CN116848128A - 具有非炎症性细胞吞噬作用诱导活性的融合分子 - Google Patents
具有非炎症性细胞吞噬作用诱导活性的融合分子 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C07K14/4711—Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid plaque core protein
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有细胞吞噬作用诱导活性的融合分子,能够解决现有技术中因炎症反应激活引起的组织损伤问题,从而有效去除异常沉积蛋白,如β‑淀粉样蛋白、tau蛋白、α‑突触核蛋白、亨廷顿蛋白或朊病毒等,因此可用于预防或治疗因所述物质异常沉积而引起的疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有非炎症性细胞吞噬作用诱导活性的融合分子,提供将其用于预防或治疗蛋白沉积症等因物质的异常沉积而引起的疾病的可能性。
背景技术
许多退行性疾病的特征是特定蛋白质的异常折叠(folding)、聚合(polymerization)和沉积。这种蛋白沉积症(proteopathy)包括几种类型的淀粉样变性(amyloidosis)。
淀粉样变性(amyloidosis)是一种由称为淀粉样蛋白的异常蛋白在组织中沉积而引起的疾病。淀粉样蛋白是一种蛋白质团块,直径为7-13nm,具有β-折叠(β-sheet)结构,在显微镜下观察时呈纤维状,其特征是被硫黄素T(Thioflavin T,Thio T)和刚果红(congored)染色。淀粉样蛋白在体内通常不存在,据报道,迄今为止有36种蛋白质可以形成它(Picken,Acta Haematol.(2020),143:322-334)。代表性的淀粉样变性包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease)、帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)、亨廷顿病(Huntingtondisease)和朊病毒病(prion disease)等神经系统疾病,以及根据致病蛋白和受影响器官具有不同的形式的多种淀粉样变性。
阿尔茨海默病是导致痴呆的主要原因,是一种伴随学习和记忆障碍的致命疾病。据预测,到2050年,全球将有1.3亿人患有阿尔茨海默病,而在65岁以上的人口中,每9人中就有1人被诊断患有阿尔茨海默病。
阿尔茨海默氏病表现出一种特殊性,即淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白(Amyloid precursorprotein;APP)异常降解产生的β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积在脑细胞膜外,与此同时,由于与微管结合的tau蛋白过度磷酸化而显示异常结合。
最近有报道称,其中β-淀粉样蛋白聚集形成的寡聚体(oligomer)和原纤维(fibril)通过各种途径引起突触(synapse)功能退化和细胞毒性,以及大脑中负责免疫的星形胶质细胞(astrocyte)和小胶质细胞(microglia)的功能变化对神经细胞产生不利影响,从而形成恶性循环。
迄今为止,FDA批准的阿尔茨海默病药物都是抑制乙酰胆碱(Acetylcholine)降解或抑制NMDA受体活性的药物,其目的只是暂时缓解症状,而不是从根本上治疗疾病。因此,目前还没有从根本上治疗阿尔茨海默病的方法,因此,它被称为人口老龄化时代患者治疗和护理费用最高的疾病。
对于阿尔茨海默病的根本治疗,药物开发已经进行了几十年,重点是抑制和去除β-淀粉样蛋白。然而不幸的是,大多数通过开发用于抑制和去除β-淀粉样蛋白产生的阿尔茨海默氏症治疗药物在临床阶段没有显显示效果而失败了。作为一例,在用于减少β-淀粉样蛋白的BACE抑制剂的情况下,在认知能力下降的阿尔茨海默病患者中,β-淀粉样蛋白斑块已经沉积并且神经元细胞死亡正在发生,因此阻止额外产生的策略没有明显效果。
近期,有研究报道了一种与β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体和原纤维特异性结合的单克隆抗体可诱导阿尔茨海默病患者去除β-淀粉样蛋白并恢复认知功能,因此通过β-淀粉样蛋白抗体治疗阿尔茨海默病的策略已成为新的希望。
迄今为止提出的β-淀粉样蛋白单克隆抗体的作用机制是通过β-淀粉样蛋白抗体与β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体和原纤维结合来阻止其聚集,或者小胶质细胞通过识别单克隆抗体的Fc受体引起β-淀粉样蛋白的细胞吞噬作用(phagocytosis)等。
然而,尽管阿尔茨海默病治疗药物的发展取得了进展,但目前使用β-淀粉样蛋白单克隆抗体的免疫疗法在55%的抗体治疗患者中出现伴有严重水肿(edema)的淀粉样蛋白相关成像异常(ARIA,Amyloid-Related-Imaging-Abnormalities)现象,并且在事实上,大约35%的ARIA患者因此在中途被排除在临床试验之外。已知ARIA现象是由于炎症反应引起的突触和细胞毒性发生的,其中β-淀粉样蛋白单克隆抗体在Fc受体刺激时不可避免地被激活而产生炎症反应。
由于大脑中的突触和神经细胞对炎性细胞因子反应敏感,因此使用β-淀粉样蛋白单克隆抗体治疗最终都有一个固有的问题,即即使β-淀粉样蛋白在一定程度上被去除,但不可避免地同时对神经细胞和突触造成损伤。此外,除了单克隆抗体外,Alector和Denali等公司也因提出通过激活调节小胶质细胞免疫机制的TREM2等靶点来提高小胶质细胞去除β-淀粉样蛋白能力的策略而受到高度关注。然而,当小胶质细胞过度激活时,预计会因整体细胞吞噬作用增加而导致突触损伤。
因此,未来治疗阿尔茨海默病的重要任务是开发一种能够选择性地仅去除β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体和原纤维而不引起炎症反应和突触损伤的方法,这些药物有望对阿尔茨海默病的治疗做出重大贡献。
此外,如上所述,广泛应用能够选择性地仅去除目标异常沉积物质,例如导致蛋白沉积症的异常沉积蛋白,而不引起炎症反应和随之而来的额外组织损伤的方法,有可能开发出能够选择性地去除tau蛋白(Tau)、α-突触核蛋白(α-Synuclein)和亨廷顿蛋白(Huntingtin)等异常沉积蛋白。这些药物有望对如亨廷顿病等神经系统疾病以及与特定物质异常沉积相关的整体疾病的治疗做出重大贡献。
发明的内容
发明要解决的技术问题
本发明涉及一种具有非炎症性细胞吞噬作用诱导活性的融合分子,目的在于提供将其用于预防或治疗因目标物质的异常沉积而引起的疾病的可能性。
本发明所要解决的技术问题并不局限于上述技术问题,本领域的技术人员将从以下描述中清楚地了解到其他未提及的技术问题。
用于解决问题的技术方案
根据本发明的一方面,提供一种具有细胞吞噬作用诱导活性融合分子,其特征在于,包括:第一区域,具有TAM受体结合能力;以及第二区域,与目标物质特异性结合。
其中,所述TAM受体具体地可以选自由Tyro3、Axl和MerTK组成的组中的至少一种,这些能够与层粘连蛋白G样结构域(laminin G-like domain或LG domain)结合来诱导细胞吞噬作用(phagocytosis)。
所述第一区域可以包括Gas6、ProS1、Tubby、Tulp1、Gal3或它们的活性片段,只要是通过它们固有的与TAM受体的相互作用保持细胞吞噬作用(phagocytosis)诱导能力的蛋白质,蛋白质的形式或范围就不受特别限制。优选地,所述第一区域可以选自Gas6、ProS1或它们的活性片段。
