CN116871683A - Laser spot welding method for titanium alloy thin wall built-in reinforcing rib structure - Google Patents
Laser spot welding method for titanium alloy thin wall built-in reinforcing rib structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN116871683A CN116871683A CN202310935398.7A CN202310935398A CN116871683A CN 116871683 A CN116871683 A CN 116871683A CN 202310935398 A CN202310935398 A CN 202310935398A CN 116871683 A CN116871683 A CN 116871683A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 254
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 claims 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/22—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of material processing and manufacturing, and relates to a laser spot welding method for a titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure. The invention mainly utilizes a laser heat source with high energy density, good accessibility and high welding precision to be arranged at the tail end of a six-axis mechanical arm, and the bottom crimping of the built-in reinforcing rib and the lap joint surface of the inner skin are welded; in the welding process, a special auxiliary welding position changing tool is in an inclined welding mode, so that dust and splashes generated in the welding process are reduced to fly into a laser welding gun along a coaxial gas protection cover, the light emitting quality of laser is influenced, meanwhile, the thickness of photoinduced plasmas needing to pass through on a laser transmission line can be avoided to the greatest extent, the absorption of the photoinduced plasmas to laser energy is prevented from being reduced, and the welding quality is influenced; and the method of conveying the protection argon coaxial with the connecting laser beam is adopted, so that the degree of freedom of a welding path is improved, the size of the protection air supply device is controlled, and the protection effect of the argon on a molten pool is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material processing and manufacturing, and relates to a laser spot welding method for a titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure.
Background
In order to meet the requirements of portability, flexibility, safety and long service life of the novel vehicle, titanium alloy skin structures with built-in reinforcing ribs are widely used as products with aerodynamic shapes. At present, for manufacturing a skin structure with built-in reinforcing ribs, common methods are riveting, resistance spot welding, wallboard penetration welding and double-beam welding developed in recent years, and according to analysis of a technological method, the riveting process is of a lap joint structure, rivet holes are needed to be formed at the connecting positions, then rivets are used for connection, the original state of materials is damaged, the size of a bent edge at the bottom of the reinforcing ribs is needed to be larger than that of the rivets, and the weight of parts is increased; the resistance spot welding is connected with the built-in reinforcing rib, and because the inner side and the outer side of the skin structure are required to be pressurized simultaneously, the welding spot position on the outer side of the skin after welding generates an indentation, the surface quality on the outer side of the skin is influenced, in order to avoid the interference problem between the height of the reinforcing rib and an electrode in the welding process, the size of a flange at the bottom of the reinforcing rib is required to be increased, and the weight of parts is increased; the panel penetration welding process comprises the steps of welding from the outer side of the skin, and connecting the skin with the reinforcing ribs by back penetration of the skin, wherein the skin is in an integral penetration state, welding wires are added in the welding process, the state of the pneumatic surface of the skin is damaged to a certain extent, and the quality of products is improved; the double-laser welding method adopts symmetrical laser sources to weld on two sides of the reinforcing rib on the inner side of the skin, so that the quality of the outer surface of the pneumatic skin is effectively protected, the quality of parts is kept, however, for the welding of the built-in reinforcing rib with a short connecting surface, the stress surface is also small in the use process after welding, the dynamic load impact is increased, and hidden danger is brought to the safety of subsequent use; therefore, the welding work of the titanium alloy skin reinforcing rib structure of the small connecting surface can affect the subsequent usability and safety of the part, and the technical support is provided for the improvement of the whole quality of the part based on the small connecting surface titanium alloy skin reinforcing rib welding method with good usability and high safety of the part is needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the quality of the surface of the pneumatic side of the skin is reduced and the weight of parts is increased in the connection manufacture of the skin built-in reinforcing rib structure, the laser spot welding method of the titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure is provided. The invention mainly utilizes a laser heat source with high energy density, good accessibility and high welding precision to be arranged at the tail end of a six-axis mechanical arm, and the bottom crimping of the built-in reinforcing rib and the lap joint surface of the inner skin are welded; in the welding process, a special auxiliary welding position changing tool is in an inclined welding mode, so that dust and splashes generated in the welding process are reduced to fly into a laser welding gun along a coaxial gas protection cover, the light emitting quality of laser is influenced, meanwhile, the thickness of photoinduced plasmas needing to pass through on a laser transmission line can be avoided to the greatest extent, the absorption of the photoinduced plasmas to laser energy is prevented from being reduced, and the welding quality is influenced; the method of conveying the protection argon coaxial with the connecting laser beam is adopted, so that the degree of freedom of a welding path is improved, the size of a protection air supply device is controlled, and the protection effect of the argon on a molten pool is improved; the running path, speed and laser light-emitting waveform of the heat source are controlled through the running of the six-axis mechanical arm to control effective welding, edge-drawing welding and finishing welding, the heat distribution and acting time of the surface of a molten pool are optimized, the required size of a nugget at a spot welding position is ensured, the penetration state of the molten pool is controlled, and the damage to the surface quality of the pneumatic skin at the outer side of the joint is avoided.
