CN116868957A - Feeding method for improving protein intake of rana nigromaculata feed - Google Patents
Feeding method for improving protein intake of rana nigromaculata feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN116868957A CN116868957A CN202311107685.5A CN202311107685A CN116868957A CN 116868957 A CN116868957 A CN 116868957A CN 202311107685 A CN202311107685 A CN 202311107685A CN 116868957 A CN116868957 A CN 116868957A
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- feed
- parts
- frog
- feeding
- rana nigromaculata
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a feeding method for improving the protein intake of a rana nigromaculata feed, which comprises the steps of 1, building a feeding pool; 2. feeding with young frog fodder comprising fermented tapioca powder, rice bran, soybean powder, blood powder, hermetia illucens powder, blue algae, vitamin additive, animal viscera and trapped insects; 3. feeding the adult frog with an adult frog feed, wherein the adult frog feed comprises: fermented tapioca flour, soybean meal, blood meal, fish meal, bone glue, rapeseed cake, vitamin additive, and also comprises earthworm, red worm and trapped insects. The high-protein brown spot frog feed provided by the formula can effectively improve the yield and protein content of brown spot frog from multiple aspects, and the frog body is easier to digest and absorb protein, more robust in growth and more compact in meat quality by matching with the feeding method of the invention, and the utilization rate of feed protein is improved, so that the purposes of increasing yield and efficiency are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feeding method, in particular to a feeding method for improving the protein intake of a rana nigromaculata feed.
Background
The rana nigromaculata is commonly called as a natural enemy of pests and a crop guard, and can catch more than 30 harmful insects such as moths in crops. The agricultural crop is large in agricultural country, and has a large variety of crops and large area, so that agricultural products are increased in yield, and pesticides and chemical fertilizers are used conventionally. Meanwhile, the rana nigromaculata is also a high-protein, low-fat, extremely low-cholesterol and delicious-tasting food which is deeply favored by people.
And the wild frog is hatched by a scientific method, a strategy of large-scale popularization and small-area cultivation is implemented, and the harm of pesticide and chemical fertilizer application to agricultural products is reduced or eliminated. The small pool intensive culture mode is ecological, and the frog is artificially cultured, so that the requirements of the market on the frog are met, and the life of people is improved; but also can increase natural resources and promote ecological balance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a feeding method for improving the protein intake of the feed of the rana nigromaculata, which improves the protein content of the feed of the rana nigromaculata, improves the yield and the protein content of the rana nigromaculata, and ensures that the rana nigromaculata is more easily digested and absorbed with the feeding method of the invention, so that the rana nigromaculata grows more robust and the meat quality is more compact.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a feeding method for improving the protein intake of a rana nigromaculata feed comprises the following steps:
s1, intensively and intensively rearing the young frogs which are raised by a conventional method and are separated from the tadpole period, wherein the inside wall of the rearing is smooth, the depth is 1-1.5 meters, and the area is 120-180 m 2 In the cement pond, the water depth of the pond is 20-30 cm, 30-40% of land is arranged in the pond, and the containment density is 60-100/m 2 Placing a bait table on the water surface, and covering a sunshade net with the area of the pool being 30-40% above the pool;
s2, after the tail of the young frog is absorbed, starting to feed the young frog feed once a day, feeding in summer at 8:00-9:00 in the morning or 17:00-18:00 in the evening, and feeding in spring and autumn at 12:00-13:00 in the noon for 10-15 days;
s3, after 10-15 days, mixing fresh animal viscera into the young frog feed for feeding, and using a black light lamp to lure insects as auxiliary baits to lure the black spot frog to predate by self;
s4, after young frog feed is fed for 2-3 months, the rearing density is adjusted to 40-70/m 2 Feeding the mixed adult frog feed with 20%, wherein the amount of the mixed adult frog feed is increased by 20% every week until the mixed adult frog feed is completely replaced by the mixed adult frog feed, feeding twice every day at the time of 12:00-13:00 and 17:00-18:00, and using a black light lamp to attract insects as auxiliary baits, so as to feed the adult frog feed to a production state.