更具体地,所述第一区域可以包括Gas6或ProS1的层粘连蛋白G样结构域或其活性片段,这些是在各种组织中强烈表达的细胞吞噬作用相关结合分子(bridging molecule),包括层粘连蛋白G样结构域,从而可以通过TAM受体诱导细胞吞噬作用。
所述层粘连蛋白G样结构域具体地可以包括LG1结构域、LG2结构域或它们的组合,优选地,同时包括LG1结构域和LG2结构域,这些能够与所述TAM受体结合来诱导细胞吞噬作用(phagocytosis)。
所述第一区域可以是包括SEQ ID NO.1和SEQ ID NO.2中的至少一种;或SEQ IDNO.3和SEQ ID NO.4中的至少一种序列的肽。优选地,所述第一区域可以是同时包括SEQ IDNO.1和SEQ ID NO.2的序列;或者同时包括SEQ ID NO.3和SEQ ID NO.4的序列的肽,更优选地,可以是包括SEQ ID NO.5或SEQ ID NO.6的序列的肽。包括所述SEQ ID NO的序列的肽还包括所述氨基酸序列以及氨基酸序列变体。所述序列变体是指蛋白质序列中有一个或多个氨基酸残基与氨基酸序列不同,只要保持所述融合分子的活性,蛋白质最终结构中的任何切割、缺失、插入、置换等以及它们的组合都是可能的。序列变体的一个例子是切割或缺失对于活性不是必要的位点的氨基酸残基的形式,或者置换对自身免疫重要的位点的氨基酸残基的形式。并且,在某些情况下,还可以通过磷酸化(phosphorylation)、糖基化(glycosylation)、甲基化(methylation)、法尼基化(farnesylation)等进行修饰(modification)。更优选的是,通过这些序列的突变和修饰,蛋白质的功能和/或稳定性(热稳定性、pH稳定性、结构稳定性等)和/或溶解性通过氨基酸序列上的突变而增加。
所述氨基酸序列中诱导突变的方法是通过突变编码蛋白质的核苷酸序列,产生具有与待改变的氨基酸序列对应的核苷酸序列的核酸分子的方法,获得编码它的基因的方法可以使用本领域公知的任何突变技术在体内或体外进行突变。例如,可以使用定点诱变(site-directed mutagenesis)(Hutchinson et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,253:6551,1978;Zoller and Smith,DNA,3:479-488,1984;Oliphant et al.,Gene,44:177,1986;Hutchinson et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,83:710,1986),TAB linker(Pharmacia),PCR技术(Higuchi,1989,"Using PCR to Engineer DNA"in PCRTechnology:Principles and Applications for DNA Amplification,H.Erlich,ed.,Stockton Press,Chapter 6,pp.61-70)等。
并且,在所述第一区域包括Gas6或ProS1的层粘连蛋白G样结构域(laminin G-like domain)或其活性片段的情况下,所述第一区域可能不包括Gla结构域,这可能是为了阻止第一区域识别磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS,phosphatidylserine),而第二区域识别目标物质来诱导细胞吞噬作用。
并且,在所述第一区域包括Gas6或ProS1的层粘连蛋白G样结构域(laminin G-like domain)或其活性片段的情况下,所述第一区域可能不包括Gla结构域和EGF结构域,这可能是为了在除了不包括Gla结构域而获得的技术效果之外,还通过抑制所述融合分子的纯化过程中的聚集(aggregation)现象来提高收率。
所述目标物质可以是在生物组织中沉积而引起疾病的物质。例如,它可能沉积在患者的受影响(affected),即患病(diseased)组织。所述疾病中沉积的物质可以是蛋白质,即所述疾病可以是蛋白沉积症,但不限于此。例如,所述目标物质可以是淀粉样蛋白,即,所述蛋白沉积症可以是淀粉样变性。所述目标物质可以选自下表1的异常沉积物质,此时,所述疾病可以是检测到各种异常沉积物质的疾病。例如,所述蛋白沉积症可以选自阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿病和朊病毒病,此时,所述目标物质可以是导致该疾病的异常沉积的蛋白质,即,分别(respectively)可以是β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid)、tau蛋白(Tau)、α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein)、亨廷顿蛋白(huntingtin)、朊病毒(prion)蛋白。
表1
与所述目标物质特异性结合的第二区域可以选自与所述目标物质特异性结合的抗体、其活性片段、抗体样蛋白、肽、适体和可溶性受体,只要是能够与该目标物质特异性结合的形态,不受特别限制。
其中,抗体或其活性片段例如可以选自:i)免疫球蛋白,选自IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4;ii)天然(native)抗体片段,如Fv、Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、VHH、VNAR等;iii)工程抗体,如scFv、dsFv、ds-scFv、(scFv)2、双抗体(diabody)、三抗体(triabody)、四抗体(tetrabody)、五抗体(pentabody)等。例如,所述抗体或其活性片段可以是基于源自与该目标物质特异性结合的抗体或抗体的6个互补决定区(complementarity-determining regions,CDRs)的Mab、Fab或其单链Fv片段(scFv)。即,与所述目标物质特异性结合的蛋白质或其活性片段包括与该目标物质特异性结合的活性所必需的部分,只要与所述第一区域相连且不引起炎症反应和突触损失的效果,其形式或范围没有特别限制。例如,所述目标物质可以是β-淀粉样蛋白,此时,与所述目标物质特异性结合的蛋白质或其活性片段可以包括阿杜那单抗(aducanumab)或其单链Fv片段。所述第二区域可以包括基于源自选自由阿杜那单抗(aducanumab)、西瑞奈单抗(semorinemab)和辛帕奈单抗(cinpanemab)组成的组中的任一种的6个互补决定区(CDR)的Mab、Fab或单链Fv片段。
所述抗体或其活性片段可以不包括Fc区域,优选地可以包括不与Fc受体(尤其Fcγ受体)结合的Fc区域变体。包括这种Fc区域变体可以提高纯化等物理特性。
所述抗体样蛋白(antibody-like protein)是指能够与目标物质特异性结合的蛋白质支架(scaffold),如抗体。抗体样蛋白的大小只有2-20kDa,小于平均约150kDa的抗体,能够被设计成靶向抗体无法接近的结合位点。众所周知,其在高温下比抗体更稳定,并且使用病毒和酵母等非哺乳动物细胞的合成和化学合成更容易。
