CN116874725A - Natural degradable cotton straw biological matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Natural degradable cotton straw biological matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116874725A CN116874725A CN202310901573.0A CN202310901573A CN116874725A CN 116874725 A CN116874725 A CN 116874725A CN 202310901573 A CN202310901573 A CN 202310901573A CN 116874725 A CN116874725 A CN 116874725A
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical group OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 abstract description 54
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 abstract description 53
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gossypol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=C(O)C(O)=C(C=O)C2=C(O)C(C=3C(O)=C4C(C=O)=C(O)C(O)=C(C4=CC=3C)C(C)C)=C(C)C=C21 QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical group N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thespesin Natural products CC(C)c1c(O)c(O)c2C(O)Oc3c(c(C)cc1c23)-c1c2OC(O)c3c(O)c(O)c(C(C)C)c(cc1C)c23 QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930000755 gossypol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229950005277 gossypol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiracizine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)CN(C)C)C2=CC(NC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710095674 Protein 6.5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetramethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
- C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4081—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/64 with other macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/64—Macromolecular compounds not provided for by groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/63
- C08G18/6492—Lignin containing materials; Wood resins; Wood tars; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6674—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a natural degradable cotton straw biological matrix and a preparation method thereof. The invention adds water and tannic acid into crushed and screened cotton straw powder, stirs, then adds the prepared polyurethane prepolymer, mixes them quickly and evenly, pours the mixture into a mould spraying polyurethane release agent, discharges excessive water, puts into a 60 ℃ oven to foam and dry for 24 hours. The material has good cohesiveness, strength and degradability, and can be used in the fields of moisture preservation and water storage of soil in arid areas, vegetation restoration, cultivation substrates of modern agriculture and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of utilization of cotton straw and polyurethane, in particular to a method for preparing a natural degradable cotton straw biological matrix.
Technical Field
Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer compound, which is an indispensable material for people's production and life. Different PU has different performances, wherein the PU elastomer has performances of wear resistance, low temperature resistance and the like, and can be degraded under the biological action.
The cotton sowing area of the whole country in 2022 is about 300 ten thousand hectares, the annual yield of cotton stalks is about 1793 ten thousand tons, wherein the cotton sowing area in Xinjiang is about 250 ten thousand hectares, and the annual yield of cotton stalks is more than about 1617 ten thousand tons. The cotton stalk contains cellulose 44%, hemicellulose 10.7%, lignin 15.4%, crude protein 6.5% and gossypol 0.03%, and is a good renewable and degradable biological matrix material. If a large amount of straws are improperly disposed, resources are wasted, and a certain pollution is caused to the environment. At present, the cotton straw treatment method mainly comprises incineration, burial and feed utilization, wherein the straw incineration in northwest areas is easy to exacerbate the formation of haze weather; the soil is buried because the Xinjiang climate is arid, and the high-content lignin of the cotton straw makes the straw have high rigidity and are not easy to rot, and the straw cannot be changed into fertilizer instead to become the burden of the soil, so that the fertility of the soil is reduced; the cotton straw has high cellulose content, low hemicellulose content and toxic gossypol, and is directly used as feed with low utilization rate and poor effect. The traditional treatment method of the straw has a certain hazard, which causes the difficulty of utilizing the cotton straw. In recent years, the cultivation substrate for moisturizing and storing water, repairing vegetation and modern agriculture of soil in northwest arid regions has great attention, and the industry of using straw resources as raw materials to replace non-renewable peat soil as a biological substrate has better prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that cotton stalks are difficult to use, the invention provides a preparation method of a natural degradable cotton stalk biological matrix, and the product is used in the fields of moisture preservation and water storage of soil in arid areas, vegetation restoration, cultivation matrixes in modern agriculture and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a naturally degradable cotton stalk biological matrix, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of cotton straw powder with the particle size smaller than 0.25mm, 24-30 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 160-240 parts of deionized water and 0.4-0.8 part of tannic acid.
The addition amount of deionized water influences the drying time and the foaming condition of PU, and further influences the strength of the sample.
Preferably, the natural degradable cotton straw biological matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of cotton straw powder with the particle size smaller than 0.25mm, 26.7 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 200 parts of deionized water and 0.4 part of tannic acid.
