLDPE、助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得热封层混合料；
S2、称取LLDPE、M-LLDPE、LDPE混合搅拌均匀，制得第一芯层混合料；
S3、称取LLDPE、M-LLDPE、LDPE、加工助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得第二芯层混合料；
S4、称取LLDPE、LDPE、助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得混合料；
S5、热封层混合料、第一芯层混合料、第二芯层混合料、混合料经共混挤出，依次形成热封层、第一芯层、第二芯层，表层，在表层远离第二芯层一侧进行电晕处理，表层变为电晕层，制得成品塑料膜。
通过采用上述技术方案，得到四层复合的塑料膜，内部与食品接触面为热封层，中间为第一芯层和第二芯层，电晕层在外表面，可印刷油墨；制得的塑料膜能够包装食品，并且具有较好的光泽度和较低的雾度，便于消费者观察塑料膜内部的食品新鲜度。
综上所述，本申请具有以下有益效果：
1、热封层、第一芯层、第二芯层和电晕层的相容粘结效果，从而提高塑料膜的光泽度并降低塑料膜的雾度；配合助剂的防粘连、流平、润滑效果，从而提高光泽度，降低雾度，便于消费者观察塑料膜内部食品的新鲜度。
2、PMMA羧基微球、聚乙二醇2000相配合，微球表面的羧基，配合聚乙二醇中羟基，油酸酰胺和芥酸酰胺中的酰胺基，便于交联形成网络结构，交联网络中利用PMMA微球较高的光泽度以及聚乙二醇较高的光泽度和雾度，缓解油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺对塑料膜雾度的影响，并且采用云石蜡的光泽效果，使塑料膜具有光泽度高、雾度低的优点。
3、海藻酸钠、透明质酸钠和银离子交联成微球，然后表面粘结马来酸酐接枝EVA，利用马来酸酐接枝EVA与M-LLDPE和LDPE、LLDPE的粘结相容性，提高包膜银离子抗菌剂在热封层中的粘结相容稳定性，另一方面，利用EVA较好的光泽度以及海藻酸钠、透明质酸钠交联网络的孔隙率，保证塑料膜的光泽度和雾度。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
PMMA羧基微球的制备例
制备例1：PMMA羧基微球采用如下方法制备而成：
称取PMMA微球与丙烯酸树脂混合搅拌均匀，PMMA微球粒径10μm，丙烯酸树脂粒径5μm，升温至110℃，继续搅拌均匀，经干燥、分散，制得成品；成品过600目筛。
包膜银离子抗菌剂的制备例
以下原料中银离子抗菌液购买于广州宏武材料科技有限公司生产的5000ppm银离子透明抗菌液；植物油购买于宜兴市文成化工有限公司生产的环保无色植物油；蓖麻油购买于江西源上草香料有限公司的无色蓖麻油；马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒购买于煜城(鸿基)塑化东莞有限公司生产的食品包装马来酸酐接枝EVA，型号OE；其他原料及设备均为普通市售。
制备例2：包膜银离子抗菌剂采用如下方法制备而成：
称取1kg海藻酸钠溶液、0.6kg透明质酸钠溶液和0.2kg银离子抗菌液混合搅拌均匀，海藻酸钠溶液为质量分数1％的海藻酸钠水溶液，透明质酸钠溶液为质量分数1％的透明质酸钠水溶液，制得混合液；将1kg混合液置于3kg植物油和蓖麻油的混合油相中分散搅拌，植物油和蓖麻油的质量比为1:2，然后添加0.25kg氯化钙固化交联剂，经交联反应、固化、洗涤、冷冻干燥、分散，制得半成品；
将1kg半成品与0.28kg马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒混合搅拌均匀，马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒的粒径为10μm，然后升温至110℃，继续混合搅拌，经干燥、分散，制得成品包膜银离子抗菌剂；包膜银离子抗菌剂过600目筛。
制备例3：包膜银离子抗菌剂采用如下方法制备而成：
