CN116849214B - 月桂酸在防治马铃薯病害中的应用 - Google Patents
月桂酸在防治马铃薯病害中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于作物病害防治技术领域,涉及月桂酸在防治马铃薯病害中的应用。经试验获知,月桂酸可有效抑制马铃薯致病疫霉、灰霉菌的菌丝生长,以及抑制胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种的菌体生长。叶片防效试验获知,月桂酸可有效抑制马铃薯晚疫病、灰霉病和黑胫病。本发明证明了月桂酸对马铃薯细菌真菌病害防治效果优异,拓宽了月桂酸的应用范围,为月桂酸在农业中的广泛应用奠定理论基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于作物病害防治技术领域,涉及月桂酸在防治马铃薯病害中的应用。
背景技术
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)在我国是重要的粮蔬两用作物,种植面积仅次于水稻、小麦和玉米。马铃薯生产中受到多种病原菌的危害,如致病疫霉引起的马铃薯晚疫病、灰霉菌引起的马铃薯灰霉病、胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种引起的马铃薯黑胫病等。
致病疫霉是一种寄生于茄科植物的卵菌,马铃薯受到致病疫霉的侵染后表现为茎叶和块茎上出现病斑,造成茎叶枯萎死亡和块茎腐烂,凡是种植马铃薯的地方都有发生,凡是种植马铃薯的地方都有发生,损失程度根据当地的气候条件而异。灰霉菌引起的马铃薯灰霉病,叶片发病时,叶尖或叶缘出现褐色水渍状病斑,茎秆发病后,出现条状褪绿色病斑,块茎发病后,通常收获前不十分明显,但在贮藏期时迅速蔓延扩展。胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种引起的马铃薯黑胫病,不同于烟草黑胫病,马铃薯黑胫病是一种细菌病害。症状主要表现为植株矮小,叶色褪绿黄化,节间短缩或叶片上卷,茎基以上部位组织发黑腐烂,最终萎蔫而死。
市场上防治马铃薯病害的制剂主要以化学药剂为主,但是随着化学农药的大量使用对环境造成严重污染且病原菌对药物抗性的增强,传统的药剂已不能满足安全且高效的要求。另一方面,大多数致病菌生理小种变异很快,这就需要一种高效、安全、广谱的杀菌剂,对致病菌进行有效的防治。
目前已经研发出了许多高效、低毒的农药,在农作物的重要病害上发挥了极为重要的作用,比如拟银杏类、丙烯甲酸酯类等。除此之外,脂肪酸及其衍生物也在农作物的病害展现出潜在的应用价值,公开号为CN102038668A的专利公开了月桂酸二乙醇酰胺在制备抗菌药物中的应用;公开号为CN112400878B的专利公开了月桂酸在大豆疫霉中的应用。植物源杀菌剂的安全且高效的特性,未来会在农作物的病害防治中发挥越来越重要的作用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是传统农药在马铃薯的大量使用和抗病性马铃薯种质资源的匮乏,使得马铃薯的病害防治难度较大,急需提供安全、高效、具有广谱杀菌效果的杀菌成分,用以缓解或消除马铃薯种植过程中的病害。本发明针对马铃薯植株的病害防治,提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供月桂酸在防治马铃薯病害中的应用,所述病害包括:马铃薯晚疫病、马铃薯灰霉病和马铃薯黑胫病。
进一步地,所述月桂酸对马铃薯晚疫病、灰霉病和黑胫病具有抑制作用。
进一步地,所述月桂酸抑制致病疫霉和/或灰霉菌的菌丝生长;或抑制致胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种菌体生长。
本发明还请求保护一种马铃薯病害防治菌剂,所述菌剂包含月桂酸,所述月桂酸用于抑制致病疫霉、灰霉菌和胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种中的至少一种;或用于防治马铃薯晚疫病、马铃薯灰霉病和马铃薯黑胫病中的至少一种。
本发明还请求保护月桂酸在制备马铃薯病害防治菌剂中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明“月桂酸在防治马铃薯病害中的应用”具有以下有益效果:
本发明给出了月桂酸在防治马铃薯致病疫霉引起的马铃薯晚疫病、灰霉菌引起的马铃薯灰霉病、胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种引起的马铃薯黑胫病中的用途,拓宽了月桂酸的应用范围。本发明提供的技术方案可帮助消除或缓解马铃薯晚疫病、灰霉病和黑胫病,为马铃薯细菌真菌病害安全高效防治提供新途径,同时为月桂酸在其他作物病害防治的应用提供良好的技术途径。
附图说明
图1为月桂酸对马铃薯致病疫霉的抑制效果图,甲醇处理作为对照。
图2为加入月桂酸后马铃薯致病疫霉菌落直径和甲醇处理的对照组菌落直径变化图。
图3为月桂酸对灰霉菌的抑制效果图,甲醇处理作为对照。
图4为加入月桂酸后灰霉菌菌落直径和甲醇处理的对照组菌落直径变化图。
图5为加入月桂酸后胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种的菌体OD600值变化图,甲醇处理作为对照。图5中,OD600值表示菌体在600nm处的吸光度,吸光度值越高,则菌体浓度越高。
图6为月桂酸对于马铃薯致病疫霉的叶片防效图。图6中A为表型拍摄图;图6中B为病斑面积统计图,甲醇处理作为对照。
图7为月桂酸对于灰霉菌的叶片防效图。图7中A为表型拍摄图;图7中B为病斑面积统计图,甲醇处理作为对照。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行说明,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供了月桂酸制剂的制备。