Preferably, the feeding amount of the young frog feed is 4-7% of the total weight of the young frog, and the feeding amount of the adult frog feed is 7-10% of the total weight of the adult frog.
Preferably, the grain size of the young frog feed is 3-4 mm, and the grain size of the adult frog feed is 4-5.5 mm.
Preferably, the fresh viscera mixed with the young frog feed is crushed by chicken or duck viscera, and the addition amount is 5-8% of the mass of the young frog feed.
The invention also provides a formula of the young frog feed, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of fermented tapioca flour, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 6-11 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of blood meal, 4-9 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 2-6 parts of blue algae and 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin additive.
Preferably, the young frog feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of fermented tapioca powder, 12 parts of rice bran, 9 parts of soybean powder, 8 parts of blood powder, 7 parts of black soldier fly powder, 4 parts of blue algae and 0.3 part of vitamin additive.
The invention also provides a formula of the adult frog feed, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-26 parts of fermented tapioca flour, 6-11 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of blood meal, 3-6 parts of fish meal, 2-5 parts of bone glue, 5-10 parts of rapeseed cake and 0.3-0.7 part of vitamin additive.
Preferably, the frog-forming feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of fermented tapioca flour, 9 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of blood meal, 4 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of bone glue, 8 parts of rapeseed cake and 0.5 part of vitamin additive.
Preferably, the adult frog feed also comprises earthworms and red worms, the mass ratio of the earthworms to the red worms is 2:1, and the feeding amount is 10% of the weight of the adult frog feed.
Preferably, the vitamin additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of vitamin A, 7% of vitamin B1, 18% of vitamin E, 7%D-calcium pantothenate, 13% of nicotinic acid and 5% of folic acid.
The vitamin additive can prevent various diseases of frog, enhance the antiviral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic ability of organism, protect liver and gallbladder, improve the anti-stress ability of aquatic animal, promote the transformation of nutrition and the absorption of protein, and make the growth of Rana nigromaculata more robust. After the addition, the survival rate and the fertility rate can be improved, the feed conversion rate can be improved, and the growth and development can be promoted.
Nicotinic acid can be converted into nicotinamide, which is one of the important components of the coenzyme, and is involved in the metabolism of lipids in the organism; calcium D-pantothenate is also involved in regulating the metabolism of proteins, sugars and fats as a constituent of coenzyme A.
The preparation method of the fermented tapioca flour comprises the following steps:
s11, inoculating yeast into a malt slant culture medium, culturing for 36-48 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, transferring the yeast into a wort culture medium, and culturing for 36-48 hours at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain fermentation seeds;
s12, adding the cassava powder into a solid culture medium, adding yeast seeds accounting for 2-5% of the weight of the cassava powder and water accounting for 1-1.5 times of the weight of the cassava powder, fully mixing, adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH to 4-5, placing the mixture into a fermentation tank, fermenting for 2-3 d at 30-35 ℃, adding an ammonium mixed solution of urea and sulfuric acid every 8-12 h to increase a nitrogen source, and stirring for 1-2 times a day to obtain the fermented cassava powder.
Preferably, the addition amount of the mixed solution of urea and ammonium sulfate is 1.5-2.5% of the mass of the tapioca flour, and the mass ratio of urea to ammonium sulfate is 2:1.
preferably, the solid medium comprises, in weight percent: 1.5-2% of urea, 0.8-1.5% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5-1.2% of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of purified water.
The protein content of the cassava powder after fermentation can be improved to about 2.1-2.6%, and the protein content of the cassava powder after fermentation by the method is improved to 16.8-21.3%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata, which also comprises the formulas of the feed of the rana nigromaculata and the feed of the adult rana nigromaculata, and the protein content of the feed is improved by the synergistic effect of the cassava powder, the vitamin additive and the animal protein after fermentation treatment.