Further, the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared as follows:
based on the polyurethane prepolymer, taking 6-7 parts by mass of toluene diisocyanate and 21-24 parts by mass of HK-330E polyether polyol, stirring at 60-100 ℃ for reaction for 1-3 hours, adding 0.8 part by mass of chain extender, and continuing stirring for 5-15min (10 min in the embodiment of the invention) to prepare the polyurethane prepolymer.
In one embodiment of the invention, the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared as follows:
6 parts by mass of toluene diisocyanate and 21 parts by mass of HK-330E polyether polyol are stirred at 80 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, 0.8 part by mass of chain extender is added, and stirring is continued for 10 minutes, so that the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared.
Preferably, the chain extender is diethylene glycol or tetrabutyl glycol, preferably diethylene glycol. The groups of different chain extenders affect the water absorption performance of polyurethane, and the chain extender is used as a hard segment of polyurethane to affect the strength of polyurethane, so that the strength of a sample is affected. The chain extender can effectively improve the water absorption performance, otherwise the final finished product is easy to disperse, and the slag is obvious.
The person skilled in the art knows that the polyether polyol can be dehydrated for more than 2 hours in a drying oven at 80 ℃ before use in order to avoid foaming of the water in the polyether polyol by reaction with isocyanate.
The prepolymer is preferably cooled to room temperature when preparing the natural degradable cotton stalk biological matrix, so as to ensure the fluidity of the prepolymer and slow down the foaming reaction of the prepolymer and water.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the naturally degradable cotton stalk biological matrix, the method comprising the steps of:
uniformly mixing cotton straw powder with the grain diameter smaller than 0.25mm, tannic acid and deionized water, pouring polyurethane prepolymer with the formula amount, uniformly mixing, shaping the mixture by adopting a mould, draining, standing and foaming for 12-36 h at 20-60 ℃ (preferably 60 ℃ for 24 h), and obtaining the natural degradable cotton straw biological matrix.
And a drain hole is arranged at the bottom of the die. The skilled artisan will appreciate that a release agent may be sprayed onto the inner surface of the mold prior to placing the mixture into the mold. Known methods for synthesizing PU include a one-step method, a semi-prepolymer method and a prepolymer method. The invention adopts a prepolymer method to prepare polyurethane, namely, hydroxyl groups of polyol and isocyanic acid groups of isocyanate react to generate a prepolymer with end sealing groups of isocyanic acid groups. The isocyanate groups in the prepolymer react with water to generate unstable carbamic acid, and then the unstable carbamic acid is decomposed into amine and carbon dioxide, wherein the generation of the carbon dioxide increases small cells of the module, which is beneficial to improving the air permeability of the module. The PU prepolymer has certain cohesiveness, and after being compounded with straw powder, the isocyanate groups are combined with the molecules of polyhydroxy groups in the straw, so that the cohesiveness effect is further improved, the loosening condition of a sample is avoided, and the sample transportation is facilitated.
The cotton straw can be selected to have the length of less than 40mm, the amount of cotton straw powder obtained after crushing is increased, the cotton straw powder is selected to have the particle size of less than 0.25mm, and the powder particle size is too large, and the mixing and stirring fluidity of the powder and water are poor, so that the sample molding is affected.
Preferably, the prepolymerization reaction temperature is 60 to 100 ℃, for example 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, and the reaction time is 1 to 3 hours, for example 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, and the time is counted from the heating temperature reaching the target temperature range, in which the amount of isocyanato end-capping in the prepolymer can be controlled, mainly in order to make the produced prepolymer more stable and ensure the subsequent foaming effect.
The ratio of polyol to toluene diisocyanate directly affects the strength and properties of the prepolymer. The PU prepolymer, deionized water and tannic acid are mixed and stirred to obtain foaming PU, the reaction is accelerated along with the rising of the temperature, and the foaming speed can be reduced by stirring at room temperature.
Preferably, the amount of the prepolymer added to the mixture of the prepolymer and the powder is 37.5% to 42.5%, specifically 37.5%, 40%, 42.5%, and the amount of the prepolymer added affects the cohesiveness, strength, and water absorbency of the sample.
Tannic acid contains polyhydroxy structure and reacts with PU prepolymer to generate macromolecule elastomer with space reticular structure, which improves the cohesiveness of powder and PU, thus guaranteeing the integral strength of module, reducing slag drop, and tannic acid is a good biodegradable material, improving the degradation efficiency of product.