The technology of the invention is put into the following steps:
the laser spot welding method of the titanium alloy thin wall built-in reinforcing rib structure comprises the following steps:
the first step: the method comprises the steps of installing a part to be welded on a special welding tool, integrally inclining a tool platform and the part to be welded at a certain angle, installing a laser welding gun head at the tail end of a manipulator wall, adjusting required laser spot welding parameters, effective welding paths, edge-drawing welding paths, modification welding paths and light-emitting waveform control parameters of the laser spot welding parameters, opening a gas protection system, and starting welding equipment to finish part welding.
And a second step of: the light-emitting end of the laser welding gun head is provided with a cylindrical copper gas protection cover coaxial with the light-emitting path of the laser, the protection cover is of a split ladder structure and is divided into a fixed end and an air supply pipe, the fixed end and the air supply pipe are connected through threads, the whole length of the protection cover can be continuously adjustable, and the diameter of the inner wall of the air-emitting end of the air supply pipe is larger than the diameter of a molten pool, preferably phi 8-phi 15mm;
the special auxiliary welding tool comprises a tool platform, a rotating shaft, a tool support and a rotating shaft locking mechanism; the tooling platform consists of a platform surface and two symmetrical pedestals, wherein the platform surface is provided with through holes which are arranged in a rectangular array and used for reducing the weight of the platform and fixing the tooling, the pedestals are designed into V-shaped blocks, the top of each V-shaped block is connected with the bottom of the platform, and the side wall of each V-shaped block is provided with a through hole with a key slot and used for being connected with a rotating shaft through a key;
the crank with the S-shaped rotating shaft is divided into a working section and a holding section, a rotating shaft key slot is formed in the matching part of the working section of the rotating shaft and the pedestal and is used for being connected with the pedestal in a key way, an angle adjusting pointer is arranged on the side of the rotating shaft working section near the holding section, the pointer is clamped and fixed with the working section of the rotating shaft through a tail end clamp, and the position on the working section of the rotating shaft is adjustable;
the tool support is of a circular wall structure, round holes are formed in the symmetrical side walls and used for fixing and supporting the rotating shaft, and annular array angle measurement scales taking the axis of the holes as a reference shaft are formed around the round holes of one side wall;
the rotating shaft locking mechanism is an annular cylinder, the diameter of the central round hole is identical to the diameter of the working section of the rotating shaft, the central round hole is matched with the tail end of the working section of the rotating shaft, a plurality of annular array through holes taking the axis of the cylinder as a reference shaft are formed in the direction parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and 1 threaded hole is formed in the thickness direction of the cylinder at the symmetrical side of any through hole and used for installing a locking bolt.