The vegetable protein provided by the fermented cassava powder and the soybean powder can obviously improve the protein content of the rana nigromaculata and improve the survival ability of the rana nigromaculata; the adult frog feed is matched with earthworm, red worm and young frog feed to be mixed into animal viscera, so that the amount of animal protein taken by the black frog is increased, and the feed is balanced in nutrition; the feed for the young frogs is gradually replaced by the feed for the adult frogs, so that the black frogs can be better adapted to the replacement of the feed, the phenomenon of no feeding or reduced long-term feeding is avoided, the stable growth of protein intake is facilitated, and the growth and development of the frogs are promoted.
The vitamin additive can prevent various diseases of frogs, enhance the capability of resisting viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites of organisms, protect liver and gallbladder, improve the anti-stress capability of aquatic animals, promote the transformation of nutrition and the absorption of protein, enable the growth of the black frogs to be more robust, and improve the survival rate and the fertility rate; vitamin A, E, B and folic acid can cooperate with nicotinic acid and D-calcium pantothenate to participate in regulating metabolism of protein and glycolipid in the body of the rana nigromaculata, so that the feed conversion rate is improved, the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata is improved, and the growth and development are promoted.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1.
The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, intensively rearing the young frogs which are raised by a conventional method and are separated from the tadpole period, wherein the frogs are reared in a circle with smooth inner wall, the depth is 1 meter and the area is 120m 2 In the cement pond, the water depth of the pond is 20cm, 30 percent of land is arranged in the pond, and the containment density is 60 per m 2 Placing a bait table on the water surface, and covering a sunshade net with the area of the pool being 30% above the pool;
s2, after the tail of the young frog is absorbed, starting to feed the young frog feed, wherein the feeding time is 12:00 a day, and feeding is carried out for 10 days;
s3, after 10 days, mixing fresh animal viscera into the young frog feed for feeding, and using a black light lamp to lure insects as auxiliary baits to lure the black spot frog to predate by self;
s4, after feeding the young frog feed for 2 months, adjusting the rearing density to 40/m 2 Feeding with 20% of adult frog feed, increasing the mixed adult frog feed by 20% every week until the adult frog feed is replaced by the adult frog feed, feeding twice daily for 12:00 and 17:00, and using black light lamp to attract insects as auxiliary feed, and feeding to obtain the final product.
The feeding amount of the young frog feed in this example was 4% of the total weight of the young frog, and the feeding amount of the adult frog feed was 7% of the total weight of the adult frog.
The particle size of the young frog feed of the embodiment is 3mm, and the particle size of the adult frog feed is 4mm.
The fresh viscera of the young frog feed in the embodiment are crushed by chicken viscera, and the addition amount of the fresh viscera is 5% of the mass of the young frog feed.
The formula of the young frog feed in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of fermented tapioca powder, 10 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of blood meal, 4 parts of black soldier fly meal, 2 parts of blue algae and 0.1 part of vitamin additive.
The formula of the frog-forming feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of fermented tapioca flour, 6 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of blood meal, 3 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of bone glue, 5 parts of rapeseed cake and 0.3 part of vitamin additive.
The adult frog feed also comprises earthworms and red worms, the mass ratio of the earthworms to the red worms is 2:1, and the feeding amount is 10% of the weight of the adult frog feed.
The vitamin additive of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of vitamin A, 7% of vitamin B1, 18% of vitamin E, 7%D-calcium pantothenate, 13% of nicotinic acid and 5% of folic acid.
The preparation method of the fermented tapioca flour comprises the following steps:
s11, inoculating yeast into a malt slant culture medium, culturing for 36 hours at a temperature of 30 ℃, transferring the yeast into a wort culture medium, and culturing for 36 hours at a temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain fermentation seeds;
s12, adding the cassava powder into a solid culture medium, adding yeast seeds accounting for the mass percent of the cassava powder and water accounting for 1 time of the mass of the cassava powder, fully mixing, adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 4, placing the mixture into a fermentation tank, fermenting for 2d at 30 ℃, adding an ammonium mixed solution of urea and sulfuric acid every 8h to increase a nitrogen source, and stirring for 1 time every day to obtain the fermented cassava powder.