在本发明中,适体是指对特定物质具有高度特异性和亲和力的单链DNA(ssDNA)或RNA。由于适体对特定物质具有很高的亲和力且稳定,合成方式相对简单,可以通过多种方式修饰以增加结合力,并且细胞、蛋白质,甚至是微小的有机物质也可以成为目标物质,因此其特异性和稳定性与已经开发的抗体相比高很多。此外,适体可以通过已知的指数富集的配体系统进化技术(SELEX,Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponentialenrichment)来制备。例如,通过已知的指数富集的配体系统进化技术(SELEX,SystematicEvolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment)制备与β淀粉样蛋白、tau蛋白、α-突触核蛋白特异性结合的适体后,将其连接到所述第一区域,由此可以制备本发明的融合分子。
本发明的适体不受限制,只要能够与β淀粉样蛋白、tau蛋白、α-突触核蛋白特异性结合即可,并且除非另有说明,否则适体所用的碱基可以选自由A、G、C、U以及它们的脱氧(deoxy)形式的碱基组成的组中。
另外,所述适体可以通过将选自聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、倒脱氧胸苷(idT,inverted deoxythymidine)、锁核酸(LNA,Locked Nucleic Acid)、2'-甲氧基核苷、2'-氨基核苷、2'F-核苷、胺接头、硫醇接头和胆固醇组成的组中的至少一种结合到5'末端位点、中间位点、3'末端位点或两末端位点来修饰,以提高稳定性。倒脱氧胸苷(idT,inverted deoxythymidine)是用于防止核酸酶降解核酸酶的分子中的一种,适体通常对核酸酶具有弱抗性。虽然核酸单元与前一个单元的3’-OH和后一个单元的5’-OH结合来形成链,但idT与前一个单元的3’-OH和后一个单元的3’-OH结合并施加人工改变,以使5’-OH暴露,而不是3’-OH暴露,从而产生抑制作为一种核酸酶的3’核酸外切酶(3’exonuclease)的降解功效。
本发明的可溶性受体(soluble receptor)包括具有能够与目标物质,即内源性配体(endogenous ligand)结合的活性的区域(domain),并且所述区域可以是内源性膜受体或源自细胞内受体或其衍生物(derivative)。此时,本发明的融合分子的第二区域中包含的所述可溶性受体可优选使用从所述内源性受体中除去具有与目标物质结合以外的活性的区域的。
在本发明中,可能作为所述第二区域的肽是将与目标物质特异性结合的氨基酸作为单体(monomer)的多肽中除去所述抗体或其活性片段、抗体样蛋白和可溶性受体之外的其余部分。
由于根据本发明的融合分子通过与TAM受体的相互作用诱导所述细胞吞噬作用,因此可以在表达TAM受体的细胞中诱导所述细胞吞噬作用。细胞吞噬作用(phagocytosis)一般是吞噬细胞或0.5μm以上的颗粒,包括束缚(tether)、吞噬(engulf)后降解(degrade)相应细胞或颗粒的过程。此时,细胞吞噬作用形成包围内化(internalized)细胞或颗粒的吞噬小体(phagosome),还包括因吞噬小体与溶酶体(lysosome)融合而在吞噬溶酶体(phagolysosome)内降解的过程。此时,在细胞吞噬作用中,将因细胞凋亡或坏死(apoptosis or necrosis)机制死亡或正在死去的细胞还可称为胞葬作用(efferocytosis)。
表达所述TAM受体的细胞可以是一种或多种专职吞噬细胞(professionalphagocyte)、一种或多种非专职吞噬细胞(non-professional phagocyte)或其组合。其中,专职吞噬细胞是指主要作用是通过吞噬作用清除死细胞和沉积的碎片的细胞,包括巨噬细胞(macrophage)、中性粒细胞(neutrophil)、树突细胞(dendritic cell)和肥大细胞(mastcell)。巨噬细胞通常停留在可能成为感染途径的各组织中,并且在很多情况下,它们对每个组织都有不同的名称,例如脂肪组织中的脂肪组织巨噬细胞(adipose tissuemacrophage)、骨髓或血液中的单核细胞(monocyte)、肝脏中的库普弗细胞(Kuffer cell)、淋巴结中的窦组织细胞(sinus histiocyte)、肺泡中的肺泡巨噬细胞(alveolarmacrophage)、结缔组织中的组织细胞(histiocyte)或其结缔巨细胞(giant cell)、中枢神经系统中的小胶质细胞(microglia)、胎盘中的霍夫包尔氏细胞(Hopfbauer cell)、肾脏肾小球中的系膜细胞(Intraglomerular mesangial cell)、骨中的破骨细胞(osteoclast)、肉芽肿(granulomas)的上皮样细胞(epithelioid cell)、脾脏红髓(red pulp of spleen)中的红髓巨噬细胞(red pulp macrophage)、腹膜腔(peritoneal cavity)中的腹膜巨噬细胞(peritoneal macrophage)、淋巴集结(Peyer'spatch)中的LysoMac等。另一方面,非专职吞噬细胞是指主要执行吞噬细胞所在组织特有功能,但在必要时可以执行吞噬作用的细胞,包括上皮细胞(epithelial cell)、内皮细胞(endothelial cell)、成纤维细胞(fibroblast)、间充质细胞(mesenchymal cell)等,以及一些组织特异性细胞,例如中枢神经系统的星形胶质细胞(astrocyte)或少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocyte)、视网膜的米勒胶质细胞(Muller glia)、肝脏的肝细胞(hepatocyte)、肌肉的卫星细胞(satellite cell)、睾丸的塞尔托利氏细胞(Sertoli cell)等、自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell)、大颗粒淋巴细胞(large granular lymphocyte)、嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophil)、嗜碱性粒细胞(basophil)、B细胞(B cell)等一部分淋巴细胞。根据本发明的融合分子可以在对要去除的目标物质沉积的组织具有特异性的吞噬细胞(phagocyte)中诱导细胞吞噬作用。例如,在去除大脑中沉积的异常蛋白质的情况下,可以在星形胶质细胞(astrocyte)、小胶质细胞(microglia)、少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocyte)或它们的组合中诱导所述细胞吞噬作用。这可以例如通过将根据本发明的融合分子局部施用至这样的组织或通过在该组织中改造细胞以表达和分泌所述融合分子来诱导。
所述细胞吞噬作用的诱导可能不伴随炎症反应。因为它可以在去除目标物质的同时不诱导炎症反应,抑制由炎症反应引起的组织损伤,因此与传统技术相比,可以更安全地治疗因目标物质的沉积而引起的组织功能退化。
融合分子还可以包括标签(tag)。当这种标签被添加到融合分子中时,可以用于确认所述融合分子的纯化、表达、作用与否或作用过程等。