称取1kg海藻酸钠溶液、0.4kg透明质酸钠溶液和0.1kg银离子抗菌液混合搅拌均匀，海藻酸钠溶液为质量分数1％的海藻酸钠水溶液，透明质酸钠溶液为质量分数1％的透明质酸钠水溶液，制得混合液；将1kg混合液置于2kg植物油和蓖麻油的混合油相中分散搅拌，植物油和蓖麻油的质量比为1:1，然后添加0.2kg氯化钙固化交联剂，经交联反应、固化、洗涤、冷冻干燥、分散，制得半成品；
将1kg半成品与0.1kg马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒混合搅拌均匀，马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒的粒径为10μm，然后升温至100℃，继续混合搅拌，经干燥、分散，制得成品包膜银离子抗菌剂；包膜银离子抗菌剂过600目筛。
制备例4：包膜银离子抗菌剂采用如下方法制备而成：
称取1kg海藻酸钠溶液、1kg透明质酸钠溶液和0.28kg银离子抗菌液混合搅拌均匀，海藻酸钠溶液为质量分数1％的海藻酸钠水溶液，透明质酸钠溶液为质量分数1％的透明质酸钠水溶液，制得混合液；将1kg混合液置于4kg植物油和蓖麻油的混合油相中分散搅拌，植物油和蓖麻油的质量比为1:3，然后添加0.25kg氯化钙固化交联剂，经交联反应、固化、洗涤、冷冻干燥、分散，制得半成品；
将1kg半成品与0.4kg马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒混合搅拌均匀，马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒的粒径为10μm，然后升温至120℃，继续混合搅拌，经干燥、分散，制得成品包膜银离子抗菌剂；包膜银离子抗菌剂过600目筛。
马来酸酐接枝POE改性石英粉的制备例
以下原料中马来酸酐接枝POE购买于煜城(鸿基)塑化东莞有限公司生产的马来酸酐接枝POE；其他原料及设备均为普通市售。
制备例5：马来酸酐接枝POE接枝石英粉采用如下方法制备而成：
称取1kg马来酸酐接枝POE与5kg石英粉混合搅拌均匀，马来酸酐接枝POE粒径为10μm，石英粉粒径为5μm，然后加热至马来酸酐接枝POE完全热熔，继续以500r/min的速度搅拌20min，经干燥打散至石英粉互不粘连，制得成品。
马来酸酐接枝POE改性石英粉的制备例
以下原料中马来酸酐接枝POE购买于煜城(鸿基)塑化东莞有限公司生产的马来酸酐接枝POE；其他原料及设备均为普通市售。
制备例6：马来酸酐接枝POE改性PMMA微粒采用如下方法制备而成：
称取1kg马来酸酐接枝POE与5kgPMMA微粒混合搅拌均匀，马来酸酐接枝POE粒径为10μm，PMMA微粒粒径为8μm，然后加热至马来酸酐接枝POE完全热熔，继续以500r/min的速度搅拌20min，经干燥打散至PMMA微粒互不粘连，制得成品。
聚乙烯醇溶液的制备例
以下原料中聚乙烯醇购买于广州宏洲化工有限公司生产的食品级聚乙烯醇其他原料及设备均为普通市售。
制备例7：聚乙烯醇溶液采用如下方法制备而成：
称取1kg聚乙烯醇、0.35kg羧甲基淀粉、0.15kg纳米银粉、100kg水混合搅拌均匀，至聚乙烯醇和羧甲基淀粉完全溶解，制得聚乙烯醇溶液；纳米银粉粒径为80nm。
制备例8：本制备例与制备例7的不同之处在于：
称取1kg聚乙烯醇、0.2kg羧甲基淀粉、0.05kg纳米银粉、90kg水混合搅拌均匀，至聚乙烯醇和羧甲基淀粉完全溶解，制得聚乙烯醇溶液。
制备例9：本制备例与制备例7的不同之处在于：
称取1kg聚乙烯醇、0.5kg羧甲基淀粉、0.25kg纳米银粉、110kg水混合搅拌均匀，至聚乙烯醇和羧甲基淀粉完全溶解，制得聚乙烯醇溶液。
填料颗粒的制备例
制备例10：填料颗粒采用如下方法制备而成：
在1kgPMMA微粒表面均匀喷涂0.2kg制备例7制备的聚乙烯醇溶液，PMMA微粒的粒径为10μm，再均匀喷射0.2kg纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化硅粒径为60nm，经干燥、分散，制得成品填料颗粒；填料颗粒过800目筛。
制备例11：填料颗粒采用如下方法制备而成：