The addition amount of the mixed solution of urea and ammonium sulfate in the embodiment is 1.5% of the mass of the tapioca flour, and the mass ratio of the urea to the ammonium sulfate is 2:1.
the solid medium of this example comprises by weight: urea 1.5%, ammonium sulfate 0.8%, monopotassium phosphate 0.5% and purified water in balance.
Example 2.
The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, intensively rearing the young frogs which are raised by a conventional method and are separated from the tadpole period, wherein the frogs are reared in a centralized manner, the inner wall of the frogs is smooth, the depth is 1.5 m, and the area is 180m 2 In the cement pond, the water depth of the pond is 30cm, 40 percent of land is arranged in the pond, and the containment density is 100/m 2 Placing a bait table on the water surface, and covering a sunshade net with the area of 40% of the pool above the pool;
s2, after the tail of the young frog is absorbed, starting to feed the young frog feed, wherein the feeding time is 8:00 a.m., and feeding is carried out once a day for 15 days;
s3, after 15 days, mixing fresh animal viscera into the young frog feed for feeding, and using a black light lamp to lure insects as auxiliary baits to lure the black spot frog to predate by self;
s4, after feeding the young frog feed for 3 months, adjusting the rearing density to be 70/m 2 Feeding with 20% of adult frog feed, increasing the mixed adult frog feed by 20% every week until the adult frog feed is replaced by the adult frog feed, feeding twice daily for 13:00 and 18:00, and using black light lamp to attract insects as auxiliary feed, and feeding to obtain the final product.
The feeding amount of the young frog feed in this example was 7% of the total weight of the young frog, and the feeding amount of the adult frog feed was 10% of the total weight of the adult frog.
The particle size of the young frog feed of the embodiment is 4mm, and the particle size of the adult frog feed is 5.5mm.
The fresh viscera of the young frog feed in the embodiment are crushed by chicken viscera, and the addition amount of the fresh viscera is 5% of the mass of the young frog feed.
The formula of the young frog feed in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fermented tapioca powder, 15 parts of rice bran, 11 parts of soybean powder, 10 parts of blood powder, 9 parts of black soldier fly powder, 6 parts of blue algae and 0.5 part of vitamin additive.
The formula of the frog-forming feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26 parts of fermented tapioca flour, 11 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of blood meal, 6 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of bone glue, 10 parts of rapeseed cake and 0.7 part of vitamin additive.
The adult frog feed also comprises earthworms and red worms, the mass ratio of the earthworms to the red worms is 2:1, and the feeding amount is 10% of the weight of the adult frog feed.
The vitamin additive of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of vitamin A, 7% of vitamin B1, 18% of vitamin E, 7%D-calcium pantothenate, 13% of nicotinic acid and 5% of folic acid.
The preparation method of the fermented tapioca flour comprises the following steps:
s11, inoculating yeast into a malt slant culture medium, culturing for 48 hours at a temperature of 40 ℃, transferring the yeast into a wort culture medium, and culturing for 48 hours at a temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain fermentation seeds;
s12, adding the cassava powder into a solid culture medium, adding yeast seeds accounting for 5% of the mass of the cassava powder and water accounting for 1.5 times of the mass of the cassava powder, fully mixing, adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 5, placing the mixture into a fermentation tank, fermenting for 3d at 35 ℃, adding an ammonium mixed solution of urea and sulfuric acid every 12h to increase a nitrogen source, and stirring for 2 times a day to obtain the fermented cassava powder.
The addition amount of the mixed solution of urea and ammonium sulfate in the embodiment is 2.5% of the mass of the tapioca flour, and the mass ratio of the urea to the ammonium sulfate is 2:1.
the solid medium of this example comprises by weight: urea 2%, ammonium sulfate 1.5%, monopotassium phosphate 1.2%, and purified water in balance.
Example 3.