所述标签包括His标签、T7标签、S标签、FLAG标签、Strep标签、硫氧还蛋白(Trx:thioredoxin)标签、His-patch thioredoxin标签、lacZ(L-Galactosidase)标签、氯霉素乙酰转移酶(chloramphenicol acetyltransferase)标签、trpE标签、亲和素/链霉亲和素/Strep(avidin/streptavidin/Strep)标签、T7gene10标签、葡萄球菌蛋白A(staphylococcal protein A)标签、葡萄球菌蛋白G(streptococcal protein G)标签、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST:glutathione-S-transferase)标签、二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR:dihydrofolate reductase)标签、纤维素结合域(CBD's:cellulose binding domains)标签、麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP:maltose binding protein)标签、半乳糖结合蛋白(galactose-binding protein)标签、钙调蛋白结合蛋白(CBP:calmodulin binding protein)标签、血红素凝集素流感病毒(HAI:hemagglutinin influenza virus)标签、HSV标签、B-(VP7protein region of bluetongue virus)标签、多半胱氨酸(polycysteine)标签、聚脯氨酸(polyphenyalanine)标签、(Ala-Trp-Trp-Pro)n标签、聚天冬氨酸(polyaspartic acid)标签、c-myc标签、lac-阻遏物(lac repressor)标签等,但不限于此。所述标签可位于靶蛋白的N末端、C末端或内部。
所述融合分子还可以包括在N末端的信号肽(signal peptide或前导序列(leadersequence))。信号肽是一种短肽,存在于蛋白质合成开始时的N末端,朝向分泌途径(secretory pathway),已知其指定蛋白质的细胞内位置(在膜蛋白的情况下)、膜取向(膜拓扑,membrane topology)等。所述信号肽可能在表达所述融合分子并将其分泌到细胞中的过程中被切割。
所述融合分子中包含的上述第一区域、第二区域、标签、信号肽或具有最小功能的区域(例如,LG1和LG2区域或scFv重链可变区和轻链可变区)可以直接连接,也可以通过包含短寡肽或多肽的接头连接。通常,接头可包含2个至500个氨基酸残基。所述接头的长度或类型没有特别限制,只要接头可以连接上述各区域以具有预期活性来形成所述融合分子即可。作为常用的寡肽接头,可以例示(GGGGS)n,即其中重复一个或多个Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser单元的接头。除此之外,还可以使用(GSSGGS)n、KESGSVSSEQLAQFRSLD、EGKSSGSGSESKST、GSAGSAAGSGEF、(EAAAK)n、CRRRRRREAEAC、A(EAAAK)4ALEA(EAAAK)4A、GGGGGGGG、GGGGGG、AEAAAKEAAAAKA、PAPAP、(Ala-Pro)n、VSQTSKLTRAETVFPDV、PLGLWA、TRHRQPRGWE、AGNRVRRSVG、RRRRRRRR、GFLG或GSSGGSGSSGGSGGGDEADGSRGSQKAGVDE作为接头,但不限于此。
作为本发明的另一方面,提供一种编码所述融合分子的核酸分子和含有该核酸分子的表达载体。
如上所述,编码所述融合分子的核酸分子序列可以通过将一个或多个核酸碱基置换、缺失、插入或他们的组合来突变,只要编码具有与其等同活性的蛋白质即可。
编码所述融合分子的核酸分子序列可以从自然界中分离出来,也可以通过合成或基因重组人工制备。编码所述融合分子的核酸分子序列通过与能够表达它的表达载体可操作地连接来提供。
所述“表达载体”是指能够通过将编码靶基因的核酸序列引入合适的宿主细胞来表达靶蛋白或靶RNA的载体,并且包括可操作地连接以表达基因插入物的必需调控元件的遗传构建。这种表达载体包括所有载体,例如质粒载体、粘粒载体、噬菌体载体和病毒载体等。
合适的表达载体具有表达控制元件,例如启动子、起始密码子、终止密码子、聚腺苷酸化信号和增强子。起始密码子和终止密码子通常被认为是编码蛋白质的核酸序列的一部分,并且蛋白质编码序列被设计成符合读框(in frame)以便在载体中可操作。启动子可以是组成型的或诱导型的。此外,常规表达载体包括选择标记(marker)。可以使用本领域公知的基因重组技术制备与表达载体的可操作连接,并且可以使用本领域公知的酶等进行位点特异性DNA切割和连接。
优选地,所述表达载体可以被配置为在宿主细胞中表达所述融合分子后进行纯化和分离,或者当注射到生物体中时引入细胞中使得该细胞可以表达和分泌所述融合分子。需要引入体内细胞引入时,优选地,所述载体可以是非整合(non-integrating)载体,即没有整合到宿主细胞的基因组中的载体。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种表达所述融合分子的细胞。
所述细胞可以被转化以包括核酸分子或含有该核酸分子的表达载体,所述“转化”包括将核酸分子引入生物体、细胞、组织或器官的任何方法,并且如在本领域中公知,可以根据宿主细胞选择合适的标准技术来进行。这些方法包括电穿孔(electroporation)、原生质体融合、磷酸钙(CaPO4)沉淀、氯化钙(CaCl2)沉淀、使用碳化硅纤维的搅拌、农杆菌介导的转化、PEG、硫酸葡聚糖、脂果胶和干燥/抑制介导的转化方法等,但不限于此。
所述宿主细胞包括原核宿主细胞,例如大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)(例如恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida))、奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)或葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)(例如肉质葡萄球菌(Staphylocus carnosus)),但不限于此。并且,真菌,如曲霉属(Aspergillus);酵母菌,包括毕赤酵母属(Pichia pastoris)、酿酒酵母属(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、裂殖酵母属(Schizosaccharomyces)、粗糙脉孢菌属(Neurospora crassa)等;其他低等真核细胞或来源于高等真核生物的细胞,包括昆虫细胞、植物细胞、哺乳动物细胞等,均可作为宿主细胞。
融合分子在所述细胞中表达后,可以采用常规生化分离技术进行分离和纯化,如蛋白沉淀剂处理(盐析法)、离心分离、超声破碎、超滤、透析、分子筛色谱法(凝胶过滤)、吸附色谱法、离子交换层析、亲和层析等各种层析,通常组合使用这些方法以分离高纯度蛋白质(Sambrook et al.,Molecular Cloning:A laborarory Manual,2nd Ed.,Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory Press(1989);Deuscher,M.,Guide to Protein PurificationMethods Enzymology,Vol.182.Academic Press.Inc.,San Diego,CA(1990))。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种药物组合物,其包含所述融合分子或所述表达载体,用于预防或治疗因所述目标物质在生物组织中沉积而引起的疾病。其中,可以在所述疾病的病原体即目标物质沉积处局部施用所述组合物。
此外,根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于预防或治疗蛋白沉积症的方法,包括向受试者施用药学有效量的所述融合分子。