And a third step of: assembling an auxiliary welding tool:
3.1, fixing the tool support;
3.2, fixing the angle adjusting pointer to a working section of the side of the rotating shaft near the hand holding section by using a clamp;
3.3, connecting the circular hole on the side wall of the tool support with the circular hole of the V-shaped block of the tool platform through a working section of a rotating shaft;
3.4, installing a rotating shaft locking mechanism on the outer side of the rotating shaft away from the tooling support corresponding to the side of the holding section;
3.5, the welding operation process is divided into a pre-welding preparation stage and a welding stage, wherein the pre-welding preparation stage is required to calculate and determine the rotation angle of a workbench, adjust the angle of a welding gun, adjust the laser power and the welding speed and arc-collecting waveform, determine the walking path of a heat source, teach the path, return the space position of the heat source to zero, and the welding stage comprises effective welding and edge drawing modification welding;
the working platform of the special welding tool is adjusted to be horizontal before welding, after the part to be welded is installed on the working platform of the special welding tool, the working platform surface is rotated by a certain angle theta with the axis of the rotating shaft of the special tool as a reference, the calculation formula is shown as the specification, the minimum value is taken,
wherein: d is the diameter of the incident beam, f is the focal length, and lambda is the laser wavelength;
before welding, adjusting the spatial position of a laser welding gun head to enable the incident light of laser to be vertical to the surface of a part to be welded, wherein the angle deviation is +/-1 degrees, the defocusing amount of laser welding is-1 mm, and simultaneously adjusting the length of a protective cover to enable the distance between an air outlet end and the surface of the part to be welded to be 10-30 mm, so that the stability of inert gas protective atmosphere above a welding molten pool is ensured, the welding laser power is set to be 1400-1700W, and the welding speed is 0.06-0.1 m/min;
the welding path comprises an effective welding path, a tracing welding path and a finishing welding process, wherein the welding path is formed by planning a spiral welding path according to the welding spot diameter phi 1 required by a part to be welded, the path consists of a plurality of concentric circles, a final welding spot and a starting welding spot between every two adjacent circles are connected through an arc with the curvature radius of 2mm, the diameter of the central circle is determined to be 1mm, the diameter of the largest circle is sequentially increased by 1mm and is (phi 1)/2, the tracing path is the repetition of the outermost ring welding path in the effective welding stage, the finishing welding path is the finishing period of the tracing path, the welding gun integrally translates upwards, the laser defocusing amount is increased, the welding depth is controlled to be not more than 1/3 of the upper layer plate thickness, and meanwhile, the end point of the tracing path is used as a starting point, and the effective welding path is welded from outside to inside according to the reverse direction of the effective welding path;
the arc-collecting waveform is a laser light-emitting waveform in an effective welding finishing period, an energy linear slow-down waveform control step is set, the slow-down time of the waveform is regulated, so that when laser energy enters into the edge-tracing modification welding, the waveform starts a falling mode, and when the edge-tracing modification welding is finished, the laser energy is reduced to 0, so that the effective connection of welding spots formed by high-energy density small-hole welding in the effective welding stage is converted into low-energy-density thermal conduction welding of the edge-tracing modification welding in the welding mode;
the laser energy adopted by the decoration welding is the laser energy of the original effective welding period, and the laser energy advances according to the finished selected decoration welding path until the welding is finished;
fourth step: opening the gas protection system, controlling the gas outlet amount of the gas outlet end of the protective cover to be 25-50L/min, and starting the welding equipment to finish part welding.
Preferably, the laser device selects a continuous laser device with a red light correction function, laser light generated by the laser device is transmitted through an optical fiber with good flexibility, so that the walking degree of freedom of a welding heat source is improved, the focal length of a focusing lens of the laser device is 300mm, the phenomenon that the energy density of the heat source is too sensitive to the change of the focal length in the welding process caused by too short focal length is avoided, the risk that the quality of a light beam on a laser propagation path is interfered by the outside is increased, the output power range of the laser device is 1000W-2500W, and a laser welding gun head is arranged at the tail end of a six-axis mechanical arm.