The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, a conventional method is adoptedThe raised young frogs separated from tadpole stage are concentrated and maintained in a colony mode, the inner wall of the colony is smooth, the depth is 1.2 m, and the area is 150m 2 In the cement pond, the water depth of the pond is 25cm, the land with the area of 35 percent is arranged in the pond, and the containment density is 80/m 2 Placing a bait table on the water surface, and covering a sunshade net with the area of the pool being 35% above the pool;
s2, after the tail of the young frog is absorbed, starting to feed the young frog feed, wherein the feeding time is 18:00 in the evening, and feeding is carried out once a day for 12 days;
s3, after 12 days, mixing fresh animal viscera into the young frog feed for feeding, and using a black light lamp to lure insects as auxiliary baits to lure the black spot frog to predate by self;
s4, after feeding the young frog feed for 2 months, adjusting the rearing density to 55/m 2 Feeding with 20% of adult frog feed, increasing the mixed adult frog feed by 20% every week until the adult frog feed is replaced by the adult frog feed, feeding twice daily for 12:00 and 17:00, and using black light lamp to attract insects as auxiliary feed, and feeding to obtain the final product.
The feeding amount of the young frog feed in the embodiment is 5% of the total weight of the young frog, and the feeding amount of the adult frog feed is 8% of the total weight of the adult frog.
The particle size of the young frog feed of the embodiment is 3.5mm, and the particle size of the adult frog feed is 4.7mm.
The fresh viscera of the young frog feed in the embodiment are crushed by chicken viscera, and the addition amount of the fresh viscera is 5% of the mass of the young frog feed.
The formula of the young frog feed in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of fermented tapioca powder, 12 parts of rice bran, 9 parts of soybean powder, 8 parts of blood powder, 7 parts of black soldier fly powder, 4 parts of blue algae and 0.3 part of vitamin additive.
The formula of the frog-forming feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of fermented tapioca flour, 9 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of blood meal, 4 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of bone glue, 8 parts of rapeseed cake and 0.5 part of vitamin additive.
The adult frog feed also comprises earthworms and red worms, the mass ratio of the earthworms to the red worms is 2:1, and the feeding amount is 10% of the weight of the adult frog feed.
The vitamin additive of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of vitamin A, 7% of vitamin B1, 18% of vitamin E, 7%D-calcium pantothenate, 13% of nicotinic acid and 5% of folic acid.
The preparation method of the fermented tapioca flour comprises the following steps:
s11, inoculating yeast into a malt slant culture medium, culturing for 42 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃, transferring the yeast into a wort culture medium, and culturing for 42 hours at the temperature of 27 ℃ to obtain fermentation seeds;
s12, adding the cassava powder into a solid culture medium, adding yeast seeds accounting for 3% of the mass of the cassava powder and water accounting for 1.2 times of the mass of the cassava powder, fully mixing, adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 4.5, placing the mixture into a fermentation tank, fermenting for 3d at 32 ℃, adding an ammonium mixed solution of urea and sulfuric acid every 10h to increase a nitrogen source, and stirring for 2 times per day to obtain the fermented cassava powder.
The addition amount of the mixed solution of urea and ammonium sulfate in the embodiment is 1.5-2.5% of the mass of the tapioca flour, and the mass ratio of the urea to the ammonium sulfate is 2:1.
the solid medium of this example comprises by weight: urea 1.8%, ammonium sulfate 1.1%, monopotassium phosphate 0.8% and purified water in balance.
Comparative example 1.
Unlike example 3, the fermented tapioca flour in the feed formulation was replaced with tapioca flour.
Comparative example 2.
Unlike example 3, the preparation method of the fermented tapioca flour was as follows:
s11, inoculating yeast into a wort culture medium, and culturing for 48 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain fermentation seeds;
s12, adding the cassava powder into a solid culture medium, adding yeast seeds accounting for 3% of the mass of the cassava powder and water accounting for 1.2 times of the mass of the cassava powder, fully mixing, placing the mixture into a fermentation tank, fermenting for 3d at the temperature of 32 ℃, and stirring for 2 times per day to obtain the fermented cassava powder.
The solid medium of this example comprises by weight: urea 1.8%, ammonium sulfate 1.1%, monopotassium phosphate 0.8% and purified water in balance.
Comparative example 3.