称取0.01g月桂酸(上海源叶生物科技有限公司cat:143-07-7)溶于1mL甲醇,然后用H2O定容至10mL。
实施例2
本实施例提供了月桂酸对于马铃薯致病疫霉的抗性。
将月桂酸加入至黑麦蔗糖琼脂固体培养基(RSA,60g/L黑麦、20g/L蔗糖、10g/L琼脂)中,使月桂酸终浓度为1mg/mL,然后在超净工作台中接种致病疫霉Pi14-3-GFP菌株到培养基上,甲醇处理作为对照,致病疫霉放置于16℃恒温培养箱进行培养,之后每天用数显游标卡尺统计菌落直径并记录,在第六天的菌落生长情况如图1所示,菌落直径变化情况如图2所示。由图1、图2可知,实验组的菌落直径增长缓慢且比对照组菌落直径小,表明月桂酸可有效抑制马铃薯致病疫霉的菌丝生长,对其具有拮抗作用。
实施例3
本实施例提供了月桂酸对于灰霉菌的抗性。
将月桂酸加入到马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA,马铃薯浸粉3g/L、葡萄糖20g/L、琼脂14g/L)中,使月桂酸终浓度为1mg/mL,然后在超净工作台中接种灰霉菌B05.10菌株到培养基上,甲醇处理作为对照,放置于23℃恒温培养箱中培养,之后用数显游标卡尺统计菌落直径并记录,在第3天的菌落生长情况如图3所示,菌落直径变化情况如图4所示。由图3、图4可知,实验组的菌落直径增长缓慢且比对照组菌落直径小,表明月桂酸可有效抑制马铃薯灰霉菌的菌丝生长,对其具有拮抗作用。
实施例4
本实施例提供了月桂酸对于胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种的抗性。
试验分为三组,分别为:对照组、500μg/mL、1mg/mL组。
将胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种212菌株(河南农业大学园艺学院提供)在TSB培养基放置在28℃水平摇床,200rpm摇菌过夜培养,然后使用离心机,3000xg离心5min,收集菌体后,用2-吗啉乙磺酸(MES)重悬菌体,然后用分光光度计测定菌悬液的初始OD600值并记录。
将上述菌悬液取等体积的3份,第1份不作处理,作为对照,第2和第3份分别加入月桂酸,使其终浓度分别为500μg/mL、1mg/mL。
菌悬液的初始OD600值为0.1左右,放置在28℃静置培养,每间隔1小时利用酶标仪测量一次,统计结果并绘制成如图5所示的折线图。图5中可见,对照组的菌体浓度显著高于实验组,其中浓度为1mg/L的月桂酸比浓度为500μg/L的月桂酸具有更好的抑制效果。表明月桂酸可以显著抑制胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种菌体生长,对其具有拮抗作用。
实施例5
本实施例提供了月桂酸对于马铃薯致病疫霉的叶片防治效果。
用灭菌牙签划取致病疫霉Pi14-3GFP菌株的菌块,将有菌丝的一面贴近黑麦蔗糖琼脂培养基进行活化,于16℃培养9~12d,待菌丝长满整板时,加入4mL预冷的ddH2O置于4℃冰箱诱导产生孢子,1.5~2h后在显微镜下观察游动孢子的释放,用H2O稀释至孢子浓度为500个/μL,在涡旋仪上振荡,使游动孢子休眠,然后加入月桂酸使其终浓度为1mg/mL,于16℃处理5h后,将其接种到寄主植物马铃薯Desiree品种叶片的右侧,以溶剂甲醇处理孢子作为阴性对照,接种于叶片左侧。5d后统计致病疫霉的侵染效果,并记录病斑面积,T检验进行显著性分析,**代表P<0.01,即具有显著性。试验重复三次,结果如图6所示,图中A为表型拍摄图;B为病斑面积统计图。由图6可知,与对照组相比,1mg/mL月桂酸处理马铃薯Desiree品种叶片可显著抑制致病疫霉的侵染,具有较好的防治效果。
实施例6
本实施例提供了月桂酸对于灰霉菌的叶片防治效果。
将灰霉菌B05.10菌株接种到马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA培养基)上,于23℃、12h/12h(光/暗)培养5d。用无菌水将培养基上灰霉菌的孢子洗脱,然后用三层滤纸过滤,3000rpm离心5min后,用无菌水重新悬浮至浓度为1×103个/μL,然后加入月桂酸使其终浓度为1mg/mL,于23℃处理5h后,将其接种到寄主植物马铃薯Desiree品种叶片的右侧,以溶剂甲醇处理孢子作为阴性对照,接种于叶片左侧,通过在2d后统计灰霉菌的侵染效果,并记录病斑面积,T检验进行显著性分析,**代表P<0.01,即具有显著性。试验重复三次,结果如图7所示,图中A为表型拍摄图;B为病斑面积统计图。由图7可知,与对照组相比,1mg/mL月桂酸处理马铃薯Desiree品种叶片可显著抑制灰霉菌的侵染,具有较好的防治效果。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。在依据本发明构思的条件下本领域普通技术人员进行的相关推演和替换,在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (2)
1.月桂酸在防治马铃薯病害中的应用,其特征在于,月桂酸对胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种引起的马铃薯黑胫病具有抑制作用。
2.月桂酸在制备马铃薯病害防治药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述马铃薯病害为胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌巴西亚种引起的马铃薯黑胫病。
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