并且,根据本发明的另一方面,提供所述融合分子在制备预防或治疗蛋白沉积症的药物中的应用。
作为所述药物组合物中的有效成分的所述融合分子以“药学有效量”包含。所述术语“药学有效量”是指足以实现上述融合分子的功效或活性的量。
所述药物组合物可以口服或肠胃外给药,优选肠胃外给药,更优选局部给药至待去除的目标物质沉积的组织。
在本文中,“肠胃外给药”包括皮下注射、静脉内、肌肉内、胸骨内注射或输注技术。
当将所述药物组合物配制成注射剂时,其可根据本领域已知的制备注射剂的常规方法制备。所述注射剂可以是分散在无菌介质中的形式以便在给患者给药时可以直接使用,也可以是通过添加注射用蒸馏水以适当的浓度分散后给药的形式。
当所述药物组合物被配制成用于口服给药时,可选择稀释剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、甜味剂、稳定剂和防腐剂中的一种或多种作为载体,并可以选择香料、维生素和抗氧化剂中的一种或多种作为添加剂。
配制所述药物组合物的技术、药学上合适的载体、添加剂发热膜和为本领域技术人员所熟知,例如可以参考如下文献:the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients,4thedition,Rowe et al.,Eds.,American Pharmaceuticals Association(2003);Remington:the Science and Practice of Pharmacy,20th edition,Gennaro,Ed.,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins(2000);Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(19thed.,1995)等。
所述药物组合物的合适剂量可以根据配制方法、给药方法、患者的年龄、体重、性别、病态、饮食、给药时间、给药途径、排泄速率和反应敏感性等因素而变化。本发明的药物组合物的剂量为成人0.0001-1000μg/kg(体重)。
发明的效果
本发明涉及一种具有细胞吞噬作用诱导活性的融合分子,能够解决现有技术中因炎症反应激活引起的组织损伤问题,从而有效去除异常沉积蛋白,如β-淀粉样蛋白、tau蛋白、α-突触核蛋白、亨廷顿蛋白或朊病毒等,因此可用于预防或治疗因这种沉积而引起的疾病,如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿病或朊病毒病。这种融合分子引入纯化的融合分子或细胞内时能够表达和分泌所述融合分子的基因治疗药物载体的形式施用于患者。
然而,本发明的效果然不限于上述效果,并且应当被理解为包括可以从说明书或权利要求中记载的本发明的构造推断出的所有效果。
附图说明
图1为基于Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白和FITC嵌合吞噬衍生物的示意图。
图2显示根据制备例1制备包含FLAG Tag的嵌合吞噬衍生物并通过蛋白质印迹法确认的结果。
图3为根据制备例1制备的嵌合吞噬衍生物对TAM受体的作用的示意图。
图4显示确认αAβ-Gas6的选择性的β-淀粉样蛋白摄取能力的结果。
图5为在体外(in vitro)通过β-淀粉样蛋白吞噬试验(engulfment assay)确认HMC3细胞系中αAβ-Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白摄取能力的代表性图表。
图6显示在体外(in vitro)通过β-淀粉样蛋白吞噬试验(engulfment assay)确认HMC3细胞系中αAβ-Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白摄取能力的结果。
图7显示确认αAβ-Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白摄取能力依赖于TAM受体中的Axl的结果。
图8显示确认αAβ-Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白摄取能力依赖于TAM受体中的Axl的结果。
图9显示确认αAβ-Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白摄取能力依赖于TAM受体中的Axl的结果。
图10显示使用THP-Axl细胞比较分析通过αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗激活炎症反应信号传递的结果。
图11显示使用THP-Axl细胞比较分析αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗的促炎细胞因子分泌水平的结果。
图12显示确认αAβ-Gas6的抗炎活性的结果。
图13显示确认小胶质细胞的β-淀粉样蛋白去除能力被αAβ-Gas6大大提高的结果。
图14显示确认星形胶质细胞的β-淀粉样蛋白去除能力被αAβ-Gas6大大提高的结果。
图15显示确认星形胶质细胞的促炎细胞因子的转录水平随αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗改变的结果。
图16显示确认BV2的促炎细胞因子的转录水平随αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗变化的结果。
图17显示确认对5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠施用αAβ-Gas6蛋白后αAβ-Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白斑块去除能力的结果。
图18显示确认对5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠施用αAβ-Gas6病毒后αAβ-Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白斑块去除能力的结果。
图19显示确认施用αAβ-Gas6蛋白时在5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠中被小胶质细胞去除而溶酶体中含有的β-淀粉样蛋白增加的结果。
图20显示确认施用αAβ-Gas6蛋白时在5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠中被星形胶质细胞去除而溶酶体中含有的β-淀粉样蛋白增加的结果。
图21显示确认施用αAβ-Gas6病毒时在5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠中被小胶质细胞去除而溶酶体中含有的β-淀粉样蛋白增加的结果。
图22显示确认施用αAβ-Gas6病毒时在5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠中被星形胶质细胞去除而溶酶体中含有的β-淀粉样蛋白增加的结果。
图23显示确认因阿杜那单抗的副作用在5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠中异常增加的小胶质细胞引起的突触消失现象在施用αAβ-Gas6病毒时大大恢复的结果。
