CN116839440A - Directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation method and system - Google Patents
Directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116839440A CN116839440A CN202310980536.3A CN202310980536A CN116839440A CN 116839440 A CN116839440 A CN 116839440A CN 202310980536 A CN202310980536 A CN 202310980536A CN 116839440 A CN116839440 A CN 116839440A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100001677 Emericella variicolor andL gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and provides a method and a system for designing and evaluating the effect of directional blasting charge, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after each drilling hole in the top plate is charged and blasted according to the charging parameters, the length and depth of the crack on the inner wall of each drilling hole are obtained; taking the ratio of the length of a crack to the depth of a drilled hole as a joint cutting elongation, taking the sum of the depths of the crack of the drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole as the crack extension distance between two drilled holes, and taking the ratio of the crack extension distance between two drilled holes and the distance between two drilled holes as a penetration rate; judging whether the joint cutting elongation and penetration rate of all the drilled holes meet the requirements, and if so, taking the charging parameters as final charging parameters; otherwise, the charging parameters are determined again, and charging and blasting are carried out again. The explosive consumption is reduced and the blasting effect is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation method and system.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Coal is one of the most important energy sources, and when roof blasting directional ore caving operation is carried out in underground mining engineering, the subsequent operation of mining is often influenced by the actual problems of serious blasting back flushing effect, uneven blasting block and the like.
However, in the current directional lancing blasting of mine roof, the rock cannot be fully broken, the blasting efficiency is low, and the blasting hazard effect cannot be effectively controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a method and a system for designing and evaluating the charge of directional blasting, and the charge parameters such as the charge quantity of a blasthole are determined through scientific quantitative calculation, so that the blasting effect is ensured while the charge quantity of the explosive is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a first aspect of the present invention provides a method of directional blasting charge design and effectiveness evaluation comprising:
after each drilling hole in the top plate is charged and blasted according to the charging parameters, the length and depth of the crack on the inner wall of each drilling hole are obtained;
taking the ratio of the length of a crack to the depth of a drilled hole as a joint cutting elongation, taking the sum of the depths of the crack of the drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole as the crack extension distance between two drilled holes, and taking the ratio of the crack extension distance between two drilled holes and the distance between two drilled holes as a penetration rate;
judging whether the joint cutting elongation and penetration rate of all the drilled holes meet the requirements, and if so, taking the charging parameters as final charging parameters; otherwise, the charging parameters are determined again, and charging and blasting are carried out again.
Further, the charging parameters comprise the quantity of the energy collecting pipes and the stemming length which are determined according to the mechanical parameters of the top plate and the drilling depth.
Further, the loading parameters comprise drilling loading capacity determined according to the blast hole parameters, the energy collecting tube diameter, the loading diameter, the mechanical parameters of the top plate, the length of the guide crack and the detonation velocity of the explosive.
Further, the mechanical parameters of the top plate include compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus.
Further, when the explosive is charged, the explosive is charged into each energy collecting tube provided with the round hole based on the charging parameters.
Further, during charging, an inverted V-shaped explosive sliding-preventing device is arranged at the bottom of the energy collecting pipe.
Further, in the top plate, the spacing between two adjacent holes differs.
A second aspect of the invention provides a directional blasting charge design and effectiveness evaluation system comprising:
a data acquisition module configured to: after each drilling hole in the top plate is charged and blasted according to the charging parameters, the length and depth of the crack on the inner wall of each drilling hole are obtained;
a computing module configured to: taking the ratio of the length of a crack to the depth of a drilled hole as a joint cutting elongation, taking the sum of the depths of the crack of the drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole as the crack extension distance between two drilled holes, and taking the ratio of the crack extension distance between two drilled holes and the distance between two drilled holes as a penetration rate;
a determination module configured to: judging whether the joint cutting elongation and penetration rate of all the drilled holes meet the requirements, and if so, taking the charging parameters as final charging parameters; otherwise, the charging parameters are determined again, and charging and blasting are carried out again.
A third aspect of the invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps in a directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation method as described above.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps in a directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation method as described above when the program is executed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for designing and evaluating the charge of directional blasting, which determines charge parameters such as the charge quantity of a blasthole through scientific quantitative calculation, reduces the charge quantity of the explosive and ensures the blasting effect.