After the water is discharged, the foaming PU is accelerated along with the rising of the temperature, so that the PU is continuously expanded to fill the gaps of cotton straw powder, the overall cohesiveness of the module is improved, and a certain porosity is provided for the module.
As the optimal selection, the drying modes comprise oven drying at 60 ℃ and natural drying, and the foaming condition of PU is affected by different drying modes, so that the temperature is high, the foaming reaction speed is high, and macropores are formed; the temperature is low, the foaming reaction speed is low, and small holes are formed easily. The large holes are favorable for absorbing water, and the small holes are favorable for increasing strength.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the naturally degradable cotton stalk biological matrix in preparing a cultivation matrix.
The invention designs a preparation method of a natural degradable cotton straw biological matrix aiming at the problem that cotton straw is difficult to use. The cotton straw is crushed and then reacts with the PU prepolymer, the rigidity of the sample is greatly lower than that of the straw, so that the sample is easier to degrade compared with the straw, and the sample has good strength due to the high-content lignin in the cotton straw, so that the phenomenon of crushing and slag dropping is reduced, and the transportation is convenient. The cotton straw has high content of cellulose, and the cellulose has more hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, so that the moisture absorption and water retention of the matrix are improved. As a cultivation substrate, the straw and PU components in the sample are degraded to release nutrients, so that the plant growth can be promoted. The invention effectively utilizes the waste cotton stalks, develops a new technical route for the moisture preservation and water storage of soil in arid areas, the vegetation restoration and the mass production of culture substrates in modern agriculture, and has the significance of realizing the green circulation of crops.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, PU is synthesized by adopting a prepolymer method, the internal heating value is less during foaming, the temperature rise is low, the foaming is facilitated, and the yield of the sample is high.
2. The cotton straw lignin and cellulose content is higher, so that the module has higher strength and water absorption and moisture retention.
3. The tannin added in the sample is a good degradable biological material, and can effectively improve the degradability and strength of the sample.
4. The cotton stalk and PU release nutrient substances through biodegradation, which is beneficial to plant growth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an Infrared (IR) spectrum of the biological matrix prepared in example 1
FIG. 2 is a graph showing pore volume and pore diameter distribution of the biomatrix prepared in example 1
FIG. 3 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the biological matrix prepared in example 1
FIG. 4 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the biological substrate prepared in example 1 degraded in grasslands for 105d
Detailed Description
Example 1
The crushed cotton straw is crushed and transported locally in Xinjiang, the cotton straw is put into a crusher to be crushed for 90 seconds, the obtained cotton straw powder is screened, and the cotton straw powder with the mesh number of more than 60 meshes (the grain diameter is less than 0.25 mm) is selected for standby.
And (3) putting the HK-330E polyether polyol into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to dehydrate for more than 2 hours for later use.
Spraying the polyurethane release agent of the beauty tree 606 on the surface of the mould uniformly, and standing for standby.
30g of toluene diisocyanate and 105g of HK-330E polyether polyol are weighed and added into a beaker, the beaker is placed in an electric heating sleeve, the temperature is set to 80 ℃, a stirring paddle is placed at the upper part of liquid, the rotating speed is adjusted to 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and then 4g of diethylene glycol serving as a chain extender is added and stirred for 10 minutes, so that the prepolymer is prepared. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 200g of cotton straw powder is weighed, 2g of tannic acid and 1000g of deionized water are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 133.3g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, placing the mould into a 60 ℃ oven for standing, foaming and drying for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. As shown in FIG. 1, 3342cm -1 The corresponding characteristic absorption peak of hydroxyl group can be derived from lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, 2970cm -1 The absorption peak is mainly stretching vibration of methyl, 1729cm -1 、1649cm -1 The corresponding absorption peak is C=O antisymmetric telescopic vibration, 1604cm -1 And 1452cm -1 The absorption peak of (C) is N-H flexural vibration, 1537cm < -1 > corresponds to characteristic absorption peak of benzene ring, 1373cm -1 Corresponding CH 2 Characteristic absorption peak, 1229cm -1 Corresponding to C=O characteristic absorption peak, 1076cm -1 Is a characteristic absorption peak of the ester group. The pore structure was tested by mercury intrusion as shown in Table 2 to give example 1The porosity reaches 68.51 percent, and the total pore area reaches 1.475m 2 Per g, average pore size up to 5.061X 10 3 The total pore volume reaches 1.866mL/g, the permeability reaches 81.40 multiplied by 10 3 And mD. As shown in FIG. 2, the pore diameter of the sample is mainly distributed at 10 5 near nm. Fig. 3 and 4 are SEM images of degradation of the sample, undegraded and buried in grass 105d, respectively, comparing the larger size pores found in fig. 4, demonstrating the apparent degradation of PU in the sample by microorganisms.