图24显示确认因阿杜那单抗的副作用在5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠中异常增加的小胶质细胞引起的突触消失现象在施用αAβ-Gas6病毒时大大恢复的结果。
图25是用于确认在施用αAβ-Gas6病毒时5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的认知和记忆能力的实验方案。
图26显示确认施用αAβ-Gas6病毒时5XFAD阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的认知和记忆能力恢复优于阿杜那单抗的结果。
图27显示通过体外tau吞噬试验(in vitro engulfment assay)确认HMC3细胞系中αTau-Gas6的tau摄取能力的结果。
图28显示通过体外α-突触核蛋白吞噬试验(in vitro engulfment assay)确认HMC3细胞系中ααSyn-Gas6的α-突触核蛋白摄取能力的结果。
图29显示通过体外β-淀粉样蛋白吞噬试验(in vitro engulfment assay)确认原代培养的星形胶质细胞中αAβ-ProS1的β-淀粉样蛋白摄取能力的结果。
图30显示通过体外β-淀粉样蛋白吞噬试验(in vitro engulfment assay)分别确认HMC3细胞系中αAβ(Fab)-Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白摄取能力的结果。
图31显示通过体外β-淀粉样蛋白吞噬试验(in vitro engulfment assay)分别确认HMC3细胞系中αAβ(Mab)-Gas6的β-淀粉样蛋白摄取能力的结果。
最佳实施方式
以下,为了更详细地说明,将对实施例和实验例进行具体说明。然而,以下实施例和实验例仅是说明性的,本发明的范围不限于此。
制备例1:具有β-淀粉样蛋白去除活性的基于Gas6的融合分子的制备(I):scFv型β-淀粉样蛋白结合区
为了制备基于Gas6蛋白的β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)特异性嵌合吞噬衍生物,首先去除凋亡细胞(Apoptotic)细胞中识别PS(phosphatidylserine)的位点的Gla结构域,并在该位置引入β-淀粉样蛋白特异性抗体,即阿杜那单抗(aducanumab)的单链Fv片段(single-chainvariable fragment;scFv)[αAβ-Gas6(E)]。
并且,为了提高蛋白质生产效率,还去除了Gas6蛋白的内部残基(internalresidue)中存在的EGF重复结构域(EGF repeat domain),以制备引入阿杜那单抗scFv的αAβ-Gas6(图1)。
并且,作为用于确认阿杜那单抗的scFv的β-淀粉样蛋白特异性结合的对照组,还制备了引入选择性识别FITC的E2 scFv替代阿杜那单抗scFv的αFITC-Gas6(E)、αFITC-Gas6。
下表2显示了与所述融合分子的制备相关的氨基酸序列,下表3显示了与所述融合分子的制备相关的核苷酸序列(下划线的序列是Flag tag)。
表2
表3
制备例2:靶向tau蛋白的基于Gas6的融合分子
为了制备基于Gas6蛋白的tau特异性嵌合吞噬衍生物,首先去除Gla结构域和EGF重复结构域,并在该位置引入tau特异性抗体,即西瑞奈单抗(semorinemab)的单链Fv片段(single-chain variable fragment;scFv)(αTau-Gas6)。所述嵌合吞噬衍生物的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列如表4所示。
表4
制备例3:靶向α-突触核蛋白的基于Gas6的融合分子
为了制备基于Gas6蛋白的α-突触核蛋白特异性嵌合吞噬衍生物,首先去除Gla结构域和EGF重复结构域,并在该位置引入α-突触核蛋白特异性抗体,即辛帕奈单抗(cinpanemab)的单链Fv片段(single-chain variable fragment;scFv)(ααSyn-Gas6)。所述嵌合吞噬衍生物的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列如表5所示。
表5
制备例4:靶向β-淀粉样蛋白的基于ProS1的融合分子
为了制备基于ProS1蛋白的β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)特异性嵌合吞噬衍生物,首先去除Gla结构域和EGF重复结构域,并在该位置引入β-淀粉样蛋白特异性抗体,即阿杜那单抗(aducanumab)的单链Fv片段(single-chain variable fragment;scFv)(αAβ-ProS1)。所述嵌合吞噬衍生物的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列如表6所示。
表6
制备例5:靶向β-淀粉样蛋白的基于Gas6的融合分子(II):Fab和Mab形式的β-淀粉样蛋白结合区
为了制备基于Gas6蛋白的β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)特异性嵌合吞噬衍生物,首先去除凋亡细胞(apoptotic)细胞中识别PS(phosphatidylserine)的位点的Gla结构域,并在该位置引入β-淀粉样蛋白特异性抗体,即阿杜那单抗(aducanumab)的抗原结合片段(antigen-binding fragment;Fab)或单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody;Mab)(αAβ[Fab]-Gas6,αAβ[Mab]-Gas6)。上述的两个嵌合吞噬衍生物的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列如表7和表8所示。
表7
表8
实验例1:靶向β-淀粉样蛋白的基于Gas6的融合分子(I):scFv型β-淀粉样蛋白结合区
1-1.确认转化细胞的融合分子的表达
质粒转染(transfection)HEK293细胞后,通过使用Flag tag的蛋白质印迹法确认根据制备例1的包含Flag tag的融合分子的表达,结果如图2所示。
1-2.确认所制备的融合分子的β-淀粉样蛋白特异性结合能力
为了确认αAβ-Gas6(E)、αAβ-Gas6、αFITC-Gas6(E)、αFITC-Gas6是否能够分别选择性地识别β-淀粉样蛋白和FITC,收集从各质粒转染的HEK293细胞分泌的细胞培养液,通过β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体和FITC附着的珠(bead)进行实验。结果如图4所示,确认到αAβ-Gas6(E)、αAβ-Gas6仅识别β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体珠,αFITC-Gas6(E)、αFITC-Gas6仅识别FITC珠并诱导细胞吞噬作用(phagocytosis)。
确认到αAβ-Gas6(E)和αAβ-Gas6表现出相似的活性,发现额外去除Gas6的EGF结构域的αAβ-Gas6能够在蛋白质纯化过程中不发生聚集(aggregation)且以高收率获得,而将αAβ-Gas6用于后续实验。
1-3.确认所制备的融合分子的作用机制
(1)使用细胞系确认
开发了一种体外Aβ吞噬试验(in vitro Aβengulfment assay),将β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体(oligomer)与pH指示剂结合(conjugation),当这些被细胞吞噬作用摄取(uptake)时,在细胞内溶酶体中发出红色荧光。