在1kgPMMA微粒表面均匀喷涂0.1kg制备例8制备的聚乙烯醇溶液，PMMA微粒的粒径为10μm，聚乙烯醇溶液为质量分数1％的聚乙烯醇水溶液；再均匀喷射0.1kg纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化硅粒径为60nm，经干燥、分散，制得成品填料颗粒；填料颗粒过800目筛。
制备例12：填料颗粒采用如下方法制备而成：
在1kgPMMA微粒表面均匀喷涂0.3kg制备例9制备的聚乙烯醇溶液，PMMA微粒的粒径为10μm，聚乙烯醇溶液为质量分数1％的聚乙烯醇水溶液；再均匀喷射0.3kg纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化硅粒径为60nm，经干燥、分散，制得成品填料颗粒；填料颗粒过800目筛。
实施例
以下原料中M-LLDPE为茂金属线性聚乙烯，购买于埃克森美孚生产的食品级MLLDPE，牌号1018MA；LDPE购买于东莞市晟华塑胶原料有限公司生产的食品级LDPE；LLDPE购买于埃克森美孚食品级LLDPE；其他原料及设备均为普通市售。
实施例1：一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜：
热封层包含如下重量份的原料：M-LLDPE23kg、LDPE23kg、助剂1.5kg；助剂中抗氧化剂1010为0.08kg、制备例1制备的PMMA羧基微球0.73kg、0.4kg聚乙二醇2000、0.08kg油酸酰胺、0.06kg芥酸酰胺、云石蜡0.15kg；
第一芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE65kg、M-LLDPE18kg、LDPE18kg；
第二芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE65kg、M-LLDPE13kg、LDPE12kg、加工助剂2kg；加工助剂包含1.3kg制备例1制备的PMMA羧基微球、0.4kg聚乙二醇2000、0.06kg油酸酰胺、0.06kg份芥酸酰胺、0.18kg云石蜡；
电晕层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE90kg、LDPE12kg、助剂1kg；助剂包含0.2kg抗氧化剂1010、0.2kg抗紫外线吸收剂UV-531、0.5kg聚乙二醇2000、油酸酰胺0.05kg、芥酸酰胺0.05kg；
制备方法如下：
S1、称取M-LLDPE、LDPE、助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得热封层混合料；
S2、称取LLDPE、M-LLDPE、LDPE混合搅拌均匀，制得第一芯层混合料；
S3、称取LLDPE、M-LLDPE、LDPE、加工助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得第二芯层混合料；
S4、称取LLDPE、LDPE、助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得混合料；
S5、热封层混合料、第一芯层混合料、第二芯层混合料、混合料一起在220℃的条件下共混挤出，依次形成热封层、第一芯层、第二芯层，表层，在表层远离第二芯层一侧进行电晕处理，表层变为电晕层，制得复合的成品塑料膜。
实施例2：本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：
热封层包含如下重量份的原料：M-LLDPE20kg、LLDPE50kg、助剂1kg；助剂中抗氧化剂1010为0.05kg、制备例1制备的PMMA羧基微球0.5kg、0.3kg聚乙二醇2000、0.02kg油酸酰胺、0.03kg芥酸酰胺、0.1kg云石蜡；
第一芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE60kg、M-LLDPE15kg、LDPE15kg；