Example 2
The powder, polyether polyol and die used in this example are the same as those used in example 1
Weighing 35g of toluene diisocyanate and 105g of HK-330E polyether polyol, adding the mixture into a beaker, placing the beaker into an electric heating sleeve, setting the temperature at 80 ℃, placing a stirring paddle at the upper part of the liquid, adjusting the rotating speed at 400r/min, reacting for 2h, adding 4g of diethylene glycol serving as a chain extender, and stirring for 10min to obtain the prepolymer. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 200g of cotton straw powder is weighed, 2g of tannic acid and 1000g of deionized water are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 133.3g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, placing the mould into a 60 ℃ oven for standing, foaming and drying for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The proportion of toluene diisocyanate is improved, the hardness content of PU is improved, and the sample is too high in hardness and lacks elasticity.
Example 3
The powder, polyether polyol and die used in this example are the same as those used in example 1
30g of toluene diisocyanate and 120g of HK-330E polyether polyol are weighed and added into a beaker, the beaker is placed in an electric heating sleeve, the temperature is set to 80 ℃, a stirring paddle is placed at the upper part of liquid, the rotating speed is adjusted to 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and then 4g of diethylene glycol serving as a chain extender is added and stirred for 10 minutes, so that the prepolymer is prepared. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 200g of cotton straw powder is weighed, 2g of tannic acid and 1000g of deionized water are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 133.3g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, placing the mould into a 60 ℃ oven for standing, foaming and drying for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The proportion of the HK-330E polyether polyol is increased, so that isocyanate groups are reduced, the foaming amount is reduced, holes are reduced, and the water absorption is reduced.
Example 4
The powder, polyether polyol and die used in this example are the same as those used in example 1
30g of toluene diisocyanate and 105g of HK-330E polyether polyol are weighed and added into a beaker, the beaker is placed in an electric heating sleeve, the temperature is set to 80 ℃, a stirring paddle is placed at the upper part of liquid, the rotating speed is adjusted to 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and then 4g of chain extender-tetrabutyl glycol is added and stirred for 10 minutes, so that the prepolymer is prepared. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 200g of cotton straw powder is weighed, 2g of tannic acid and 1000g of deionized water are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 133.3g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, placing the mould into a 60 ℃ oven for standing, foaming and drying for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The chain extender used was polytetramethylene glycol, which was chemically different and produced PU elastomers having poorer elasticity than example 1.
EXAMPLE 5 tannic acid free
The powder, polyether polyol and die used in this example are the same as those used in example 1
30g of toluene diisocyanate and 105g of HK-330E polyether polyol are weighed and added into a beaker, the beaker is placed in an electric heating sleeve, the temperature is set to 80 ℃, a stirring paddle is placed at the upper part of liquid, the rotating speed is adjusted to 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and then 4g of diethylene glycol serving as a chain extender is added and stirred for 10 minutes, so that the prepolymer is prepared. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 200g of cotton straw powder is weighed, 1000g of tannic acid and deionized water are not added, and the cotton straw powder is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 133.3g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, placing the mould into a 60 ℃ oven for standing, foaming and drying for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The straw powder is directly reacted and bonded with the PU prepolymer without adsorbing tannin, so that the powder is poor in bonding, slag falling occurs, the foaming amount of isocyanate groups and water reaction is increased, and the sample pores are increased, but the water absorption of the sample is reduced and the water absorption of unit volume is reduced more due to the change of the PU structure.
Example 6
The powder, polyether polyol and die used in this example are the same as those used in example 1
30g of toluene diisocyanate and 105g of HK-330E polyether polyol are weighed and added into a beaker, the beaker is placed in an electric heating sleeve, the temperature is set to 80 ℃, a stirring paddle is placed at the upper part of liquid, the rotating speed is adjusted to 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and then 4g of diethylene glycol serving as a chain extender is added and stirred for 10 minutes, so that the prepolymer is prepared. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 200g of cotton straw powder is weighed, 2g of tannic acid and 1200g of deionized water are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 133.3g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, placing the mould into a 60 ℃ oven for standing, foaming and drying for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The proportion of deionized water is increased, the water content of the powder mixture is increased, the drying time is prolonged, the cohesiveness of the sample is reduced, and the sample is easy to loosen.