The invention provides a method for designing and evaluating the charging effect of directional blasting, which realizes the directional pre-splitting blasting of a top plate through a directional energy collecting pipe. The method can concentrate the explosive blasting energy to a specific direction, improves the utilization rate of the explosive energy, reduces the damage to rock mass in other directions, can effectively detect the cracking effect of the directional pre-cracking blasting of the top plate, and ensures the accuracy of the cracking effect evaluation.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing and evaluating the effect of a directional blasting charge according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a top plate oriented pre-split blast charge according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a connecting energy collecting pipe according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an evaluation chart of the external penetration rate effect of the directional pre-splitting blasting according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the effect evaluation of the penetration rate inside the directional pre-splitting explosion according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for designing and evaluating the effect of directional blasting charge, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
step 1: and (3) carrying out top plate coring, wherein the coring length is consistent with the depth of the drill hole 9, determining the lithology of the top plate, performing logging work, and carrying out a surrounding rock mechanical parameter experiment to obtain the mechanical parameters of the top plate and determine the surrounding rock (lithology) partition of the top plate.
Wherein, the mechanical parameters of roof include: compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, etc., of course, are not limited.
Step 2: the number of the directional energy collecting pipes 7 and the length of the stemming 8 required for each drilling hole 9 are determined according to the mechanical parameters of the top plate and the depth of the drilling hole 9, and the length of the stemming 8 is generally 1/3 of the length of the drilling hole.
Step 3: and determining the loading capacity of the drilling hole 9 according to the lithology partition of the top plate.
Specifically, for each borehole 9, before blasting, borehole parameters (including borehole charge density, borehole length), energy collecting tube diameter, charge diameter, mechanical parameters of the top plate (including fracture toughness and tensile strength), length of a guide crack, detonation velocity of the explosive are obtained, and borehole charge (i.e., borehole charge) is calculated:
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,q e the charge quantity of the blast holes is calculated;d b in order to obtain the diameter of the energy-collecting tube,d c for the diameter of the charge,m；p 0 for charging density of blast holes, kg/m 3 ；l e The charge coefficient of the blast hole;lthe length of the blast hole is m;K IC fracture toughness of rock, MPa.m 1/2 ；D V The detonation velocity of the explosive is m/s;am is the length of the guide crack;is the tensile strength of the rock and MPa.
It should be noted that, the blasthole (drilling) refers to a blasthole for installing a cumulative tube, an explosive, a detonator and stemming, and the top plate presplitting blasting process is as follows: punching, charging and detonating, wherein in order to realize the top plate presplitting blasting, drilling holes are firstly required to be drilled according to the drilling angle, depth and interval, reasonable parameters are obtained through the design of the drug loading quantity parameter on the basis, and energy collecting pipes, explosives, detonators and stemming are arranged in the drilling holes; and the detonator is started by the detonator to perform blasting, so that the directional pre-cracking effect of the top plate is realized.
In addition, the directional pre-splitting blasting technique adopted in this embodiment needs to realize internal penetration (penetration along the depth direction of the blast hole) through the energy collecting pipe on one hand, and needs to realize external penetration (penetration between adjacent blast holes) through the design of the charging parameters on the other hand, that is, the guide crack is a key index of the effect of external penetration.
Step 4: and (5) installing an explosive. Based on the charging parameters (stemming length, drilling charging amount and number of the directional energy collecting pipes 7) obtained in the step 2 and the step 3, a plurality of coils of explosive 3 are charged into each directional energy collecting pipe 7 according to the design requirement of the blasting parameters, as shown in figure 2.
Wherein the explosive 3 is emulsion explosive, and the charging mode is forward charging.
The directional energy collecting pipe 7 can realize directional blasting lancing, as shown in fig. 4, the surface of the directional energy collecting pipe is provided with two rows of uniform equidistant round holes (namely energy collecting pipe holes), the two rows of energy collecting pipe holes are symmetrical about the central axis of the directional energy collecting pipe 7, and when explosive explodes, energy collecting jet flow is used for improving blasting efficiency and reducing damage to rock mass in other directions.
Step 5: and installing a detonator and connecting wires. And a detonator 1 is arranged in the explosive at the lowest end of each directional energy collecting pipe 7, and a detonator wire 2 is led out from the directional energy collecting pipe hole and is connected with an explosion guiding bus 4.
Specifically, after the wires 2 of all detonators 1 are led out from the directional energy-gathering pipe holes, the wires are connected with the bus 4, so that all detonators are connected in parallel, the blasting effect is ensured, and the influence of a dead shot is reduced.