第二芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE60kg、M-LLDPE10kg、LDPE10kg、加工助剂1kg；加工助剂包含0.8kg制备例1制备的PMMA羧基微球、0.1kg聚乙二醇2000、0.02kg油酸酰胺、0.03kg份芥酸酰胺、0.05kg云石蜡；
电晕层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE80kg、LDPE10kg、助剂0.5kg；助剂包含0.1kg抗氧化剂1010、0.1kg抗紫外线吸收剂UV-531、0.1kg聚乙二醇2000、油酸酰胺0.1kg、芥酸酰胺0.1kg；
制备过程中：
S1、称取M-LLDPE、LLDPE、助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得热封层混合料。
实施例3：本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：
热封层包含如下重量份的原料：M-LLDPE25kg、LDPE25kg、助剂2kg；助剂中抗氧化剂1010为0.1kg、制备例1制备的PMMA羧基微球1kg、0.5kg聚乙二醇2000、0.1kg油酸酰胺、0.1kg芥酸酰胺、0.2kg云石蜡；
第一芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE70kg、M-LLDPE20kg、LDPE20kg；
第二芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE70kg、M-LLDPE15kg、LDPE15kg、加工助剂3kg；加工助剂包含2kg制备例1制备的PMMA羧基微球、0.6kg聚乙二醇2000、0.1kg油酸酰胺、0.1kg份芥酸酰胺、0.2kg云石蜡；
电晕层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE95kg、LDPE15kg、助剂2kg；助剂包含0.4kg抗氧化剂1010、0.4kg抗紫外线吸收剂UV-531、0.8kg聚乙二醇2000、油酸酰胺0.2kg、芥酸酰胺0.2kg。
实施例4：本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：
热封层还包括1kg制备例2制备的包膜银离子抗菌剂；
第一芯层和第二芯层还包括增强颗粒2kg；增强颗粒由重量比为1:2.5的制备例5制备的马来酸酐接枝POE改性石英粉和制备例6制备的马来酸酐接枝POE接枝PMMA微粒组成；电晕层还包括2kg制备例10制备的填料颗粒；
制备过程中：
S1、称取M-LLDPE、LDPE、助剂、包膜银离子抗菌剂混合搅拌均匀，制得热封层混合料；S2、称取LLDPE、M-LLDPE、LDPE、增强颗粒混合搅拌均匀，制得第一芯层混合料；
S3、称取LLDPE、M-LLDPE、LDPE、加工助剂、增强颗粒混合搅拌均匀，制得第二芯层混合料；
S4、称取LLDPE、LDPE、助剂、填料颗粒混合搅拌均匀，制得混合料。
实施例5：本实施例与实施例4的不同之处在于：
热封层还包括0.5kg制备例3制备的包膜银离子抗菌剂；
第一芯层和第二芯层还包括增强颗粒1kg；增强颗粒由重量比为1:1的制备例5制备的马来酸酐接枝POE改性石英粉和制备例6制备的马来酸酐接枝POE接枝PMMA微粒组成；
电晕层还包括1kg制备例11制备的填料颗粒；
实施例6：本实施例与实施例4的不同之处在于：
热封层还包括1.2kg制备例4制备的包膜银离子抗菌剂；
第一芯层和第二芯层还包括增强颗粒3kg；增强颗粒由重量比为1:3的制备例5制备的马来酸酐接枝POE改性石英粉和制备例6制备的马来酸酐接枝POE接枝PMMA微粒组成；
电晕层还包括3kg制备例12制备的填料颗粒；
实施例7：本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：
热封层中助剂、第一芯层和第二芯层中的加工助剂，均以同等质量的碳酸钙替换PMMA羧基微球、聚乙二醇2000和云石蜡。