Example 7
The powder, polyether polyol and die used in this example are the same as those used in example 1
30g of toluene diisocyanate and 105g of HK-330E polyether polyol are weighed and added into a beaker, the beaker is placed in an electric heating sleeve, the temperature is set to 80 ℃, a stirring paddle is placed at the upper part of liquid, the rotating speed is adjusted to 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and then 4g of diethylene glycol serving as a chain extender is added and stirred for 10 minutes, so that the prepolymer is prepared. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 180g of cotton stalk powder is weighed, 2g of tannic acid and 720g of deionized water are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 133g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, placing the mould into a 60 ℃ oven for standing, foaming and drying for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The proportion of deionized water is reduced, the water content of the powder mixture is low, the foaming degree of PU reaction is low, and the hardness of the sample is improved.
Example 8
The powder, polyether polyol and die used in this example are the same as those used in example 1
30g of toluene diisocyanate and 105g of HK-330E polyether polyol are weighed and added into a beaker, the beaker is placed in an electric heating sleeve, the temperature is set to 80 ℃, a stirring paddle is placed at the upper part of liquid, the rotating speed is adjusted to 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and then 4g of diethylene glycol serving as a chain extender is added and stirred for 10 minutes, so that the prepolymer is prepared. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 200g of cotton straw powder is weighed, 2g of tannic acid and 1000g of deionized water are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 120g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, placing the mould into a 60 ℃ oven for standing, foaming and drying for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The addition amount of the PU prepolymer is reduced, the adhesive component is reduced when the PU prepolymer reacts with the powder, and the sample is easy to loosen due to insufficient adhesive property.
Example 9
The powder, polyether polyol and die used in this example are the same as those used in example 1
30g of toluene diisocyanate and 105g of HK-330E polyether polyol are weighed and added into a beaker, the beaker is placed in an electric heating sleeve, the temperature is set to 80 ℃, a stirring paddle is placed at the upper part of liquid, the rotating speed is adjusted to 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and then 4g of diethylene glycol serving as a chain extender is added and stirred for 10 minutes, so that the prepolymer is prepared. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 200g of cotton straw powder is weighed, 2g of tannic acid and 1000g of deionized water are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 133.3g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, standing, naturally foaming and airing on a balcony, and demoulding after one week to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The drying temperature is changed, the drying time is increased, PU is easy to hydrolyze, the cohesiveness of the sample is reduced, and slight slag falling and other conditions occur.
Example 10
The powder, polyether polyol and die used in this example are the same as those used in example 1
30g of toluene diisocyanate and 105g of HK-330E polyether polyol are weighed and added into a beaker, the beaker is placed in an electric heating sleeve, the temperature is set to 80 ℃, a stirring paddle is placed at the upper part of liquid, the rotating speed is adjusted to 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2 hours, and then 4g of diethylene glycol serving as a chain extender is added and stirred for 10 minutes, so that the prepolymer is prepared. The beaker was removed and the prepolymer cooled to room temperature. 200g of cotton straw powder is weighed, 4g of tannic acid and 1000g of deionized water are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred, so that all the powder is wet and has certain fluidity. 133.3g of PU prepolymer was rapidly poured into the powder, and stirred rapidly with a stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix PU with the powder. Pouring the reactant into a mould after stirring, discharging excessive moisture from holes below the mould by using a pressing block, placing the mould into a 60 ℃ oven for standing, foaming and drying for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain the cotton straw biodegradable biological matrix. The water absorption and sample conditions of the examples are shown in Table 1. The increase of the addition amount of the tannin has no change on the condition and the water absorption rate of the sample, and the excessive addition amount of the tannin is oxidized to cause blackening of the sample.
Example 11
5 samples prepared in example 9 were taken and the mass of each sample was separately weighed and recorded. Digging a soil pit with the length and width of about 15cm and the depth of about 20cm in the grassland for 11 months No. 1, burying the weighed sample in the soil pit, piling the soil back, covering the turf, and ensuring the soil environment unchanged. Taking one sample from the soil pit each time according to the degradation days of 15d, 30d, 60d, 105d and 165d (taking the sample to restore the original sample), carefully cleaning the soil on the surface of the sample, putting the sample into an oven for drying, and measuring the degradation rate of the sample in the soil according to a weightless method (namely the degradation rate=1-the mass of the sample after degradation/the original mass of the sample). The degradation rate of the sample is shown in table 3. From Table 3, it is clear that the sample has reached 39.9% degradation rate after 165 days in the grassland pit, indicating that the sample has good biodegradability, wherein the degradation time is close to the degradation rate of 60d and 30d, because the degradation activity of microorganisms is weak when the time is 12 months to 1 month, and the air temperature is low.