Unlike example 3, the preparation method of the fermented tapioca flour was as follows:
s11, inoculating Aspergillus niger into a malt slant culture medium, and culturing for 4d at a temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain fermentation seeds;
s12, adding rice bran accounting for 20% of the mass of the tapioca flour and water accounting for 1.2 times of the mass of the tapioca flour into the tapioca flour, fully mixing, sterilizing for 5 hours at normal pressure, adding fermentation seeds accounting for 3% of the mass of the tapioca flour, covering with a sterilized plastic film, and fermenting for 5 days at the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the fermented tapioca flour.
Comparative example 4.
Unlike example 3, the feeding method was as follows:
s1, intensively rearing the young frogs which are raised by a conventional method and are separated from the tadpole period, wherein the frogs are reared in a circle with smooth inner wall, the depth of 1.2 meters and the area of 150m 2 In the cement pond, the water depth of the pond is 25cm, the land with the area of 35 percent is arranged in the pond, and the containment density is 80/m 2 Placing a bait table on the water surface, and covering a sunshade net with the area of the pool being 35% above the pool;
s2, after the tail of the young frog is absorbed, starting to feed the young frog feed, wherein the feeding time is 18:00 in the evening, and feeding is carried out once a day for 2 months;
s3, after the young frog feed is fed for 2 months, replacing the young frog feed with the frog feed, feeding twice per day for 12:00 and 17:00, and using a black light lamp to attract insects as auxiliary baits, and feeding the young frog feed until the young frog feed is produced.
The feeding amount of the young frog feed in this example is 5% of the total weight of the young frog, and the feeding amount of the adult frog feed is 8% of the total weight of the adult frog.
The particle size of the young frog feed is 3.5mm, and the particle size of the adult frog feed is 4.7mm.
Comparative example 5.
Unlike example 3, no vitamin additives were added to the feed formulation.
Comparative example 6.
The composition of the vitamin additive differs from that of example 3 in that it comprises, in weight percent: 60% of vitamin A, 15% of vitamin B1, 30% of vitamin E and 5% of folic acid.
In order to prove the beneficial effects of the product of the invention, the following test method is provided:
determination of protein content in muscle:
10 black frogs are respectively bred for 5 months by the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-6, bones and heads of the black frogs are removed, frog meat is cleaned, broken walls are crushed, and the detection result is calculated by referring to Kjeldahl nitrogen method in the detection of protein in food of GB/T5009.5-2010 national food safety standards.
The average weight of the rana nigromaculata and the protein content of the rana nigromaculata of examples 1-3 and comparative example 6 are shown in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and example 3, the fermented tapioca flour is improved in protein compared with tapioca flour feed without fermentation treatment, and the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata is increased; the secondary transfer culture medium is not carried out in the yeast culture process, nitrogen sources are not added in the fermentation process, and the acid condition is not regulated, so that the incomplete fermentation of the cassava powder is caused by insufficient fermentation conditions; the fermentation of the cassava powder by adopting the aspergillus niger has better effect of improving the protein content than that of yeast.
As can be seen from comparative example 4 and example 3, the feeding of earthworms and red worms and the incorporation of animal viscera do not lead the consumption of animal proteins by the rana nigromaculata to be insufficient, and the nutrition collocation of the rana nigromaculata and the feed are unbalanced; the frog rearing density is not changed, so that the frog density in the pool is too high, the growth and development of the frog are affected, and the death amount is increased; the feed for the young frogs is gradually replaced by the feed for the adult frogs, so that the black frogs can be better adapted to the replacement of the feed, the phenomenon of no feeding or reduced long-term feeding is avoided, the stable growth of protein intake is facilitated, and the growth and development of the frogs are promoted.