Preferably, the diameter of the inner wall of the air outlet end of the air supply pipe is larger than the diameter of the molten pool, and phi 8-phi 15mm is adopted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The coaxial laser welding protection device is adopted for laser spot welding, so that the structure of a laser welding gun head can be simplified while the protection state of a welding pool is protected, and the degree of freedom of laser scanning path control of laser welding is greatly improved;
(2) By adopting inclined state welding, the smoke dust and the splash generated by welding move upwards along the direction vertical to the horizontal plane, so that the smoke dust and the splash generated in the welding process are prevented from flying into the laser welding gun along the coaxial gas protection cover, the light emitting quality of laser is influenced, the thickness of the photoinduced plasma required to pass through on the laser transmission route can be avoided to the greatest extent, the absorption of the photoinduced plasma to laser energy is prevented from being reduced, and the welding quality is prevented from being influenced
(3) When the heat source moves circularly, the metal at the welding spot is melted intermittently, so that the size of the molten pool and the heat at the welding spot can be controlled to be transferred uniformly in all directions, and the bonding quality of the welding spot is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a welding-specific tooling;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tooling support;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tooling platform;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a spindle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a locking mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a gas protection mechanism;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a welding path.
In the figure: 1 is a tool support; 2 is a tooling platform; 3 is a rotating shaft; 4 is a rotating shaft locking mechanism; 5 is a part to be welded; 6 is a tool support round hole; 7 is an angle measurement scale; 8 is a threaded hole; 9 is a table top; 10 is a pedestal; 11 is a tooling platform through hole; 12 is a pedestal key slot; 13 is a pedestal through hole; 14 is a working section; 15 is a hand holding section; 16 is a rotating shaft key groove; 17 is a pointer; 18 is a locking mechanism center hole; 19 is a locking mechanism through hole; 20 is a locking mechanism threaded hole; 21 is a laser welding gun head; 22 is a copper gas shield; 23 is a fixed end of the protective cover; 24 is a protective cover air supply pipe; 25 are concentric circles; 26 is the welding starting and final welding point; 27 is a transition path between two circles; 28 final welds.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
Example 1:
the special welding tool consists of four parts, namely a tool support 1, a tool platform 2, a rotating shaft 3 and a rotating shaft locking mechanism 4; the tool support 1 is of a square wall structure, circular holes 6 with the diameter of 80mm are formed in symmetrical side walls and are used for fixing and supporting rotating shafts, annular array angle measurement scales 7 taking hole axes as reference shafts are formed around the circular holes on one side of the side walls, the scale interval is 5 degrees, 7 annular array M10 threaded holes 8 taking the hole axes as reference shafts are formed around the circular holes on the other side, and the array angle of the threaded holes 8 is 45 degrees;
the tooling platform 2 consists of a platform surface 9 and two symmetrical pedestals 10, wherein the platform surface 9 is provided with tooling platform through holes 11 with phi 20mm and arranged in a rectangular array for platform weight reduction and tooling fixation, the pedestals 10 are designed into V-shaped blocks with the thickness of 100mm, the tops of the V-shaped blocks are connected with the bottoms of the platforms, and the side walls of the V-shaped blocks are provided with pedestal through holes 13 with phi 40mm and with pedestal key grooves 12 for being connected with a rotating shaft through keys;
the crank with the S-shaped rotating shaft 3 is divided into a working section 14 and a holding section 15, the diameter of the working section 14 of the rotating shaft is a circular shaft with phi 40mm, the length of the working section is larger than the distance between the tool support 1 and a tool support round hole 6, a rotating shaft key slot 16 is formed at the matching part of the rotating shaft 3 and the pedestal 10 and is used for being connected with the pedestal 10 in a key way, the holding section 15 is S-shaped and has the diameter of 15mm, an angle adjusting pointer 17 is arranged on the rotating shaft working section 14 at the side of the holding section 15, the rotating shaft working section 14 is clamped and fixed with the rotating shaft working section 14 through a tail end clamp, the position of the pointer 17 is adjustable on the rotating shaft working section 14, and after the assembly is completed, the position of the pointer 17 is positioned outside an angle measuring scale 7 on the circular wall of the tool support 1;