使用表达TAM受体的人小胶质细胞系HMC3细胞进行体外Aβ吞噬试验(in vitro Aβengulfment assay),结果确认到β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体被αAβ-Gas6选择性地去除(图5和6)。
尤其,通过将干扰TAM受体功能的抗体一起处理的实验,确认到Tyro3、Mertk和Axl中的αAβ-Gas6主要通过Axl去除β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体(图7至图9)。事实上,当从HMC3细胞中去除Axl时,αAβ-Gas6的活性大大降低。此外,不表达TAM受体的人单核细胞系THP-1并未显显示αAβ-Gas6对β-淀粉样蛋白去除能力的增强,但过表达Axl的THP-Axl细胞显显示αAβ-Gas6依赖性地大大增加β-淀粉样蛋白原纤维(fibril)的摄取能力。
并且,由于过表达Axl的THP-Axl细胞同时具有Axl和Fc受体,因此确认了通过αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗摄取β-淀粉样蛋白时诱导的炎症反应程度。为此,首先,将NF-kB报告基因(reporter)在THP-Axl细胞中表达,分别将对照组、αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗一起添加,在添加阿杜那单抗的情况下,NF-kB报告基因大大增加,但添加αAβ-Gas6的情况下,表达水平与对照组相同或更低(图10)。并且,当测量IL-1b、IL-6和TNF这三种最具代表性的炎性细胞因子的分泌蛋白量时,在用阿杜那单抗处理的THP-Axl细胞中,炎性细胞因子的蛋白量显著高于对照组(图11)。然而,重要的是,确认到αAβ-Gas6处理组中这些炎性细胞因子的量与对照组相比没有增加。正如我们的假设,这是当αAβ-Gas6融合吞噬衍生蛋白通过TAM受体对目标物质产生细胞吞噬作用时,不诱导炎症反应,类似于自然凋亡细胞识别和吞噬作用(efferocytosis),这就是核心结果。
并且,确认到αAβ-Gas6与阿杜那单抗不同地增加了Twist1/2基因的表达,这被认为是抑制炎症反应的机制(图12)。
(2)使用星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞进行确认
为了了解大脑中表达TAM受体的细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)是否能够通过αAβ-Gas6去除β-淀粉样蛋白,将从小鼠的大脑中获得的星形胶质细胞(primaryastrocyte)和小胶质细胞(microglia)分别纯化、培养。之后,一起放入纯化的αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗与β-淀粉样蛋白原纤维,并实时观察β-淀粉样蛋白原纤维去除程度。
结果,确认到αAβ-Gas6浓度依赖性地增加小胶质细胞的β-淀粉样蛋白去除能力,这与在表达Axl的细胞系HMC3中获得的结果相同(图13)。重要的是,确认到在放入阿杜那单抗的情况下,星形胶质细胞的β-淀粉样蛋白去除能力根本没有变化,但在αAβ-Gas6的情况下,浓度依赖性地显著增加星形胶质细胞的β-淀粉样蛋白去除能力(图14)。这意味着由于星形胶质细胞不表达Fc受体但表达TAM受体,αAβ-Gas6大大增加了之前微不足道的β-淀粉样蛋白去除能力。
将αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗与β-淀粉样蛋白原纤维分别一起放入星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞细胞系BV2细胞中来增加β-淀粉样蛋白摄取后,分别检测细胞中炎症反应程度,即TNF、IL-1a、IL-1b的mRNA水平(图15和16)。结果,确认到在用阿杜那单抗处理的情况下,星形胶质细胞和BV2细胞中与对照组相比上述炎性细胞因子的转录物和蛋白质的量显著增加,但在αAβ-Gas6的情况下,这些炎性细胞因子的量与对照组相比未增加,这与在细胞系中获得的结果相同。
如上所述,发现了使用αAβ-Gas6融合吞噬衍生物可以是一种突破性的方法,不会伴随以往单克隆抗体治疗药物的副作用(炎症反应),还能够通过星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞有效去除患者大脑中沉积的β-淀粉样蛋白斑块,这被认为是一个非常令人鼓舞的结果,可以大大改善目前的治疗策略。
1-4.体内(In vivo)功效评价
(1)根据融合分子或其表达载体引入的功效
使用5XFAD作为阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠。5XFAD能够同时表达5个突变基因,因此β-淀粉样蛋白斑块生成时间快,无论年龄大小,3-4月龄开始即可根据β-淀粉样蛋白斑块进行病理学症状研究。
为了通过5XFAD模型验证体内(In vivo)αAβ-Gas6的功效,通过两种不同的方式将αAβ-Gas6递送至大脑。通过以往研究已经知道,即使在阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠中,阿杜那单抗也不能通过血管内注射或腹膜内注射很好地递送至大脑。因此,为了准确比较和分析αAβ-Gas6与阿杜那单抗的功效,1)在小鼠脑内进行直接插管(cannulation),每天一次将纯化的αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗分别注入脑室(ventricle)3周,2)将αAβ-Gas6和阿杜那单抗分别制成慢病毒形式,并通过立体定向注射在小鼠海马体中表达,发现当添加αAβ-Gas6纯化蛋白或该基因以慢病毒形式表达时,β-淀粉样蛋白斑块的数量均显着减少(图17和图18)。
并且,量化了当αAβ-Gas156分别以蛋白质和病毒的形式被递送到大脑时小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞溶酶体中β-淀粉样蛋白的量,结果这两种细胞中均观察到β-淀粉样蛋白去除能力大大增加(图19至图22)
这与体外(in vitro)研究的结果一样,意味着TAM受体在小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞中均有表达,因此当引入αAβ-Gas6时,小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞可以识别并去除β-淀粉样蛋白。
(2)比较抗体治疗药物与本发明的融合分子的功效
众所周知,在阿尔茨海默病中,突触被小胶质细胞不分青红皂白地去除,导致突触数量减少。令人惊讶的是,当将阿杜那单抗递送至阿尔茨海默氏症模型小鼠时,这种现象加剧,但当αAβ-Gas6以病毒形式表达时,小胶质细胞异常去除突触恢复到正常水平(图23和图24)。
此外,当根据图25的方案在阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠中进行用于记住新物体的形状或位置的认知和记忆测试时,与阿杜那单抗相比,αAβ-Gas6的表达显显示显着优越的认知和记忆恢复效果(图26)。
进而,为了确认本发明的嵌合吞噬衍生物蛋白是否能够有效去除各种靶物质,除β-淀粉样蛋白外,根据制备例2、制备例3的方法还制备了对tau蛋白(Tau)和α-突触核蛋白(αSyn)特异的吞噬诱导蛋白,并根据实验例2、制备例3的方法确认各目标物质的去除效果。