As can be seen from comparative example 5, comparative example 6 and example 3, the vitamin additive of the present invention can prevent various diseases of frogs and make the growth of the black frogs more robust; vitamin A, E, B and folic acid can cooperate with nicotinic acid and D-calcium pantothenate to participate in regulating metabolism of protein and glycolipid in the body of the rana nigromaculata, so that the feed conversion rate is improved, the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata is improved, and the growth and development are promoted.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A feeding method for improving the protein intake of a rana nigromaculata feed, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, intensively and intensively rearing the young frogs which are raised by a conventional method and are separated from the tadpole period, wherein the inside wall of the rearing is smooth, the depth is 1-1.5 meters, and the area is 120-180 m 2 In the cement pond, the water depth of the pond is 20-30 cm, 30-40% of land is arranged in the pond, and the containment density is 60-100/m 2 Placing a bait table on the water surface, and covering a sunshade net with the area of the pool being 30-40% above the pool;
s2, after the tail of the young frog is absorbed, starting to feed the young frog feed once a day, feeding in summer at 8:00-9:00 in the morning or 17:00-18:00 in the evening, and feeding in spring and autumn at 12:00-13:00 in the noon for 10-15 days;
s3, after 10-15 days, mixing fresh animal viscera into the young frog feed for feeding, and using a black light lamp to lure insects as auxiliary baits to lure the black spot frog to predate by self;
s4, after young frog feed is fed for 2-3 months, the rearing density is adjusted to 40-70/m 2 Feeding the mixed adult frog feed with 20%, wherein the amount of the mixed adult frog feed is increased by 20% every week until the mixed adult frog feed is completely replaced by the mixed adult frog feed, feeding twice every day at the time of 12:00-13:00 and 17:00-18:00, and using a black light lamp to attract insects as auxiliary baits, so as to feed the adult frog feed to a production state.
2. The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed according to claim 1, wherein the rana nigromaculata feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of fermented tapioca flour, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 6-11 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of blood meal, 4-9 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 2-6 parts of blue algae and 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin additive.
3. The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed according to claim 1, wherein the rana nigromaculata feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of fermented tapioca powder, 12 parts of rice bran, 9 parts of soybean powder, 8 parts of blood powder, 7 parts of black soldier fly powder, 4 parts of blue algae and 0.3 part of vitamin additive.
4. The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed according to claim 1, wherein the rana nigromaculata feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-26 parts of fermented tapioca flour, 6-11 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of blood meal, 3-6 parts of fish meal, 2-5 parts of bone glue, 5-10 parts of rapeseed cake and 0.3-0.7 part of vitamin additive.
5. The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed according to claim 1, wherein the rana nigromaculata feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of fermented tapioca flour, 9 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of blood meal, 4 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of bone glue, 8 parts of rapeseed cake and 0.5 part of vitamin additive.
6. The feeding method for improving protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed according to claim 1, wherein the feeding amount of the rana nigromaculata feed is 4-7% of the total weight of the rana nigromaculata, and the feeding amount of the rana nigromaculata feed is 7-10% of the total weight of the rana nigromaculata.
7. The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed according to claim 1, wherein the adult rana nigromaculata feed also comprises earthworms and red worms, the mass ratio of the earthworms to the red worms is 2:1, and the input amount is 10% of the weight of the adult rana nigromaculata feed.
8. The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of vitamin A, 7% of vitamin B1, 18% of vitamin E, 7%D-calcium pantothenate, 13% of nicotinic acid and 5% of folic acid.
9. The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the fermented tapioca flour is as follows:
s11, inoculating yeast into a malt slant culture medium, culturing for 36-48 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, transferring the yeast into a wort culture medium, and culturing for 36-48 hours at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain fermentation seeds;
s12, adding the cassava powder into a solid culture medium, adding yeast seeds accounting for 2-5% of the weight of the cassava powder and water accounting for 1-1.5 times of the weight of the cassava powder, fully mixing, adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH to 4-5, placing the mixture into a fermentation tank, fermenting for 2-3 d at 30-35 ℃, adding an ammonium mixed solution of urea and sulfuric acid every 8-12 h to increase a nitrogen source, and stirring for 1-2 times a day to obtain the fermented cassava powder.
10. The feeding method for improving the protein intake of the rana nigromaculata feed according to claim 9, wherein the addition amount of the mixed solution of urea and ammonium sulfate is 1.5-2.5% of the mass of the tapioca powder, and the mass ratio of the urea to the ammonium sulfate is 2:1, a step of; the solid culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5-2% of urea, 0.8-1.5% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5-1.2% of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of purified water.
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