Experimental factors for different embodiments are as follows: example 2 compared to example 1, it can be seen that an increase in the isocyanate ratio increases the hardness of the sample; example 3 as compared to example 1, it can be seen that an increase in the polyol ratio decreases the water absorption properties of the sample; example 4 as can be seen by comparison with example 1, the elasticity of the different samples of chain extender is different; as can be seen by comparing examples 5 and 10 with example 1, the addition of tannin can effectively improve the water absorption per unit volume, but excessive tannin can cause the sample to oxidize and blacken, so that obvious degradation marks of polyurethane added with tannin can be clearly seen from SEM images; examples 6 and 7 compared to example 1, it can be seen that the higher the deionized water ratio, the looser the sample, but too low a ratio would make the sample too stiff and less elastic; example 8 as compared to example 1, it can be seen that a decrease in the proportion of prepolymer results in a significant loosening of the sample; example 9 shows a slight decrease in both water absorption and sample strength of the naturally dried samples as compared to example 1. Example 1 has relatively good water absorption properties and good sample conditions compared to the other examples, but the experimental conditions should be changed according to specific requirements.
Table 1 water absorption of each example
Table 2 pore size data for samples
Table 3 degradation rate of samples
| Degradation time | 15d | 30d | 60d | 105d | 165d |
| Original quality (g) | 5.53 | 4.22 | 4.78 | 4.56 | 4.74 |
| Quality after degradation (g) | 4.95 | 3.38 | 3.79 | 3.22 | 2.85 |
| Degradation rate | 10.5％ | 19.9％ | 20.7％ | 29.3％ | 39.9％ |
Claims (10)
1. The natural degradable cotton stalk biological matrix is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of cotton straw powder with the particle size smaller than 0.25mm, 24-30 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 160-240 parts of deionized water and 0.4-0.8 part of tannic acid.
2. The natural degradable cotton stalk biological matrix according to claim 1, wherein the natural degradable cotton stalk biological matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of cotton straw powder with the particle size smaller than 0.25mm, 26.7 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 200 parts of deionized water and 0.4 part of tannic acid.
3. The naturally degradable cotton stalk biological substrate of claim 1 wherein said polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by the following method:
based on the polyurethane prepolymer, taking 6-7 parts by mass of toluene diisocyanate and 21-24 parts by mass of HK-330E polyether polyol, stirring and reacting for 1-3 hours at 60-100 ℃, adding 0.8 part by mass of chain extender, and continuing stirring for 5-15 minutes to obtain the polyurethane prepolymer.
4. A naturally degradable cotton straw biological substrate according to claim 3, wherein said polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by the following method: 6 parts by mass of toluene diisocyanate and 21 parts by mass of HK-330E polyether polyol are stirred at 80 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, 0.8 part by mass of chain extender is added, and stirring is continued for 10 minutes, so that the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared.
5. The naturally degradable cotton stalk biological substrate of claim 3 or 4 wherein: the chain extender is diethylene glycol or tetrabutyl glycol.
6. The naturally degradable cotton stalk biological substrate of claim 5 wherein: the chain extender is diethylene glycol.
7. The method for preparing a naturally degradable cotton straw biological matrix according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
uniformly mixing cotton straw powder with the grain diameter smaller than 0.25mm, tannic acid and deionized water, pouring polyurethane prepolymer with the formula amount, uniformly mixing, shaping the obtained mixture by adopting a mould, draining water, standing and foaming for 12-36 h at 20-60 ℃ to obtain the natural degradable cotton straw biological matrix.
8. The method for preparing the natural degradable cotton stalk biological matrix according to claim 7, wherein: the temperature of the standing foaming is 60 ℃ and the time is 24 hours.
9. The method for preparing the natural degradable cotton stalk biological matrix according to claim 7, wherein: and a drain hole is arranged at the bottom of the die.
10. Use of a naturally degradable cotton stalk biological matrix according to claim 1 in the preparation of a cultivation matrix.
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