实验例2:靶向tau蛋白的基于Gas6的融合分子
开发了一种体外tau吞噬试验(in vitro tau engulfment assay),将tau寡聚体(tau oligomer)与pH指示剂结合(conjugation),当这些被细胞吞噬作用摄取(uptake)时,在细胞内溶酶体中发出红色荧光。使用制备例2的表达吞噬衍生物蛋白[αTau-Gas6]的培养液处理表达TAM受体的人小胶质细胞系HMC3细胞,进行体外tau吞噬试验(in vitro tauengulfment assay),结果如图27所示,确认到tau寡聚体被αTau-Gas6选择性地去除。
实验例3:靶向α-突触核蛋白的基于Gas6的融合分子
开发了一种体外αSyn吞噬试验(in vitroαSyn engulfment assay),将α-突触核蛋白寡聚体(αSyn oligomer)与pH指示剂结合(conjugation),当这些被细胞吞噬作用摄取(uptake)时,在细胞内溶酶体中发出红色荧光。使用制备例3的表达吞噬衍生物蛋白[ααSyn-Gas6]的培养液处理表达TAM受体的人小胶质细胞系HMC3细胞,进行体外αSyn吞噬试验(in vitroαSyn engulfment assay),结果如图28所示,确认到α-突触核蛋白寡聚体被ααSyn-Gas6选择性地去除。
实验例4:靶向β-淀粉样蛋白的基于ProS1的融合分子
接下来,为了确认制备嵌合吞噬诱导蛋白时不使用Gas6而使用TAM受体的其他配体(ligand)是否也有效,根据制备例4的方法,使用ProS1制备αAβ-ProS1并进行功效评价。为此,用表达αAβ-ProS1的培养液处理表达TAM受体的原代培养的小鼠星形胶质细胞,进行实验例1-3中使用的体外Aβ吞噬试验(in vitro Aβengulfment assay),结果如图29所示,确认到β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体被αAβ-ProS1选择性地去除。
实验例5:靶向β-淀粉样蛋白的基于Gas6的融合分子(II):Fab和Mab型β-淀粉样蛋白结合区
接下来,为了确认制备嵌合吞噬诱导蛋白时是否可以使用除了scFv之外的各种目标结合位点作为目标蛋白的目标结构域,使用抗原结合片段(antigen-binding fragment,Fab)或完整形式的单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody;Mab)替代scFv来制备吞噬诱导蛋白,根据制备例5的方法制备并进行实验(αAβ[Fab]-Gas6和αAβ[Mab]-Gas6)。为此,用表达αAβ[Fab]-Gas6和αAβ[Mab]-Gas6的培养液处理表达TAM受体的原代培养的小鼠星形胶质细胞,进行实验例1-3中使用的体外Aβ吞噬试验(in vitro Aβengulfment assay),结果如图30和图31所示,确认到β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体分别被αAβ[Fab]-Gas6和αAβ[Mab]-Gas6选择性地去除。
本发明的范围由所附权利要求书定义,并且从权利要求书的含义和范围以及等同概念导出的所有变化或修改应被解释为包括在本发明的范围内。
具体实施方式
最佳实施方式中已描述了具体实施方式
工业实用性
根据本发明实施例的具有细胞吞噬作用诱导活性的融合分子能够解决现有技术中因炎症反应激活引起的组织损伤问题,从而有效去除异常沉积蛋白,如β-淀粉样蛋白、tau蛋白、α-突触核蛋白、亨廷顿蛋白或朊病毒等,因此可用于预防或治疗因这种沉积而引起的疾病,如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿病或朊病毒病,可用于这些疾病的治疗药物行业。
<110> 伊米斯疗法株式会社
<120> 具有非炎症性细胞吞噬作用诱导活性的融合分子
<130> P20220004KR
<150> KR 10/2021/0013045
<151> 2021-01-29
<160> 6
<170> KoPatentIn 3.0
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Claims (17)
1.一种具有细胞吞噬作用诱导活性融合分子,其特征在于,
包括:
第一区域,具有TAM受体结合能力;以及
第二区域,与目标物质特异性结合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述TAM受体选自由Tyro3、Axl和MerTK组成的组中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述第一区域包括Gas6、ProS1、Tubby、Tulp1、Gal3或它们的活性片段。
4.根据权利要求1所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述第一区域包括Gas6或ProS1的层粘连蛋白G样结构域或其活性片段。
5.根据权利要求1所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述第一区域是包含SEQ ID NO.1和2的序列的层粘连蛋白G样结构域,或包含SEQ IDNO.3和4的序列的层粘连蛋白G样结构域。
6.根据权利要求1所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述目标物质是在生物组织中沉积而引起疾病的物质。
7.根据权利要求6所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述目标物质是淀粉样蛋白。
8.根据权利要求6所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述疾病是淀粉样变性。
9.根据权利要求1所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述目标物质选自β-淀粉样蛋白、tau蛋白、α-突触核蛋白、亨廷顿蛋白、朊病毒以及表1的异常沉积物质。
10.根据权利要求1所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
与所述目标物质特异性结合的第二区域选自与所述目标物质特异性结合的抗体、其活性片段、抗体样蛋白、肽、适体和可溶性受体。
11.根据权利要求1所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述细胞吞噬作用在表达TAM受体的细胞中诱导。
12.根据权利要求11所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
表达所述TAM受体的细胞是一种或多种专职吞噬细胞、一种或多种非专职吞噬细胞或其组合。
13.根据权利要求1所述的融合分子,其特征在于,
所述细胞吞噬作用的诱导不伴随炎症反应。
14.一种核酸分子,其编码根据权利要求1所述的融合分子。
15.一种表达载体,其包含根据权利要求1所述的核酸分子。
16.一种细胞,其使得根据权利要求1所述的融合分子表达。
17.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1所述的融合分子或根据权利要求15所述的表达载体,用于预防或治疗因所述目标物质在生物组织中沉积而引起的疾病。
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