实施例8：本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：
热封层、第一芯层和第二芯层中均以同等质量的PMMA微球替换PMMA羧基微球。
实施例9：本实施例与实施例4的不同之处在于：
热封层中以同等质量的包膜银粉替换包膜银离子抗菌剂；
包膜银粉制备方法如下：
将1kg银粉与0.28kg马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒混合搅拌均匀，银粉粒径10μm，马来酸酐接枝EVA微粒的粒径为10μm，然后升温至110℃，继续混合搅拌，经干燥、分散，制得成品包膜银离子抗菌剂；包膜银离子抗菌剂过500目筛。
实施例10：本实施例与实施例4的不同之处在于：
增强颗粒为石英粉，石英粉粒径为40μm。
实施例11：本实施例与实施例4的不同之处在于：
电晕层中填料颗粒为二氧化硅，二氧化硅粒径40μm。
实施例12：本实施例与实施例4的不同之处在于：
电晕层中填料颗粒的聚乙烯醇溶液中未添加纳米银粉和羧甲基淀粉。
性能检测试验
1、光泽度检测
分别采用实施例1-12的制备方法制备成品塑料膜，参考GB/T8807-1998检测塑料膜的光泽度，选择60°角，记录数据。
2、雾度检测
分别采用实施例1-12的制备方法制备成品塑料膜，参考GB/T2410-2008透明塑料光泽度和雾度的测定，检测塑料膜的雾度，记录数据。
3、机械强度检测
分别采用实施例1-12的制备方法制备成品塑料膜，参考GB/T10401-2018检测塑料膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率，记录实施例1-6、8-12的拉伸强度以及实施例1的断裂伸长率数据。
4、表面湿润张力检测
分别采用实施例1-6、12的制备方法制备成品塑料膜，参考GB/T 14216-2008检测表面湿润张力记录数据。
表1性能测试表
结合实施例1-3并结合表1可以看出，本申请制备的塑料膜具有较高的光泽度、较低的雾度，较高的机械强度，能够满足使用领域的包装应用，便于消费者观察塑料膜内部食品新鲜度的同时，保证塑料膜不易被包装食品破坏。
结合实施例1和实施例4-6并结合表1可以看出，添加银离子抗菌剂、增强颗粒和填料颗粒，能够提高塑料膜强度的同时，保证塑料膜仍具有较高的光泽度，满足对冷冻食品的包装，尽量避免冰刺尖端破坏塑料膜的包装效果；并且表面湿润张力较高，便于油墨等涂料的印刷、涂覆。
结合实施例1和实施例7-8并结合表1可以看出，实施例7热封层中助剂、第一芯层和第二芯层中的加工助剂，均以同等质量的碳酸钙替换PMMA羧基微球、聚乙二醇2000和云石蜡，相比于实施例1，实施例7制备的塑料膜光泽度小于实施例1、雾度大于实施例1；说明PMMA羧基微球、聚乙二醇、油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺相配合，利用PMMA羧基微球较好的防粘连性以及聚乙二醇较低粘度的分散润滑性，保证塑料膜的光学性能，并且利用油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺较好的爽滑作用以及云石蜡较好的润滑效果，不仅能够降低摩擦力、提高表面湿润张力，而且能够提高流动性，减少粘性，便于塑料膜的制备，同时使塑料膜具有较高的光泽度和较低的雾度。
实施例8热封层、第一芯层和第二芯层中均以同等质量的PMMA微球替换PMMA羧基微球，相比于实施例1，实施例8制备的塑料膜机械强度低于实施例1；说明PMMA微球经过丙烯酸树脂羧基改性后，PMMA微球表面存在羧基，利用羧基与酰胺基和羟基相配合，不仅提高了塑料膜的机械强度，而且降低了油酸酰胺和芥酸酰胺对雾度的影响，从而使成品塑料膜具有较高光泽度的同时雾度较低。
结合实施例4和实施例9-12并结合表1可以看出，实施例9热封层中以同等质量的包膜银粉替换包膜银离子抗菌剂，相比于实施例4，实施例9制备的塑料膜光泽度小于实施例4、雾度大于实施例4、拉伸强度低于实施例4；说明海藻酸钠、透明质酸钠和银离子交联成微球，然后表面粘结马来酸酐接枝EVA，保证光泽度和雾度；而羧基、羟基的存在便于与助剂中酰胺基相连接，提高塑料膜内部各原料的连接相容性，从而提高塑料膜的机械强度。