the rotating shaft locking mechanism 4 is an annular cylinder, the diameter size of a central hole 18 of the locking mechanism is consistent with the diameter of a working section 14 of the rotating shaft, the central hole is matched with the tail end of the working section 14 of the rotating shaft when matched, 7 locking mechanism through holes 19 with an annular array phi 10.5 taking the axis of the cylinder as a reference axis are formed in the direction parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and 1M 10 locking mechanism threaded hole 20 is formed in the thickness direction of the cylinder on the symmetrical side of the 5 th hole in the array through holes and used for installing a locking bolt;
coaxial gas protection cover
A cylindrical copper gas protection cover 22 coaxial with the laser light-emitting path is arranged at the light-emitting end of the laser welding gun head 21, the protection cover structure is of a split ladder structure and is divided into a protection cover fixed end 23 and a protection cover air supply pipe 24, the protection cover fixed end and the protection cover air supply pipe are connected through threads, the whole length of the protection cover can be continuously adjustable, and the diameter of the inner wall of the air outlet end of the air supply pipe is phi 8-phi 15mm;
laser performance index and mounting
The laser selects a continuous laser with red light correction function, laser generated by the laser is transmitted through an optical fiber, the focal length of a focusing lens of the laser is 300mm, the output power range of the laser is 1000W-2500W, and a laser welding gun head 21 with a coaxial gas protection cover is arranged at the tail end of a six-axis mechanical arm;
welding preparation
Firstly adjusting the working platform 2 of the special welding tool to be horizontal, mounting the part 5 to be welded on the working platform of the special welding tool, and calculating by using a formula 1 to obtain that the working table 9 rotates by 60 degrees by taking the axis of the rotating shaft 3 of the special tool as a reference;
the spatial position of the laser welding gun head 21 is adjusted so that the incident light of laser is vertical to the surface of the part 5 to be welded, the angle deviation is +/-1 DEG, the defocusing amount of laser welding is-1 mm, the length of the protective cover is adjusted so that the distance between the air outlet end and the surface of the part 5 to be welded is 20mm, the welding laser power is set to 1600W, and the welding speed is 0.08 m/min;
according to the welding spot diameter phi 1 required by the part 5 to be welded, a spiral welding path is planned, the path consists of a plurality of concentric circles 25, the diameter of a center circle is determined to be 1mm, 2mm is sequentially increased, the diameter of an outer largest circle is 0.75 times of phi 1, the starting welding spot and the final welding spot of each circle path are overlapped 26, the final welding spot and the starting welding spot between every two adjacent circles are connected through an arc 27 with the same curvature radius as that of a circle with larger radius between the two circles, the welding path starts from the inner side, the welding is carried out from the circle to the outer side one by one, the edge-tracing welding path is the outermost circle, the finishing welding path takes the end point of the effective welding path as a starting point, the whole welding gun is lifted upwards by 20mm, and the point is taken as the starting welding spot to travel along the reverse path of the planned welding path;
welding
Opening the gas protection system, controlling the gas outlet amount of the gas outlet end of the protective cover to be 40L/min, and starting the welding equipment to finish part welding.
Claims (8)
1. The laser spot welding method for the titanium alloy thin wall built-in reinforcing rib structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step: mounting a part to be welded (5) on a special welding tool, integrally tilting a tool platform (2) and the part to be welded (5) by a certain angle, enabling a laser welding gun head (21) mounted at the tail end of a manipulator wall to be perpendicular to the surface of the part to be welded (5) in the incidence direction of a laser beam, adjusting required laser spot welding parameters, effective welding paths, edge-drawing welding paths, modified welding paths and light-emitting waveform control parameters thereof, opening a gas protection system, and starting welding equipment to finish part welding;
and a second step of: a cylindrical copper gas protection cover (22) coaxial with the laser light-emitting path is arranged at the light-emitting end of the laser welding gun head (21), the protection cover structure is of a split ladder structure and is divided into a fixed end and an air supply pipe, the fixed end and the air supply pipe are connected through threads, the whole length of the protection cover can be continuously adjustable, and the diameter of the inner wall of the air-emitting end of the air supply pipe is larger than the diameter of a molten pool;