Step 6: and installing a renting slider. After each directional energy collecting pipe 7 is charged, an explosive sliding-preventing device 5 is arranged at the bottom of the directional energy collecting pipe.
The explosive sliding-preventing device 5 is of an inverted V shape, two ends of the explosive sliding-preventing device 5 are exposed from the energy collecting pipe holes to form a bottom support to prevent the explosive from sliding downwards, the explosive sliding-preventing device 5 has high rigidity, the explosive can be effectively prevented from sliding in the directional energy collecting pipe, and the material can be alloy steel, so that the explosive sliding-preventing device is not limited.
Step 7: and connecting the energy collecting pipe. Adjacent directional energy gathering tubes 7 are connected using directional energy gathering tube connectors 6.
The directional energy-collecting tube connector 6 is a circular tube with two open ends, the inner wall of the directional energy-collecting tube connector 6 is provided with threads, as shown in fig. 3, the directional energy-collecting tube connector 6 is a bidirectional equal-length threaded cylindrical device, two directional energy-collecting tubes can be connected in a fastening mode, and meanwhile the direction of the directional energy-collecting tubes is guaranteed to be consistent.
Step 8: after the connection of the directional energy collecting pipe 7 is completed, the directional energy collecting pipe is pushed into the drilling hole 9 by using a telescopic rod.
Step 9: filling stemming. And (3) filling the stemming 8 into the drill hole 9 by using an automatic mud flushing device according to the stemming length obtained in the step (2).
The stemming 8 is a high-performance water-absorbing and adsorbing polymer and can be effectively attached to the inner wall of a drill hole, so that the sealing effect is ensured.
Step 10: and connecting the bus 4 with a detonation device, checking voltage and current, and performing top plate directional pre-splitting blasting.
Step 11: on-site development of different drilling interval blasting experimental schemes, shown in reference to fig. 6, K 1 、K 2 、K 3 For different borehole spacings, i.e. the spacing between two adjacent boreholes 9 differs.
The drilled hole 9 may be referred to as a blasthole 9 after blasting.
Step 12: and determining optimal charging parameters according to the blasting effect evaluation result to achieve the optimal blasting effect.
After blasting, acquiring the length and depth of a crack on the inner wall of each blasthole and the distance between two blastholes; judging whether the elongation rate of kerfs (cracks) on two sides of the inner wall of each blast hole and the penetration rate between two adjacent holes meet the requirements (namely, whether the evaluation effect meets the requirements or not); if all the blastholes reach the requirement, taking the top plate directional presplitting blasting loading parameters (including the drilling loading amount, the number of the energy gathering pipes and the stemming length) as optimal loading parameters (final loading parameters); otherwise, returning to the step 2.
Specifically, the explosion evaluation is performed by using a digital panorama drill peeping system including a high-definition camera lens 10, an image recorder 11, a depth encoder 12, and a computer 13.
After blasting, the high-definition camera lens 10 is deeply drilled into the hole 9, and the depth encoder 12 records the entering depth of the high-definition camera lens 10; the high-definition camera lens 10 collects videos containing cracks of the inner wall of the hole after blasting, the video containing the cracks of the inner wall of the hole after blasting is recorded by the image recorder 11, video data are imported into a computer, the length and depth of the cracks on the inner wall of each hole in the video are identified, and then the joint cutting elongation of the two sides of the inner wall of each hole is outputAnd penetration rate with adjacent boreholes ∈ ->。
The joint-cutting elongation rate of the two sides of the inner wall of the drilling holeReach more than 90 percent and simultaneously reach the penetration rate between adjacent drilling holesWhen the content reaches more than 90%, namely: />，/>，L b =L b1 +L b2 Meets the requirements.
As shown in figure 5 of the drawings,L a is the distance between two blasting holes,H 1 for the depth of the borehole to be drilled,H 2 to extend the length of the crack in the inner wall of the blasthole after blasting is completed,L b to extend the distance of the crack between the two blastholes after blasting is completed,L b1 andL b2 are the depths of the cracks on the inner wall of a blast hole.
According to the directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation method provided by the embodiment, charge parameters such as the charge quantity of the blasthole are determined through scientific quantitative calculation, so that the explosive quantity is reduced, and meanwhile, the blasting effect is ensured.
According to the directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation method provided by the embodiment, the directional pre-splitting blasting of the top plate is realized through the directional energy collecting pipe. The method can concentrate the explosive blasting energy to a specific direction, improves the utilization rate of the explosive energy, reduces the damage to rock mass in other directions, can effectively detect the cracking effect of the directional pre-cracking blasting of the top plate, and ensures the accuracy of the cracking effect evaluation.