实施例10增强颗粒为石英粉，相比于实施例4，实施例10制备的塑料膜光泽度低于实施例4，雾度大于实施例4；说明石英粉表面经过马来酸酐接枝POE处理，不仅能够保证塑料膜的光泽度和雾度，而且还能够提高石英粉与塑料原料的粘结相容度，从而保证塑料膜的机械强度。
实施例11电晕层中填料颗粒为二氧化硅，二氧化硅粒径40μm，相比于实施例4，实施例11制备的塑料膜光泽度小于实施例4，雾度大于实施例4；说明较大粒径的二氧化硅虽然具有较高的机械强度，但是容易影响塑料膜的光泽度和雾度。
实施例12电晕层中填料颗粒的聚乙烯醇溶液中未添加纳米银粉和羧甲基淀粉，相比于实施例4，实施例12制备的塑料膜拉伸强度小于实施例4、表面湿润张力小于实施例4；说明聚乙烯醇、羧甲基淀粉、纳米银粉相配合，便于进行电晕处理，提高表面湿润张力，从而便于印刷油墨；而且能够提高塑料膜层的机械强度。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释，其并不是对本申请的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (2)
1.一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜，其特征在于，所述塑料膜包含依次连接的热封层、第一芯层、第二芯层及电晕层；
热封层包含如下重量份的原料：M-LLDPE23kg、LDPE23kg、助剂1.5kg；助剂中抗氧化剂1010为0.08kg、PMMA羧基微球0.73kg、0.4kg聚乙二醇2000、0.08kg油酸酰胺、0.06kg芥酸酰胺、云石蜡0.15kg；PMMA羧基微球是由PMMA微球表面粘结丙烯酸树脂制得；
第一芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE65kg、M-LLDPE18kg、LDPE18kg、增强颗粒2kg；第二芯层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE65kg、M-LLDPE13kg、LDPE12kg、加工助剂2kg、增强颗粒2kg；加工助剂包含1.3kgPMMA羧基微球、0.4kg聚乙二醇2000、0.06kg油酸酰胺、0.06kg份芥酸酰胺、0.18kg云石蜡；PMMA羧基微球是由PMMA微球表面粘结丙烯酸树脂制得；
电晕层包含如下重量份的原料：LLDPE90kg、LDPE12kg、助剂1kg、填料颗粒2kg；助剂包含0.2kg抗氧化剂1010、0.2kg抗紫外线吸收剂UV-531、0.5kg聚乙二醇2000、油酸酰胺0.05kg、芥酸酰胺0.05kg；
增强颗粒由重量比为1:2.5的马来酸酐接枝POE改性石英粉和马来酸酐接枝POE改性PMMA微粒组成；
填料颗粒由质量比为1:0.2:0.2的PMMA微粒、聚乙烯醇溶液、纳米二氧化硅组成；聚乙烯醇溶液由重量比为1:0.35:0.15:100的聚乙烯醇、羧甲基淀粉、纳米银粉和水组成。
2.权利要求1所述的一种高光泽低雾度塑料膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、称取M-LLDPE、LDPE或LLDPE、助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得热封层混合料；
S2、称取LLDPE、M-LLDPE、LDPE混合搅拌均匀，制得第一芯层混合料；
S3、称取LLDPE、M-LLDPE、LDPE、加工助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得第二芯层混合料；
S4、称取LLDPE、LDPE、助剂混合搅拌均匀，制得混合料；
S5、热封层混合料、第一芯层混合料、第二芯层混合料、混合料一起在220℃的条件下共混挤出，依次形成热封层、第一芯层、第二芯层，表层，在表层远离第二芯层一侧进行电晕处理，表层变为电晕层，制得复合的成品塑料膜。
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