the special auxiliary welding tool comprises a tool platform (2), a rotating shaft (3), a tool support (1) and a rotating shaft locking mechanism (4); the tooling platform (2) consists of a table top (9) and two symmetrical pedestals (10), wherein the table top (9) is provided with through holes which are arranged in a rectangular array and are used for platform weight reduction and tooling fixation, the pedestals (10) are designed into V-shaped blocks, the top parts of the V-shaped blocks are connected with the bottom parts of the platforms, and the side walls of the V-shaped blocks are provided with through holes with key grooves and are used for being connected with a rotating shaft through keys;
the rotating shaft (3) is an S-shaped crank and is divided into a working section (14) and a holding section (15), a rotating shaft key groove (16) is formed in the matching position of the rotating shaft working section (14) and the pedestal (10) and is used for being connected with the pedestal (10) in a key way, an angle adjusting pointer (17) is arranged on the rotating shaft working section (14) near the holding section side, the pointer (17) is clamped and fixed with the rotating shaft working section (14) through a tail end clamp, and the position on the rotating shaft working section (14) is adjustable;
the rotating shaft locking mechanism (4) is an annular cylinder, the diameter of the central round hole is consistent with the diameter of the rotating shaft working section (14), the central round hole is matched with the tail end of the rotating shaft working section (14), a plurality of annular array through holes taking the cylinder axis as a reference shaft are formed in the direction parallel to the cylinder axis, and 1 threaded hole (8) is formed in the thickness direction of the cylinder at the symmetrical side of any through hole and used for installing a locking bolt;
and a third step of: assembling an auxiliary welding tool:
3.1, fixing the tool support (1);
3.2, fixing an angle adjusting pointer (17) to a working section of the rotating shaft on the side of the hand holding section by using a clamp;
3.3, connecting the circular hole on the side wall of the tool support (1) with the circular hole of the V-shaped block of the tool platform (2) through a rotating shaft working section (14);
3.4, installing a rotating shaft locking mechanism (4) at the outer side of the rotating shaft away from the tooling support (1) corresponding to the side of the holding section;
3.5, the welding operation process is divided into a pre-welding preparation stage and a welding stage, wherein the pre-welding preparation stage is required to calculate and determine the rotation angle of a workbench, adjust the angle of a welding gun, adjust the laser power and the welding speed and arc-collecting waveform, determine the walking path of a heat source, teach the path, return the space position of the heat source to zero, and the welding stage comprises effective welding and edge drawing modification welding;
the working platform of the special welding tool is regulated to be horizontal before welding, after the part to be welded (5) is installed on the working platform of the special welding tool, the working platform (9) is rotated by a certain angle theta with the axis of the rotating shaft of the special tool as a reference, the calculation formula is shown in the formula (1) and takes the minimum value,
wherein: d is the diameter of the incident beam, f is the focal length, and lambda is the laser wavelength;
before welding, adjusting the spatial position of a laser welding gun head (21) to enable incident light of laser to be vertical to the surface of a part (5) to be welded, wherein the angle deviation is +/-1 DEG, the defocusing amount of laser welding is-1 mm, and simultaneously adjusting the length of a protective cover to enable the distance between an air outlet end and the surface of the part (5) to be welded to be 10-30 mm, so that the stability of inert gas protective atmosphere above a welding pool is ensured, the welding laser power is set to be 1400-1700W, and the welding speed is 0.06-0.1 m/min;
the arc-collecting waveform is a laser light-emitting waveform in an effective welding finishing period, an energy linear slow-down waveform control step is set, the slow-down time of the waveform is regulated, so that when laser energy enters into the edge-tracing modification welding, the waveform starts a falling mode, and when the edge-tracing modification welding is finished, the laser energy is reduced to 0, so that the effective connection of welding spots formed by high-energy density small-hole welding in the effective welding stage is converted into low-energy-density thermal conduction welding of the edge-tracing modification welding in the welding mode;
the laser energy adopted by the decoration welding is the laser energy of the original effective welding period, and the laser energy advances according to the finished selected decoration welding path until the welding is finished;
fourth step: opening the gas protection system, controlling the gas outlet amount of the gas outlet end of the protective cover to be 25-50L/min, and starting the welding equipment to finish part welding.