Example two
The embodiment provides a directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation system, which specifically comprises:
a data acquisition module configured to: after each drilling hole in the top plate is charged and blasted according to the charging parameters, the length and depth of the crack on the inner wall of each drilling hole are obtained;
a computing module configured to: taking the ratio of the length of a crack to the depth of a drilled hole as a joint cutting elongation, taking the sum of the depths of the crack of the drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole as the crack extension distance between two drilled holes, and taking the ratio of the crack extension distance between two drilled holes and the distance between two drilled holes as a penetration rate;
a determination module configured to: judging whether the joint cutting elongation and penetration rate of all the drilled holes meet the requirements, and if so, taking the charging parameters as final charging parameters; otherwise, the charging parameters are determined again, and charging and blasting are carried out again.
It should be noted that, each module in the embodiment corresponds to each step in the first embodiment one to one, and the implementation process is the same, which is not described here.
Example III
The present embodiment provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps in the directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation method as described in the above embodiment one.
Example IV
The present embodiment provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the steps in the method for designing and evaluating a directional blasting charge according to the first embodiment.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, magnetic disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for designing and evaluating the effect of the directional blasting charge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after each drilling hole in the top plate is charged and blasted according to the charging parameters, the length and depth of the crack on the inner wall of each drilling hole are obtained;
taking the ratio of the length of a crack to the depth of a drilled hole as a joint cutting elongation, taking the sum of the depths of the crack of the drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole as the crack extension distance between two drilled holes, and taking the ratio of the crack extension distance between two drilled holes and the distance between two drilled holes as a penetration rate;
judging whether the joint cutting elongation and penetration rate of all the drilled holes meet the requirements, and if so, taking the charging parameters as final charging parameters; otherwise, the charging parameters are determined again, and charging and blasting are carried out again.
2. The method for designing and evaluating the effect of directional blasting charge according to claim 1, wherein the charge parameters include the number of energy collecting tubes and the stemming length determined according to the mechanical parameters of the top plate and the drilling depth.
3. The method of designing and evaluating the effect of a directional blasting charge according to claim 1, wherein the charge parameters include a borehole charge amount determined based on a borehole parameter, a tube diameter, a charge diameter, a mechanical parameter of a roof, a length of a pilot crack, and a detonation velocity of the explosive.
4. A method of designing and evaluating the effectiveness of a directional blasting charge according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the mechanical parameters of the top plate include compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity.
5. The method for designing and evaluating the effect of directional blasting charge according to claim 1, wherein the explosive is charged into each of the energy collecting pipes provided with the circular holes based on the charging parameters at the time of charging.
6. The method for designing and evaluating the effect of directional blasting charge according to claim 1, wherein an inverted V-shaped explosive antiskid device is installed at the bottom of the energy collecting tube during the charge.
7. A method of designing and evaluating the effectiveness of a directed blasting charge according to claim 1, wherein the top plate has a different spacing between two adjacent boreholes.
8. Directional blasting charge design and effect evaluation system, its characterized in that includes:
a data acquisition module configured to: after each drilling hole in the top plate is charged and blasted according to the charging parameters, the length and depth of the crack on the inner wall of each drilling hole are obtained;
a computing module configured to: taking the ratio of the length of a crack to the depth of a drilled hole as a joint cutting elongation, taking the sum of the depths of the crack of the drilled hole and the adjacent drilled hole as the crack extension distance between two drilled holes, and taking the ratio of the crack extension distance between two drilled holes and the distance between two drilled holes as a penetration rate;
a determination module configured to: judging whether the joint cutting elongation and penetration rate of all the drilled holes meet the requirements, and if so, taking the charging parameters as final charging parameters; otherwise, the charging parameters are determined again, and charging and blasting are carried out again.
9. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the directional blasting charge design and effectiveness evaluation method of any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor performs the steps in the directional blasting charge design and effectiveness evaluation method of any one of claims 1-7 when the program is executed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117108261A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2023-11-24 | 四川大学 | Shale fracturing method based on energy-containing liquid-gas-fluid composite control blasting |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117108261A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2023-11-24 | 四川大学 | Shale fracturing method based on energy-containing liquid-gas-fluid composite control blasting |
| CN117108261B (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2024-01-19 | 四川大学 | Shale fracturing method based on energy-containing liquid-gas-fluid composite control blasting |
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