2. The laser spot welding method of the titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure according to claim 1, wherein the laser is a continuous laser with a red light correction function, laser generated by the laser is transmitted through an optical fiber with good flexibility, the walking freedom degree of a welding heat source is improved, the focal length of a focusing lens of the laser is 300mm, the phenomenon that the energy density of the heat source is too sensitive to the change of the focal length in the welding process due to too short focal length is avoided, the risk that the quality of a light beam is interfered by the outside on a laser propagation path due to too long focal length is increased, the output power range of the laser is 1000W-2500W, and a laser welding gun head (21) is arranged at the tail end of a six-axis mechanical arm.
3. The laser spot welding method of the titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the inner wall of the air outlet end of the air supply pipe is larger than the diameter of a molten pool, and phi 8-phi 15mm is adopted.
4. The laser spot welding method of the titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tool support (1) is of a circular wall structure, circular holes are formed in symmetrical side walls respectively and used for fixing and supporting a rotating shaft, and annular array angle measuring scales (7) taking the axis of the holes as a reference shaft are formed around the circular holes in one side wall.
5. A method for laser spot welding of a titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the tool support (1) is of a circular wall structure, each of symmetrical side walls is provided with a round hole for fixing and supporting a rotating shaft, and annular array angle measuring scales (7) taking the axis of the hole as a reference axis are formed around the round hole of one side wall.
6. The laser spot welding method of the titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the welding path comprises an effective welding path, a edging welding path and a finishing welding process, the welding path is used for planning a spiral welding path according to the welding spot diameter phi 1 required by a part to be welded (5), the path is composed of a plurality of concentric circles, a final welding spot and a starting welding spot between every two adjacent circles are connected through an arc with the radius of curvature of 2mm, the diameter of the central circle is determined to be 1mm, the subsequent increase is sequentially carried out by 1mm, the diameter of the largest circle is (phi 1)/2, the edging path is the repetition of the outermost welding path in the effective welding stage, the finishing welding path is the finishing welding path, the welding gun is integrally shifted upwards, the laser defocusing amount is increased, the welding depth is controlled to be not more than 1/3 of the upper plate thickness, and simultaneously, the end point of the edging path is used as a starting point, and the effective welding path is welded from outside to inside in the reverse direction.
7. The laser spot welding method of the titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure according to claim 3, wherein the welding path comprises an effective welding path, a edging welding path and a finishing welding process, the welding path is formed by planning a spiral welding path according to the welding spot diameter phi 1 required by a part to be welded (5), the path is composed of a plurality of concentric circles, a final welding spot and a starting welding spot between every two adjacent circles are connected through an arc with the radius of curvature of 2mm, the diameter of the central circle is determined to be 1mm, the subsequent sequential increase is 1mm, the diameter of the largest circle is (phi 1)/2, the edging path is the repetition of the outermost welding path in the effective welding stage, the finishing welding path is the finishing period of the edging path, the welding gun is integrally shifted upwards, the laser defocusing amount is increased, the welding depth is controlled to be not more than 1/3 of the upper plate thickness, and simultaneously the end point of the edging path is used as a starting point, and the welding is performed from outside to inside according to the reverse direction of the effective welding path.
8. The laser spot welding method of the titanium alloy thin-wall built-in reinforcing rib structure according to claim 4, wherein the welding path comprises an effective welding path, a edging welding path and a finishing welding process, the welding path is formed by planning a spiral welding path according to the welding spot diameter phi 1 required by a part to be welded (5), the path is composed of a plurality of concentric circles, a final welding spot and a starting welding spot between every two adjacent circles are connected through an arc with the radius of curvature of 2mm, the diameter of the central circle is determined to be 1mm, the subsequent sequential increase is 1mm, the diameter of the largest circle is (phi 1)/2, the edging path is the repetition of the outermost welding path in the effective welding stage, the finishing welding path is the finishing period of the edging path, the welding gun is integrally shifted upwards, the laser defocusing amount is increased, the welding depth is controlled to be not more than 1/3 of the upper plate thickness, and simultaneously the end point of the edging path is used as a starting point, and the welding is performed from outside to inside according to the reverse direction of the effective welding path.
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